DOCSLIB.ORG

FLINT in FOCUS Lithic Biographies in the Neolithic and FLINT Bronze Age

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FLINT in FOCUS Lithic Biographies in the Neolithic and FLINT Bronze Age V AN G IJN FLINT IN FOCUS Lithic Biographies in the Neolithic and FLINT Bronze Age FLINT IN FOCUS The biographies of fl int objects reveal their various and changing roles in prehistoric IN life. Using raw material sourcing, technological analysis, experimental archaeology, FOCUS microwear and residue studies Annelou van Gijn tells the story of fl int from the Early Neolithic to its virtual demise in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age. She incorpo- rates data from settlements, burials and hoards from the region of the present-day Netherlands. This richly illustrated book shows the way fl int functioned in daily life, how simple domestic tools became ritualised, how fl int was used to negotiate change and how the biography of fl int objects was related to personhood. Annelou van Gijn is professor of Material Culture and Artefact Studies at the Uni- Age and Bronze in the Neolithic Lithic Biographies versities of Leiden and Groningen. She is particularly interested in the cultural bio- graphy of artefacts, especially of stone and bone tools, as well as ornaments, and uses microscopy to study traces of manufacture and use. She is the author of books and numerous articles on the Neolithic of the Netherlands, lithic studies and microwear analysis. “ e book we have been waiting for. Flint in Focus puts the uses of stone at the heart of a biographical approach to Neolithic and Bronze Age lithics. With a wealth of insights on the practical and social signifi cance of stone and stoneworking, this groundbreaking study is a model of integrated research.” Mark Edmonds (University of York) “Expert, thorough and readable. Prehistorians everywhere will fi nd it relevant and insightful, and anyone interested in stone tools will fi nd it highly accessible.” John Whittaker (Grinnell College) Sidestone ISBNSidestone 978-90-8890-033-4 Press ISBN: 978-90-8890-033-4 NNELOU VAN G IJN 9 789088 900334 omslag_VanGijn_v4_15mmrug.indd 1 25-10-2013 13:58:18 This is an Open Access publication. Visit our website for more OA publication, to read any of our books for free online, or to buy them in print or PDF. www.sidestone.com Check out some of our latest publications: FLINT IN FOCUS Sidestone Press FLINT IN FOCUS Lithic Biographies in the Neolithic and Bronze Age A NNELOU V A N G IJN © 2010 A.L. van Gijn Published by Sidestone Press, Leiden www.sidestone.com ISBN 978-90-8890-033-4 Photographs cover: dagger (Buinen) and arrowheads (Angelsloo) by Q. Bourgeois; microscope lenses by K. Wentink Cover design: K. Wentink, Sidestone Press Lay-out: P.C. van Woerdekom, Sidestone Press Contents List of tables and figures XI Symbols used in the figures XV Acknowledgements XVII Preface XXI 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The scope of the study 1 1.2 The materiality of flint 3 1.3 The concept of function and ‘the use’ of use-wear analysis 5 1.4 Spatial and chronological framework 7 1.5 Research objectives 7 1.6 Structure of the book 9 2 The biography of flint tools: methods of study 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 The ‘conception’ of the tool: determining the raw material 13 2.2.1 Introduction 13 2.2.2 Flint sources within the territory of the Netherlands 14 2.2.3 Imported flint from Belgium and France 18 2.2.4 The choice and procurement of raw material: social implications 21 2.3 The ‘birth’ of the tool: technological and typo-morphological analysis 23 2.3.1 Technological properties 23 2.3.2 Typo-morphology 25 2.4 The ‘life’ of the object: functional analysis 27 2.4.1 Introduction 27 2.4.2 The methods of use-wear and residue analysis 27 2.4.3 Experiments 30 2.4.4 Problems of interpretation 31 2.5 Contextualizing the data 34 3 Introducing the databases: selection, chronology and source criticism 35 3.1 Selection 35 3.2 The databases 37 3.3 Representativity 40 3.3.1 Introduction 40 v 3.3.2 Flint tools and the technological system 41 3.3.3 Taphonomical processes affecting flint surfaces 42 3.3.4 Sites studied: chronological context and coverage 46 3.4 Conclusion 49 4 Flint and food 51 4.1 Introduction 51 4.1.1 Food as a social issue 51 4.1.2 Flint and its role in food getting technology 52 4.1.3 Differentiating subsistence from craft tools 53 4.2 Hunting 54 4.2.1 Introduction and experimentation 54 4.2.2 The archaeological evidence for hunting with flint points in the wetlands 56 4.2.3 The archaeological evidence for hunting with flint points in the Pleistocene uplands 59 4.2.4 Flint points and hunting 60 4.3 Fishing 61 4.4 Butchering 63 4.5 The collection of wild plants 63 4.6 Harvesting and processing of cereals 66 4.6.1 Introduction and experimentation 66 4.6.2 The sickles of the farmers in the uplands 69 4.6.3 Sickles in the wetlands 71 4.7 Food preparation 72 4.8 Conclusions 73 5 Flint and craft 75 5.1 Introduction 75 5.1.1 Crafts: some pertinent issues 75 5.1.2 Toolkits 77 5.2 Hide processing 78 5.2.1 Introduction 78 5.2.2 Hide processing stages 79 5.2.3 Archaeological visibility 81 5.2.4 Hide working in the Dutch Neolithic and Bronze Age 81 5.3 Plant-based crafts 84 5.3.1 Introduction 84 5.3.2 Processing fibres from plants and bast 85 5.3.3 Cordage and basketry 88 5.3.4 Wickerwork 89 5.3.5 The role of flint tools in plant-based craft activities in the Neolithic and Bronze Age 89 vi 5.4 Wood working 91 5.4.1 Introduction 91 5.4.2 Wood working traces in the Dutch Neolithic and Bronze Age 93 5.4.3 The importance of wood working 95 5.5 Bone and antler tool manufacturing 97 5.5.1 Introduction 97 5.5.2 Bone tool production techniques 97 5.5.3 Antler tool production techniques 98 5.5.4 Bone and antler working traces on archaeological flint tools through time 99 5.5.5 Conclusion 100 5.6 Ornament making 100 5.6.1 The significance of ornaments 100 5.6.2 The role of flint in ornament making 102 5.7 Making and maintaining stone tools by means of flint 103 5.8 Well-defined but mysterious activities 105 5.9 Craft traditions through time 106 6 Flint and identity 109 6.1 Introduction 109 6.1.1 Identity and personhood 109 6.1.2 Flint, style and the expression of identity 111 6.1.3 Flint tools as part of the habitus 112 6.2 Two identities: the LBK and contemporary Late Mesolithic hunter-gatherers 113 6.2.1 Introduction 113 6.2.2 The LBK 114 6.2.3 Late Mesolithic flint 116 6.2.4 Identity issues and the relationship between the LBK and the Late Mesolithic hunter-gatherers 117 6.3 Contacts intensify: Rössen and Early Swifterbant 120 6.3.1 Rössen 120 6.3.2 The earlier Swifterbant culture 121 6.4 Becoming agriculturalists: Michelsberg, ‘Classic’ Swifterbant and Hazendonk 121 6.4.1 Michelsberg 121 6.4.2 ‘Classic’ Swifterbant: the northern group 122 6.4.3 ‘Classic’ Swifterbant: the southern group 123 6.4.4 The Hazendonk-group 125 6.4.5 Identity issues and the relationship between the Michelsberg culture and contemporary wetland groups 127 vii 6.5 Different flints for different contexts: TRB, Vlaardingen and Stein 128 6.5.1 Introduction 128 6.5.2 The TRB culture 128 6.5.3 Vlaardingen and Stein 136 6.5.4 Identity and the relationships between TRB, Vlaardingen and Stein 138 6.6 Conveying special kinds of personhood: the Single Grave culture 140 6.6.1 Settlement flint 140 6.6.2 The role of flint in the Single Grave burial package 141 6.6.3 Single Grave personhood 148 6.7 The domestication of flint: the Bell Beaker Culture 149 6.7.1 Introduction 149 6.7.2 Settlement flint 150 6.7.3 Flint in Bell Beaker funerary context 151 6.8 Two flint technologies: the Bronze Age 153 6.8.1 Introduction 153 6.8.2 Settlement flint 154 6.8.3 Flint in Bronze Age funerary context 155 6.9 Conclusions 156 6.9.1 The representation of collective identity 156 6.9.2 Gender 158 6.9.3 Burials and personhood 159 7 The ritualisation of flint 161 7.1 Introduction 161 7.2 Theoretical background 163 7.2.1 Skills, craft and the supernatural 163 7.2.2 The magic of exotic raw materials 165 7.2.3 The aesthetic qualities of stone 167 7.3 Recurrent themes 169 7.3.1 The lore of far-away places 169 7.3.2 Growing crops: an activity surrounded with taboos and rituals 170 7.3.3 The destruction of objects and the importance of fire 171 7.3.4 Martiality 172 7.4 The special biographies of agricultural implements 173 7.5 The prolific use of flint in TRB ritual life 174 7.5.1 Introduction 174 7.5.2 Ritual activities related to the megaliths 175 7.5.3 The special deposition of oversized axes 177 7.5.4. An abundance of ritual activities 183 7.6 Continuity and change: the ideological significance of exotic flint for Single Grave communities 184 7.6.1 Axe depositons 184 7.6.2 The French daggers 186 viii 7.7 The significance of northern flint 189 7.7.1 The Scandinavian daggers 189 7.7.2 The Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age sickles 193 7.8 Conclusion 195 8 Flint in the age of metal 199 8.1 Introduction 199 8.2 The introduction of metals 201 8.3 Domestic flint in the age of metal 202 8.3.1 Studies of Bronze and Iron Age settlement flint 202 8.3.2 Number of artefacts in domestic context 203 8.3.3 The range of tool types in domestic context 204 8.3.4 The use of flint 205 8.3.5 The replacement of domestic flint tools by metal ones 208 8.4 Flint in burials and special depositions 209 8.5 The different impact of copper, bronze and iron on flint technology 213 8.7 The significance of flint after the Stone Age 215 9 The meaning of flint 219 9.1 The usefulness of flint 219 9.2 The dichotomisation of flint technology 219 9.3 Interaction networks and the importance of long-distance imports 224 9.4 From a farmer to a warrior identity 226 9.5 Flint and ritual 228 9.6 Metal and the demise of flint 230 9.7 Flint studies for the future 232 Appendix: Catalogue 235 References 251 Acknowledgements of the sources of illustrations 285 ix List of tables and figures Tables 3.1 Overview of the settlement flint that was studied for traces of use, the data of which lie at the basis of this book.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Research Program on Innovations in Prehistory and Antiquity?
    Special Volume 6 (2016): Space and Knowledge. Topoi Research Group Articles, ed. by Gerd Graßhoff and Michael Meyer, pp. 777–818. Svend Hansen – Jürgen Renn – Florian Klimscha – Jochen Büttner – Barbara Helwing – Sebastian Kruse The Digital Atlas of Innovations: A Research Program on Innovations in Prehistory and Antiquity Edited by Gerd Graßhoff and Michael Meyer, Excellence Cluster Topoi, Berlin eTopoi ISSN 2192-2608 http://journal.topoi.org Except where otherwise noted, content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 Svend Hansen – Jürgen Renn – Florian Klimscha – Jochen Büttner – Barbara Helwing – Sebastian Kruse The Digital Atlas of Innovations: A Research Program on Innovations in Prehistory and Antiquity The authors discuss the simultaneous appearance of technological innovations in three key technologies (metallurgy, wheeled vehicles, weighing systems) in the second half of the 4th millennium. This is done from a source-critical perspective because the innova- tions are discussed with the help of dynamic maps from the Topoi project Digital Atlas of Innovations. Besides indications of diffusion gradients influenced by special research conditions, exceptional waves of innovation can be detected for all three technologies in the discussed period. These waves of innovation cannot, however, be generalized but have to be understood on the basis of the respective technology traditions and lines of devel- opment specific to local areas. Monocentric diffusion theories can be clearly disproven, local technology developments and their converging in certain centrally situated regions have to be assumed instead. Similarly, the transfer of objects and their châine opératoire can only be detected rather infrequently, while the adaptation to local socio-economic and environmental factors can be demonstrated.
    [Show full text]
  • LITHIC ANALYSIS (01-070-391) Rutgers University Spring 2010
    SYLLABUS LITHIC ANALYSIS (01-070-391) Rutgers University Spring 2010 Lecture days/hours: Thursday, 2:15-5:15 PM Lecture location: BioSci 206, Douglass Campus Instructors: Dr. J.W.K. Harris J.S. Reti, MA [email protected] [email protected] Office: BioSci, Room 203B Office: BioSci, Room 204C Office Hours: Friday 11:00 – 1:00 Office Hours: Thursday 1:00 – 3:00 COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is an integrated course that incorporates theoretical, behavioral, and practical aspects of lithic technology. Lithic Analysis is an advanced undergraduate course in human and non-human primate stone technology. Each student is expected to already have taken an introductory course in human evolution, primatology, and/or archaeology. Lithic Analysis is a sub-discipline of archaeology. The focus is on the inferential potential of stone tools with regard to human behavior. Early human ancestors first realized the utility of sharp stone edges for butchery and other practices. Arguably, without the advent of stone tools human evolution would have taken a different path. Stone tools allowed early hominins efficient access to meat resources and provided as avenue for cognitive development and three-dimensional problem solving. This course will provide a three-fold approach to lithic analysis: 1) study of archaeological sites and behavioral change through time relative to lithic technological changes, 2) insight into the art of laboratory lithic analysis and methods employed to attain concrete, quantitative behavioral conclusions, and 3) extensive training in stone tool replication. Such training will provide students with both an appreciation for the skills of our ancestors and with personal skills that will allow for further research into replication and human behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • Drentsch Dagblad : Officieel Orgaan Voor De Provincie Drenthe
    3e JAARGANG No. 622 " ZATERDAG 10 JUNI 1944 Abonnementsprijs: f 2.85 per 3 mnd.; Incasso- Advertentietarief, voor de Provincie Drenthe: voor kosten inbegrepen (bU vooruitbetaling). gewone adv. I—lo mm f I.—, elke mm meer 10 cent. DRENTSCH DAGBLAD Rubriek kleine advert.: I—lo mm f 0.60, elke mm Advertenties moeten 's avonds voor den verschijndag et.; personeel gevr. en aangeb. 1-10 mm t 0.50, in bezit zi)n Uitgevers. meer 6 van de Adres: BUREAU elke mm meer S et Familieberichten I—3o mm t 2.10, DRENTSCH DAGBLAD MEPPEL elke mm meer ? et. Voor bulten de Prov. Drenthe: Postrekening No. 272500 —ten name va» S.V. De advertenties I—lo mm I 1.20, elke mm Agrarische Meppel. alle soorten Pers te meer 12 cent Bi) abonnement speciaal tarief. Officieel orgaan voor de provincie Drenthe Redactie- en Administratie-adres: Bureau Drentsch Dagblad Meppel " Telefoon 2245—2246 " Bijkantoren te: Assen, Nieuwe Hulzen 12, tel. 3082; Emmen, Noorderstr. 1, tel. 342 " Steeds meer gevangenen gsnhoofd van Normandië zeer zwaar KEURINGEN EERSTE PHAZE DER INVASIE Berlijn, 8 Juni (D.N.8.). De Woens- zijn. Dit was echter te verwachten. dagavond in het gebied ten Zuiden Een correspondent aan boord van Het f^-Ersatzkommando deelt mede: ledere gezonde Nederlander kan zich Precies oordeel over het verloop nog niet mogelijk. van Le Havre opnieuw in den rug het Amerikaansche transportschip aanmelden, teneinde gekeurd te worden voor de XVaiien-ff, f^-Wachtbataillon Thomas Jefferson verklaart, dat de Nieuwe landingen worden verwacht. niet van de oprukkende Duitsche forma- in Amersfoort, Landstorm Nederland, Kriegsmarine en de Germaansche ff in Toestand ties neergelaten vijandelijke lucht- weersomstandigheden den aanval- Nederland.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithics, Landscape and People: Life Beyond the Monuments in Prehistoric Guernsey
    UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Department of Archaeology Lithics, Landscape and People: Life Beyond the Monuments in Prehistoric Guernsey by Donovan William Hawley Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2017 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Archaeology Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Lithics, Landscape and People: Life Beyond the Monuments in Prehistoric Guernsey Donovan William Hawley Although prehistoric megalithic monuments dominate the landscape of Guernsey, these have yielded little information concerning the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Early Bronze Age communities who inhabited the island in a broader landscape and maritime context. For this thesis it was therefore considered timely to explore the alternative material culture resource of worked flint and stone archived in the Guernsey museum. Largely ignored in previous archaeological narratives on the island or considered as unreliable data, the argument made in this thesis is for lithics being an ideal resource that, when correctly interrogated, can inform us of past people’s actions in the landscape. In order to maximise the amount of obtainable data, the lithics were subjected to a wide ranging multi-method approach encompassing all stages of the châine opératoire from material acquisition to discard, along with a consideration of the landscape context from which the material was recovered. The methodology also incorporated the extensive corpus of lithic knowledge that has been built up on the adjacent French mainland, a resource largely passed over in previous Channel Island research. By employing this approach, previously unknown patterns of human occupation and activity on the island, and the extent and temporality of maritime connectivity between Guernsey and mainland areas has been revealed.
    [Show full text]
  • Ch. 4. NEOLITHIC PERIOD in JORDAN 25 4.1
    Borsa di studio finanziata da: Ministero degli Affari Esteri di Italia Thanks all …………. I will be glad to give my theses with all my love to my father and mother, all my brothers for their helps since I came to Italy until I got this degree. I am glad because I am one of Dr. Ursula Thun Hohenstein students. I would like to thanks her to her help and support during my research. I would like to thanks Dr.. Maysoon AlNahar and the Museum of the University of Jordan stuff for their help during my work in Jordan. I would like to thank all of Prof. Perreto Carlo and Prof. Benedetto Sala, Dr. Arzarello Marta and all my professors in the University of Ferrara for their support and help during my Phd Research. During my study in Italy I met a lot of friends and specially my colleges in the University of Ferrara. I would like to thanks all for their help and support during these years. Finally I would like to thanks the Minister of Fournier of Italy, Embassy of Italy in Jordan and the University of Ferrara institute for higher studies (IUSS) to fund my PhD research. CONTENTS Ch. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Ch. 2. AIMS OF THE RESEARCH 3 Ch. 3. NEOLITHIC PERIOD IN NEAR EAST 5 3.1. Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) in Near east 5 3.2. Pre-pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) in Near east 10 3.2.A. Early PPNB 10 3.2.B. Middle PPNB 13 3.2.C. Late PPNB 15 3.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Cover Page the Handle Holds
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/3185517 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Louwen, A.J. Title: Breaking and making the ancestors. piecing together the urnfield mortuary process in the Lower-Rhine-Basin, ca. 1300–400 BC Issue date: 2021-06-17 References Alma, X.J.F./ A. van Benthem 2008. Lingewaard, Huissen‑Agropark II. Een kindergraf uit de Bronstijd. Een Inventariserend Veldonderzoek in de vorm van proefsleu- ven. ADC-rapport 1393. Amersfoort: ADC ArcheoProjecten. Appels, F., 2002. Tussen Deventer en Epse, 10.000 jaar bewoningsgeschiedenis van het plangebied Epse-Noord. Deventer: Gemeente Deventer. Arnold, B., 1999. ‘Drinking the Feast’: Alcohol and the Legitimation of Power in Celtic Europe. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 9 (1). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 71-93. Arnoldussen, S., 2008. A living landscape: Bronze Age settlement sites in the Dutch river area (c. 2000 – 800 BC). [PhD‑thesis Leiden University]. Leiden: Sidestone Press. Arnoldussen, S./ P.C.H. Albers 2015. When urnfields lose their meaning… The case of Middle and Late Iron Age habitation amidst the Noordbarge urnfield. In: Ball, E.A.G./ S. Arnoldussen (eds.). Metaaltijden 2. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden. Leiden: Sidestone Press, 149-169. Ascádi, G./ J. Némeskeri 1970. History of human life span and mortality. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. Aschemeyer, H., 1966. Die Gräber der jüngeren Bronzezeit im westlichen Westfalen. Bodenaltertümer Westfalens 9. Münster: Verlag Philipp von Zabern. Baby, R.S., 1954. Hopewell cremation practices. Papers in Archaeology of the Ohio Histori- cal Society, no. 1. Columbus (Ohio): Ohio Historical Society, 1‑7. Bakker, J.A., 1983.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiocarbon Dates 1993-1998
    RADIOCARBONDATES RADIOCARBONDATES RADIOCARBON DATES This volume holds a datelist of 1063 radiocarbon determinations carried out between 1993 and 1998 on behalf of the Ancient Monuments Laboratory of English Heritage. It contains supporting information about the samples and the sites producing them, a comprehensive bibliography, and two indexes for reference from samples funded by English Heritage and analysis. An introduction provides discussion of the character and taphonomy between 1993 and 1998 of the dated samples and information about the methods used for the analyses reported and their calibration. The datelist has been collated from information provided by the submitters of the samples and the dating laboratories. Many of the sites and projects from which dates have been obtained are now published, although developments in statistical methodologies for the interpretation of radiocarbon dates since these measurements were made may allow revised chronological models to be constructed on the basis of these dates. The purpose of this volume is to provide easy access to the raw scientific and contextual data which may be used in further research. Alex Bayliss, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Gordon Cook, Gerry McCormac, and Peter Marshall Front cover:Wharram Percy cemetery excavations. (©Wharram Research Project) Back cover:The Scientific Dating Research Team visiting Stonehenge as part of Science, Engineering, and Technology Week,March 1996. Left to right: Stephen Hoper (The Queen’s University, Belfast), Christopher Bronk Ramsey (Oxford
    [Show full text]
  • 'Van Gogh Erfgoedlocaties in Drenthe'
    1 G.J. Landweer, Boerderij met een schuur in het gebied Kremboong nabij Hoogeveen, ca. 1884-1894, Drents Archief, collectie Drents Museum 4 Voorwoord ‘Dus zeg ik tot U, plant u in den grond van Drenthe, gij zult er kiemen.’ 1 Dit schrijft Vincent van Gogh in een brief aan zijn broer Theo vanuit Nieuw-Amsterdam op 28 oktober 1883. De brieven, schilderijen en tekeningen vormen de stille getuigen van Van Goghs verblijf in Drenthe in het najaar van 1883. De plekken die Van Gogh tijdens die periode in de provincie Van Gogh Erfgoedlocaties in Drenthe is het resultaat van heeft bezocht en/of hem geïnspireerd hebben, zijn nu in een zorgvuldige analyse en beoordeling van de locaties, kaart gebracht. Met de publicatie Van Gogh Erfgoedlocaties mogelijk gemaakt met financiële steun van de provincie in Drenthe is een lacune opgevuld en hét fundament gelegd Drenthe. Het Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam heeft met van het verhaal van Van Gogh in Drenthe. Met het zichtbaar vreugde kennisgenomen van het onderzoeksresultaat en maken van de 15 locaties - gebouwen, gebieden en zich achter de bevindingen van het projectteam geschaard. landschappen die een belangrijke rol hebben gespeeld in de Het braakliggend terrein kan nu ontgonnen worden. Drentse periode van de kunstenaar - kan nu een completer verhaal van Vincent van Gogh verteld worden. Laat dit onderzoek het startpunt zijn om gecoördineerd verdere initiatieven te ontwikkelen om Van Goghs Drentse Experts van het Drents Museum, het Drents Archief en erfgoed te behouden voor de toekomst. En om een Het Drentse Landschap zijn gezamenlijk te werk gegaan zo groot mogelijk nationaal en internationaal publiek te om alle erfgoedlocaties van Van Gogh in Drenthe te enthousiasmeren voor Van Goghs periode in Drenthe.
    [Show full text]
  • Nieuws Brief Nieuwsbrief CBS "De Schutse" 105 Jaar
    Nieuwsbrief CBS "De Schutse" 105 jaar Plezier, ontwikkeling, professioneel M.R.Tetelepta 2017-07-14 Jaargang 105,nummer 23 Straatwijs de vakantie in! Nieuws Inhoudbrief StraatwijsCer 1 1 Nieuws uit de groep 2 Nieuws uit de groep 3 Jarigen/vakantierooster 4 Formatie 2017-2018 5 Uitnodiging BBQ 6 Kinderzitjes gevraagd 7 Streetwise App dorpsbelangen 8 Dinsdag 11 juli was ANWB Streetwise op de Aelder Meent voor beide scholen. Streetwise is een leuk, leerzaam en uitdagend verkeersprogramma voor alle leerlingen. De leerlingen kregen van professionele instructeurs verkeerstrainingen op maat. Musical groep 8. Agenda: Woensdag is de musical. Om 10.15 uur starten we met de eerste opvoering voor de andere kinderen van de school en onze gasten van de Korenhof. Ook Vr 14 juli Rapport mee naar huis zijn andere belangstellenden van harte welkom als ze ’s avonds niet kunnen. ’s Avonds spelen we de musical voor alle ouders, oud-leerlingen, opa’s, oma’s, Wo 19 juli Afscheid musical groep 8 ooms en tantes. Kortom voor iedereen die wil komen kijken. De voorstelling begint om 19.00 uur. Vr 21 juli 12:00 uur Begin Plein onderhoud Zomervakantie tot Op zaterdag 15 juli a.s.willen we het plein een vakantiebeurt geven. Wie is Maandag 4 sept deze dag beschikbaar en wil schoffelen, vegen, snoeien. Wij starten om 13:00 uur en hopen rondom 15:00 uur klaar te zijn. Bert Feunekes en Jorick Koedijk Nieuw MRlid In de schoolkring mogen we Jorick Koedijk als nieuw MRlid begroeten. Jorick is de vader van Ramon uit groep 2. Jorick, een fijne tijd toegewenst en veel succes! Jorick heeft aangegeven dat hij zijn taak als huismeester wil neerleggen nu hij lid is geworden van de medezeggenschapsraad.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimating the Scale of Stone Axe Production: a Case Study from Onega Lake, Russian Karelia Alexey Tarasov 1 and Sergey Stafeev 2
    Estimating the scale of stone axe production: A case study from Onega Lake, Russian Karelia Alexey Tarasov 1 and Sergey Stafeev 2 1. Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History, Pushkinskaya st.11, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia, Email: [email protected] 2. Institute of Applied Mathematical Research, Pushkinskaya st.11, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia, Email: [email protected] Abstract: The industry of metatuff axes and adzes on the western coast of Onega Lake (Eneolithic period, ca. 3500 – 1500 cal. BC) allows assuming some sort of craft specialization. Excavations of a workshop site Fofanovo XIII, conducted in 2010-2011, provided an extremely large assemblage of artefacts (over 350000 finds from just 30 m2, mostly production debitage). An attempt to estimate the output of production within the excavated area is based on experimental data from a series of replication experiments. Mass-analysis with the aid of image recognition software was used to obtain raw data from flakes from excavations and experiments. Statistical evaluation assures that the experimental results can be used as a basement for calculations. According to the proposed estimation, some 500 – 1000 tools could have been produced here, and this can be qualified as an evidence of “mass-production”. Keywords: Lithic technology; Neolithic; Eneolithic; Karelia; Fennoscandia; stone axe; adze; gouge; craft specialization; mass-analysis; image recognition 1. Introduction 1.1 Chopping tools of the Russian Karelian type; Cultural context and chronological framework This article is devoted to quite a small and narrow question, which belongs to a much wider set of problems associated with an industry of wood-chopping tools of the so-called Russian Karelian (Eastern Karelian) type from the territory of the present-day Republic of Karelia of the Russian Federation.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological and Geochemical Investigation of Flint Sources In
    Archaeological and geochemical investigation of flint sources in Britain and Ireland By Seosaimhín Áine Bradley A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Central Lancashire MARCH 2017 1 ABSTRACT This study investigates the archaeological use of flint in Britain and Ireland from the Mesolithic to the Bronze Age through geochemical analysis of flint samples obtained from the major areas of chalk geology within these islands (Northern, Southern, Transitional, and Northern Ireland), and provenancing of artefactual assemblages. Recent approaches to provenancing flint have demonstrated that this is indeed possible, however this approach encompasses a larger study area and provides a comparison of two methodologies, one destructive (acid digestion ICP-MS) and one non-destructive (pXRF). Acid digestion ICP-MS and pXRF are capable of detecting a range of elements in a given sample, although they each have specific advantages and disadvantages when applied to archaeological material. There are three main research questions that are addressed in this thesis: ● Determine geochemical composition of flint samples from primary chalk outcrops; ● Assess differences between flint from different chalk provinces; ● Compare acid digestion ICP-MS and pXRF in achieving these objectives. The results indicate that flint from the major areas of chalk geology in Britain and Ireland can be distinguished using the methodologies stated above. There are some difficulties in distinguishing between the Southern and Northern Ireland chalk province flint samples, however the samples from the Northern chalk province are very well differentiated. Archaeological assemblages chosen from throughout the study area and from a wide chronological span were sampled using pXRF and subjected to statistical analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of the Neolithic Along the Atlantic Coast of Continental Europe: a Survey
    Journal of World Prehistory, Vol. 13, No. 4, 1999 The Origins of the Neolithic Along the Atlantic Coast of Continental Europe: A Survey Pablo Arias1,2 The main aim of this work is to compare the processes of transition to the Neolithic along the Atlantic coasts of continental Europe. Archaeological data on the late Mesolithic and the early Neolithic in the best known regions (central and southern Portugal, Cantabrian Spain, Atlantic France, the shores of the North Sea, and southern Scandinavia) are discussed. The transition to the Neolithic in Atlantic Europe can be viewed as a relatively late phenome- non, with several interesting particularities. Among those, we point out the fundamentally indigenous character of the processes; the existence of a long availability phase, in which hunter-gatherer groups maintained contact with neighboring agriculturalists and probably were familiar with farming and animal husbandry without applying them in a systematic way; and the later development of megalithic monumental funerary architecture. Finally, the main hypotheses so far proposed to explain the change are contrasted with the available evidence: those that argue that the change derives from economic disequilibrium, and those that opt for the development of social inequality as the fundamental cause. KEY WORDS: Mesolithic; Neolithic; Europe; economy; social change. INTRODUCTION The study of the transition to the Neolithic is one of the classic issues in prehistory and has inspired some of the most animated debates in the 1Departamento de Ciencias Historicas, Universidad de Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. 2Correspondence should be addressed to the author at Departamento de Ciencias Historicas, Universidad de Cantabria, Av.
    [Show full text]