EMODnet Phase IV-Geology

Work Package 4: Sea-floor geology/geomorphology

WP 4 Vocabulary

Pre-Quaternary Quaternary Geomorphology

Asch K., Müller, A., Breuer, S., Gdaniec, P.,

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

June 2020

5. Juni 2020 [EMODNET IV: SEA-FLOOR GEOLOGY (WP 4)]

Contact

Dr. Kristine Asch Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany Phone: 0049 (0) 511 643 3324 E-mail: [email protected]

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Content 1. Introduction ...... 4 2. Terms & definitions ...... 4 2.1. Stratigraphy ...... 4 2.1.1. “Geochronologic Era Value” (age of the rock unit) ...... 4 2.1. Lithology ...... 10 2.1.1. “Geologic Unit Type Value” ...... 10 2.1.2. “Composition Part Role Value” ...... 11 2.1.3. “Lithology Value” ...... 12 2.1. Genesis ...... 24 2.1.1. “Event Environment”...... 24 2.1.2. “Event Process” ...... 32 2.2. Faults ...... 36 2.2.1. “Fault Type Value” (line feature) ...... 36 2.2.2. Structural feature status (line feature)...... 38 2.3. Geomorphology ...... 38 2.3.1. Geomorphology (line features) ...... 38 2.3.2. General Physiographic features (polygon features) ...... 38 2.3.3. Landforms / physiographic features (polygon features) ...... 38 2.3.4. Biogenic features ...... 43 2.3.5. Natural Geomorphologic Feature Type...... 44 2.3.6. Geomorphologic Activity ...... 49

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1. Introduction

This document provides the actualized, a common WP 4 vocabulary which consists of detailed lists of the properties, terms and definitions needed to describe the geological /geomorphological units within the three WP 4 datasets “pre-Quaternary geology”, “Quaternary geology” and marine “geomorphology”.

The WP 4 Vocabulary complements the separate WP 4 Guidelines and Technical Guidance document which gives an overview about the WP 4 work and describes the process to transform semantically the WP 4 data of each participant according to this vocabulary.

2. Terms & definitions

2.1. Stratigraphy

2.1.1. “Geochronologic Era Value” (age of the rock unit) [“INSPIRE Data Specifications on Geology”, 2013]

Name (Geochronologic Era Value) Parent Definition Phanerozoic - Phanerozoic (older bound-542 +/-1 Ma, younger bound-0.0 Ma) Cenozoic Phanerozoic Cenozoic (older bound-65.5 +/-0.3 Ma, younger bound-0.0 Ma) Quaternary Cenozoic Quaternary (older bound-2.588 Ma, younger bound-0.0 Ma) Holocene Quaternary Holocene (older bound-0.0117 Ma, younger bound-0.0 Ma) Meghalayan Holocene Meghalayan Stage (older bound 4250 yr b2k) Northgrippian Holocene Northgrippian Stage (older bound 8326 yr b2k) Greenlandian Holocene Greenlandian Stage (older bound 11,700 yr b2k) Pleistocene Quaternary Pleistocene (older bound-2.588 Ma, younger bound-0.0117 Ma) Weichselian Pleistocene Weichselian Eemian Pleistocene Eemian Saalian Pleistocene Saalian Holsteinian Pleistocene Holsteinian Elsterian Pleistocene Elsterian "Cromerian complex" Pleistocene "Cromerian complex" Bavelian Pleistocene Bavelian Upper Pleistocene Pleistocene Late/Upper Pleistocene (older bound-0.126 Ma, younger bound-0.0117 Ma) Ionian Pleistocene Ionian (older bound-0.781 Ma, younger bound-0.126 Ma) Calabrian Pleistocene Calabrian (older bound-1.806 Ma, younger bound-0.781 Ma) Gelasian Pleistocene Gelasian (older bound-2.588 Ma, younger bound-1.806 Ma) Neogene Cenozoic Neogene (older bound-23.03 Ma, younger bound-2.588 Ma) Pliocene Neogene Pliocene (older bound-5.332 Ma, younger bound-2.588 Ma)

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Name (Geochronologic Era Value) Parent Definition Piacenzian Pliocene Piacenzian (older bound-3.6 Ma, younger bound-2.588 Ma) Zanclean Pliocene Zanclean (older bound-5.332 Ma, younger bound-3.6 Ma) Miocene Neogene Miocene (older bound-23.03 Ma, younger bound-5.332 Ma) Messinian Miocene Messinian (older bound-7.246 Ma, younger bound-5.332 Ma) Tortonian Miocene Tortonian (older bound-11.608 Ma, younger bound-7.246 Ma) Serravallian Miocene Serravallian (older bound-13.82 Ma, younger bound-11.608 Ma) Langhian Miocene Langhian (older bound-15.97 Ma, younger bound-13.82 Ma) Burdigalian Miocene Burdigalian (older bound-20.43 Ma, younger bound-15.97 Ma) Aquitanian Miocene Aquitanian (older bound-23.03 Ma, younger bound-20.43 Ma) Paleogene Cenozoic Paleogene (older bound-65.5 +/-0.3 Ma, younger bound-23.03 Ma) Oligocene Paleogene Oligocene (older bound-33.9 +/-0.1 Ma, younger bound-23.03 Ma) Chattian Oligocene Chattian (older bound-28.4 +/-0.1 Ma, younger bound-23.03 Ma) Rupelian Oligocene Rupelian (older bound-33.9 +/-0.1 Ma, younger bound-28.4 +/-0.1 Ma) Eocene Paleogene Eocene (older bound-55.8 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-33.9 +/-0.1 Ma) Priabonian Eocene Priabonian (older bound-37.2 +/-0.1 Ma, younger bound-33.9 +/-0.1 Ma) Bartonian Eocene Bartonian (older bound-40.4 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-37.2 +/-0.1 Ma) Lutetian Eocene Lutetian (older bound-48.6 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-40.4 +/-0.2 Ma) Ypresian Eocene Ypresian (older bound-55.8 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-48.6 +/-0.2 Ma) Paleocene Paleogene Paleocene (older bound-65.5 +/-0.3 Ma, younger bound-55.8 +/-0.2 Ma) Thanetian Paleocene Thanetian (older bound-58.7 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-55.8 +/-0.2 Ma) Selandian Paleocene Selandian (older bound-61.1 Ma, younger bound-58.7 +/-0.2 Ma) Danian Paleocene Danian (older bound-65.5 +/-0.3 Ma, younger bound-61.1 Ma) Mesozoic Phanerozoic Mesozoic (older bound-251 +/-0.4 Ma, younger bound-65.5 +/-0.3 Ma) Cretaceous Mesozoic Cretaceous (older bound-145.5 +/-4 Ma, younger bound-65.5 +/-0.3 Ma) Late/Upper Cretaceous (older bound-99.6 +/-0.9 Ma, younger bound-65.5 +/-0.3 Cretaceous Upper Cretaceous Ma) Maastrichtian Upper Cretaceous Maastrichtian (older bound-70.6 +/-0.6 Ma, younger bound-65.5 +/-0.3 Ma) Campanian Upper Cretaceous Campanian (older bound-83.5 +/-0.7 Ma, younger bound-70.6 +/-0.6 Ma) Santonian Upper Cretaceous Santonian (older bound-85.8 +/-0.7 Ma, younger bound-83.5 +/-0.7 Ma) Coniacian Upper Cretaceous Coniacian (older bound-88.6 Ma, younger bound-85.8 +/-0.7 Ma) Turonian Upper Cretaceous Turonian (older bound-93.6 +/-0.8 Ma, younger bound-88.6 Ma) Cenomanian Upper Cretaceous Cenomanian (older bound-99.6 +/-0.9 Ma, younger bound-93.6 +/-0.8 Ma) Early/Lower Cretaceous (older bound-145.5 +/-4 Ma, younger bound-99.6 +/-0.9 Cretaceous Lower Cretaceous Ma) Albian Lower Cretaceous Albian (older bound-112 +/-1 Ma, younger bound-99.6 +/-0.9 Ma) Aptian Lower Cretaceous Aptian (older bound-125 +/-1 Ma, younger bound-112 +/-1 Ma) Barremian Lower Cretaceous Barremian (older bound-130 +/-1.5 Ma, younger bound-125 +/-1 Ma) Hauterivian Lower Cretaceous Hauterivian (older bound-133.9 Ma, younger bound-130 +/-1.5 Ma) Valanginian Lower Cretaceous Valanginian (older bound-140.2 +/-3 Ma, younger bound-133.9 Ma) Berriasian Lower Cretaceous Berriasian (older bound-145.5 +/-4 Ma, younger bound-140.2 +/-3 Ma) Jurassic Mesozoic Jurassic (older bound-199.6 +/-0.6 Ma, younger bound-145.5 +/-4 Ma) Upper Jurassic Jurassic Late/Upper Jurassic (older bound-161.2 +/-4 Ma, younger bound-145.5 +/-4 Ma) Tithonian Upper Jurassic Tithonian (older bound-150.8 +/-4 Ma, younger bound-145.5 +/-4 Ma) Kimmeridgian Upper Jurassic Kimmeridgian (older bound-155.6 Ma, younger bound-150.8 +/-4 Ma) Oxfordian Upper Jurassic Oxfordian (older bound-161.2 +/-4 Ma, younger bound-155.6 Ma) 5

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Name (Geochronologic Era Value) Parent Definition Middle Jurassic Jurassic Middle Jurassic (older bound-175.6 +/-2 Ma, younger bound-161.2 +/-4 Ma) Callovian Middle Jurassic Callovian (older bound-164.7 +/-4 Ma, younger bound-161.2 +/-4 Ma) Bathonian Middle Jurassic Bathonian (older bound-167.7 +/-3.5 Ma, younger bound-164.7 +/-4 Ma) Bajocian Middle Jurassic Bajocian (older bound-171.6 +/-3 Ma, younger bound-167.7 +/-3.5 Ma) Aalenian Middle Jurassic Aalenian (older bound-175.6 +/-2 Ma, younger bound-171.6 +/-3 Ma) Lower Jurassic Jurassic Early/Lower Jurassic (older bound-199.6 +/-0.6 Ma, younger bound-175.6 +/-2 Ma) Toarcian Lower Jurassic Toarcian (older bound-183 +/-1.5 Ma, younger bound-175.6 +/-2 Ma) Pliensbachian Lower Jurassic Pliensbachian (older bound-189.6 +/-1.5 Ma, younger bound-183 +/-1.5 Ma) Sinemurian Lower Jurassic Sinemurian (older bound-196.5 +/-1 Ma, younger bound-189.6 +/-1.5 Ma) Hettangian Lower Jurassic Hettangian (older bound-199.6 +/-0.6 Ma, younger bound-196.5 +/-1 Ma) Triassic Mesozoic Triassic (older bound-251 +/-0.4 Ma, younger bound-199.6 +/-0.6 Ma) Upper Triassic Triassic Late/Upper Triassic (older bound-228.7 Ma, younger bound-199.6 +/-0.6 Ma) Rhaetian Upper Triassic Rhaetian (older bound-203.6 +/-1.5 Ma, younger bound-199.6 +/-0.6 Ma) Norian Upper Triassic Norian (older bound-216.5 +/-2 Ma, younger bound-203.6 +/-1.5 Ma) Carnian Upper Triassic Carnian (older bound-228.7 Ma, younger bound-216.5 +/-2 Ma) Middle Triassic Triassic Middle Triassic (older bound-245.9 Ma, younger bound-228.7 Ma) Ladinian Middle Triassic Ladinian (older bound-237 +/-2 Ma, younger bound-228.7 Ma) Anisian Middle Triassic Anisian (older bound-245.9 Ma, younger bound-237 +/-2 Ma) Lower Triassic Triassic Early/Lower Triassic (older bound-251 +/-0.4 Ma, younger bound-245.9 Ma) Olenekian Lower Triassic Olenekian (older bound-249.5 Ma, younger bound-245.9 Ma) Induan Lower Triassic Induan (older bound-251 +/-0.4 Ma, younger bound-249.5 Ma) Paleozoic Phanerozoic Paleozoic (older bound-542 +/-1 Ma, younger bound-251 +/-0.4 Ma) Permian Paleozoic Permian (older bound-299 +/-0.8 Ma, younger bound-251 +/-0.4 Ma) Lopingian Permian Lopingian (older bound-260.4 +/-0.7 Ma, younger bound-251 +/-0.4 Ma) Changhsingian Lopingian Changhsingian (older bound-253.8 +/-0.7 Ma, younger bound-251 +/-0.4 Ma) Wuchiapingian Lopingian Wuchiapingian (older bound-260.4 +/-0.7 Ma, younger bound-253.8 +/-0.7 Ma) Guadalupian Permian Guadalupian (older bound-270.6 +/-0.7 Ma, younger bound-260.4 +/-0.7 Ma) Capitanian Guadalupian Capitanian (older bound-265.8 +/-0.7 Ma, younger bound-260.4 +/-0.7 Ma) Wordian Guadalupian Wordian (older bound-268 +/-0.7 Ma, younger bound-265.8 +/-0.7 Ma) Roadian Guadalupian Roadian (older bound-270.6 +/-0.7 Ma, younger bound-268 +/-0.7 Ma) Cisuralian Permian Cisuralian (older bound-299 +/-0.8 Ma, younger bound-270.6 +/-0.7 Ma) Kungurian Cisuralian Kungurian (older bound-275.6 +/-0.7 Ma, younger bound-270.6 +/-0.7 Ma) Artinskian Cisuralian Artinskian (older bound-284.4 +/-0.7 Ma, younger bound-275.6 +/-0.7 Ma) Sakmarian Cisuralian Sakmarian (older bound-294.6 +/-0.8 Ma, younger bound-284.4 +/-0.7 Ma) Asselian Cisuralian Asselian (older bound-299 +/-0.8 Ma, younger bound-294.6 +/-0.8 Ma) Carboniferous Paleozoic Carboniferous (older bound-359.2 +/-2.5 Ma, younger bound-299 +/-0.8 Ma) Pennsylvanian Carboniferous Pennsylvanian (older bound-318.1 +/-1.3 Ma, younger bound-299 +/-0.8 Ma) Late/Upper Pennsylvanian (older bound-307.2 +/-1 Ma, younger bound-299 +/-0.8 Pennsylvanian Upper Pennsylvanian Ma) Upper Gzhelian Pennsylvanian Gzhelian (older bound-303.4 +/-0.9 Ma, younger bound-299 +/-0.8 Ma) Upper Kasimovian Pennsylvanian Kasimovian (older bound-307.2 +/-1 Ma, younger bound-303.4 +/-0.9 Ma) Moscovian Pennsylvanian Moscovian (older bound-311.7 +/-1.1 Ma, younger bound-307.2 +/-1 Ma) Bashkirian Pennsylvanian Bashkirian (older bound-318.1 +/-1.3 Ma, younger bound-311.7 +/-1.1 Ma) Mississippian Pennsylvanian Mississippian (older bound-359.2 +/-2.5 Ma, younger bound-318.1 +/-1.3 Ma) 6

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Name (Geochronologic Era Value) Parent Definition Serpukhovian Mississippian Serpukhovian (older bound-328.3 +/-1.6 Ma, younger bound-318.1 +/-1.3 Ma) Visean Mississippian Visean (older bound-345.3 +/-2.1 Ma, younger bound-328.3 +/-1.6 Ma) Tournaisian Mississippian Tournaisian (older bound-359.2 +/-2.5 Ma, younger bound-345.3 +/-2.1 Ma) Devonian Paleozoic Devonian (older bound-416 +/-2.8 Ma, younger bound-359.2 +/-2.5 Ma) Late/Upper Devonian (older bound-385.3 +/-2.6 Ma, younger bound-359.2 +/-2.5 Devonian Upper Devonian Ma) Famennian Upper Devonian Famennian (older bound-374.5 +/-2.6 Ma, younger bound-359.2 +/-2.5 Ma) Frasnian Upper Devonian Frasnian (older bound-385.3 +/-2.6 Ma, younger bound-374.5 +/-2.6 Ma) Middle Devonian Devonian Middle Devonian (older bound-397.5 +/-2.7 Ma, younger bound-385.3 +/-2.6 Ma) Givetian Middle Devonian Givetian (older bound-391.8 +/-2.7 Ma, younger bound-385.3 +/-2.6 Ma) Eifelian Middle Devonian Eifelian (older bound-397.5 +/-2.7 Ma, younger bound-391.8 +/-2.7 Ma) Lower Devonian Devonian Early/Lower Devonian (older bound-416 +/-2.8 Ma, younger bound-397.5 +/-2.7 Ma) Emsian Lower Devonian Emsian (older bound-407 +/-2.8 Ma, younger bound-397.5 +/-2.7 Ma) Pragian Lower Devonian Pragian (older bound-411.2 +/-2.8 Ma, younger bound-407 +/-2.8 Ma) Lochkovian Lower Devonian Lochkovian (older bound-416 +/-2.8 Ma, younger bound-411.2 +/-2.8 Ma) Silurian Paleozoic Silurian (older bound-443.7 +/-1.5 Ma, younger bound-416 +/-2.8 Ma) Pridoli Silurian Pridoli (older bound-418.7 +/-2.7 Ma, younger bound-416 +/-2.8 Ma) Ludlow Silurian Ludlow (older bound-422.9 +/-2.5 Ma, younger bound-418.7 +/-2.7 Ma) Ludfordian Ludlow Ludfordian (older bound-421.3 +/-2.6 Ma, younger bound-418.7 +/-2.7 Ma) Gorstian Ludlow Gorstian (older bound-422.9 +/-2.5 Ma, younger bound-421.3 +/-2.6 Ma) Wenlock Silurian Wenlock (older bound-428.2 +/-2.3 Ma, younger bound-422.9 +/-2.5 Ma) Homerian Wenlock Homerian (older bound-426.2 +/-2.4 Ma, younger bound-422.9 +/-2.5 Ma) Sheinwoodian Wenlock Sheinwoodian (older bound-428.2 +/-2.3 Ma, younger bound-426.2 +/-2.4 Ma) Llandovery Silurian Llandovery (older bound-443.7 +/-1.5 Ma, younger bound-428.2 +/-2.3 Ma) Telychian Llandovery Telychian (older bound-436 +/-1.9 Ma, younger bound-428.2 +/-2.3 Ma) Aeronian Llandovery Aeronian (older bound-439 +/-1.8 Ma, younger bound-436 +/-1.9 Ma) Rhuddanian Llandovery Rhuddanian (older bound-443.7 +/-1.5 Ma, younger bound-439 +/-1.8 Ma) Ordovician Paleozoic Ordovician (older bound-488.3 +/-1.7 Ma, younger bound-443.7 +/-1.5 Ma) Late/Upper Ordovician (older bound-460.9 +/-1.6 Ma, younger bound-443.7 +/-1.5 Ordovician Upper Ordovician Ma) Hirnantian Upper Ordovician Hirnantian (older bound-445.6 +/-1.5 Ma, younger bound-443.7 +/-1.5 Ma) Katian Upper Ordovician Katian (older bound-455.8 +/-1.6 Ma, younger bound-445.6 +/-1.5 Ma) Sandbian Upper Ordovician Sandbian (older bound-460.9 +/-1.6 Ma, younger bound-455.8 +/-1.6 Ma) Middle Ordovician Ordovician Middle Ordovician (older bound-471.8 +/-1.6 Ma, younger bound-460.9 +/-1.6 Ma) Middle Darriwilian Ordovician Darriwilian (older bound-468.1 +/-1.6 Ma, younger bound-460.9 +/-1.6 Ma) Middle Dapingian Ordovician Dapingian (older bound-471.8 +/-1.6 Ma, younger bound-468.1 +/-1.6 Ma) Early/Lower Ordovician (older bound-488.3 +/-1.7 Ma, younger bound-471.8 +/-1.6 Ordovician Lower Ordovician Ma) Floian Lower Ordovician Floian (older bound-478.6 +/-1.7 Ma, younger bound-471.8 +/-1.6 Ma) Tremadocian Lower Ordovician Tremadocian (older bound-488.3 +/-1.7 Ma, younger bound-478.6 +/-1.7 Ma) Cambrian Paleozoic Cambrian (older bound-542 +/-1 Ma, younger bound-488.3 +/-1.7 Ma) Furongian Cambrian Furongian (older bound-499.0 Ma, younger bound-488.3 +/-1.7 Ma) Cambrian-Stage 10 Furongian Cambrian-Stage 10 (older bound-492.0 Ma, younger bound-488.3 +/-1.7 Ma) Cambrian-Stage 9 Furongian Cambrian-Stage 9 (older bound-496.0 Ma, younger bound-492.0 Ma) Paibian Furongian Paibian (older bound-499.0 Ma, younger bound-496.0 Ma)

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Name (Geochronologic Era Value) Parent Definition Cambrian-Series 3 Cambrian Cambrian-Series 3 (older bound-510.0 Ma, younger bound-499.0 Ma) Guzhangian Cambrian-Series 3 Guzhangian (older bound-503.0 Ma, younger bound-499.0 Ma) Drumian Cambrian-Series 3 Drumian (older bound-506.5 Ma, younger bound-503.0 Ma) Cambrian-Series 3-Stage 5 Cambrian-Series 3 Cambrian-Series 3-Stage 5 (older bound-510.0 Ma, younger bound-506.5 Ma) Cambrian-Series 2 Cambrian Cambrian-Series 2 (older bound-521.0 Ma, younger bound-510.0 Ma) Cambrian-Stage 4 Cambrian-Series 2 Cambrian-Stage 4 (older bound-515.0 Ma, younger bound-510.0 Ma) Cambrian-Stage 3 Cambrian-Series 2 Cambrian-Stage 3 (older bound-521.0 Ma, younger bound-515.0 Ma) Terreneuvian Cambrian Terreneuvian (older bound-542 +/-1 Ma, younger bound-521.0 Ma) Cambrian-Stage 2 Terreneuvian Cambrian-Stage 2 (older bound-528.0 Ma, younger bound-521.0 Ma) Fortunian Terreneuvian Fortunian (older bound-542 +/-1 Ma, younger bound-528.0 Ma) Precambrian Precambrian (older bound-4600.0 Ma, younger bound-542.0 Ma) Proterozoic Precambrian Proterozoic (older bound-2500.0 Ma, younger bound-542.0 Ma) Neoproterozoic Proterozoic Neoproterozoic (older bound-1000.0 Ma, younger bound-542.0 Ma) Ediacaran Neoproterozoic Ediacaran (older bound-635.0 Ma, younger bound-542.0 Ma) Cryogenian Neoproterozoic Cryogenian (older bound-850.0 Ma, younger bound-635.0 Ma) Tonian Neoproterozoic Tonian (older bound-1000.0 Ma, younger bound-850.0 Ma) Tonian 2 * Tonian Tonian 2 * (older bound-910.0 Ma, younger bound-850.0 Ma) Tonian 1 * Tonian Tonian 1 * (older bound-1000.0 Ma, younger bound-910.0 Ma) Mesoproterozoic Proterozoic Mesoproterozoic (older bound-1600.0 Ma, younger bound-1000.0 Ma) Stenian Mesoproterozoic Stenian (older bound-1200.0 Ma, younger bound-1000.0 Ma) Stenian 2 * Stenian Stenian 2 * (older bound-1130.0 Ma, younger bound-1000.0 Ma) Stenian 1 * Stenian Stenian 1 * (older bound-1200.0 Ma, younger bound-1130.0 Ma) Ectasian Mesoproterozoic Ectasian (older bound-1400.0 Ma, younger bound-1200.0 Ma) Ectasian 4 * Ectasian Ectasian 4 * (older bound-1250.0 Ma, younger bound-1200.0 Ma) Ectasian 3 * Ectasian Ectasian 3 * (older bound-1270.0 Ma, younger bound-1250.0 Ma) Ectasian 2 * Ectasian Ectasian 2 * (older bound-1360.0 Ma, younger bound-1270.0 Ma) Ectasian 1 * Ectasian Ectasian 1 * (older bound-1400.0 Ma, younger bound-1360.0 Ma) Calymmian Mesoproterozoic Calymmian (older bound-1600.0 Ma, younger bound-1400.0 Ma) Calymmian 4 * Calymmian Calymmian 4 * (older bound-1440.0 Ma, younger bound-1400.0 Ma) Calymmian 3 * Calymmian Calymmian 3 * (older bound-1470.0 Ma, younger bound-1440.0 Ma) Calymmian 2 * Calymmian Calymmian 2 * (older bound-1520.0 Ma, younger bound-1470.0 Ma) Calymmian 1 * Calymmian Calymmian 1 * (older bound-1600.0 Ma, younger bound-1520.0 Ma) Paleoproterozoic Proterozoic Paleoproterozoic (older bound-2500.0 Ma, younger bound-1600.0 Ma) Statherian Paleoproterozoic Statherian (older bound-1800.0 Ma, younger bound-1600.0 Ma) Statherian 4 * Statherian Statherian 4 * (older bound-1660.0 Ma, younger bound-1600.0 Ma) Statherian 3 * Statherian Statherian 3 * (older bound-1740.0 Ma, younger bound-1660.0 Ma) Statherian 2 * Statherian Statherian 2 * (older bound-1770.0 Ma, younger bound-1740.0 Ma) Statherian 1 * Statherian Statherian 1 * (older bound-1800.0 Ma, younger bound-1770.0 Ma) Orosirian Paleoproterozoic Orosirian (older bound-2050.0 Ma, younger bound-1800.0 Ma) Orosirian 7 * Orosirian Orosirian 7 * (older bound-1820.0 Ma, younger bound-1800.0 Ma) Orosirian 6 * Orosirian Orosirian 6 * (older bound-1840.0 Ma, younger bound-1820.0 Ma) Orosirian 5 * Orosirian Orosirian 5 * (older bound-1870.0 Ma, younger bound-1840.0 Ma) Orosirian 4 * Orosirian Orosirian 4 * (older bound-1880.0 Ma, younger bound-1870.0 Ma) Orosirian 3 * Orosirian Orosirian 3 * (older bound-1920.0 Ma, younger bound-1880.0 Ma) 8

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Name (Geochronologic Era Value) Parent Definition Orosirian 2 * Orosirian Orosirian 2 * (older bound-1960.0 Ma, younger bound-1920.0 Ma) Orosirian 1 * Orosirian Orosirian 1 * (older bound-2050.0 Ma, younger bound-1960.0 Ma) Rhyacian Paleoproterozoic Rhyacian (older bound-2300.0 Ma, younger bound-2050.0 Ma) Siderian Paleoproterozoic Siderian (older bound-2500.0 Ma, younger bound-2300.0 Ma) Siderian 2 * Siderian Siderian 2 * (older bound-2400.0 Ma, younger bound-2300.0 Ma) Siderian 1 * Siderian Siderian 1 * (older bound-2500.0 Ma, younger bound-2400.0 Ma) Archean Precambrian Archean (older bound-4000.0 Ma, younger bound-2500.0 Ma) Neoarchean Archean Neoarchean (older bound-2800.0 Ma, younger bound-2500.0 Ma) Neoarchean 2 * Neoarchean Neoarchean 2 * (older bound-2650.0 Ma, younger bound-2500.0 Ma) Neoarchean 1 * Neoarchean Neoarchean 1 * (older bound-2800.0 Ma, younger bound-2650.0 Ma) Mesoarchean Archean Mesoarchean (older bound-3200.0 Ma, younger bound-2800.0 Ma) Paleoarchean Archean Paleoarchean (older bound-3600.0 Ma, younger bound-3200.0 Ma) Eoarchean Archean Eoarchean (older bound-4000.0 Ma, younger bound-3600.0 Ma) Hadean (informal) Precambrian Hadean (informal Ma) (older bound-4600.0 Ma, younger bound-4000.0 Ma)

Source:

INSPIRE Thematic Working Group Geology (2013): D2.8.II.4 INSPIRE Data Specification on Geology – Technical Guidelines. European Commission Joint Research Centre (Ispra). P 209 ff https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/documents/Data_Specifications/INSPIRE_DataSpecification_GE_v3.0.pdf

The relevant INSPIRE codelist you will find here: http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/GeochronologicEraValue

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Quaternary time scale matrix as agreed at the IQUAME Vienna workshop 2012

2.1. Lithology

2.1.1. “Geologic Unit Type Value” [“INSPIRE Data Specifications on Geology”, 2013]

Name Definition allostratigraphic unit Geologic unit defined by bounding surfaces. Not necessarily stratified. alteration unit Geologic unit defined by alteration process. Geologic unit defined by genesis involving direct human action to deposit or modify artificial ground material. biostratigraphic unit Geologic unit defined based on fossil content. chronostratigraphic unit Geologic unit that includes all rocks formed during a specific interval of geologic time Lithotectonic unit defined by deformation style or characteristic geologic structure deformation unit observable in outcrop. excavation unit Geologic unit defined by human-made genesis involving excavation. Type of geologic unit that is unknown, unspecified, irrelevant, or some type not included geologic unit in the vocabulary. geophysical unit Geologic unit defined by its geophysical characteristics. lithodemic unit Lithostratigraphic unit that lacks stratification. Geologic unit defined by genesis. The genesis is manifested by material properties, but lithogenetic unit the material is not the defining property. lithologic unit Geologic unit defined by lithology independent of relationships to other units. Geologic unit defined on the basis of observable and distinctive lithologic properties or lithostratigraphic unit combination of lithologic properties and stratigraphic relationships. 10

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Name Definition Geologic unit defined on basis of structural or deformation features, mutual relations, origin or historical evolution. Contained material may be igneous, sedimentary, or lithotectonic unit metamorphic. magnetostratigraphic unit Geologic unit defined by magnetic characteristics. Geologic unit produced by gravity driven, down-slope displacement of material, and characterized by the type of movement giving rise to the deposit, and by how the mass movement unit individual movement types present in the deposit are related in time and space. Geologic unit that represents a single pedologic horizon in a sequence of strata pedostratigraphic unit (consolidated or non-consolidated). Geologic unit defined by primary magnetic-polarity record imposed when the rock was polarity chronostratigraphic unit deposited or crystallized during a specific interval of geologic time.

Source:

INSPIRE Thematic Working Group Geology (2013): D2.8.II.4 INSPIRE Data Specification on Geology – Technical Guidelines. European Commission Joint Research Centre (Ispra). P. 230 ff https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/documents/Data_Specifications/INSPIRE_DataSpecification_GE_v3.0.pdf

The relevant INSPIRE codelist you will find here: http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/GeologicUnitTypeValue

2.1.2. “Composition Part Role Value” [“INSPIRE Data Specifications on Geology”, 2013]

Name Definition Represents a particular body of rock that is a lateral variant of a lithostratigraphic unit, or facies a variant of a lithodemic unit. Geologic unit constituent is present as masses with generally sharp boundaries enclosed inclusion within a matrix of some other material. A kind of rock body that has multiple occurrences in a single geologic unit. A mass of rock lithosome of uniform character, characterized by geometry, composition, and internal structure. only part Entire described unit consists of a single part or constituent. part of The geologic unit part role is not known in any greater detail. A geologic unit part that occupies a particular stratigraphic position within a geologic stratigraphic part unit. unspecified part role Geologic unit part with unspecified role.

Source:

INSPIRE Thematic Working Group Geology (2013): D2.8.II.4 INSPIRE Data Specification on Geology – Technical Guidelines. European Commission Joint Research Centre (Ispra). P. 178 ff https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/documents/Data_Specifications/INSPIRE_DataSpecification_GE_v3.0.pdf

The relevant INSPIRE codelist you will find here: http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/CompositionPartRoleValue

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2.1.3. “Lithology Value” [“INSPIRE Data Specifications on Geology”, 2013]

Label (Lithology) parent Definition Lithology value acidic igneous material igneous material Igneous material with more than 63 percent SiO2. acidic igneous rock acidic igneous Igneous rock with more than 63 percent SiO2. material alkali feldspar granite granitoid Granitic rock that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.1. QAPF field 2. alkali feldspar rhyolite rhyolitoid Rhyolitoid in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.1. QAPF field 2. alkali feldspar syenite alkali feldspar Alkali feldspar syenitic rock that contains 0-5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid in syenitic rock the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6. alkali feldspar syenitic rock syenitoid Syenitoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio of less than 0.1. QAPF fields 6, 6*, and 6'. alkali feldspar trachyte alkali feldspar Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.1, between 0 and trachytic rock 5 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and no feldspathoid minerals. QAPF field 6. alkali feldspar trachytic trachytoid Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.1. QAPF fields 6, rock 6', and 6*. alkali olivine basalt basalt Alkali olivine basalt is silica-undersaturated, characterized by the absence of orthopyroxene, absence of quartz, presence of olivine, and typically contains some feldspathoid mineral, alkali feldspar or phlogopite in the groundmass. Feldspar phenocrysts typically are labradorite to andesine in composition. Augite is rich in titanium compared to augite in tholeiitic basalt. Alkali olivine basalt is relatively rich in sodium. amphibolite metamorphic rock Metamorphic rock mainly consisting of green, brown or black amphibole and plagioclase (including albite), which combined form 75 percent or more of the rock, and both of which are present as major constituents. The amphibole constitutes 50 percent or more of the total mafic constituents and is present in an amount of 30 percent or more; other common minerals include quartz, clinopyroxene, garnet, epidote-group minerals, biotite, titanite and scapolite. andesite fine grained igneous Fine-grained igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent rock feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field O2 as andesite. Basalt and andesite, which share the same QAPF fields, are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight. Typically consists of plagioclase (frequently zoned from labradorite to oligoclase), pyroxene, hornblende and/or biotite. Fine grained equivalent of dioritic rock. anorthosite anorthositic rock Anorthositic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10. anorthositic rock phaneritic igneous Leucocratic phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase, rock often with small amounts of pyroxene. By definition, colour index M is less than 10, and plagiclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.9. Less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10, 10*, and 10'. anthracite coal Coal that has vitrinite mean random reflectance greater than 2.0% (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5). Less than 12-14 percent volatiles (dry, ash free), greater than 91 percent fixed carbon (dry, ash free basis). The highest rank coal; very hard, glossy, black, with semimetallic luster, semi conchoidal fracture. anthropogenic anthropogenic Consolidated material known to have artificial (human-related) origin. consolidated material material anthropogenic material compound material Material known to have artificial (human-related) origin; insufficient information to classify in more detail. anthropogenic anthropogenic Unconsolidated material known to have artificial (human-related) origin. unconsolidated material material aphanite rock Rock that is too fine grained to categorize in more detail. aplite phaneritic igneous Light coloured crystalline rock, characterized by a fine grained allotriomorphic- rock granular (aplitic, saccharoidal or xenomorphic) texture; typically, granitic composition, consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and sodic plagioclase. arenit sandstone Clastic sandstone that contains less than 10 percent matrix. Matrix is mud-size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products) of detrital or diagenetic nature.

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Label (Lithology) parent Definition Lithology value ash and lapilli tephra Tephra in which less than 25 percent of fragments are greater than 64 mm in longest dimension. ash breccia, bomb, or tephra Tephra in which more than 25 percent of particles are greater than 64 mm in block tephra largest dimension. Includes ash breccia, bomb tephra and block tephra of Gillespie and Styles (1999). ash tuff, lapillistone, and pyroclastic rock Pyroclastic rock in which less than 25 percent of rock by volume are more than 64 lapilli tuff mm in longest diameter. Includes tuff, lapilli tuff, and lapillistone. basalt basic igneous rock Fine-grained or porphyritic igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz, and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Typically composed of calcic plagioclase and clinopyroxene; phenocrysts typically include one or more of calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field B as basalt. Basalt and andesite are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight. basanite tephritoid Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9, and contains more than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine. basanitic foidite foiditoid Foiditoid that contains less than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio that is greater than 0.5, with greater than 10 percent normative olivine. basic igneous material igneous material Igneous material with between 45 and 52 percent SiO2. basic igneous rock basic igneous Igneous rock with between 45 and 52 percent SiO2. material bauxite material formed in Highly aluminous material containing abundant aluminium hydroxides (gibbsite, surficial less commonly boehmite, diaspore) and aluminium-substituted iron oxides or environment hydroxides and generally minor or negligible kaolin minerals; may contain up to 20 percent quartz. Commonly has a pisolitic or nodular texture, and may be cemented. biogenic sediment sediment Sediment composed of greater than 50 percent material of biogenic origin. Because the biogenic material may be skeletal remains that are not organic, all biogenic sediment is not necessarily organic-rich. biogenic silica sedimentary non-clastic siliceous Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, rock sedimentary rock deposited directly by biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by biological processes within the basin of deposition. bitumen A composite material composed primarily of bitumen and mineral aggregates, e.g. gravel. bituminous coal coal Coal that has vitrinite mean random reflectance greater than 0.6% and less than 2.0% (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5), or has a gross calorific value greater than 24 MJ/kg (determined in conformance with ISO 1928). Hard, black, organic rich sedimentary rock; contains less than 91 percent fixed carbon on a dry, mineral-matter-free basis, and greater than 13-14 percent volatiles (dry, ash free). Formed from the compaction or induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits. boninite andesite Andesitic rock that contains more than 8 percent MgO. Typically consists of phenocrysts of protoenstatite, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and olivine in a glassy base full of crystallites, and exhibits textures characterisitc of rapid crystal growth. boulder gravel size gravel size sediment Sediment containing greater than 30 percent boulder-size particles (greater than sediment 256 mm in diameter) boundstone carbonate Sedimentary carbonate rock with preserved biogenic texture, whose original sedimentary rock components were bound and encrusted together during deposition by the action of plants and animals during deposition, and remained substantially in the position of growth. breccia compound material Coarse-grained material composed of angular broken rock fragments; the fragments typically have sharp edges and unworn corners. breccia-gouge series fault-related Fault material with features such as void spaces (filled or unfilled), or material unconsolidated matrix material between fragments, indicating loss of cohesion during deformation. Includes fault-related breccia and gouge. building rubble Material of various size originating from broken down buildings or former road coatings calcareous carbonate calcareous Carbonate sediment with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 sediment carbonate to 1. Includes lime-sediments. sedimentary material calcareous carbonate carbonate Carbonate sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state with a calcite sedimentary material sedimentary (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes lime-sediments, material limestone and dolomitic limestone.

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Label (Lithology) parent Definition Lithology value calcareous carbonate calcareous Carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater sedimentary rock carbonate than 1 to 1. Includes limestone and dolomitic limestone. sedimentary material carbonate mud carbonate sediment Carbonate sediment composed of less than 25 percent clasts that have a maximum diameter more than 2 mm, and the ratio of sand size to mud size clasts is less than one. carbonate mudstone carbonate Mudstone that consists of greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals of any origin sedimentary rock in the mud size fraction. carbonate ooze carbonate mud ooze that consists of more than 50 percent carbonate skeletal remains carbonate rich mud mud size sediment Mud size sediment that contains between 10 and 50 percent carbonate minerals in any size fraction. Carbonate origin is not specified. carbonate rich mudstone generic mudstone Mudstone that contains between 10 and 50 percent carbonate minerals in the mud size fraction. Carbonate origin is not specified. carbonate sediment carbonate Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized sedimentary constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, material aragonite and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin. carbonate sedimentary sedimentary Sedimentary material in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or material material recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin. carbonate sedimentary carbonate Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized rock sedimentary constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, material aragonite, magnesite or dolomite. carbonate wackestone carbonate Carbonate sedimentary rock with discernible mud supported depositional texture sedimentary rock and containing greater than 10 percent allochems, and constituent particles are of intrabasinal origin. If particles are not intrabasinal, categorization as a mudstone or wackestone should be considered. carbonatite exotic composition Igneous rock composed of more than 50 percent modal carbonate minerals. igneous rock cataclasite series composite genesis Fault-related rock that maintained primary cohesion during deformation, with rock matrix comprising greater than 10 percent of rock mass; matrix is fine-grained material formed through grain size reduction by fracture as opposed to crystal plastic process that operate in mylonitic rock. Includes cataclasite, protocataclasite and ultracataclasite. chalk limestone A generally soft, white, very fine-grained, extremely pure, porous limestone. It forms under marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of skeletal elements from minute planktonic green algae (cocoliths), associated with varying proportions of larger microscopic fragments of bivalves, foraminifera and ostracods. It is common to find flint and chert nodules embedded in chalk. chemical sedimentary sedimentary Sedimentary material that consists of at least 50 percent material produced by material material inorganic chemical processes within the basin of deposition. Includes inorganic siliceous, carbonate, evaporite, iron-rich, and phosphatic sediment classes. chlorite actinolite epidote metamorphic rock Metamorphic rock characterized by 50 percent or more of combined chlorite, metamorphic rock actinolite and epidote. Category for rocks generally named greenschist or greenstone. clastic sediment clastic sedimentary Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived material from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity. clastic sedimentary sedimentary Sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state in which at least 50 material material percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity. clastic sedimentary rock clastic sedimentary Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were material derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity. clay mud Mud that consists of greater than 50 percent particles with grain size less than 0.004 mm. claystone mudstone Mudstone that contains no detectable silt, inferred to consist virtually entirely of clay-size particles. coal organic rich A consolidated organic sedimentary material having less than 75% moisture. This sedimentary rock category includes low, medium, and high rank coals according to International Classification of In-Seam Coal (United Nations, 1998), thus including lignite. Sapropelic coal is not distinguished in this category from humic coals. Formed from the compaction or induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits.

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Label (Lithology) parent Definition Lithology value cobble gravel size gravel size sediment Sediment containing greater than 30 percent cobble-size particles (64-256 mm in sediment diameter). composite genesis compound material Material of unspecified consolidation state formed by geological modification of material pre-existing materials outside the realm of igneous and sedimentary processes. composite genesis rock composite genesis Rock formed by geological modification of pre-existing rocks outside the realm of material igneous and sedimentary processes. compound material An Earth Material composed of an aggregation of particles of Earth Material, possibly including other Compound Materials. concrete Hardening composite construction material composed primarily of coarse gravel, cement and water. conglomerate clastic sedimentary Clastic sedimentary rock composed of at least 30 percent rounded to subangular rock fragments larger than 2 mm in diameter; typically contains finer grained material in interstices between larger fragments. If more than 15 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wackestone. If rock has unsorted or poorly sorted texture with a wide range of particle sizes, may also be categorized as diamictite. crystalline carbonate carbonate Carbonate rock of indeterminate mineralogy in which diagenetic processes have sedimentary rock obliterated any original depositional texture. dacite acidic igneous rock Fine grained or porphyritic crystalline rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 4 and 5 or chemically in TAS Field O3. Typcially composed of quartz and sodic plagioclase with minor amounts of biotite and/or hornblende and/or pyroxene; fine-grained equivalent of granodiorite and tonalite. diamictite clastic sedimentary Unsorted or poorly sorted, clastic sedimentary rock with a wide range of particle rock sizes including a muddy matrix. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone based on polymodality and lack of structures related to transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or water. If more than 10 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wacke. diamicton clastic sediment Unsorted or poorly sorted, clastic sediment with a wide range of particle sizes, including a muddy matrix. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone based on polymodality and lack of structures related to transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or water. Assignment to an other size class can be used in conjunction to indicate the dominant grain size. diorite dioritic rock Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite; colour index M less than 90, sodic plagioclase (An0-An50), no feldspathoid, and between 0 and 5 percent quartz. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 10 as diorite. dioritic rock dioritoid Phaneritic crystalline rock with M less than 90, consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite. A dioritoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio (in the QAPF fraction) greater than 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 10, 10' and 10*. dioritoid intermediate Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting of intermediate composition igneous plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite. rock Plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater that 0.65, and anorthite content of plagioclase is less than 50 percent. Less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 (and their subdivisions). doleritic rock igneous rock Dark colored gabbroic (basaltic) or dioritic (andesitic) rock intermediate in grain size between basalt and gabbro and composed of plagioclase, pyroxene and opaque minerals; often with ophitic texture. Typically occurs as hypabyssal intrusions. Includes dolerite, microdiorite, diabase and microgabbro. dolomite dolomitic or Pure carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite magnesian (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. sedimentary rock dolomitic or magnesian carbonate Carbonate sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation degree with a ratio of sedimentary material sedimentary magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. Includes material dolomite sediment, dolostone, lime dolostone and magnesite-stone. dolomitic or magnesian carbonate Carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus sedimentary rock sedimentary rock aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. Includes dolostone, lime dolostone and magnesite- stone. dolomitic sediment carbonate sediment Carbonate sediment with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1.

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Label (Lithology) parent Definition Lithology value duricrust composite genesis Rock forming a hard crust or layer at or near the Earth's surface at the time of rock formation, e.g. in the upper horizons of a soil, characterized by structures indicative of pedogenic origin. eclogite metamorphic rock Metamorphic rock composed of 75 percent or more (by volume) omphacite and garnet, both of which are present as major constituents, the amount of neither of them being higher than 75 percent (by volume); the presence of plagioclase precludes classification as an eclogite. evaporite chemical Nonclastic sedimentary rock composed of at least 50 percent non-carbonate salts, sedimentary including chloride, sulfate or borate minerals; formed through precipitation of material mineral salts from a saline solution (non-carbonate salt rock). exotic alkaline rock exotic composition Kimberlite, lamproite, or lamprophyre. Generally are potassic, mafic or ultramafic igneous rock rocks. Olivine (commonly serpentinized in kimberlite), and phlogopite are significant constituents. exotic composition igneous rock Rock with 'exotic' mineralogical, textural or field setting characteristics; typically igneous rock dark colored, with abundant phenocrysts. Criteria include: presence of greater than 10 percent melilite or leucite, or presence of kalsilite, or greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals. Includes Carbonatite, Melilitic rock, Kalsilitic rocks, Kimberlite, Lamproite, Leucitic rock and Lamprophyres. exotic evaporite evaporite Evaporite that is not 50 percent halite or 50 percent gypsum or anhydrite. fault-related material composite genesis Material formed as a result of brittle faulting, composed of greater than 10 percent material matrix; matrix is fine-grained material caused by tectonic grainsize reduction. fine grained igneous rock igneous rock Igneous rock in which the framework of the rock consists of crystals that are too small to determine mineralogy with the unaided eye; framework may include up to 50 percent glass. A significant percentage of the rock by volume may be phenocrysts. Includes rocks that are generally called volcanic rocks. foid bearing alkali feldspar alkali feldspar Alkali feldspar syenitic rock that contains 0-10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no syenite syenitic rock quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6'. foid bearing alkali feldspar alkali feldspar Alkali feldspar trachytic rock that contains no quartz and between 0 and 10 percent trachyte trachytic rock feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6'. foid bearing anorthosite anorthositic rock Anorthositic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10'. foid bearing diorite dioritic rock Dioritic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10'. foid bearing gabbro gabbroic rock Gabbroic rock that contains 0-10 percent feldspathoid minerals and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10'. foid bearing latite latitic rock Latitic rock that contains no quartz and between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 8'. foid bearing monzodiorite monzodioritic rock Monzodioritic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral. foid bearing monzogabbro monzogabbroic rock Monzogabbroic rock that contains 0 to 10 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 9'. foid bearing monzonite monzonitic rock Monzonitic rock that contains 0-10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 8'. foid bearing syenite syenitic rock Syenitic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. Defined modally in QAPF Field 7'. foid bearing trachyte trachytic rock Trachytic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction, and no quartz. QAPF field 7'. foid diorite foid dioritoid Foid dioritoid in which the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 14. foid dioritoid phaneritic igneous Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to rock total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoid minerals form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, plagioclase has anorthite content less than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14. foid gabbro foid gabbroid Foid gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 14. foid gabbroid phaneritic igneous Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to rock total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoids form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, and plagioclase has anorthite content greater than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14. foid monzodiorite foid dioritoid Foid dioritoid in which the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is between 0.1 and 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 13. foid monzogabbro foid gabbroid Foid gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.5 and 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 13. foid monzosyenite foid syenitoid Foid syenitoid rock that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio of between 0.1 and 0.5. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 12. foid syenite foid syenitoid Foid syenitoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio of less than 0.1. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 11. 16

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Label (Lithology) parent Definition Lithology value foid syenitoid phaneritic igneous Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, contains between 10 and 60 rock percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes QAPF fields 11 and 12. foidite foiditoid Foiditoid that contains greater than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. foiditoid fine grained igneous Fine grained crystalline rock containing less than 90 percent mafic minerals and rock more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 15 or chemically in TAS field F. foidolite phaneritic igneous Phaneritic crystalline rock containing more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in rock the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 15 foliated metamorphic rock metamorphic rock Metamorphic rock in which 10 percent or more of the contained mineral grains are elements in a planar or linear fabric. Cataclastic or glassy character precludes classification with this concept. fragmental igneous igneous material Igneous_material of unspecified consolidation state in which greater than 75 material percent of the rock consists of fragments produced as a result of igneous rock- forming process. fragmental igneous rock fragmental igneous Igneous rock in which greater than 75 percent of the rock consists of fragments material produced as a result of igneous rock-forming process. Includes pyroclastic rocks, autobreccia associated with lava flows and intrusive breccias. Excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes (see Tuffite). framestone carbonate Carbonate reef rock consisting of a rigid framework of colonies, shells or skeletons, sedimentary rock with internal cavities filled with fine sediment; usually created through the activities of colonial organisms. gabbro gabbroic rock Gabbroic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 10 as gabbro. gabbroic rock basic igneous rock Gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9 in the QAPF fraction. Includes QAPF fields 10*, 10, and 10'. This category includes the various categories defined in LeMaitre et al. (2002) based on the mafic mineralogy, but apparently not subdivided based on the quartz/feldspathoid content. gabbroid phaneritic igneous Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic rock minerals, and up to 20 percent quartz or up to 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. The ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.65, and anorthite content of the plagioclase is greater than 50 percent. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 and their subdivisions. generic conglomerate sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock composed of at least 30 percent rounded to subangular fragments larger than 2 mm in diameter; typically contains finer grained material in interstices between larger fragments. If more than 15 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wackestone. If rock has unsorted or poorly sorted texture with a wide range of particle sizes, may also be categorized as diamictite. generic mudstone sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud to sand ratio greater than 1. Clasts may be of any composition or origin. generic sandstone sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock in which less than 30 percent of particles are greater than 2 mm in diameter (gravel) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. glass rich igneous rock igneous rock Igneous rock that contains greater than 50 percent massive glass. glassy igneous rock glass rich igneous Igneous rock that consists of greater than 80 percent massive glass. rock glaukophanschiefer metamorphic rock A metamorphic rock of roughly basaltic composition, defined by the presence of glaucophane with lawsonite or epidote. Other minerals that may be present include jadeite, albite, chlorite, garnet, and muscovite (phengitic white mica). Typically fine- grained, dark colored. Category for rocks commonly referred to as blueschist. gneiss foliated Foliated metamorphic rock with bands or lenticles rich in granular minerals metamorphic rock alternating with bands or lenticles rich in minerals with a flaky or elongate prismatic habit. Mylonitic foliation or well developed, continuous schistosity (greater than 50 percent of the rock consists of grains participate in a planar or linear fabric) precludes classification with this concept. grainstone carbonate Carbonate sedimentary rock with recognizable depositional fabric that is grain- sedimentary rock supported, and constituent particles are of intrabasinal origin; contains little or no mud matrix. Distinction from sandstone is based on interpretation of intrabasinal origin of clasts and grain-supported fabric, but grainstone definition does not include a grain size criteria. granite granitoid Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and plagioclase (typically sodic) in variable amounts, usually with biotite and/or hornblende. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 3.

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Label (Lithology) parent Definition Lithology value granitoid acidic igneous rock Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and/or plagioclase. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2, 3, 4 and 5 as alkali feldspar granite, granite, granodiorite or tonalite. granodiorite granitoid Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting essentially of quartz, sodic plagioclase and lesser amounts of alkali feldspar with minor hornblende and biotite. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 4. granofels metamorphic rock Metamorphic rock with granoblastic fabric and very little or no foliation (less than 10 percent of the mineral grains in the rock are elements in a planar or linear fabric). Grainsize not specified. granulite metamorphic rock Metamorphic rock of high metamorphic grade in which Fe-Mg silicate minerals are dominantly hydroxl-free; feldspar must be present, and muscovite is absent; rock contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, less than 75 percent calcite and/or dolomite, less than 75 percent quartz, less than 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), and less than 50 percent calc-silicate minerals. gravel clastic sediment Clastic sediment containing greater than 30 percent gravel-size particles (greater than 2.0 mm diameter). Gravel in which more than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin. gravel size sediment sediment Sediment containing greater than 30 percent gravel-size particles (greater than 2.0 mm diameter). Composition or gensis of clasts not specified. gypsum or anhydrite evaporite Evaporite composed of at least 50 percent gypsum or anhydrite. high magnesium fine fine grained igneous Fine-grained igneous rock that contains unusually high concentration of MgO. For grained igneous rock rock rocks that contain greater than 52 percent silica, MgO must be greater than 8 percent. For rocks containing less than 52 percent silica, MgO must be greater than 12 percent. hornblendite phaneritic igneous Ultramafic rock that consists of greater than 40 percent hornblende plus pyroxene rock and has a hornblende to pyroxene ratio greater than 1. Includes olivine hornblendite, olivine-pyroxene hornblendite, pyroxene hornblendite, and hornblendite. hornfels granofels Granofels formed by contact metamorphism, composed of a mosaic of equidimensional grains in a characteristically granoblastic or decussate matrix; porphyroblasts or relict phenocrysts may be present. Typically fine grained. hybrid sediment sediment Sediment that does not fit any of the other sediment composition/genesis categories. Sediment consisting of three or more components which form more than 5 percent but less than 50 precent of the material. hybrid sedimentary rock sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock that does not fit any of the other composition/genesis categories. Sedimentary rock consisting of three or more components which form more than 5 percent but less than 50 precent of the material. igneous material compound material Earth material formed as a result of igneous processes, e.g. intrusion and cooling of magma in the crust, volcanic eruption. igneous rock igneous material Rock formed as a result of igneous processes, for example intrusion and cooling of magma in the crust, or volcanic eruption. impact generated material composite genesis Material that contains features indicative of shock metamorphism, such as material microscopic planar deformation features within grains or shatter cones, interpreted to be the result of extraterrestrial bolide impact. Includes breccias and melt rocks. impure calcareous calcareous Carbonate sediment in which between 50 and 90 percent of the constituents are carbonate sediment carbonate sediment composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. impure carbonate carbonate sediment Carbonate sediment in which between 50 and 90 percent of the constituents are sediment composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin. impure carbonate carbonate Sedimentary rock in which between 50 and 90 percent of the primary and/or sedimentary rock sedimentary rock recrystallized constituents are composed of carbonate minerals. impure dolomite dolomitic or Impure carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite magnesian (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. sedimentary rock impure dolomitic dolomitic sediment Carbonate sediment in which between 50 and 90 percent of the constituents are sediment composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and the ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. impure limestone calcareous Impure carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio carbonate greater than 1 to 1. sedimentary rock intermediate composition igneous material Igneous material with between 52 and 63 percent SiO2. igneous material intermediate composition igneous rock Igneous rock with between 52 and 63 percent SiO2. igneous rock

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Label (Lithology) parent Definition Lithology value iron rich sediment iron rich Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, sedimentary magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or material petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight. iron rich sedimentary chemical Sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state that consists of at least 50 material sedimentary percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron- material sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight. iron rich sedimentary rock iron rich Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals sedimentary (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by material hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight. kalsilitic and melilitic rocks exotic composition Igneous rock containing greater than 10 percent melilite or kalsilite. Typically igneous rock undersaturated, ultrapotassic (kalsilitic rocks) or calcium-rich (melilitic rocks) mafic or ultramafic rocks. komatiitic rock high magnesium Ultramafic, magnesium-rich volcanic rock, typically with spinifex texture of fine grained igneous intergrown skeletal and bladed olivine and pyroxene crystals set in abundant glass. rock Includes komatiite and meimechite. latite latitic rock Latitic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 8. latitic rock trachytoid Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. QAPF fields 8, 8' and 8*. lignite coal Coal that has a gross calorific value less than 24 MJ/kg (determined in conformance with ISO 1928), and vitrinite mean random reflectance less than 0.6% (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5). Gross calorific value is recalculated to a moist, ash free basis using bed moisture (determined according to ISO 1015 or ISO 5068). Includes all low-rank coals, including sub-bitiminous coal. A consolidated, dull, soft brown to black coal having many readily discernible plant fragments set in a finer grained organic matrix. Tends to crack and fall apart on drying. Operationally sub- bituminous and bitiminous coal are qualitatively distinguished based on brown streak for sub-bitiminous coal and black streak for bituminous coal. limestone calcareous Pure carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio carbonate greater than 1 to 1. Includes limestone and dolomitic limestone. sedimentary rock marble metamorphic rock Metamorphic rock consisting of greater than 75 percent fine- to coarse-grained recrystallized calcite and/or dolomite; usually with a granoblastic, saccharoidal texture. material formed in composite genesis Material that is the product of weathering processes operating on pre-existing surficial environment material rocks or deposits, analogous to hydrothermal or metasomatic rocks, but formed at ambient Earth surface temperature and pressure. metamorphic rock composite genesis Rock formed by solid-state mineralogical, chemical and/or structural changes to a rock pre-existing rock, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shearing stress and chemical environment. metasomatic rock composite genesis Rock that has fabric and composition indicating open-system mineralogical and rock chemical changes in response to interaction with a fluid phase, typically water rich. mica schist schist A schist that consists of more than 50 percent mica minerals, typically muscovite or biotite. Special type included to distinguish this common variety of schist. migmatite metamorphic rock Silicate metamorphic rock that is pervasively heterogeneous on a decimeter to meter scale that typically consists of darker and lighter parts; the darker parts usually exhibit features of metamorphic rocks whereas the lighter parts are of igneous-looking appearance. mine dump material Spoil, overburden and other material excavated in mining. monzodiorite monzodioritic rock Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of sodic plagioclase (An0 to An50), alkali feldspar, hornblende and biotite, with or without pyroxene, and 0 to 5 percent quartz. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9. monzodioritic rock dioritoid Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of sodic plagioclase (An0 to An50), alkali feldspar, hornblende and biotite, with or without pyroxene, and 0 to 10 percent feldspathoid or 0 to 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Plagioclase to total feldspar ratio in the QAPF fraction is between 0.65 and 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9, 9' and 9* as monzodiorite, foid-beaing monzodiorite, and quartz monzodiorite. monzogabbro monzogabbroic rock Monzogabbroic rock that contains between 0 an 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9. monzogabbroic rock gabbroid Gabbroid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.65 and 0.9. QAPF field 9, 9 prime and 9 asterisk monzogranite granite Granite that has a plagiolcase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. QAPF field 3b.

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Label (Lithology) parent Definition Lithology value monzonite monzonitic rock Monzonitic rock that contains 0-5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 8. monzonitic rock syenitoid Syenitoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. Includes rocks in QAPF fields 8, 8*, and 8'. mud clastic sediment Clastic sediment consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud-size to sand-size particle ratio greater than 1. More than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin. mud size sediment sediment Sediment consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud-size to sand-size particle ratio greater than 1. Clasts may be of any composition or origin. mudstone clastic sedimentary Clastic sedimentary rock consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) rock particles and with a mud to sand ratio greater than 1. mylonitic rock fault-related Metamorphic rock characterised by a foliation resulting from tectonic grain size material reduction, in which more than 10 percent of the rock volume has undergone grain size reduction. Includes protomylonite, mylonite, ultramylonite, and blastomylonite. natural unconsolidated unconsolidated Unconsolidated material known to have natural, i.e. not human-made, origin. material material non-clastic siliceous non-clastic siliceous Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited sediment sedimentary directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in material particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition. non-clastic siliceous sedimentary Sedimentary material that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, sedimentary material material deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition. non-clastic siliceous non-clastic siliceous Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, sedimentary rock sedimentary deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, material or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition. ooze biogenic sediment Biogenic sediment consisting of less than 1 percent gravel-size (greater than or equal to 2 mm) particles, with a sand to mud ratio less than 1 to 9, and less than 50 percent carbonate minerals. organic bearing mudstone generic mudstone Mudstone that contains a significant amount of organic carbon, typically kerogen. Commonly finely laminated, brown or black in color. organic rich sediment biogenic sediment Sediment with color, composition, texture and apparent density indicating greater than 50 percent organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis. organic rich sedimentary sedimentary Sedimentary material in which 50 percent or more of the primary sedimentary material material material is organic carbon. organic rich sedimentary organic rich Sedimentary rock with color, composition, texture and apparent density indicating rock sedimentary greater than 50 percent organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis. material orthogneiss gneiss A gneiss with mineralogy and texture indicating derivation from a phaneritic igneous rock protolith. Typically consists of abundant feldspar, with quartz, and variable hornblende, biotite, and muscovite, with a relatively homogeneous character. packstone carbonate Carbonate sedimentary rock with discernible grain supported depositional texture, sedimentary rock containing greater than 10 percent grains, and constituent particles are of intrabasinal origin; intergranular spaces are filled by matrix. paragneiss gneiss A gneiss with mineralogy and texture indicating derivation from a sedimentary rock protolith. Typically consists of abundant quartz, mica, or calcsilicate minerals; aluminosilicate minerals or garnet commonly present. Composition of rock tends to be more variable on a decimetric scale that in orthogneiss. peat organic rich Unconsolidated organic-rich sediment composed of at least 50 percent semi- sediment carbonised plant remains; individual remains commonly seen with unaided eye; yellowish brown to brownish black; generally fibrous texture; can be plastic or friable. In its natural state it can be readily cut and has a very high moisture content, generally greater than 90 percent. Liptinite to Inertinite ratio is less than one (Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp.) pebble gravel size gravel size sediment Sediment containing greater than 30 percent pebble-size particles (2.0 -64 mm in sediment diameter). pegmatite phaneritic igneous Exceptionally coarse grained crystalline rock with interlocking crystals; most grains rock are 1cm or more diameter; composition is generally that of granite, but the term may refer to the coarse grained facies of any type of igneous rock;usually found as irregular dikes, lenses, or veins associated with plutons or batholiths. peridotite phaneritic igneous Ultramafic rock consisting of more than 40 percent (by volume) olivine with rock pyroxene and/or amphibole and little or no feldspar. Commonly altered to serpentinite. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as 20

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Label (Lithology) parent Definition Lithology value dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite, olivinite, pyroxene peridotite, pyroxene hornblende peridotite or hornblende peridotite. phaneritic igneous rock igneous rock Igneous rock in which the framework of the rock consists of individual crystals that can be discerned with the unaided eye. Bounding grain size is on the order of 32 to 100 microns. Igneous rocks with 'exotic' composition are excluded from this concept. phonolite phonolitoid Phonolitoid in which the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is less than 0.1. Rock consists of alkali feldspar, feldspathoid minerals, and mafic minerals. phonolitic basanite tephritoid Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.5 and 0.9, and contains more than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine. phonolitic foidite foiditoid Foiditoid that contains less than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio that is less than 0.5 phonolitic tephrite tephritoid Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.5 and 0.9, and contains less than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine. phonolitoid fine grained igneous Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, rock between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 11 and 12, and TAS field Ph. phosphate rich sediment phosphate rich Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized sedimentary constituents are phosphate minerals. material phosphate rich sedimentary Sedimentary material in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or sedimentary material material recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals. phosphorite phosphate rich Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the primary or recrystallized sedimentary constituents are phosphate minerals. Most commonly occurs as a bedded primary material or reworked secondary marine rock, composed of microcrystalline carbonate fluorapatite in the form of lamina, pellets, oolites and nodules, and skeletal, shell and bone fragments. phyllite foliated Rock with a well developed, continuous schistosity, an average grain size between metamorphic rock 0.1 and 0.5 millimeters, and a silvery sheen on cleavage surfaces. Individual phyllosilicate grains are barely visible with the unaided eye. phyllonite mylonitic rock Mylonitic rock composed largely of fine-grained mica that imparts a sheen to foliation surfaces; may have flaser lamination, isoclinal folding, and deformed veins, which indicate significant shearing. Macroscopically resembles phyllite, but formed by mechanical degradation of initially coarser rock. porphyry igneous rock Igneous rock that contains conspicuous phenocrysts in a finer grained groundmass; groundmass itself may be phaneritic or fine-grained. pure calcareous carbonate calcareous Carbonate sediment in which greater than 90 percent of the constituents are sediment carbonate sediment composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. pure carbonate mudstone carbonate Mudstone that consists of greater than 90 percent carbonate minerals of mudstone intrabasinal orign in the mud fraction, and contains less than 10 percent allochems. The original depositional texture is preserved and fabric is matrix supported. Carbonate mudstone of Dunham (1962). pure carbonate sediment carbonate sediment Carbonate sediment in which greater than 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin. pure carbonate carbonate Sedimentary rock in which greater than 90 percent of the primary and/or sedimentary rock sedimentary rock recrystallized constituents are carbonate minerals. pure dolomitic sediment dolomitic sediment Carbonate sediment in which greater than 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. pyroclastic material fragmental igneous Fragmental igneous material that consists of more than 75 percent of particles material formed by disruption as a direct result of volcanic action. pyroclastic rock fragmental igneous Fragmental igneous rock that consists of greater than 75 percent fragments rock produced as a direct result of eruption or extrusion of magma from within the earth onto its surface. Includes autobreccia associated with lava flows and excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes. pyroxenite phaneritic igneous Ultramafic phaneritic igneous rock composed almost entirely of one or more rock pyroxenes and occasionally biotite, hornblende and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as olivine pyroxenite, olivine- hornblende pyroxenite, pyroxenite, orthopyroxenite, clinopyroxenite and websterite. quartz alkali feldspar alkali feldspar Alkali feldspar syenitic rock that contains 5 to 20 percent quartz and no syenite syenitic rock feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6*. quartz alkali feldspar alkali feldspar Alkali feldspar trachytic rock that contains and between 5 and 20 percent quartz trachyte trachytic rock mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6*.

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Label (Lithology) parent Definition Lithology value quartz anorthosite anorthositic rock Anorthositic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10*. quartz diorite dioritic rock Dioritic rock that contains between 5 to 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10*. quartz gabbro gabbroic rock Gabbroic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10*. quartz latite latitic rock Latitic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 8*. quartz monzodiorite monzodioritic rock Monzodioritic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz. quartz monzogabbro monzogabbroic rock Monzogabbroic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 9*. quartz monzonite monzonitic rock Monzonitic rock that contains 5-20 percent quartz iin the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 8*. quartz rich igneous rock acidic igneous rock Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals and contains greater than 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. quartz syenite syenitic rock Syenitic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Defined modally in QAPF Field 7*. quartz trachyte trachytic rock Trachytic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 7*. quartzite metamorphic rock Metamorphic rock consisting of greater than or equal to 75 percent quartz; typically granoblastic texture. residual material material formed in Material of composite origin resulting from weathering processes at the Earth’s surficial surface, with genesis dominated by removal of chemical constituents by aqueous environment leaching. Miinor clastic, chemical, or organic input may also contribute. Consolidation state is not inherent in definition, but typically material is unconsolidated or weakly consolidated. rhyolite rhyolitoid Rhyolitoid in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is between 0.1 and 0.65. rhyolitoid acidic igneous rock Fine grained igneous rock consisting of quartz and alkali feldspar, with minor plagioclase and biotite, in a microcrystalline, cryptocrystalline or glassy groundmass. Flow texture is common. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2 and 3 or chemically in TAS Field R as rhyolite. QAPF normative definition is based on modal mineralogy thus: less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and ratio of plagioclse to total feldspar is less than 0.65. rock compound material Consolidated aggregate of one or more EarthMaterials, or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter, or of solid organic material. rock salt evaporite Evaporite composed of at least 50 percent halite. sand clastic sediment Clastic sediment in which less than 30 percent of particles are gravel (greater than 2 mm in diameter) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. More than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin. sand size sediment sediment Sediment in which less than 30 percent of particles are gravel (greater than 2 mm in diameter) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. Composition or genesis of clasts not specified. sandstone clastic sedimentary Clastic sedimentary rock in which less than 30 percent of particles are greater than rock 2 mm in diameter (gravel) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. sapropel organic rich Jelly like organic rich sediment composed of plant remains, usually algal. Liptinite to sediment Inertinite ratio is greater than one (Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp.) schist foliated Foliated phaneritic metamorphic rock with well developed, continuous schistosity, metamorphic rock meaning that greater than 50 percent of the rock by volume is mineral grains with a thin tabular, lamellar, or acicular prismatic crystallographic habit that are oriented in a continuous planar or linear fabric. sediment natural Unconsolidated material consisting of an aggregation of particles transported or unconsolidated deposited by air, water or ice, or that accumulated by other natural agents, such as material chemical precipitation, and that forms in layers on the Earth's surface. sedimentary material compound material Material formed by accumulation of solid fragmental material deposited by air, water or ice or material that accumulated by other natural agents such as chemical precipitation from solution or secretion by organisms. sedimentary rock rock Rock formed by accumulation and cementation of solid fragmental material deposited by air, water or ice, or as a result of other natural agents, such as precipitation from solution, the accumulation of organic material, or from biogenic processes, including secretion by organisms. serpentinite metamorphic rock Rock consisting of more than 75 percent serpentine-group minerals, eg. antigorite, chrysotile or lizardite; accessory chlorite, talc and magnetite may be present; derived from hydration of ferromagnesian silicate minerals such as olivine and pyroxene. 22

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Label (Lithology) parent Definition Lithology value sewage sludge More or less liquid (when disposed) by-products of wastewater treatment. shale mudstone Laminated mudstone that will part or break along thin, closely spaced layers parallel to stratification. silicate mud mud size sediment Mud size sediment that consists of less than 50 percent carbonate minerals. silicate mudstone generic mudstone Mudstone that contains less than 10 percent carbonate minerals. siliceous ooze non-clastic siliceous Ooze that consists of more than 50 percent siliceous skeletal remains. sediment silt mud Mud that consists of greater than 50 percent silt-size grains. siltstone mudstone Mudstone that contains detectable silt. skarn metasomatic rock Metasomatic rock consisting mainly of Ca-, Mg-, Fe-, or Mn-silicate minerals, which are free from or poor in water. Typically formed at the contact between a silicate rock or magma and a carbonate rock. slag By-product of smelting ore and processing metals. slate foliated Compact, fine grained rock with an average grain size less than 0.032 millimeter metamorphic rock and a well developed schistosity (slaty cleavage), and hence can be split into slabs or thin plates. sludge More or less liquid (when disposed) by-products of industrial processes. soil improver Material added to soil to improve plant growth and health. spilite metasomatic rock Altered basic to intermediate composition fine-grained igneous rock in which the feldspar is partially or completely composed of of albite, typically accompanied by chlorite, calcite, quartz, epidote, prehnite, and low-tempaerature hydrous crystallization products. Preservation of eruptive volcanic features is typical. syenite syenitic rock Syenitic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Defined modally in QAPF Field 7. syenitic rock syenitoid Syenitoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35. Includes rocks in QAPF fields 7, 7*, and 7'. syenitoid phaneritic igneous Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting mainly of alkali rock feldspar and plagioclase; minor quartz or nepheline may be present, along with pyroxene, amphibole or biotite. Ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.65, quartz forms less than 20 percent of QAPF fraction, and feldspathoid minerals form less than 10 percent of QAPF fraction. Includes rocks classified in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 and their subdivisions. syenogranite granite Granite that has a plagiolcase to total feldspar ratio between 0.10 and 0.35. QAPF field 3a. tephra natural Unconsolidated pyroclastic material in which greater than 75 percent of the unconsolidated fragments are deposited as a direct result of volcanic processes and the deposit has material not been reworked by epiclastic processes. Includes ash, lapilli tephra, bomb tephra, block tephra and unconsolidated agglomerate. tephrite tephritoid Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9, and contains less than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine. tephritic foidite foiditoid Foiditoid that contains less than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio that is greater than 0.5, with less than 10 percent normative olivine. tephritic phonolite phonolitoid Phonolitoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.5. Broadly corresponds to TAS tephriphonolite of TAS field U3. tephritoid fine grained igneous Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, rock between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.5. Includes rocks classified in QAPF field 13 and 14 or chemically in TAS field U1 as basanite or tephrite. tholeiitic basalt basalt Tholeiitic basalt is defined here to contain 2 pyroxene phases and interstitial quartz or tridymite or cristobalite in the groundmass. Pyroxene (augite and orthopyroxene or pigeonite) and calcium-rich plagioclase are common phenocryst minerals. Olivine may also be a phenocryst, and when present, may have rims of pigeonite. Only in tholeiitic basalt is olivine in reaction relationship with melt. Interstitial siliceous residue may be present, and is often glassy. Tholeiitic basalt is relatively poor in sodium. This category includes most basalts of the ocean floor, most large oceanic islands, and continental flood basalts such as the Columbia River Plateau. tonalite granitoid Granitoid consisting of quartz and intermediate plagioclase, usually with biotite and amphibole. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 5; ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.9. topsoil The dark-colored upper portion af a soil, varying in depth according to soil type. trachyte trachytic rock Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35, between 0 and 5 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and no feldspathoid minerals. QAPF field 7. 23

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Label (Lithology) parent Definition Lithology value trachytic rock trachytoid Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35. QAPF fields 7, 7', and 7*. trachytoid fine grained igneous Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, less rock than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.65. Mafic minerals typically include amphibole or mica; typically porphyritic. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 (with subdivisions) or chemically in TAS Field T as trachyte or latite. travertine chemical Biotically or abiotically precipitated calcium carbonate, from spring-fed, heated, or sedimentary ambient-temperature water. May be white and spongy, various shades of orange, material tan or gray, and ranges to dense, banded or laminated rock. Macrophytes, bryophytes, algae, cyanobacteria and other organisms often colonize the surface of travertine and may be preserved, to produce the porous varieties. tuff-breccia, agglomerate, pyroclastic rock Pyroclastic rock in which greater than 25 percent of particles are greater than 64 or pyroclastic breccia mm in largest dimension. Includes agglomerate, pyroclastic breccia of Gillespie and Styles (1999). tuffite rock Rock consists of more than 50 percent particles of indeterminate pyroclastic or epiclastic origin and less than 75 percent particles of clearly pyroclastic origin. ultrabasic igneous rock igneous rock Igneous rock with less than 45 percent SiO2. ultramafic igneous rock igneous rock Igneous rock that consists of greater than 90 percent mafic minerals. unconsolidated material compound material CompoundMaterial composed of an aggregation of particles that do not adhere to each other strongly enough that the aggregate can be considered a solid in its own right. wacke sandstone Clastic sandstone with more than 10 percent matrix of indeterminate detrital or diagenetic nature. Matrix is mud size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products). waste Disposed, non-liquid by-products of any kind, e.g. domestic or industrial waste.

Source:

INSPIRE Thematic Working Group Geology (2013): D2.8.II.4 INSPIRE Data Specification on Geology – Technical Guidelines. European Commission Joint Research Centre (Ispra). P. 232 ff https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/documents/Data_Specifications/INSPIRE_DataSpecification_GE_v3.0.pdf

The relevant INSPIRE codelist you will find here: http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/LithologyValue

2.1. Genesis

2.1.1. “Event Environment” [“INSPIRE Data Specifications on Geology”, 2013]

Name event environment Parent Definition river plain abandoned river channel system setting setting A drainage channel along which runoff no longer occurs, as on an alluvial fan. above carbonate compensation marine Marine environment in which carbonate sediment does not dissolve before reaching depth setting setting the sea floor and can accumulate. marine abyssal setting setting The ocean environment at water depths between 3,500 and 6,000 metres. active continental margin plate margin setting setting Plate margin setting on continental crust. plate margin active spreading center setting setting Divergent plate margin at which new oceanic crust is being formed.

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Name event environment Parent Definition Sedimentary setting in which wind is the dominant process producing, transporting, subaerial and depositing sediment. Typically has low-relief plain or piedmont slope aeolian process setting setting physiography. agricultural and forestry land Human influence setting with intensive agricultural activity or forestry land use, setting including forest plantations. Modern "algal flats are found on rock or mud in areas flooded only by the highest tides and are often subject to high evaporation rates. Algal flats survive only when an area is salty enough to eliminate snails and other herbivorous animals that eat algae, yet is not so salty that the algae cannot survive. The most common species of algae found on algal flats are blue-green algae of the genera Scytonema and Schizothrix. These algae can tolerate the daily extremes in temperature and oxygen that typify conditions on the flats. Other plants sometimes found on algal flats include one-celled green algae, flagellates, diatoms, bacteria, and isolated scrubby red and black mangroves, as well as patches of saltwort. Animals include false cerith, cerion snails, fiddler crabs, and great low energy land crabs. Flats with well developed algal mats are restricted for the most part to the shoreline Keys, with Sugarloaf and Crane Keys offering prime examples of algal flat habitat." algal flat setting setting (Audubon, 1991) A low, outspread, relatively flat to gently sloping mass of loose rock material, shaped like an open fan or a segment of a cone, deposited by a stream (esp. in a semiarid region) at the place where it issues from a narrow mountain valley upon a plain or broad valley, or where a tributary stream is near or at its junction with the main stream, or wherever a constriction in a valley abruptly ceases or the gradient of the piedmont stream suddenly decreases; it is steepest near the mouth of the valley where its apex slope system points upstream, and it slopes gently and convexly outward with gradually decreasing alluvial fan setting setting gradient. An assemblage landforms produced by alluvial and fluvial processes (braided streams, terraces, etc.,) that form low gradient, regional ramps along the flanks of mountains and extend great distances from their sources (e.g., High Plains of North America). (NRCS GLOSSARY OF LANDFORM AND GEOLOGIC TERMS). A level or gently sloping piedmont tract or a slightly undulating land surface produced by extensive deposition of slope system alluvium... Synonym-- wash plain;...river plain; aggraded valley plain;... (Jackson, 1997, alluvial plain setting setting p. 17). May include one or more River plain systems. earth surface anoxic setting setting Setting depleted in oxygen, typically subaqueous. earth Setting characterized by mean annual precipitation of 10 inches (25 cm) or less. arid or Semi Arid environment surface (Jackson, 1997, p. 172). Equivalent to SLTT 'Desert setting', but use 'Arid' to emphasize setting setting climatic nature of setting definition. Tectonic setting adjacent to a volcanic arc formed above a subduction zone. The back tectonically arc setting is on the opposite side of the volcanic arc from the trench at which oceanic defined crust is consumed in a subduction zone. Back arc setting includes terrane that is back arc setting setting affected by plate margin and arc-related processes. The landward side of a reef. The term is often used adjectivally to refer to deposits within the restricted lagoon behind a barrier reef, such as the "back-reef facies" of biological lagoonal deposits. In some places, as on a platform-edge reef tract, "back reef" refers backreef setting reef setting to the side of the reef away from the open sea, even though no land may be nearby. barrier A narrow, elongate sand or gravel ridge rising slightly above the high-tide level and island extending generally parallel with the shore, but separated from it by a lagoon coastline (Shepard, 1954, p.1904), estuary, or marsh; it is extended by longshore transport and barrier beach setting setting is rarely more than several kilometers long. Setting meant to include all the various geographic elements typically associated with a barrier island coastline, including the barrier islands, and geomorphic/geographic shoreline elements that are linked by processes associated with the presence of the island (e.g. barrier island coastline setting setting wash over fans, inlet channel, back barrier lagoon). barrier island A lagoon that is roughly parallel to the coast and is separated from the open ocean by coastline a strip of land or by a barrier reef. Tidal influence is typically restricted and the lagoon barrier lagoon setting setting is commonly hypersaline. An ombrotrophic or ombrogene peat/bog whose nutrient supply is exclusively from rain water (including snow and atmospheric fallout) therefore making nutrients basin bog setting bog setting extremely oligotrophic. marine Near flat areas of ocean floor, slope less than 1:1000; generally receive only distal basin plain setting setting turbidite and pelagic sediments. marine bathyal setting setting The ocean environment at water depths between 200 and 3500 metres. The unconsolidated material at the shoreline that covers a gently sloping zone, typically with a concave profile, extending landward from the low-water line to the shoreline place where there is a definite change in material or physiographic form (such as a beach setting setting cliff), or to the line of permanent vegetation (usually the effective limit of the highest 25

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Name event environment Parent Definition storm waves); at the shore of a body of water, formed and washed by waves or tides, usually covered by sand or gravel, and lacking a bare rocky surface. below carbonate compensation marine Marine environment in which water is deep enough that carbonate sediment goes into depth setting setting solution before it can accumulate on the sea floor. A ridgelike or moundlike structure, layered or massive, built by sedentary calcareous organisms, esp. corals, and consisting mostly of their remains; it is wave-resistant and marine stands topographically above the surrounding contemporaneously deposited biological reef setting setting sediment. Topogeneous bog/peat whose moisture content is largely dependent on surface water. It is relatively rich in plant nutrients, nitrogen, and mineral matter, is mildly acidic to nearly neutral, and contains little or no cellulose; forms in topographic blanket bog bog setting depressions with essential stagnat or non-moving minerotrophic water supply. terrestrial Waterlogged, spongy ground, consisting primarily of mosses, containing acidic, bog setting setting decaying vegetation that may develop into peat. A stream that divides into or follows an interlacing or tangled network of several small branching and reuniting shallow channels separated from each other by ephemeral branch islands or channel bars, resembling in plan the strands of a complex braid. Such river channel a stream is generally believed to indicate an inability to carry all of its load, such as an braided river channel setting setting overloaded and aggrading stream flowing in a wide channel on a floodplain. A shoreline setting in which terrigenous input is minor compared to local carbonate carbonate dominated shoreline shoreline sediment production. Constructional biogenic activity is an important element in setting setting geomorphic development. A type of carbonate platform that is attached to a continental landmass and a region of sedimentation that is analogous to shelf environments for terrigenous clastic deposition. A carbonate shelf may receive some supply of material from the adjacent carbonate shelf setting landmass. earth A natural underground open space; it generally has a connection to the surface, is surface large enough for a person to enter, and extends into darkness. The most common type cave setting setting of cave is formed in limestone by dissolution. dunefield A dune field on low-lying land recently abandoned or built up by the sea; the dunes coastal dune field setting setting may ascend a cliff and travel inland. A low relief plain bordering a water body extending inland to the nearest elevated shoreline land, sloping very gently towards the water body. Distinguished from alluvial plain by coastal plain setting setting presence of relict shoreline-related deposits or morphology. Tectonic setting in which two continental crustal plates impact and are sutured continental- together after intervening oceanic crust is entirely consumed at a subduction zone crustal separating the plates. Such collision typically involves major mountain forming events, collisional setting setting exemplified by the modern Alpine and Himalayan mountain chains. earth interior contact metamorphic setting setting Metamorphism of country rock at the contact of an igneous body. An area of the continental margin between the shoreline and the continental slope that is topographically more complex than the continental shelf. It is characterized by marine ridges and basins, some of which are below the depth of the continental shelf. An continental borderland setting setting example is the southern California continental borderland (Jackson, 1997, p. 138). extended terrane Extended terrane in a zone of continental breakup, may include incipient oceanic continental rift setting setting crust. Examples include Red Sea, East Africa Rift, Salton Trough. That part of the ocean floor that is between the shoreline and the continental slope (or, when there is no noticeable continental slope, a depth of 200 m). It is marine characterized by its gentle slope of 0.1 degree (Jackson, 1997, p. 138). Continental continental shelf setting setting shelves have a classic shoreline-shelf-slope profile termed 'clinoform'. That type of the Earth's crust which underlies the continents and the continental shelves; it is equivalent to the sial and continental sima and ranges in thickness from about 25 km to more than 70 km under mountain ranges, averaging ~40 km. The density of the continental crust averages ~2.8 g/cm3 and is ~2.7 g.cm3 in the upper crustal layer. The velocities of compressional seismic waves through it average ~6.5 km/s and continental-crustal setting setting are less than ~7.0 km/sec. earth The outermost layer or shell of the Earth, defined according to various criteria, interior including seismic velocity, density and composition; that part of the Earth above the crustal setting setting Mohorovicic discontinuity, made up of the sial and the sima. river plain The abandoned, bow- or horseshoe-shaped channel of a former meander, left when system the stream formed a cutoff across a narrow meander neck. Note that these are cutoff meander setting setting typically lakes, thus also lacustrine. Deep ocean basin with steep (average 10 degrees) slope toward land, more gentle marine slope (average 5 degrees) towards the sea, and abundant seismic activity on landward deep sea trench setting setting side of trench. Does not denote water depth, but may be very deep.

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Name event environment Parent Definition deltaic delta distributary channel system A divergent stream flowing away from the main stream and not returning to it, as in a setting setting delta or on an alluvial plain. deltaic delta distributary mouth system The mouth of a delta distributary channel where fluvial discharge moves from confined setting setting to unconfined flow conditions.

A narrow zone where deposition in deltas is most active, consisting of a continuous deltaic sheet of sand, and occurring within the effective depth of wave erosion (10 m or less). system It is the zone separating the prodelta from the delta plain, and it may or may not be delta front setting setting steep" deltaic The level or nearly level surface composing the landward part of a large or compound system delta; strictly, an alluvial plain characterized by repeated channel bifurcation and delta plain setting setting divergence, multiple distributary channels, and interdistributary flood basins. delta slope setting Slope setting within the deltaic system. earth Environments at the mouth of a river or stream that enters a standing body of water surface (ocean or lake). The delta forms a triangular or fan-shaped plain of considerable area. deltaic system setting setting Subaerial parts of the delta are crossed by many distributaries of the main river, aeolian Extensive deposits on sand in an area where the supply is abundant. As a process characteristic, individual dunes somewhat resemble barchans but are highly irregular dunefield setting setting in shape and crowded; erg areas of the Sahara are an example. aeolian process dust accumulation setting setting Setting in which finegrained particles accumulate, e.g. loess deposition. dwelling area setting Dwelling area setting. earth interior setting Geologic environments within the solid Earth. earth surface setting Geologic environments on the surface of the solid Earth. glacier related Contained, embedded, or carried within the body of a glacier or ice sheet; said of englacial setting setting meltwater streams, till, drift, moraine. marine Marine setting situated within the interior of the continent, rather than at the edge of epicontinental marine setting setting a continent. deltaic system estuarine delta setting setting A delta that has filled, or is in the process of filling, an estuary. A lagoon produced by the temporary sealing of a river estuary by a storm barrier. Such estuary lagoons are usually seasonal and exist until the river breaches the barrier; they occur in estuarine lagoon setting setting regions of low or spasmodic rainfall. Environments at the seaward end or the widened funnel-shaped tidal mouth of a river shoreline valley where fresh water comes into contact with seawater and where tidal effects are estuary setting setting evident (adapted from Glossary of Geology, Jackson, 1997, p. 217). Tectonic setting characterized by extension of the upper crust, manifested by formation of rift valleys or basin and range physiography, with arrays of low to high tectonically angle normal faults. Modern examples include the North Sea, East Africa, and the defined Basin and Range of the North American Cordillera. Typically applied in continental extended terrane setting setting crustal settings. extra-terrestrial setting Material originated outside of the Earth or its atmosphere. fan delta setting A debris-flow or sheetflood-dominated alluvial fan build out into a lake or the sea. active spreading center fast spreading center setting setting Spreading center at which the opening rate is greater than 100 mm per year. The surface or strip of relatively smooth land adjacent to a river channel, constructed by the present river in its existing regimen and covered with water when the river overflows its banks. It is built of alluvium carried by the river during floods and river plain deposited in the sluggish water beyond the influence of the swiftest current. A river system has one floodplain and may have one or more terraces representing abandoned floodplain setting setting floodplains. plate margin forearc setting setting Tectonic setting between a subduction-related trench and a volcanic arc. continental- The exterior area of an orogenic belt where deformation occurs without significant crustal metamorphism. Generally the foreland is closer to the continental interior than other foreland setting setting portions of the orogenic belt are. biological forereef setting reef setting The seaward side of a reef; the slope covered with deposits of coarse reef talus. 27

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Name event environment Parent Definition A foreshore is the region between mean high water and mean low water marks of the tides. Depending on the tidal range this may be a vertical distance of anything from a foreshore few tens of centimetres to many meters. arid or Semi Arid environment gibber plain setting setting A desert plain strewn with wind-abraded pebbles, or gibbers; a gravelly desert. glacier A broad, gently sloping sheet of outwash deposited by meltwater streams flowing in related front of or beyond a glacier, and formed by coalescing outwahs fans; the surface of a glacial outwash plain setting setting broad body of outwash. glacier related glacier lateral setting setting Settings adjacent to edges of confined glacier. earth Earth surface setting with geography defined by spatial relationship to glaciers (e.g. on surface top of a glacier, next to a glacier, in front of a glacier...). Processes related to moving glacier related setting setting ice dominate sediment transport and deposition and landform development. proglacial Region of sediment deposition at the glacier terminus due to melting of glacier ice, glacier terminus setting setting melt-out, ablation and flow till setting. A setting influenced by glacial meltwater streams. This setting can be sub- en-, supra- glaciofluvial setting and proglacial. Ice margin lakes and other lakes related to glaciers. Where meltwater streams enter the lake, sands and gravels are deposited in deltas. At the lake floor, typivally glaciolacustrine setting rhythmites (varves) are deposited.Ice margin lakes and other lakes related to glaciers. A marine environment influenced by glaciers. Dropstone diamictons and dropstone glaciomarine setting muds are typical deposits in this environment. An elongate trough or basin, bounded on both sides by high-angle normal faults that dip toward one another. It is a structual form that may or may not be graben geomorphologically expressed as a rift valley. marine The deepest oceanic environment, i.e., over 6,000 m in depth. Always in deep sea hadal setting setting trench. half-graben A elongate , asymmetric trough or basin bounded on one side by a normal fault. earth High pressure environment characterized by geothermal gradient significantly lower high pressure low temperature interior than standard continental geotherm; environment in which blueschist facies Earth interior setting setting metamorphic rocks form. Typically associated with subduction zones. Earth surface setting characterized by surface slope angles high enough that gravity alone becomes a significant factor in geomorphic development, as well as base-of- earth slope areas influenced by hillslope processes. Hillslope activities include creep, sliding, surface slumping, falling, and other downslope movements caused by slope collapse induced hillslope setting setting by gravitational influence on earth materials. May be subaerial or subaqueous. Tectonic setting in the internal part of an orogenic belt, characterized by plastic deformation of rocks accompanied by significant metamorphism, typically involving continental- crystalline basement rocks. Typically denotes the most structurally thickened part of crustal an orogenic belt, between a magmatic arc or collision zone and a more 'external' hinterland tectonic setting setting foreland setting. Setting in a zone of high heat flow from the mantle. Typically identified in intraplate tectonically settings, but hot spot may also interact with active plate margins (Iceland...). Includes defined surface manifestations like volcanic center, but also includes crust and mantle hot spot setting setting manifestations as well. human environment setting Human environment setting. earth humid temperate climatic surface setting setting Setting with seasonal climate having hot to cold or humid to arid seasons. earth surface humid tropical climatic setting setting Setting with hot, humid climate influenced by equatorial air masses, no winter season. earth Igneous environment close to the Earth's surface, characterized by more rapid cooling interior than plutonic setting to produce generally fine-grained intrusive igneous rock that is hypabyssal setting setting commonly associated with co-magmatic volcanic rocks. intraplate inactive spreading center tectonic setting setting Setting on oceanic crust formed at a spreading center that has been abandoned. neritic inner neritic setting setting The ocean environment at depths between low tide level and 30 metres. deltaic A pronounced indentation of the delta front between advancing stream distributaries, system occupied by shallow water, and either open to the sea or partly enclosed by minor interdistributary bay setting setting distributaries. subaqueous Pertaining to the benthic ocean environment or depth zone between high water and intertidal setting setting low water; also, pertaining to the organisms of that environment. 28

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Name event environment Parent Definition intracratonic setting A basin formed within the interior region of a continent, away from plate boundaries. tectonically defined intraplate tectonic setting setting Tectonically stable setting far from any active plate margins. The low, nearly flat, alluvial tract of land at or near the mouth of a river, commonly forming a triangular or fan-shaped plain of considerable area, crossed by many distributaries of the main river, perhaps extending beyond the general trend of the deltaic lake shore, resulting from the accumulation of sediment supplied by the river in such system quantities that it is not removed by waves or currents. Most deltas are partly subaerial lacustrine delta setting setting and partly below water. terrestrial Setting associated with a lake. Always overlaps with terrestrial, may overlap with lacustrine setting setting subaerial, subaqueous, or shoreline. A shallow stretch of salt or brackish water, partly or completely separated from a sea shoreline or lake by an offshore reef, barrier island, sand or spit (Jackson, 1997). Water is lagoonal setting setting shallow, tidal and wave-produced effects on sediments; strong light reaches sediment. Human influence setting making land capable of more intensive use by changing its general character, as by drainage of excessively wet land, irrigation of arid or semiarid land; or recovery of submerged land from seas, lakes and rivers, restoration after land reclamation setting human-induced degradation by removing toxic substances. Settings characterized by very low surface slope and proximity to shoreline. Generally shoreline within peritidal setting, but characterized by low surface gradients and generally low- low energy shoreline setting setting energy sedimentary processes. earth low pressure high temperature interior Setting characterized by temperatures significantly higher that those associated with setting setting normal continental geothermal gradient. bathyal lower bathyal setting setting The ocean environment at depths between 1000 and 3500 metres. continental- Continental crustal setting characterized by upper amphibolite to granulite facies lower continental-crustal crustal metamorphism, in situ melting, residual anhydrous metamorphic rocks, and ductile setting setting flow of rock bodies. delta plain The part of a delta plain which is penetrated by saline water and is subject to tidal lower delta plain setting setting processes. That part of the mantle that lies below a depth of about 660 km. With increasing depth, density increases from ~4.4 g/cm3 to ~5.6 g/cm3, and velocity of compressional mantle seismic waves increases from ~10.7 km/s to ~13.7 km/s (Dziewonski and Anderson, lower mantle setting setting 1981). oceanic- Setting characterized by dominantly intrusive mafic rocks, with sheeted dike crustal complexes in upper part and gabbroic to ultramafic intrusive or metamorphic rocks in lower oceanic-crustal setting setting lower part. earth interior The zone of the Earth below the crust and above the core, which is divided into the mantle setting setting upper mantle and the lower mantle, with a transition zone separating them. arid or Semi Setting characterized by arid to semi-arid conditions on restricted coastal plains mostly Arid above normal high tide level, with evaporite-saline mineral, tidal-flood, and eolian environment deposits. Boundaries with intertidal setting and non-tidal terrestrial setting are marginal marine sabkha setting setting gradational. (Jackson, 1997, p. 561). A shallow submerged plateau separated from continental landmasses, on which high biological carbonate production rates produce enough sediment to maintain the marine carbonate platform marine platform surface near sea level. Grades into atoll as area becomes smaller and ringing setting setting coral reefs become more prominent part of the setting. subaqueous marine setting setting Setting characterized by location under the surface of the sea. meandering river channel river channel Produced by a mature stream swinging from side to side as it flows across its setting setting floodplain or shifts its course laterally toward the convex side of an original curve. active spreading medium-rate spreading center center setting setting Spreading center at which the opening rate is between 50 and 100 mm per year. ocean Ocean highland associated with a divergent continental margin (spreading center). highland Setting is characterized by active volcanism, locally steep relief, hydrothermal activity, mid ocean ridge setting setting and pelagic sedimentation. bathyal middle bathyal setting setting The ocean environment at water depths between 600 and 1000 metres. continental- crustal Continental crustal setting characterized by greenschist to upper amphibolite facies middle continental crust setting setting metamorphism, plutonic igneous rocks, and ductile deformation. neritic middle neritic setting setting The ocean environment at depths between 30 and 100 metres. 29

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Name event environment Parent Definition mining area setting Human influence setting in which mineral resources are extracted from the ground. A relatively level area of fine grained material (e.g. silt) along a shore (as in a sheltered low energy estuary or chenier-plain) or around an island, alternately covered and uncovered by shoreline the tide or covered by shallow water, and barren of vegetation. Includes most tidal mud flat setting setting flats, but lacks denotation of tidal influence. marine The ocean environment at depths between low-tide level and 200 metres, or between neritic setting setting low-tide level and approximately the edge of the continental shelf. marine Broad category for subaqueous marine settings characterized by significant relief ocean highland setting setting above adjacent sea floor. ocean Region of elevated ocean crust that commonly rises to within 2-3 km of the surface highland above an abyssal sea floor that lies several km deeper. Climate and water depths are oceanic plateau setting setting such that a marine carbonate platform does not develop. That type of the Earth's crust which underlies the ocean basins. The oceanic crust is 5- 10 km thick; it has a density of 2.9 g/cm3, and compressional seismic-wave velocities crustal travelling through it at 4-7.2 km/sec. Setting in crust produced by submarine volcanism oceanic-crustal setting setting at a mid ocean ridge. neritic The ocean environment at depths between 100 meters and approximately the edge of outer neritic setting setting the continental shelf or between 100 and 200 meters. tectonically Boundary of continental crust into oceanic crust of an oceanic basin that is not a passive continental margin defined subduction zone or transform fault system. Generally is rifted margin formed when setting setting ocean basin was initially formed. A gently sloping erosional surface developed at the foot of a receding hill or mountain slope. The surface may be essentially bare, exposing earth material that extends beneath adjacent uplands; or it may be thinly mantled with alluvium and colluvium, ultimately in transit from upland front to basin or valley lowland. In hill-foot slope terrain the mantle is designated "pedisediment." The term has been used in several geomorphic contexts: Pediments may be classed with respect to (a) landscape positions, for example, intermontane-basin piedmont or valley-border footslope piedmont surfaces (respectively, apron and terrace pediments (Cooke and Warren, 1973)); (b) slope system type of material eroded, bedrock or regolith; or (c) combinations of the above. pediment setting setting compare - Piedmont slope. Location on gentle slope at the foot of a mountain; generally used in terms of intermontane-basin terrain. Main components include: (a) An erosional surface on bedrock adjacent to the receding mountain front (pediment, rock pediment); (b) A constructional surface comprising individual alluvial fans and interfan valleys, also near the mountain front; and (c) A distal complex of coalescent fans (bajada), and alluvial subaerial slopes without fan form. Piedmont slopes grade to basin-floor depressions with alluvial piedmont slope system setting setting and temporary lake plains or to surfaces associated with through drainage. tectonically defined plate margin setting setting Tectonic setting at the boundary between two tectonic plates. tectonically defined Tectonic setting where new oceanic crust is being or has been formed at a divergent plate spreading center setting setting plate boundary. Includes active and inactive spreading centers. arid or semi arid The usually dry and nearly level plain that occupies the lowest parts of closed environment depressions, such as those occurring on intermontane basin floors. Temporary playa setting setting flooding occurs primarily in response to precipitation-runoff events. earth Setting with climate dominated by temperatures below the freezing temperature of surface water. Includes polar deserts because precipitation is generally scant at high latitude. polar climatic setting setting Climatically controlled by arctic air masses, cold dry environment with short summer. The part of a delta that is below the effective depth of wave erosion, lying beyond the deltaic delta front, and sloping gently down to the floor of the basin into which the delta is system advancing and where clastic river sediment ceases to be a significant part of the basin- prodelta setting setting floor deposits; it is entirely below the water level. glacier Immediately in front of or just beyond the outer limits of a glacier or ice sheet, related generally at or near its lower end; said of lakes, streams, deposits, and other features proglacial setting setting produced by or derived from the glacier ice. A stony platform of reef rock, landward of the reef crest at or above the low tide level, biological occasionally with patches of living coral and associated organisms, and commonly reef flat setting reef setting strewn with coral fragments and coral sand. earth interior Metamorphism not obviously localized along contacts of igneous bodies; includes regional metamorphic setting setting burial metamorphism and ocean ridge metamorphism. The bed where a natural body of surface water flows or may flow; a natural river plain passageway or depression of perceptible extent containing continuously or periodically system flowing water, or forming a connecting link between two bodies of water; a river channel setting setting watercourse.

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Name event environment Parent Definition Geologic setting dominated by a river system; river plains may occur in any climatic setting. Includes active channels, abandoned channels, levees, oxbow lakes, flood terrestrial plain. May be part of an alluvial plain that includes terraces composed of abandoned river plain system setting setting river plain deposits. shoreline rocky coast setting setting Shoreline with significant relief and abundant rock outcrop. A small, undrained, shallow depression in which water accumulates and evaporates, salt pan leaving a salt deposit. aeolian process sand plain setting setting A sand-covered plain dominated by aeolian processes. Setting that consists of a conical mountain on the ocean floor (guyot). Typically intraplate characterized by active volcanism, pelagic sedimentation. If the mountain is high tectonic enough to reach the photic zone, carbonate production may result in reef building to seamount setting setting produce a carbonate platform or atoll setting. Geologic settings characterized by location adjacent to the ocean or a lake. A zone of indefinite width (may be many kilometers), bordering a body of water that extends earth from the water line inland to the first major change in landform features. Includes surface settings that may be subaerial, intermittently subaqueous, or shallow subaqueous, but shoreline setting setting are intrinsically associated with the interface between land areas and water bodies. marine The part of a subaqueous basin that is between a bordering shelf setting, which slope-rise setting setting separate the basin from an adjacent landmass, and a very low-relief basin plain setting. active spreading center slow spreading center setting setting Spreading center at which the opening rate is less than 50 mm per year. river plain system Setting characterized by a place where groundwater flows naturally from a rock or the spring setting setting soil onto the land surface or into a water body. A prograded shore built seaward by waves and currents, and continuous for some shoreline distance along the coast. It is characterized by subparallel beach ridges and swales, in strandplain setting setting places with associated dunes. Setting at the interface between the solid earth and the atmosphere, includes some earth shallow subaqueous settings in river channels and playas. Characterized by conditions surface and processes, such as erosion, that exist or operate in the open air on or immediately subaerial setting setting adjacent to the land surface. earth surface Setting situated in or under permanent, standing water. Used for marine and subaqueous setting setting lacustrine settings, but not for fluvial settings. plate margin Tectonic setting at which a tectonic plate, usually oceanic, is moving down into the subduction zone setting setting mantle beneath another overriding plate. glacier related Formed or accumulated in or by the bottom parts of a glacier or ice sheet; said of subglacial setting setting meltwater streams, till, moraine, etc. marine Large fan-shaped cones of sediment on the ocean floor, generally associated with submarine fan setting setting submarine canyons that provide sediment supply to build the fan. glacier "Carried upon, deposited from, or pertaining to the top surface of a glacier or ice related sheet; said of meltwater streams, till, drift, etc. " (Jackson, 1997, p. 639). Dreimanis supraglacial setting setting (1988, p. 39) recommendation that "supraglacial" supersede "superglacial" is followed. shoreline supratidal setting setting Pertaining to the shore area marginal to the littoral zone, just above high-tide level. A water-saturated, periodically wet or continually flooded area with the surface not deeply submerged, essentially without the formation of peat. Marshes are wetland characterized by sedges, cattails, rushes, or other aquatic and grasslike vegetation. swamp or marsh setting setting Swamps are characterized by tree and brush vegetation. tectonically defined setting Setting defined by relationships to tectonic plates on or in the Earth. earth Setting characterized by absence of direct marine influence. Most of the subaerial surface settings are also terrestrial, but lacustrine settings, while terrestrial, are not subaerial, terrestrial setting setting so the subaerial settings are not included as subcategories. subaqueous A major channel followed by the tidal currents, extending from offshore into a tidal tidal channel setting setting marsh or a tidal flat. An extensive, nearly horizontal, barren tract of land that is alternately covered and uncovered by the tide, and consisting of unconsolidated sediment (mostly mud and tidal flat setting tidal setting sand). It may form the top surface of a deltaic deposit. swamp or A marsh bordering a coast (as in a shallow lagoon or sheltered bay), formed of mud marsh and of the resistant mat of roots of salt-tolerant plants, and regularly inundated during tidal marsh setting setting high tides; a marshy tidal flat.

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Name event environment Parent Definition shoreline tidal setting setting Setting subject to tidal processes. transform plate boundary plate margin Plate boundary at which the adjacent plates are moving laterally relative to each setting setting other. crustal Crust formed in the transition zone between continental and oceanic crust, during the transitional-crustal setting setting history of continental rifting that culminates in the formation of a new ocean. earth ultra high pressure crustal interior Setting characterized by pressures characteristic of upper mantle, but indicated by setting setting mineral assemblage in crustal composition rocks. bathyal upper bathyal setting setting The ocean environment at water depths between 200 and 600 metres. continental- upper continental crustal crustal Continental crustal setting dominated by non metamorphosed to low greenschist setting setting facies metamorphic rocks, and brittle deformation. The part of a delta plain essentially unaffected by basinal processes. They do not differ delta plain substantially from alluvial environments except that areas of swamp, marsh and lakes upper delta plain setting setting are usually more widespread and channels may bifurcate downstream. That part of the mantle which lies above a depth of about 660 km and has a density of 3.4 g/cm3 to 4.0 g/cm3 with increasing depth. Similarly, P-wave velocity increases from about 8 to 11 km/sec with depth and S wave velocity increases from about 4.5 to mantle 6 km/sec with depth. It is presumed to be peridotitic in composition. It includes the upper mantle setting setting subcrustal lithosphere the asthenosphere and the transition zone. oceanic- crustal Oceanic crustal setting dominated by extrusive rocks, abyssal oceanic sediment, with upper oceanic crustal setting setting increasing mafic intrusive rock in lower part. plate margin volcanic arc setting setting A generally curvillinear belt of volcanoes above a subduction zone. waste and material deposition Human influence setting in which non-natural or natural materials from elsewhere are area setting deposited. A Wet to sub-humid climate is according Thornthwaite's climate classification system wet to sub-humid setting associated with rain forests (wet), forests (humid) and grassland (sub-humid). earth Setting characterized by gentle surface slope, and at least intermittent presence of surface standing water, which may be fresh, brackish, or saline. Wetland may be terrestrial wetland setting setting setting or shoreline setting.

Source:

INSPIRE Thematic Working Group Geology (2013): D2.8.II.4 INSPIRE Data Specification on Geology – Technical Guidelines. European Commission Joint Research Centre (Ispra). P. 279 ff https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/documents/Data_Specifications/INSPIRE_DataSpecification_GE_v3.0.pdf

The relevant INSPIRE codelist you will find here: http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/EventEnvironmentValue

2.1.2. “Event Process” [“INSPIRE Data Specifications on Geology”, 2013]

Name event process Parent Definition tectonic The addition of material to a continent. Typically involves convergent or transform accretion process motion. metamorphic General term for any change in the mineralogical or chemical composition of a rock. alteration process Typically related to interaction with hydrous fluids. biological precipitation deposition The deposition of minerals from solution by the agency of organisms. Breakdown of rocks by biological agents, e.g. the penetrating and expanding force of roots, the presence of moss and lichen causing humic acids to be retained in contact biological weathering weathering with rock, and the work of animals (worms, moles, rabbits) in modifying surface soil. bolide impact The impact of an extraterrestrial body on the surface of the earth. 32

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Name event process Parent Definition material transport and Covering of the surface with a material liquid during processing and solidifying casting deposition afterwards. The deposition of mineral matter by precipitation from solution or as a result of chemical precipitation deposition chemical reactions. May be sedimentary or hydrothermal. The process of weathering by which chemical reactions (hydrolysis, hydration, oxidation, carbonation, ion exchange, and solution) transform rocks and minerals into new chemical combinations that are stable under conditions prevailing at or near the chemical weathering weathering Earth's surface; e.g. the alteration of orthoclase to kaolinite. bolide cometary impact impact The impact of a comet on the surface of the earth. metamorphic Metamorphism taking place in rocks at or near their contact with a genetically related contact metamorphism process body of igneous rock. tectonic Fragmentation of a continental plate into two or more smaller plates; may involve continental breakup process rifting or strike slip faulting. tectonic continental collision process The amalgamation of two continental plates or blocks along a convergent margin. A collective term to describe the stirring and churning of unconsolidated material cryoturbation mass wasting resulting from frost action. Laminar high-concentration, generally cohesionless deposition process. Flow types mechanical included liquefied flow, fluidized flow, grain flow, traction carpet or modified grain debris flow deposition deposition flow. Mixing of loose surface material by ploughing deeper than frequently done during deep ploughing annual soil cultivation deep water oxygen depletion Process of removal of oxygen from from the deep part of a body of water. Movement of rock bodies by displacement on fault or shear zones, or change in shape deformation of a body of Earth material. deformation twinning ductile flow Deformation of a crystal by gliding to produce crystallographic twinning. deluviation mass wasting Process of non-linear, grain-size selective erosion. Accumulation of material; the constructive process of accumulation of sedimentary sedimentary particles, chemical precipitation of mineral matter from solution, or the accumulation deposition process of organic material on the death of plants and animals. Deposition of sediment from ice by melting or pushing. The material has been deposition by or from moving transported in the ice after entrainment in the moving ice or after deposition from ice other moving fluids on the ice. Deposition of sediment from air, in which the sediment has been transported after deposition from air entrainment in the moving air. Deposition of sediment from moving water or air, in which the sediment is transported by entrainment in the moving fluid. Constrast with debris flow or turbidity mechanical current deposition in which movement of fluid/sediment mixture is due to deposition from fluid deposition incorporation of sediment in fluid. Deposition of sediment from moving water or air, in which the sediment is transported by entrainment in the moving fluid. Constrast with debris flow or turbidity mechanical current deposition in which movement of fluid/sediment mixture is due to deposition from moving fluid deposition incorporation of sediment in fluid. Deposition of sediment from water, in which the sediment has been transported after deposition from water entrainment in the moving water or after deposition from other moving fluids. Any chemical, physical, or biological process that affects a sedimentary EarthMaterial after initial deposition, and during or after lithification, exclusive of weathering and diagenetic process metamorphism. Grain-scale, ductile deformation accomplished by the motion of atoms through diffusion creep ductile flow crystals, along grain boundaries, and through pore fluids. digging Repeated mixing of loose surface material by digging with a spade or similar tool. metamorphic Metamorphism concentrated along narrow belts of shearing or crushing without an dislocation metamorphism process appreciable rise in temperature. The process of dissolving into a homogenous solution, as when an acidic solution chemical dissolves limestone. In karst, refers to the process of dissolving rock to produce dissolution weathering landforms, in contrast to solution, the chemical product of dissolution. Deformation by dissolution under the effects of differential stress and its transport to dissolution creep ductile flow a new location by movement of fluid in the rock body. ductile flow deformation Deformation without apparent loss of continuity at the scale of observation. material transport and dumping deposition Heaping of mostly solid material, as in a land fill, mine dump, dredging operations. 33

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Name event process Parent Definition Eruptions characterized by low volatile content of the erupting magma relative to effusive eruption eruption ambient pressure. The process of disaggregation of rock and displacement of the resultant particles (sediment) usually by the agents of currents such as, wind, water, or ice by downward sedimentary or down-slope movement in response to gravity or by living organisms (in the case of erosion process bioerosion). magmatic The ejection of volcanic materials (lava, pyroclasts, and volcanic gases) onto the eruption process Earth's surface, either from a central vent or from a fissure or group of fissures. human excavation activity Removal of material, as in a mining operation. Process of disappearance of a species or higher taxon, so that it no longer exists extinction anywhere or in the subsequent fossil record. The process of fracturing, frictional slip, and displacement accumulation that produces faulting deformation a fault. Deformation in which planar surfaces become regularly curviplanar surfaces with folding deformation definable limbs (zones of lower curvature) and hinges (zones of higher curvature). fracturing deformation The formation of a surface of failure resulting from stress. Propagation of fractures due to expansion of freezing water in intergranular spaces physical and fractures in a rock body. Result is mechanical disintegration spliitting, or breakup frost shattering weathering of rock. geologic process Process that effects the geologic record. geomagnetic process Process that results in change in Earth's magnetic field. human grading activity Leveling of earth surface by rearrangement of prexisting material. Propagation of fractures in rock due to crytallization of mineral salts (typically sodium chloride) from interstitial water, or volumetrick expansion of salts in capillaries, or physical hydration pressure of interstitial, trapped salts. Generally results in mechanical haloclasty weathering disintegration of the rock surface. Eruption in which great quantities of extremely fluid basaltic lava are poured out, mainly issuing in lava fountains from fissures on the flanks of a volcano. Explosive phenomena are rare, but much spatter and scoria are piled into cones and mounds hawaiian eruption eruption along the vents. Characteristic of shield volcanoes. human activity Processes of human modification of the earth to produce geologic features. chemical The process of absorption of water into the crystal structure of a mineral, thereby hydration weathering changing its volume and fracturing and loosening grains. chemical A decomposition reaction involving water. In geology, it commonly indicates reaction hydrolysis weathering between silicate minerals and either pure water or aqueous solution. ice erosion erosion Erosion by corrasion or plucking by moving ice. Accumulation of dead organic material originating from the plants, e.g. peat in-situ organismic growth deposition accumulation in bogs. magmatic intrusion process The process of emplacement of magma in pre-existing rock. magmatic The process by which matter becomes crystalline, from a gaseous, fluid, or dispersed magmatic crystallisation process state. magmatic process A process involving melted rock (magma). geomagnetic magnetic field reversal process Geomagnetic event. The dislodgement and downslope transport of soil and rock material under the direct application of gravitational body stresses. In contrast to other erosion processes, the debris removed by mass wasting is not carried within, on, or under another medium. The mass properties of the material being transported depend on the interaction of mass wasting erosion the soil and rock particles and on the moisture content. A general term for the dislodgement and downslope transport of soil and rock material under the direct application of gravitational body stresses. In contrast to other erosion processes, the debris removed by mass wasting is not carried within, on, or under another medium. The mass properties of the material being transported depend on the interaction of the soil and rock particles and on the moisture content. Mass wasting includes slow displacements, such as creep and solifluction, and rapid movements such as rockfalls, rockslides, and cohesive debris flows (Jackson, 1997, p. mechanical 392). Includes both subaerial mass-wasting processes and subaqueous mass-wasting mass wasting deposition deposition processes. material transport and human deposition activity Transport and heaping of material, as in a land fill, mine dump, dredging operations. Process by which material that is being transported as particles by moving air, water, mechanical deposition deposition ice, or other fluid comes to rest and accumulates.

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Name event process Parent Definition magmatic melting process Change of state from a solid to a liquid. Mineralogical, chemical, and structural adjustment of solid rocks to physical and chemical conditions that differ from the conditions under which the rocks in question originated, and are generally been imposed at depth, below the surface zones of metamorphic process weathering and cementation. bolide meteorite impact impact The impact of a meteorite on the surface of the earth. microfracturing fracturing Development of fractures within a single grain or cutting several grains. human mixing activity Mixing tectonic The overthrusting of continental crust by oceanic crust or mantle rocks at a obduction process convergent plate boundary. Sediment accumulation of biologically produced organic material, as in bog, coal organic accumulation deposition swamps. tectonic orogenic process process Mountain building process. Chemical reaction that involve stripping of electrons from cations. Typicall reactions include converting sulfide minerals to oxide minerals, or increasing the oxidation state chemical of cations in existing oxide minerals. The most commonly observed is the oxidation of oxidation weathering Fe. Process of melting involving only some of the mineral phases in a rock, to produce a partial melting melting mixture of melt and residual particles. The process of weathering by which frost action, salt-crystal growth, absorption of water, and other physical processes break down a rock to fragments, involving no physical weathering weathering chemical change An explosive eruption in which a steady, turbulent stream of fragmented magma and pyroclastic magmatic gas is released at a high velocity from a vent. Large volumes of tephra and plinian eruption eruption tall eruption columns are characteristic. geomagnetic process of migration of the axis of the earth's dipole field relative to the rotation axis polar wander process of the Earth. propagation of fractures near the surface of solid rock due to expansion related to physical release of confining pressure when deeply buried rock is unroofed. Fractures typically pressure release weathering weathering propagate along surfaces close to and subparallel to the surface of the outcrop. Eruption produced by the generation and rapid expansion of a gas phase that disrupts pyroclastic eruption eruption magma, surrounding wall rock or sediment. near-range transport by water with predominantly changing the inner physical reworking mass wasting organisation of the sediment particles. continental rifting breakup Extension of the crust to form one or more long, narrow graben of regional extent. sea level change Process of mean sea level changing relative to some datum. sea level sea level fall change process of mean sea level falling relative to some datum. sea level sea level rise change process of mean sea level rising relative to some datum. material transport and covering of the surface with a non-liquid material not or little permeable for water sealing deposition after processing. A phenomenon that changes the distribution or physical properties of sediment at or sedimentary process near the earth's surface. A deformation in which contiguous parts of a body are displaced relatively to each other in a direction parallel to a surface. The surface may be a discrete fault, or the deformation may be a penetrative strain and the shear surface is a geometric shearing deformation abstraction. speciation Process that results inappearance of new species. A process whereby new oceanic crust is formed by upwelling of magma at the center tectonic of mid-ocean ridges and by a moving-away of the new material from the site of spreading process upwelling at rates of one to ten centimeters per year. Eruption characterized by jetting of clots or fountains of fluid, basaltic lava from a strombolian eruption eruption central crater. tectonic subduction process The process of one lithospheric plate descending beneath another. Processes related to the interaction between or deformation of rigid plates forming tectonic process the crust of the Earth.

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Name event process Parent Definition propagation of fractures near the surface of solid rock due to expansion and physical contraction caused by temperature changes. Fractures typically propagate along thermal shock weathering weathering surfaces close to and subparallel to the surface of the outcrop. A strike-slip fault that links two other faults or two other plate boundaries (e.g. two segments of a mid-ocean ridge). Transform faults often exhibit characteristics that distinguish them from transcurrent faults: (1) For transform faults formed at the same time as the faults they link, slip on the transform fault has equal magnitude at all points along the transform; slip magnitude on the transform fault can exceed the length of the transform fault, and slip does not decrease to zero at the fault termini. (2) For transform faults linking two similar features, e.g. if two mid-ocean ridge tectonic segments linked by a transform have equal spreading rates, then the length of the transform faulting process transform does not change as slip accrues on it. mechanical turbidity current deposition deposition Deposition from a turbulent, low concentration sediment-water mixture. Eruption characterized by the explosive ejection of fragments of new lava, commonly incandescent when they leave the vent but either solid or too viscous to assume any pyroclastic appreciable degree of rounding during their flight through the air. With these there vulcanian eruption eruption are often breadcrust bombs or blocks, and generally large proportions of ash. water erosion erosion Erosion by clast impact or plucking by moving liquid water. The process or group of processes by which earth materials exposed to atmospheric agents at or near the Earth's surface are changed in color, texture, composition, firmness, or form, with little or no transport of the loosened or altered material. weathering Processes typically include oxidation, hydration, and leaching of soluble constituents. wind erosion erosion Erosion by clast impact or plucking by moving air (wind).

Source:

INSPIRE Thematic Working Group Geology (2013): D2.8.II.4 INSPIRE Data Specification on Geology – Technical Guidelines. European Commission Joint Research Centre (Ispra). P. 297 ff https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/documents/Data_Specifications/INSPIRE_DataSpecification_GE_v3.0.pdf

The relevant INSPIRE codelist you will find here: http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/EventProcessValue

2.2. Faults

2.2.1. “Fault Type Value” (line feature) [“INSPIRE Data Specifications on Geology”, 2013]

Name fault type Parent Definition detachment fault A regional-scale, large displacement, low-angle normal fault. Fault with right-lateral strike-parallel displacement component of slip vector more than 10 times the dip-parallel component of the slip vector at at least one location along the dextral strike slip fault fault, and right-lateral displacement over more than half the mapped trace of the fault. A fault whose two sides have approached each other substantially in the direction extraction fault fault perpendicular to the fault. A discrete surface, or zone of discrete surfaces, with some thickness, separating two fault rock masses across which one mass has slid past the other. Fault that dips at least 45 degrees over more than half of its recognized extent, for high angle fault fault which slip or separation is not explicitly specified. Reverse fault that dips at least 45 degrees over more than half of its recognized extent, high angle reverse for which slip or separation is not explicitly specified. Fault that dips at least 45 degrees over more than half of the recognized extent of the fault with the hanging wall displaced from a structurally higher position relative to high-angle normal fault footwall rocks.

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Name fault type Parent Definition Fault that dips less than 10 degrees over more than half the recognized extent of the horizontal fault fault. High angle fault with slip vector that has ratio of strike-parallel to dip-parallel displacement between 10 to 1 and 1 to 10 at at least one location along the mapped trace, with left-lateral strike-parallel component and normal dip-parallel component left normal fault over at least half the mapped trace of the fault. High angle fault with slip vector that has ratio of strike-parallel to dip-parallel displacement between 10 to 1 and 1 to 10 at at least one location along the mapped trace, with left-lateral strike-parallel component and reverse dip-parallel component left reverse fault over at least half the mapped trace of the fault. Fault that dips less than 45 degrees over more than half of the recognized extent of the low angle fault fault fault. Fault that dips less than 45 degrees over more than half of the recognized extent of the fault with the hanging wall displaced from a structurally higher position relative to low-angle normal fault footwall rocks. mixed extraction fault An extraction fault with some displacement within the fault plane. Fault with dip-parallel displacement component of slip vector more than 10 times the strike-parallel component of the slip vector over more than half recognized extent of the fault, and for which the fault dips consistently in the same direction, and for which the normal fault hanging wall has been displaced down relative to the footwall. Fault with slip vector that has ratio of strike-parallel to dip-parallel displacement oblique slip fault fault between 10 to 1 and 1 to 10 at at least one location along the mapped trace of the fault. pure extraction fault An extraction fault with no discernible displacement within the fault plane. Fault with dip-parallel displacement component of slip vector more than 10 times the strike-parallel component of the slip vector at at least one location along the mapped trace of the fault, and the fault dips consistently in the same direction with the hanging reverse fault fault wall displaced up relative to the footwall over at least half the mapped trace of the fault. High angle fault with slip vector that has ratio of strike-parallel to dip-parallel displacement between 10 to 1 and 1 to 10 at at least one location along the mapped trace, with right-lateral strike-parallel component and normal dip-parallel component of right normal fault slip over at least half the mapped trace of the fault. High angle fault with slip vector that has ratio of strike-parallel to dip-parallel displacement between 10 to 1 and 1 to 10 at at least one location along the mapped trace, with a right-lateral strike-parallel component and reverse dip-parallel component right reverse fault of slip over at least half the mapped trace of the fault. A fault on which there is increasing offset or separation along the strike from an initial scissor fault fault point of no offset, with the opposite sense of offset in the opposite direction. Fault with left-lateral strike-parallel displacement component of slip vector more than 10 times the dip-parallel component of the slip vector at at least one location along the sinistral strike slip fault fault, and left-lateral displacement over more than half the mapped trace of the fault. Fault with strike-parallel displacement component of slip vector more than 10 times the dip-parallel component of the slip vector at at least one location along the mapped trace strike slip fault fault of the fault. Fault that dips less than 45 degrees over more than half of the recognized extent of the fault, with a hanging wall displaced from a structurally deeper position relative to thrust fault footwall rocks. A strike slip fault in which the fault plane dips at least 45 degrees over more than half of wrench fault the recognized extent of the fault.

Source:

INSPIRE Thematic Working Group Geology (2013): D2.8.II.4 INSPIRE Data Specification on Geology – Technical Guidelines. European Commission Joint Research Centre (Ispra). P. 206 ff https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/documents/Data_Specifications/INSPIRE_DataSpecification_GE_v3.0.pdf

The relevant INSPIRE codelist you will find here: http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/FaultTypeValue

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2.2.2. Structural feature status (line feature) EMODnet geology, WP 4

observed inferred

2.3. Geomorphology

2.3.1. Geomorphology (line features) EMODnet Geology – IQUAME Geomorphology Working Group]

Term Synonyms Description (definition) active fault fault,Shear A fault on which slip has occurrend recently and is likely to occur in the future. displacement Active faults are the locus of contemporary elastic strain accumulation, seismicity, structure, or fault creep. escarpement ancient cliff line palaeo-cliff line base of the continental Point of the continental slope where there is a general decrease in steepness or slope boundary with the upper limit of the continental rise glacial lineation glacial scoring mark Furrows and ridges on the seabed formed by advancing glaciers (in the movement direction of the glacier). palaeo-cliff line ancient cliff line the edge of a palaeo cliff (see palaeo cliff) ploughmarks (iceberg - ) scouring marks Furrows formed by drifting icebergs that have scraped into the seabottom. (Iceberg-)

2.3.2. General Physiographic features (polygon features) EMODnet geology, WP 4

Term (landform) Synonyms Definition Landforms / physiographic features (polygons) continental shelf continental The zone adjacent to a continent that is between the shoreline and a noticeable platform; shelf break in slope, to the steeper continental slope. continental slope The zone of steeply sloping seafloor that lie between continental shelves and the continental rise. continental rise The zone smoothly-surfaced between the continental slope and the abyssal plain, resulting from the accumulation of sediments. abyssal plain deep sea plain The zone lying on the foot of a continental rise at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. trench oceanic trench, A narrow elongate depression of the deep-sea floor, with steep sides, oriented marginal trench, parallel to the trend of the continent and between the continental margin and the seafloor trench abyssal hills. Such a trench is about 2 km deeper than the surrounding ocean floor, and may be thousands of kilometers long. It is wider and shallower than a trench, with less steeply dipping sides. Troughs and trenches are gradational forms; a trough may develop from a trench by becoming filled with sediment ridge, unspecified submarine ridge An elongated, steep-sided elevation of the ocean floor, having rough topography.

2.3.3. Landforms / physiographic features (polygon features) EMODnet Geology – IQUAME Geomorphology Working Group]

Term (landform) Synonyms Definition Landforms / physiographic features (polygons)

abyssal plain The zone lying on the foot of a continental rise at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. accumulative bar submerged bar Off- Bars are elongate ridges and mounds of sand or gravel deposited beyond a shore bar; shoreline by currents and waves. The term offshore bar has been used to describe both submerged bars, and emergent islands separated from a shoreline by a 38

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Term (landform) Synonyms Definition Landforms / physiographic features (polygons) lagoon, features more correctly identified as barrier islands. Submerged bars are only exposed at low tide, if ever, while barrier islands remain at least partially exposed, even at high tide. Because of this ambiguity, the term offshore bar is no longer used as a descriptor in coastal geomorphology. https://www.encyclopedia.com/earth-and-environment/ecology-and- environmentalism/environmental-studies/offshore-bars archipelago (islands and Coastal landscape, both below and above the sea level, which is not part of the straits) strandflat. Relative relief >50 m within a square of 1 km². Numerous small islands separated by straits make archipelagos a distinctive landscape type. area with pockmarks Area with depressions/craters on the seabottom created by seepage of gas or fluids from deeper layers area with slide deposits mass transport Area with slide deposits features bank An elevation of the seafloor, at depths generally less than 200 m, commonly found on the continental margin or near an island. beachrock, beach rock beach sandstone A friable to well-cemented sedimentary rock, formed in the intertidal zone in tropical or sub-tropical region, consisting of sand or gravel ( detrital and/or skeletal) cemented with calciumcarbonate; e.g. a thin clearly stratified, seaward-dipping calcarenite found on a sandy coral beach. beach ridge A low, essentially continuous mound of beach or beach-and-dune material heaped up by the action of waves and currents on the backshore of a beach, beyond the present limit of storm waves or the reach of ordinary tides, and occurring singly or as one of a series of approximately parallel deposits. The ridges are roughly parallel to the shoreline and represent successive positions of an advancing shoreline. bedform depositional undulated bedforms formed by the interaction between a flow (tides, waves and currents) and a sedimentary bed. They show a linear, elongated shape and a predominantly asymmetric transverse profile, displaying a wide range of spatial scales. (A field is an area with features) dune field – dune – dune crest, ripple field – ripple – ripple crest, sand ribbon field – ribbon – ribbon crest, sand ridge field – sand ridge – ridge crest, sand wave field – sand wave – sand wave crest, sediment bank field – sediment bank – bank crest, sediment wave field – sediment wave – wave crest, bench A terrace, shelf, or platform—usually narrow and relatively level, and backed by a steep grade—that breaks the continuous line of a slope is called a bench. Benches often mark former shorelines, and wave-cut terraces. black-smokers hydrothermavent Hot vent from where the fluids enriched on metals occurs. These fluids are heated chimney by geothermal processes and they have an unusual concentration of metals that precipitates along the vent, building it up. canyon submarine valley. (a) A steep-sided, V-profile trench or valley winding along the continetal shelf or Gully. continental slope, having tributaries and resembling an unglaciated, river-cut land canyon. (b) A general term for all valleys of the deep-sea floor. channel, In physical geography, a channel is a type of landform consisting of the outline of a channel thalweg path of relatively shallow and narrow body of fluid, most commonly the confine of a river, river delta or strait. The word is cognate to canal, and sometimes shows in this form, e.g. the Hood Canal. Most examples of this are fjords in the Pacific Northwest; a notable exception is the Casiquiare canal. All likely share borrowing from Spanish, Portuguese or French.

Channels can be either natural or human-made. A channel is typically outlined in terms of its bed and banks. See fluvial erosional landforms cold seep cold vent A cold seep (sometimes called a cold vent) is an area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs, often in the form of a brine pool. "Cold" does not mean that the temperature of the seepage is lower than that of the surrounding sea water. On the contrary, its temperature is often slightly higher.[1] Cold seeps constitute a biome supporting several endemic species.

Cold seeps develop unique topography over time, where reactions between methane and seawater create carbonate rock formations and reefs. These reactions may also be dependent on bacterial activity. Ikaite, a hydrous calcium carbonate, can be associated with oxidizing methane at cold seeps continental rise The zone smoothly-surfaced between the continental slope and the abyssal plain, resulting from the accumulation of sediments.

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Term (landform) Synonyms Definition Landforms / physiographic features (polygons) continental shelf The zone adjacent to a continent that is between the shoreline and a noticeable break in slope, to the steeper continental slope. continental shelf plain Plane on the continental shelf forming a relatively flat (relative relief <50 m) platform between the continental slope and the strandflat/coast. continental slope The zone of steeply sloping seafloor that lie between continental shelves and the continental rise. continental slope plain intraslope basin Plateau on the continental slope where the seabed has minor relief variations (relative relief <50 m) and usually a thick sediment cover. contourite deposit contourite deposit Any contour-current deposit, esp. a layer of coarse sediment in a marine mud sequence, usually consisting of fine sand or coarse silt, deposited on the continental rise by countour-following currents contourite drift Large-scale morphological expression of contourite deposition. Sediment accumulations deposited by contour currents with a mounded or sheeted in overall morphology and elongation more or less parallel to the continental margin coralmound Coral reef, reef A coral-algal or coral-dominated organic reef; a mound or ridge of in-place coral colonies and accumulated skeletal fragmants, carbonate sand, and limestone resulting from organic secretion of calcuim carbonate that lithifies colonies and sands current channel Channel in the seabed formed by currents debris-avalanche debris-flow deposit sediments deposited by a debris avalanche deposit debris flow laminar, cohesive flow of clasts in a fine-grained matrix debris avalanche Rapid flow of cohesion less rock fragments, blocks and clasts with energy dissipation by grain contact deep sea plain Abyssal plain Deep ocean floor below continental slope comprising both abyssal plane and continental rise. Relative relief is typically low (<50 m). delta an area of low, flat land, sometimes shaped like a triangle, where a river divides into several smaller rivers before flowing into the sea: delta lobe Ebb-tidal delta Shoal resultant from the sediment accumulations formed by the interaction of tidal and wave-generated currents on the seaward side of a tidal inlet dome Dome, in geology, any large or elliptical structure formed by the fractureless upwarping of rock strata. It is a type of anticline that lacks clear-cut elongation and that slopes outward in all directions from the highest point. https://www.britannica.com/science/dome-geology dune field, dune, dune see bedform crest drumlin streamlined mound A low, smoothly rounded, elongate oval hill, mound, or ridge of compact glacial till or, less commonly other kinds of drift (sandy till, varved clay), built under the margin of the ice and shaped by its flow, or carved out of an older moraine by readvancing ice; its longer axis is parallel to the direction of movement of the ice. It usually has a blunt nose pointing in the direction from which the ice approached, and a gentler slope tapering in the other direction. escarpment A long, more or less continuous cliff or relatively steep slope facing in one general direction, breaking the continuity of the land by separating two level or gently sloping surfaces. esker A long, narrow, sinuous, steep-sided ridge composed of irregularly stratified sand and gravel that was deposited by a subglacial or englacial stream flowing between ice walls or in an ice tunnel of a stagnant or retreating glacier, and was left behind when the ice melted. It may be branching and is often discontinuous, and its course can be at a high angle to the edge of the glacier. Eskers range in length from less than 100 m to more than 500 km (if gaps are included), and in height from 3 to more than 200 m. estuary Estuary (a) The seaward end or the widened funnelshaped tidal mouth of a river valley where fresh water comes into contact with seawater and where tidal effects are evident; e.g. a tidal river, or a partially enclosed coastal body of water where the tide meets the current of a stream. Cf: freshwater estuary; inverse estuary; positive estuary. (c) A drowned river mouth formed by the subsidence of land near the coast or by the drowning of the lower portion of a nonglaciated valley due to the rise of sea level. fan submarine delta A terrigeneous, cone- or fan shaped deposit located seaward of large rivers and submarine canyons. fjord Deep fjord (water depths >200m) with fjord sides rising to more than 200 m above sealevel. Fjord slopes are relatively steep (>15º), in places with cliffs and crags along most of the valley's length. Fjords of this type are usually isolated from the sea by well-defined thresholds. flood-tidal delta Sandy shoals formed on a rising (flooding) tide and found on the estuarine or lagoonward side of a tidal inlet (http://www.beachapedia.org/Flood_Tidal_Delta)

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Term (landform) Synonyms Definition Landforms / physiographic features (polygons) fluvial erosional Channel – channel thalweg, landforms gully – gully thalweg glacial scoring mark iceberg scours, One of a series of small, closely spaced, short curved scars or cracks (smaller than a (Iceberg) plough crescentic fracture) made by vibratory chipping of a firm but briddle bedrock marks, furrowed surface by rock fragments carried in the base of a glacier. Each mark is roughly seabed transverse to the direction of ice movement (altough a succession of such marks is parallel to that direction), and usually convex toward the direction from which the ice moved (its "horns" point in the direction of ice movemnet). The term has been applied loosely to any glacial crescentic mark. glacier erosional belongs to Escarpment formed by an eroding glacier escarpment escarpments gully, Submarine small valleys ubiquitous on the modern seafloor on both passive and gully thalweg active continental margins. See fluvial erosional landforms ice rafted debris field (a) Ice rafted debris (IRD) is a terrigeneous material transported within an matrix of ice and deposited in marine or lake sediments when teh Ice matrix melts. Ice rafting is the transport of various material by ice. Various objects deposited on ice may eventually become embedded in the ice. When the ice melts after a certain amount of drifting, these objects are deposited onto the bottom of the water body, e.g., onto a river bed or an ocean floor.[1][2] These deposits are called ice rafted debris (IRD) or ice rafted deposits. Ice rafting was a primary mechanism of sediment transport during glacial episodes of the Pleistocene when sea levels were very low and much of the land was covered by large masses (sheets) of ice. The rafting of various size sediments into deeper ocean waters by icebergs became a rather important process. Ice rafting is still a process occurring today although its impact is significantly less and much harder to gauge.

The melting of large icebergs deposits sediment of various sizes, usually referred to as glacial marine sediment, onto the shelf and deeper marine are infralittoral prograding A progradational sedimentary body which is developed from the mean fair-weather wedge wave-base level to the storm wave-base level between the beach and the inner continental shelf. It is generated by downwelling currents and associated seaward transport of sediment, showing lateral continuities of tens of kilometres and thickness of several metres intertidal flats Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide lagoon haff coastal lagoon marginal moraine Marginal or lateral moraines are elongate, parallel ridges of debris deposited along the sides of or in transport on a glacier surface. The unconsolidated debris may accumulate on the glacier surface by frost shattering of the marginal valley walls. The debris (morainic debris) is carried passively along the glacial margin until the glacier melts. When the transporting glacier melts, lateral moraines are usually preserved as high ridges. marine canyon Deep gorge with steep margins incised into the continental slope. marine valley trough Trough on the continental shelf, at places cutting into the strandflat, with a relative relief of >200 m and a width of >1km. moat An annular or partially annular depression commonly located at the base of seamounts, islands and other isolated elevations moraine Moraine a) is a positive landform originating from the accumulation of unconsolidated glacial deposition or debris in transport on or beneath a glacier or ice sheet. Moraines may be composed of debris ranging in size from fine-grained to boulders. The debris particles are typically sub-angular to rounded in form. Moraines may occur on land or where glacier- or iceberg-transported materials fall into a body of water as the ice melts

b)alternatively: A mound, ridge, or other distinct accumulation of unsorted, stratified glacial drift, predominantly till, deposited chiefly by direct action of glacier ice, in a variety of topographic landforms that are independent of control by the surface on which the drift lies moraine ridge glacial ridge Moraine ridge is a positive elongate landform originating from the accumulation of debris transported by a glacier or by material molded or thrust by a glacier or ice- sheet lobe (cf. moraine). The landform may have formed in terrestrial or sub- aquatic environments. mound Hill/ridge formed by a prograding glacier that has deposited large blocks eroded from the seabottom mud cone mud dome, mud A topographic high resultant of the subseafloor installation of a mud diapir diapir mud dome mud cone An accumulation, usually conical, of mud and rock ejected by volcanic gases (?) or escaping fluids? 41

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Term (landform) Synonyms Definition Landforms / physiographic features (polygons) mud volcano mud dome An accumulation, usually conical, of mud and rock ejected by escaping fluids open fjord Wide fjord of moderate depth (<200 m) with fjord sides rising <200 m above sealevel. Fjord slopes are relatively gentle (10º to 15º). palaeo-cliff ancient cliff, cliff, A vertical, or nearly vertical, rock exposure. This can be submerged or emergent. palaeocliff line, ancienbt cliff line pockmark A concave crater-like depression of the type that occurs in profusion on mud pockmark field bottoms across the Scotian Shelf (King and MacLean, 1970). They range in diameter from 15 to 45 meters and in depth from 5 to 10 meters. Pockmarks have also been found in the North Sea (Fannin, 1981) and elsewhere. Their origin is debatable but may be due to gas escape. pockmark field – an area with pockmarks prodelta belongs to delta The part of a delta lying beyond the delta front, and sloping gently down to the basin floor of the delta; it is entirely below the water level. reef 1 A ridge- or moundlike layered sedimentary rock structure built almost exclusively by organisms. 2 An offshore chain or range of rock or sand at or near the surface of the water. ridge, unspecified submarine ridge An elongated, steep-sided elevation of the ocean floor, having rough topography. ripple sedimentary ripple A small ridge of sand ressembling or suggesting a ripple of water and formed on the (ripple field, ripple, bedding surface of a sediment; specif. (a) ripple mark, or small sand wave similar ripple crest) to a dune in shape. (b) a general term for all sand waves with shapes simlar to small-scale ripples, no matter what the scale. See bedform. rocky outcrop Area where the underlying structure can be exposed at the seafloor resulting in a rough bathymetry with variable relief in areas of low sediment input or dominated by erosional processes. salt dome salt diapir A distinct elevation, often with a rounded profile, one km or more in diameter that is the geomorphologic expression of a diapir formed by vertical intrusion of salt. sand ribbon field, sand see bedform ribbon, ribbon crest sand ridge field, sand see bedform ridge, ridge crest sand wave A general term to describe very large subaqueous sand ripples. sand wave field, sand See bedform wave, sand wave crest sand bar Accumulative bar a ridge of sand in a river or sea, built up by the action of tides, currents, etc, and often exposed at low tide sand field extensive sand cover in which many dunelike irregularities characteristically are present on the surface. Sand fields lie behind some extensive sand beaches ans also occur inland. In deserts they are called ergs, sand seas seamount An elevation of the sea floor, 1000 m or higher, either flat-topped (called a guyot), or peaked (called a seapeak). sediment bank Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time´ (sediment bank field, See bedform sediment bank, bank crest) sediment wave Definition needed (sediment wave field, See bedform [….] large-scale depositional bedforms in deep-sea environments […]. […]The three sediment wave, wave genetic interpretations of sediment waves are (1) deposition by a contour current, crest) (2) deposition by a turbidity current and (3) soft-sediment deformation resulting in a ‘wave-like’ bedform (Faugères et al., 1999). Sometimes, interaction of two or three processes can be involved in the building of a single wave, making its genesis still more difficult to interpret (Faugères et al., 2002b).

After: Jean-Claude Faugères, Thierry Mulder, in Developments in Sedimentology, 2011 shallow inlets and bays large shallow inlets and bays shallow marine valley Trough on the continental shelf, with relative relief of 100-200 m. shelf Continental shelf The zone adjacent to an (insular) landmass that is between the shoreline and a noticeable break in slope, to the steeper insular slope. shelf break The zone where there is a marked increase in gradient to greater depths, making the transition between the continental or insular shelf to the continental or insular slope slide area landslide area Area influenced by sliding slide depression landslide depression Depression formed by slide masses that have plunged into the seabed

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Term (landform) Synonyms Definition Landforms / physiographic features (polygons) slide escarpment landslide Slide escarpment escarpment slide fan landslide fan Submarine fan mainly compising slide deposits. slide front landslide front Slide front slide scar landslide scar Slide scar

smooth continental Areas of continental slope between canyons and between the continental shelf slope break and the deep sea plain. strandflat A relatively flat crystalline bedrock platform, partially submerged. The strandflat consists of hilly plains or platforms with distinct boundaries to mountains/highlands on the landward side, and continental shelf on the seaward side. submarine landslide landslip, landsliding, A general term covering a wide variety of mass-movement landforms and slide (mass move), processes involving the downslope transport, under gravitational influence, of soil landslip and rock material en masse. Usually the displaced material moves over a relatively confined zone or surface of shear. The wide range of sites and structures, and of material properties affecting resistance to shear, results in a great range of landside morphology, rates, patterns of movement, and scale. Landsliding is usually preceded, accompanied, and followed by perceptible creep along the surface of sliding and/or within the slide mass. terrace A benchlike structure on the ocean floor thalweg Line joining the lowest points of successive cross-sections, either along a river channel or, more generally, along the valley that it occupies trench oceanic trench, A narrow elongate depression of the deep-sea floor, with steep sides, oriented marginal trench, parallel to the trend of the continent and between the continental margin and the seafloor trench abyssal hills. Such a trench is about 2 km deeper than the surrounding ocean floor, and may be thousands of kilometers long.It is wider and shallower than a trench, with less steeply dipping sides. Troughs and trenches are gradational forms; a trough may develop from a trench by becoming filled with sediment trough An elongate depression of the sea floor that is wider ans shallower than a trench, with less steeply dipping sides. Troughs and trenches are gradational forms; a trough may develop from a trench by becoming filled with sediment tunnel valley tunnel channels, A large, long, U-shaped valley originally cut under the glacial ice near the margin of subglacial valleys, continental ice sheets. Tunnel valleys were formed by subglacial erosion by water iceways, snake coils, and served as subglacial drainage pathways carrying large volumes of melt water. linear incisions Their cross-sections exhibit steep-sided flanks similar to fjord walls, and their flat bottoms are typical of subglacial glacial erosion. turbidite A sediment or rock deposited from, or inferred to have been deposited from, a turbidity current. It is characterized by graded bedding, moderate sorting, and well- developed primary structures in the sequence noted in the Bouma cycle. volcano volcanic dome volcano A naturally occurring vent or fissure at the *Earth’s surface through which erupt molten, solid, and gaseous materials. The *viscosity, gas content, and rate of extrusion of the *magma probably determine the shape of the mountain built by the *eruptions. The *magma may reach the surface either through a single channel (see central vent volcano), or through a series of vertical fractures (see fissure volcano). Types of eruptions are named after volcanoes associated with them. See hawaiian eruption;peléean eruption; plinian eruption; strombolian eruption; surtseyan eruption; vesuvian eruption; and vulcanian eruption.

2.3.4. Biogenic features [EMODnet geology – IQUAME Geomorphology Working Group]

Term (label) synonyms Description (definition)

annual vegetation of drift lines Annual vegetation of drift lines biogenic field or bed Reefs are rocky marine habitats or biological concretions that rise from the sea bed. They are generally subtidal but may extend as an unbroken transition to the intertidal zone, where they are exposed to the air at low tide. Two main types of reef can be recognised; those where structure is created by the animals themselves (biogenic reefs) and those where animal and plant communities grow on raised or protruding rock. Only a few invertebrate species are able to develop biogenic reefs, which are therefore restricted in distribution and extent. 43

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carbonate mound a seabed feature usually constructed from carbonate-producing organisms and current-controlled sedimentation. Carbonate mounds are a unique combination of cold-water coral framework and rubble, sediment deposition, and local hydrodynamic influence coastal shingle vegetation outside the Perennial vegetation of stony banks reach of waves cord-grass swards Spartina swards (Spartinion maritimae)

glasswort and other annuals Salicornia and other annuals colonising mud and sand colonising mud and sand salt meadows Atlantic salt meadows Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae)

vegetated sea cliffs Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic coasts

2.3.5. Natural Geomorphologic Feature Type [“INSPIRE Data Specifications on Geology”, 2013]

Table Natural geomorphologic feature types (in alphabetical order)

Label Definition Natural Geomorphologic Feature Type Description alluvial and Landscape-scale, natural geomorphologic alluvial and Geomorphologic landscapes and landforms dominantly fluvial features fluvial features include alluvial plains, fan piedmonts, related to concentrated water flow (channel flow). bajadas, river valleys, meander belts, canyonlands, and their respective remnants. Landform-scale, natural geomorphologic alluvial and fluvial features include V- shaped valleys and their related landforms (i.e.valley floor, valley border surfaces, diverse types of terraces, including paleoterraces, strath terraces, and stream terraces, and their related scarps) ephemeral and intermittent stream channels; draw and ravines; braided streams and related bars; natural levees and crevasse splays; alluvial flats; alluvial cones, alluvial fans and related features (i.e. fan skirt, fan collar, inset fan, fanhead trench); fan aprons; canyons (i.e. box and slot canyons); flood plains and related features (i.e. overflow stream channels, flood-plain playas, flood-plain splays, flood-plain steps and giant ripples); meanders and their related features (i.e. meander scars, meander scrolls, cutoffs, point bars, and ephemeral oxbow lakes); and their respective remnants. Other natural geomorphologic alluvial and fluvial features are bar- and-channels, grooves, gullies, diverse types of minor scarps, and current ripple marks. base slope A geomorphologic component of hills consisting of the concave to linear slope (perpendicular to the contour) which, regardless of the lateral shape, is an area that forms an apron or wedge at the bottom of a hillside dominated by colluvial and slope wash processes and sediments buried feature Landforms, geomorphologic surfaces, or paleosols covered by younger sediments. constructional Site of a landform that owes its origin, form, position, or feature general character to depositional (aggradational) processes, such as the accumulation of sediment crest A geomorphologic component of hills consisting of the convex slopes (perpendicular to the contour) that form the narrow, roughly linear top area of a hill, ridge, or other upland where shoulders have converged to the extent that little or no summit remains; dominated by erosion, slope wash and mass movement processes and sediments degradation A degradation feature is sometimes related to the A geomorphologic feature resulting from the wearing feature process of transportation; and sometimes the term is down or away, and the general lowering or reduction, of

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Label Definition Natural Geomorphologic Feature Type Description used synonimously with denudation feature, or used to the Earth's surface by natural processes of weathering signify the results of denudation. and erosion, and which may infer the processes of transportation of sediment. depression Any relatively sunken part of the Earth's surface; especially a low-lying area surrounded by higher ground. destructional Site of a landform that owes its origin, form, position, or feature general character to the removal of material by erosion and weathering (degradation) processes resulting from the wearing-down or away of the land surface. drainage Drainage pattern is related to the local geologic The configuration or arrangement of stream courses in pattern materials and structure, the geomorphologic features, an area, including gullies or first-order channelized flow and the geomorphic history of an area. Drainage pattern areas, higher order tributaries, and main streams. types include annular drainage pattern, centripetal drainage pattern, dendritic drainage pattern, deranged drainage pattern, integrated drainage pattern, karst drainage pattern, lack of drainage pattern, parallel drainage pattern, radial drainage pattern, rectangular drainage pattern, thermokarst drainage pattern and trellis drainage pattern. eolian features Landscape-scale, natural geomorphologic features Geomorphologic landscapes and landforms related to related to eolian environments include desert pavement wind-dominated environments. (reg) and gibber, deflation basins, sand plains, sand hills, dune fields and loess landscapes. Landform-scale features related to eolian environments include sand ramps and sand sheets; dune lakes, dune ponds, dune slacks and blowout depressions; diverse types of dunes (i.e. barchan dune, climbing dune, falling dune, parabolic dune, parna dune, longitudinal dune, seif dune, star dune, transverse dune, and stabilised and relict dunes) and related lanforms, as interdunes and foredunes; and loess-related landforms, as loess hills and loess bluffs. Minor features include dune features (windward slope, dune crest and slip face); small dunes, as shrub-coppice dunes and zibar; eolian ripples; yardang and yardang throughs; faceted stones and remnant features, as dune traces. erosion surface Landscape-scale erosional geomorphologic features Geomorphologic landscapes and landforms related include badlands, canyonlands, plains, and remnant dominantly to water erosion but excluding perennial features, as for example valley floor and eroded fan channel flow (i.e. fluvial, glaciofluvial) or eolian erosion. remnants. Landform-scale erosional geomorphologic features include inselbergs, monadnocks, knobs, knolls, stacks, buttes, cols, gaps, wind gaps or saddles. erosional A land surface shaped by the action of erosion, features especially by running water. exhumed Surfaces, landscapes or geomorphologic features (i.e a Formerly buried landforms, geomorphologic surfaces, or feature mountain,a peneplain or a fault scarp) that have been paleosols that have been re-exposed by erosion of the restored by exhumation to their previous status in the covering mantle. existing relief are also named resurrected features. free face A geomorphologic component of hills and mountains consisting of an outcrop of bare rock that sheds rock fragments and other sediments to, and commonly stands more steeply than the angle of repose of, the colluvial slope immediately below; most commonly found on shoulder and back slope positions, and can comprise part or all of a nose slope or side slope. glacial, Landscape-scale, natural geomorphologic features Geomorphologic landscapes and landforms related to to glaciofluvial, related to glacial, glaciofluvial, glaciolacustrine, glacial, glaciofluvial, glaciolacustrine and glaciomarine glaciolacustrine glaciomarine and outwash environments include ice environments. and sheets and continental and alpine-type glaciers; fjords; glaciomarine ice-margin complexes; outwash plains and till plains; features drumlin fields and glaciokarst areas. Landform-scale, natural geomorphologic features related to glacial, glaciofluvial, glaciolacustrine, glaciomarine and outwash environments include glacial cirques and their related features (aretes, cirque platform, cirque floor and cirque walls); glacial valleys and their related landforms (i.e. U-shaped valley; hanging valley; glacial-valley floor and glacial-valley wall features; nunatak); erratic blocks,

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Label Definition Natural Geomorphologic Feature Type Description diverse types of moraines (i.e. ground, lateral, medial and end moraines; hummocky moraines; terminal and desintegration moraines; esker and recessional moraines, and ice-pushed ridges) and relatd landforms, as kame and kettle; glacial drainage channels, tunnel valleys and ice-marginal streams; glacial, pro-glacial and tunnel-valley lakes and tarn; collapsed and reworked lacustrine features (i.e. collapsed lakeplains and collapsed ice floored or ice-walled lakebeds); and outwash plain-related landforms (head-of-outwash, outwash fans, outwash deltas, valley trains and outwash terraces; outwash plain collapse features and pitted outwash plain and terraces; fosse, drumlins, interdrumlins and drumlinoid riges; crag-and-tail and stoss-and-lee features), and other features as for example glacial potholes and swales, ice wedges, ice- wedge casts and ice-contact slopes, and roches moutonées, glacial flutes and glacial grooves. head slope Head slopes are dominated by colluvium and slope A geomorphologic component of hills consisting of a wash sediments (e.g., slope alluvium); contour lines laterally concave area of a hillside, especially at the form concave curves. Slope complexity (downslope head of a drainage way, resulting in converging overland shape) can range from simple to complex. Head slopes water flow. are comparatively moister portions of hillslopes and tend to accumulate sediments (e.g., cumulic soil profiles) where they are not directly contributing materials to channel flow. hill A hill can occur as a single, isolated mass or in a group. A A generic term for an elevated area of the land surface, hill can be further specified based on the magnitude of rising at least 30 metres to as much as 300 metres local relief: low hill (30 – 90 m) or high hill (90 - 300 above surrounding lowlands, usually with a nominal m). Informal distinctions between a hill and a mountain summit area relative to bounding slopes, a well-defined, are often arbitrary and dependent on local convention. rounded outline and slopes that generally exceed 15 percent. hydrothermal Examples of landscape-scale hydrothermal Geomorphologic landscapes and landforms related to features geomorphologic features are geyser basins. Landform- hydrothermal processes. scale hydrothermal geomorphologic features include geysers, their cones and other geyser-related landforms. Examples of microfeature-scale hydrothermal features related to hot springs are for instance mud pots. impact features Geomorphologic impact features include meteorite Geomorphologic landscapes and landforms related to craters and related features, as crater rim, crater slopes, the impact of extraterrestrial material on the Earth's crater bottom and ejecta-related landforms, and surface. cometary impact features. interfluve A geomorphologic component of hills consisting of the uppermost, comparatively level or gently sloped area of a hill; shoulders of back wearing hill slopes can narrow the upland or merge resulting in a strongly convex shape. karst and Landscape-scale features include karst landscapes Geomorphologic landscapes and landforms dominated chemical developed on carbonate or evaporitic rocks (i.e. cockpit by mineral dissolution, and commonly, subsurface weathering karst, cone karst, kegel karst, sinkhole karst and tower drainage. features karst) and landscapes developed on siliceous cristalline and metamorphic rocks (i.e. granite landscapes). Landform-scale, natural geomorphologic karstic and chemical weathering-related features include solution platforms, pavement karst, karst valleys or uvala (i.e. blind valleys, and interior valleys or polje), caves, sinkholes/dolines (i.e. solution sinkholes, collapse sinkholes, and cockpits), swallow holes, karst cones and towers, pinnacles, boulder piles, tors and chemical weathering yardangs. Other karst and chemical weathering features are for example karren, cutter, and solution pipes, chimneys, fisures and corridors. Tafoni and weathering pits, related to salt weathering, are common microfeatures developed on the exposed surfaces of siliceous clastic sedimentary rocks, and of siliceous cristalline and metamorphic rocks. lacustrine Landscape-scale, natural geomorphologic features Geomorphologic landscapes and landforms related to features related to lakes are lake plains, lacustrine shore inland permanent water bodies (lakes). complexes and relict features as pluvial lakes. Landform- 46

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Label Definition Natural Geomorphologic Feature Type Description scale, natural geomorphologic features related to lakes are the lacustrine backshore, including wetlands and related landforms (i.e. peat bogs and raised peat bogs); lacustrine beach plains; lacustrine beaches; lacustrine deltas and lacustrine delta plains; playas and related features (i.e. flood-plain playa, playa floor, playa rim, playa slopes and playa steps); and relict lacustrine features, as relict lakebeds, lacustrine terraces and their related scarps, and reworked lake plains. Other features include playettes, lacustrine shorelines and lacustrine strandlines. marine, littoral Marine, Littoral and Coastal Wetlands features include Geomorphologic landscapes and landforms related to and coastal landscape-scale geomorphologic features as for wave or tidal dynamics developed in marine, shallow wetlands example islands and barrier-islands, penninsulas and marine, near-shore and littoral zone environments, and features capes; atolls; coastal plain complexes; shore, shoreline those related to vegetated and / or shallow wet areas and shore-complexes; deltas and delta-plain complexes; tidal flats complexes; marine terraces, lowlands and beach complexes; and their respective relict geomorphologic features. Landform-scale geomorphpologic features include delta plain-related landforms (i.e. channel bifurcation and divergence; distributary channels and interdistributary flood basins) and deltaic submerged landforms (i.e. mouth bars); spits and tomboloes; strand plains; beaches and their related landforms (i.e. berm, beach ridge, swash zone, washover fans) and relict landforms (i.e. raised beaches); barrier beaches and their related landforms (i.e. back-barrier beach, barrier flat, back-barrier flat, barrier cove, tidal inlets; ebb and flood tidal deltas);chenier plains, mud flats, swamps, marshes (i.e. tidal or salt marshes) and related landforms (i.e tidal channel complexes and drainhead complexes); reefs; sea cliffs and headlands; wave-cut platforms, wave-cut terraces and their respective raised and submerged relicts; and shallow water subaquaeous landforms (i.e. submerged back-barrier beach, shoals and longshore bars). Other features are wave and current ripples, dune slacks, some potholes or vernal pools. mountain A mountain can occur as a single, isolated mass or in a A generic term for an elevated area of the land surface, group forming a chain or range. Mountains are primarily rising more than 300 metres above surrounding formed by tectonic activity and/or volcanic action and lowlands, usually with a nominal summit area relative to secondarily by differential erosion. bounding slopes and generally with steep sides (greater than 25 percent slope) with or without considerable bare-rock exposed. mountainbase A geomorphologic component of mountains consisting of the strongly to slightly concave colluvial apron or wedge at the bottom of mountain slopes. mountainflank A geomorphologic component of mountains characterized by very long, complex back slopes with comparatively high slope gradients and composed of highly-diverse colluvial sediment mantles, rock outcrops or structural benches. mountainslope A part of a mountain between the summit and the foot. mountaintop A geomorphologic component of mountains consisting of the uppermost, comparatively level or gently sloped area of mountains, characterized by relatively short, simple slopes composed of bare rock, residuum, or short-transport colluvial sediments. natural A geomorphologic feature produced by the natural geomorphologi dynamics. c feature nival, periglacial Landscape-scale, natural geomorphologic features Geomorphologic landscapes and landforms related to and permafrost related to periglacial and nival environments include the snow, non-glacial, cold climate environments; features large-scale features occurring in permafrost areas (i.e. geomorphologic landscapes and landforms occurring in thermokarst). Landform-scale, natural geomorphologic the vicinity of glaciers and ice sheets; geomorphologic features related to periglacial and nival environments landscapes and landforms related to ground, soil, or include patterned grounds, some peat-related rock that remains at or below 0º C for at least two landforms (i.e. peat plateaux, muskegs and string bogs); years. mound-like landforms, as pingos; rock glaciers and 47

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Label Definition Natural Geomorphologic Feature Type Description diverse soliflucion features; and snow-related features, as for example snow fields, avalanche chutes and avalanche cones. Microfeature-scale, natural geomorphologic features related to periglacial and nival environments include the circles or poligons in patterned grounds (stripes, sorted and non-sorted circles, low center and high center polygons); hummock and mound-like microfeatures, as turf hummocks and palsen; and snow-related microfeatures, as for example snow hollows. nose slope Nose slopes are dominated by colluvium and slope wash A geomorphologic component of hills consisting of the sediments (e.g., slope alluvium). Slope complexity projecting end (laterally convex area) of a hillside, (downslope shape) can range from simple to complex. resulting in predominantly divergent overland water Nose slopes are comparatively drier portions of flow; contour lines generally form convex curves. hillslopes and tend to have thinner colluvial sediments and profiles. pediment A pediment has typically developed by subaerial agents A gently sloping erosional surface developed at the foot (including running water) in an arid or semiarid region of a receding hill or mountain slope, commonly with a and is underlain by bedrock (occasionally by older slightly concave-upward profile, that cross-cuts rock or alluvial deposits) that may be bare but are more often sediment strata that extend beneath adjacent uplands. partly mantled with a thin discontinuous veneer of alluvium derived from the upland masses and transit across the surface. Examples include rock pediment, pedisediment, intermontane basin piedmont and terrace pediment. plain The geomorphic components of a simple, flat plain are Any flat area, large or small, at a low elevation; the rise [a broad, slightly elevated area with specifically an extensive region of comparatively smooth comparatively greater gradients (e.g., 1-3% slopes], the and level or gently undulaing land, having few or no talf [a comparatively level (e.g., 0-1% slopes), laterally prominent surface irregularities but sometimes having a extensive, non-fluvial area], and dip [a slight depression considerable slope, and usually at a low elevation with that is not a permanent water body nor part of an reference to surrounding areas. integrated drainage network]. relic Relic features include the surface landforms, A landform that has survived decay or disintegration, or geomorphologic surfaces, and paleosols that have never one that has been left behind after the disappearance been buried and yet are predominantly products of past of the greater part of its substance such as a remnant environments. Erosion remnant landforms, or island. topographic features that remain or are left satnding above the general land surface after erosion has reduced the surrounding areas, as for instance monadnock, butte, mesa or stack, are examples of relic features. side slope Side slopes are dominated by colluvium and slope wash A geomorphologic component of hills consisting of a sediments. Slope complexity (downslope shape) can laterally planar area of a hillside, resulting in range from simple to complex. The slope bounding a predominantly parallel overland water flow. Contour drainageway and lying between the drainageway and lines generally form straight lines. the adjacent interfluve. It is generally linear along the slope width. slope and Examples of slope and gravitational features include Geomorphologic landscapes and landforms related to gravitational landforms as colluvial aprons, scree slopes, talus cones, slope environments; geomorphologic landscapes and features talus slopes, landslides, as falls (rockfall, debris fall or landforms developed under the action of the soil fall), topples (rock topple, debris topple, earth gravitational force. topple) and their related features (main and minor scarps, sag, toe), slides (rotational slide, rotational debris slide, rotational earth slide, rotational rock slide, toreva block, translational slide, translational debris slide, translational earth slide, translational rock slide, block glide), flows (debris flow, debris avalanche, earth flow, rockfall avalanche, mudflow, sand flow, block stream), the diverse types of creep, spreads (lateral spread, debris spread, earth spread, rock spread) and complex landslides. Include natural subsidence areas. tectonic and Landscape-scale tectonic and structural geomorphologic Geomorphologic landscapes and landforms related to structural features include mountain systems, mountain ranges, regional or local bedrock structures, or crustal features plateaux, batholiths, fault-block mountains or rift movement; and geomorphologic landscapes and valleys. Landform-scale tectonic and structural landforms related dominantly to water erosion but geomorphologic features include the geomorphologic excluding perennial, channel flow (i.e. fluvial, expressions of folds, faults or diapirs, and other glaciofluvial), or eolian erosion. landforms as mesas, cuestas, scarps and escarpments, faceted spurs, hogbacks or strike valleys.

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[EMODNET IV: SEA-FLOOR GEOLOGY (WP 4)] 5. Juni 2020

Label Definition Natural Geomorphologic Feature Type Description volcanic Landscape-scale volcanic geomorphologic features Geomorphologic landscapes and landforms related to features include volcanic and lava fields, lava plateaux or lava the deep seated (igneous) processes by which magma fields. Landform-scale, volcanic geomorphologic and associated gases rise through the crust and are features include lava flows and related features (diverse extruded onto the earth's surface and into the types of scarps, levees, and lava flow surface features); atmosphere. lahars, calderas, the diverse types of cones and related rims, necks, domes, tubes, trenches, fissures and scarps. Volcanic geomorphologic features include also microfeatures as pressure ridges, tumuli, spatter cones or spiracles.

Source:

INSPIRE Thematic Working Group Geology (2013): D2.8.II.4 INSPIRE Data Specification on Geology – Technical Guidelines. European Commission Joint Research Centre (Ispra). P. 264 ff https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/documents/Data_Specifications/INSPIRE_DataSpecification_GE_v3.0.pdf

The relevant INSPIRE codelist you will find here: http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalGeomorphologicFeatureTypeValue

2.3.6. Geomorphologic Activity [“INSPIRE Data Specifications on Geology”, 2013]

Label Description Geomorphologic Activity active A geomorphologic process that is currently in a state of action, or that has been reactivated since a conventionally short period of time. dormant A geomorphologic process that has not shown signs of activity since a conventionally short period of time, and that could be reactivated by its original causes, or triggered by induced causes such as anthropogenic activities. reactivated A reactivated geomorphologic process is an active geomorphologic process which has been dormant. stabilised A stabilized geomorphologic process is an inactive process which has been protected from its original causes by remedial measures. inactive A relict or fossil geomorphologic process.

Source:

INSPIRE Thematic Working Group Geology (2013): D2.8.II.4 INSPIRE Data Specification on Geology – Technical Guidelines. European Commission Joint Research Centre (Ispra). P. 232 ff https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/documents/Data_Specifications/INSPIRE_DataSpecification_GE_v3.0.pdf

The relevant INSPIRE codelist you will find here: http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/GeomorphologicActivityValue

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