Chilenia Y Patagonia: ¿Un Mismo Continente a La Deriva?
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Structure, Petrography and Geochemistry EARTH SCIENCES
EARTH SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL GEOLOGY Earth Sci. Res. J. Vol. 24, No. 2 (June, 2020): 121-132 The Choiyoi Group in the Cordón del Plata range, western Argentina: structure, petrography and geochemistry Amancay Martinez1, Adrian Gallardo1,2, Laura Giambiagi3, Laura Tobares1 1San Luis National University, FCFMyN, Department of Geology, San Luis, Argentina 2CONICET (Argentina National Scientific and Technical Research Council), San Luis, Argentina. 3IANIGLA-CONICET CCT Mendoza. Adrián Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque San Martín. (5500). Mendoza, Argentina. * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Keywords: Choiyoi Group; magmatism; petrography; The Choiyoi Group from the Permo-Triassic, is one of the most conspicuous volcano-sedimentary suites of southern geochemistry; Gondwana; Argentina. South America, considered critical to understand the geological evolution of the western margins of Gondwana. In this regard, petrography, geochemistry, and structural data were examined to better elucidate the physical character and emplacement conditions of the unit in the Cordón del Plata range, within the Frontal Cordillera of Mendoza, Argentina. The site is representative of the magmatism and deformation through different Andean cycles. Results of the study indicate three facies of increasing felsic composition upwards. Mafic units consist of basalts, andesite and andesitic breccias at the base of the sequence. Felsic rocks such as rhyodacites, granites and welded tuffs are predominant above. The fault zone of La Polcura – La Manga is the most prominent structural feature in the region, which presumably controlled the emplacement of breccias and ignimbrites within the middle and upper members. These compositional variations suggest a magma evolution from subduction to a rifting environment after the San Rafael orogeny in the Late Palaeozoic. -
Basement Composition and Basin Geometry Controls on Upper-Crustal Deformation in the Southern Central Andes (30–36° S)
Geol. Mag.: page 1 of 17 c Cambridge University Press 2016 1 doi:10.1017/S0016756816000364 Basement composition and basin geometry controls on upper-crustal deformation in the Southern Central Andes (30–36° S) ∗ ∗ ∗ JOSÉ F. MESCUA †, LAURA GIAMBIAGI , MATÍAS BARRIONUEVO , ∗ ∗ ANDRÉS TASSARA‡, DIEGO MARDONEZ , MANUELA MAZZITELLI ∗ & ANA LOSSADA ∗ Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza, CONICET. Av. Ruiz leal s/n Parque General San Martín, Mendoza (5500) Argentina ‡Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Chile (Received 13 December 2015; accepted 5 April 2016) Abstract – Deformation and uplift in the Andes are a result of the subduction of the Nazca plate below South America. The deformation shows variations in structural style and shortening along and across the strike of the orogen, as a result of the dynamics of the subduction system and the features of the upper plate. In this work, we analyse the development of thin-skinned and thick-skinned fold and thrust belts in the Southern Central Andes (30–36° S). The pre-Andean history of the area determined the formation of different basement domains with distinct lithological compositions, as a result of terrane accretions during Palaeozoic time, the development of a widespread Permo-Triassic magmatic province and long-lasting arc activity. Basin development during Palaeozoic and Mesozoic times produced thick sedimentary successions in different parts of the study area. Based on estimations of strength for the different basement and sedimentary rocks, calculated using geophysical estimates of rock physical properties, we propose that the contrast in strength between basement and cover is the main control on structural style (thin- v. -
Crustal-Seismicity.Pdf
Tectonophysics 786 (2020) 228450 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Tectonophysics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto Crustal seismicity in the Andean Precordillera of Argentina using seismic broadband data T ⁎ Agostina Venerdinia,b, , Patricia Alvaradoa,b, Jean-Baptiste Ammiratia,1, Marcos Podestaa, Luciana Lópezc, Facundo Fuentesd, Lepolt Linkimere, Susan Beckf a Grupo de Sismotectónica, Centro de Investigaciones de la Geósfera y la Biósfera (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET– Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, UNSJ), San Juan, Argentina b Departamento de Geofísica y Astronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina c Instituto Nacional de Prevención Sísmica, San Juan, Argentina d YPF S.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina e Escuela Centroamericana de Geología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica f Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: In this study, we analyze 100 crustal Precordilleran earthquakes recorded in 2008 and 2009 by 52 broadband Crust seismic stations from the SIEMBRA and ESP, two temporary experiments deployed in the Pampean flat slab Focal mechanism region, between the Andean Cordillera and the Sierras Pampeanas in the Argentine Andean backarc region. Fold-thrust belt In order to determine more accurate hypocenters, focal mechanisms and regional stress orientations, we Andean retroarc relocated 100 earthquakes using the JHD technique and a local velocity model. The focal depths of our relocated Flat slab events vary between 6 and 50 km. We estimated local magnitudes between 0.4 ≤ M ≤ 5.3 and moment South America L magnitudes between 1.3 ≤ Mw ≤ 5.3. -
Geophysical Evidence for Terrane Boundaries in South-Central Argentina Carlos J
Gondwana Research, G! 7, No. 4, pp. 1105-1 116. 0 2004 International Association for Gondwana Research, Japan. ISSN: 1342-937X Geophysical Evidence for Terrane Boundaries in South-Central Argentina Carlos J. Chernicoff and Eduardo 0. Zappettini2 Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET),Universidad de Buenos Aires, E-mail: [email protected] ' Argentine Geological-Mining Survey (SEGEMAR). Av. Julio A. Roca 651, 8" piso, (1322) Buenos Aires, Argentina, E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author (Manuscript received July 24,2003; accepted January 26,2004) Abstract The geological interpretation of high-resolution aeromagnetic data over the La Pampa province, in central Argentina, in addition to lower resolution magnetic information from the region of the Neuquen and Colorado basins, leads to the definition of the precise boundaries of the Chilenia, Cuyania, Pampia and Patagonia terranes, as well as that of the Rio ..... de la Plata Craton, within the study region. The high-resolution aeromagnetic survey data are compared and studied in conjunction with all the available geological information, to produce a map of the solid geology of this region, which is largely covered by Quaternary sediments. A number of structures of different magnitudes, as we11 as their relative chronology, are also recognized, i.e., regional faults, sub-regional faults, fractures and shear zones, as well as the most conspicuous magnetic fabric of the basement that reflects its main planar structures. Three different basements are distinguished on the basis of their contrasting magnetic character, and are interpreted to represent the Cuyania and Pampia terranes and the Rio de la Plata Craton, separated from each other by large-scale discontinuities. -
PDF Linkchapter
Index Page numbers in italic denote Figures. Page numbers in bold denote Tables. Abanico extensional basin 2, 4, 68, 70, 71, 72, 420 Andacollo Group 132, 133, 134 basin width analogue modelling 4, 84, 95, 99 Andean margin Abanico Formation 39, 40, 71, 163 kinematic model 67–68 accommodation systems tracts 226, 227, 228, 234, thermomechanical model 65, 67 235, 237 Andean Orogen accretionary prism, Choapa Metamorphic Complex development 1, 3 20–21, 25 deformation 1, 3, 4 Aconcagua fold and thrust belt 18, 41, 69, 70, 72, 96, tectonic and surface processes 1, 3 97–98 elevation 3 deformation 74, 76 geodynamics and evolution 3–5 out-of-sequence structures 99–100 tectonic cycles 13–43 Aconcagua mountain 3, 40, 348, 349 uplift and erosion 7–8 landslides 7, 331, 332, 333, 346–365 Andean tectonic cycle 14,29–43 as source of hummocky deposits 360–362 Cretaceous 32–36 TCN 36Cl dating 363 early period 30–35 aeolian deposits, Frontal Cordillera piedmont 299, Jurassic 29–32 302–303 late period 35–43 Aetostreon 206, 207, 209, 212 andesite aggradation 226, 227, 234, 236 Agrio Formation 205, 206, 207, 209, 210 cycles, Frontal Cordillera piedmont 296–300 Chachahue´n Group 214 Agrio fold and thrust belt 215, 216 Neuque´n Basin 161, 162 Agrio Formation 133, 134, 147–148, 203, Angualasto Group 20, 22, 23 205–213, 206 apatite ammonoids 205, 206–211 fission track dating 40, 71, 396, 438 stratigraphy 33, 205–211 (U–Th)/He thermochronology 40, 75, 387–397 Agua de la Mula Member 133, 134, 205, 211, 213 Ar/Ar age Agua de los Burros Fault 424, 435 Abanico Formation -
Minerals-09-00550-V2.Pdf
minerals Article Implications of Hf Isotopes for the Evolution of the Mantle Source of Magmas Associated with the Giant El Teniente Cu-Mo Megabreccia Deposit, Central Chile Charles R. Stern 1,* , Kwan-Nang Pang 2, Hao-Yang Lee 2, M. Alexandra Skewes 1 and Alejandra Arévalo 3 1 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0399, USA; [email protected] 2 Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan; [email protected] (K.-N.P.); [email protected] (H.-Y.L.) 3 Escuela de Ingeniería, Universidad de O’Higgins, VI Región 2910000, Chile; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-303-492-7170 Received: 27 July 2019; Accepted: 10 September 2019; Published: 12 September 2019 Abstract: We have determined the Hf isotopic compositions of 12 samples associated with the giant El Teniente Cu-Mo megabreccia deposit, central Chile. The samples range in age from 8.9 to 2.3 Ma and ≥ provide information about the temporal evolution of their magmatic sources from the Late Miocene to Pliocene. Together with previously published data, the new analysis indicates a temporal decrease of 10 "Hf(t) units, from +11.6 down to +1.6, in the 12.7 m.y. from 15 to 2.3 Ma. These variations imply increasing incorporation of continental crust through time in the magmas that formed these rocks. The fact that the samples include mantle-derived olivine basalts and olivine lamprophyres suggests that these continental components were incorporated into their mantle source, and not by intra-crustal contamination (MASH). -
The Veladero High-Sulfidation Epithermal Au-Ag Deposit
THE VELADERO HIGH-SULFIDATION EPITHERMAL AU-AG DEPOSIT, ARGENTINA: VOLCANIC STRATIGRAPHY, ALTERATION, MINERALIZATION, AND QUARTZ PARAGENESIS by Elizabeth A. Holley A thesis submitted to the Faculty and the Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Geology). Golden, Colorado Date _________________ Signed:___________________________ Elizabeth A. Holley Signed:___________________________ Dr. Thomas Monecke Thesis Advisor Golden, Colorado Date _________________ Signed:___________________________ Dr. J. D. Humphrey Associate Professor and Head Department of Geology and Geological Engineering ii ABSTRACT The Veladero Au-Ag high-sulfidation epithermal deposit is located in the El Indio-Pasuca belt in Argentina. Veladero is an oxidized deposit that contained reserves of 12.2 Moz of Au and 226.2 Moz of Ag at the end of 2008. Ore is primarily hosted in silicified breccias. The volcanic package at Veladero is a coalescing complex of domes, diatremes, and hydrothermal breccia bodies, mantled by a thick apron of volcaniclastic deposits. These units are inferred to be of Cerro de las Tórtolas age (16.0 ± 0.2 to 14.9 ± 0.7 Ma) at Amable in the southern part of the Veladero area, and Vacas Heladas age (12.7 ± 0.9 to 11.0 ± 0.2 Ma) at Filo Federico in the northern part of Veladero. Emplacement of hydrothermal breccia units was accompanied or shortly followed by multiple pulses of magmatic-hydrothermal and alternating jarosite alteration from about 15.4 to 8.9 Ma. Alunite and jarosite 40Ar-39Ar ages and U-Pb zircon ages of crosscutting dikes restrict mineralization at Amable to the period from 15.4 to 12.14 0.11 Ma, probably commencing closer to 12.7 Ma. -
South American Triassic Events (245-200 Mya)
Topics South American n General Triassic Paleogeography Triassic Events (245- n Overview of events that occurred in SA in the Triassic and early Jurassic 200 mya) ¨ General geological layout Kristin Sturtevant n Main volcanic component of the Triassic n Late Triassic sediment deposition n Contrast to NA during this time period Triassic Paleogeography Cont’d n Pangea assembled, stable through most of time period, slowly “cracking” apart by late Triassic n Cracking creates a gap between Laurasia and Gondwana n Climate in this time is warm, and semi-arid to arid Overview Cont’d n Late Paleozoic subduction caused unstable crustal thickening along western coast n Strike-slip faulting along coast causing n Triassic volcanism a result of ending detachment, rifts fill with marine and fluvial convergence and intercontinental extension sediments ¨ Choiyoi group ¨ Ischigualasto Formation n Some subduction farther south along the coast, n During passive margin, sediment deposition in but most of continent in a passive margin by basins adjacent to margin mid -late Triassic n Subduction begins again in the mid Jurassic, forming a new magmatic arc 1 n Terranes from Paleozoic Choiyoi Group ¨ Pampean n Lower and Upper Members ¨ Lower-andesite, dacite ¨ Precordillera ¨ Upper-rhyolite ¨ Primary and frontal cordilleras n Characteristics n Accrentionary wedge from ¨ Pre-rift volcanics Paleozoic subduction ¨ Volcanic plutons and magmatic arcs n Volcanism from back arc ¨ Form igneous provinces basins and beginning ¨ Calc-alkaline extension n Crustal source -
A Comparison Based on 3D Regional Traveltime Tomography
1 Flat vs. Normal Subduction Zones: A Comparison Based on 3D 2 Regional Traveltime Tomography & Petrological Modeling of 3 Central Chile & Western Argentina (29°-35°S) 4 5 M. Marot(1), T. Monfret(1), M. Gerbault(1), G. Nolet(1), G. Ranalli(2), M. Pardo(3) 6 (1) Géoazur, UNSA, IRD, CNRS, OCA, (UMR 7329), 250 Albert Einstein, 06560 Valbonne, France 7 (2) Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B, Canada 8 (3) Departamento de Geofísica, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile 9 10 Abstract 11 Beneath central Chile and western Argentina, the subducting oceanic Nazca lithosphere 12 drastically changes geometry from dipping at an angle of 27-35° to horizontal, along the inferred 13 subduction path of the Juan Fernandez seamount Ridge (JFR). The aim of our study is to assess the 14 differences in the seismic properties of the overriding lithosphere in these two regions, in order to 15 better understand its deep structure and the links between its surface deformations and the geometry of 16 the slab. In comparison with previous studies, we show the most complete 3D regional seismic 17 tomography images for this region, whereby we use (1) a larger seismic dataset compiled from several 18 short-term seismic catalogs, (2) a denser seismic array enabling us to better resolve the subduction 19 zone from the trench to the backarc and into the upper ~ 30 km of the slab, and (3) a starting 1D 20 background velocity model specifically calculated for this region and refined over the years. -
Support for an Atype Pangea Reconstruction from Highfidelity Late
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 116, B12114, doi:10.1029/2011JB008495, 2011 Support for an “A-type” Pangea reconstruction from high-fidelity Late Permian and Early to Middle Triassic paleomagnetic data from Argentina Mathew Domeier,1 Rob Van der Voo,1,2 Renata N. Tomezzoli,3 Eric Tohver,4 Bart W. H. Hendriks,5 Trond H. Torsvik,2,5,6,7 Haroldo Vizan,3 and Ada Dominguez1 Received 29 April 2011; revised 21 September 2011; accepted 18 October 2011; published 31 December 2011. [1] A major disparity is observed between the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic apparent polar wander paths (APWPs) of Laurussia and Gondwana when the landmasses are re-assembled in a conventional “A-type” Pangea. This discrepancy has endured from the earliest paleomagnetic reconstructions of the supercontinent, and has prompted discussions of non-dipole paleomagnetic fields and alternative paleogeographic models. Here we report on a joint paleomagnetic-geochronologic study of Late Permian and Early to Middle Triassic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks from Argentina, which demonstrates support for an A-type model, without requiring modification to the geocentric axial dipole hypothesis. New SHRIMP U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar isotopic dating has reinforced the inferred age of the sequences, which we estimate at 264 Ma (Upper Choiyoi Group) and 245 Ma (Puesto Viejo Group). Field-stability tests demonstrate that the volcanic rocks are carrying early/primary magnetizations, which yield paleopoles: 73.7°S, 315.6°E, A95: 4.1°, N: 40 (Upper Choiyoi) and 76.7°S, 312.4°E, A95: 7.3°, N: 14 (Puesto Viejo). A comprehensive magnetic fabric analysis is used to evaluate structural restorations and to correct for magnetization anisotropy. -
Andean Flat-Slab Subduction Through Time
Andean flat-slab subduction through time VICTOR A. RAMOS & ANDRE´ S FOLGUERA* Laboratorio de Tecto´nica Andina, Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET *Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: The analysis of magmatic distribution, basin formation, tectonic evolution and structural styles of different segments of the Andes shows that most of the Andes have experienced a stage of flat subduction. Evidence is presented here for a wide range of regions throughout the Andes, including the three present flat-slab segments (Pampean, Peruvian, Bucaramanga), three incipient flat-slab segments (‘Carnegie’, Guan˜acos, ‘Tehuantepec’), three older and no longer active Cenozoic flat-slab segments (Altiplano, Puna, Payenia), and an inferred Palaeozoic flat- slab segment (Early Permian ‘San Rafael’). Based on the present characteristics of the Pampean flat slab, combined with the Peruvian and Bucaramanga segments, a pattern of geological processes can be attributed to slab shallowing and steepening. This pattern permits recognition of other older Cenozoic subhorizontal subduction zones throughout the Andes. Based on crustal thickness, two different settings of slab steepening are proposed. Slab steepening under thick crust leads to dela- mination, basaltic underplating, lower crustal melting, extension and widespread rhyolitic volcan- ism, as seen in the caldera formation and huge ignimbritic fields of the Altiplano and Puna segments. On the other hand, when steepening affects thin crust, extension and extensive within-plate basaltic flows reach the surface, forming large volcanic provinces, such as Payenia in the southern Andes. This last case has very limited crustal melt along the axial part of the Andean roots, which shows incipient delamination. -
Early Permian Arc-Related Volcanism and Sedimentation at the Western Margin of Gondwana: Insight from the Choiyoi Group Lower Section
Geoscience Frontiers 7 (2016) 715e731 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Geoscience Frontiers journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gsf Research paper Early Permian arc-related volcanism and sedimentation at the western margin of Gondwana: Insight from the Choiyoi Group lower section Leonardo Strazzere, Daniel A. Gregori*, Leonardo Benedini CONICET and Cátedra de Geología Argentina, Departamento de Geología, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina article info abstract Article history: Permian sedimentary and basic to intermediate volcanic rocks assigned to the Conglomerado del Río Received 4 January 2015 Blanco and Portezuelo del Cenizo Formation, lower part of the Choiyoi Group, crop out between the Received in revised form Cordon del Plata, Cordillera Frontal and Precordillera of Mendoza Province, Argentina. The sedimentary 7 August 2015 rocks are represented by six lithofacies grouped in three facies associations. They were deposited by Accepted 31 August 2015 mantled and gravitational flows modified by high-energy fluvial currents that evolved to low-energy Available online 19 October 2015 fluvial and lacustrine environments. They constitute the Conglomerado del Río Blanco, which cover unconformably marine Carboniferous sequences. Five volcanic and volcaniclastic facies make up the Keywords: fi Choiyoi group lower section beginning of volcanic activity. The rst volcanic event in the Portezuelo del Cenizo is basaltic to andesitic fl fl fl Conglomerado del Río Blanco lava- ows emplaced in the anks of volcanoes. Lava collapse produced thick block and ash ows. Cordillera Frontal Interbedding in the intermediate volcanic rocks, there are dacites of different geochemical signature, Argentina which indicate that the development of acidic volcanism was coetaneous with the first volcanic activity.