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The Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Louisiana

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The Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Louisiana Great Basin Naturalist Volume 36 Number 3 Article 6 9-30-1976 The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Louisiana Kenneth W. Stewart North Texas State University, Denton, Texas Bill P. Stark North Texas State University, Denton, Texas Thomas G. Higgins Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corp., Poughkeepsie, New York Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Stewart, Kenneth W.; Stark, Bill P.; and Higgins, Thomas G. (1976) "The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Louisiana," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 36 : No. 3 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol36/iss3/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF LOUISIANA^ Kenneth W. Stewart,^ Bill P. Stark,-* and Thomas G. Higgins* Abstract. — A list of species, illustrated keys to nymphs and adults, distribution, and biological notes are presented for 24 stonefly species occurring in Louisiana. Leuctra moha?, Pteronarcys dor- sata, Helopicus subvarians, Paragnetina kansensis, Paragnetina immarginata, Phasganophora capitata, and Acroneuria evoluta are recorded only from the florida parishes east of the Mississippi River. Isoperla coushatta. Isoperla mohri, Neoperla clymene, an undescribed Neoperla (Sp. A), Paragnetina fumosa, Acroneuria abnormis, Acroneuria arenosa, Perlinella drymo, and Perlesta placida are found both east and west of the Mississippi; and AUocapnia granulata, Allocapnia malverna, Amphinemoura nigritta, and three species of Taeniopteryx have been recorded only west of the Mississippi. Habitats are primarily sand-bottomed streams of pine-hardwood rolling hills, constituting a portion of the western Gulf Coastal Plain. Few stoneflies occur in streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, the Alluvial Atchafalaya Basin, or the lowlands along the Red River. Distribution and biology of the eco- flies along the lower Mississippi, and the logically important stoneflies are poorly fact that Louisiana was the only state that known for the Gulf Coastal Plain Physio- he had not visited. graphic Province of North America. Be- The potential habitats for stoneflies are cause this area was included in Ricker's generally limited in Louisiana to mostly (1964) "Southeastern" Glacial Refuge, sand-bottomed streams of: (1) the north its stonefly fauna has generally been con- central and western upland rolling hills, sidered similar to that of the Central and with their oak-hickory and shortleaf- Southern Appalachian and Ozark- Qua- loblolly pine forests, (2) the southwestern chita provinces. Recent discovery of three and central longleaf-slash pine-deciduous new Leuctra species and an Isoperla forest, and (3) mixed forests of the florida (James 1974) from Alabama, the en- parish region. The 50-100-mile-wide Mis- demicity of Allocapnia malverna Ross to sissippi Alluvial Plain of eastern Louisi- the Coastal Plain Province in Texas, ana, the alluvial Atchafalaya Basin along Oklahoma, and Arkansas (Stewart et al. the lower Mississippi, and the lowlands 1974), and discovery of two new Isoperla, along the Red River, cutting from the coushatta and sagittata, from East Texas northwestern corner through the central (Szczytko and Stewart 1976) suggest oc- portion of the state, are flat, characterized currence of considerable post-pleistocene by sluggish, highly silted streams, and are speciation on the coastal plains. generally devoid of stoneflies. These phys- This paper constitutes a review of Ple- iographic and vegetational features ren- coptera known from the West Gulf Coastal der Louisiana of special interest to fur- Plain and is the first comprehensive thering knowledge of present distribution treatment of the stoneflies of Louisiana. and possible past dispersals of Nearctic Previous collection effort is indicated by Plecoptera. the fact that only three species, Acroneu- ria evoluta Klapalek, Perlinella ephyre Methods (Newman), and Paragnetina immarginata (Say), were listed from the state by We began collecting in Louisiana in lilies (1966). Another species, Isoperla 1970. Our effort in the florida parishes guerinii (Pictet), was considered by was concentrated during the late winter lilies a nomen dubium (et oblitum). Ross and s})ring months, Feb. -June, 1971-1973, and Ricker (1971) plotted four localities and in December 1975. Northern and cen- in central Louisiana for Allocapnia mal- tral sections were extensively collected in verna and one for Allocapnia granulata December 1970, January and December (Claassen). Thus, a total of four valid 1971, January, February, and May 1973, species was attributed to Louisiana in the and March 1974. Limited collecting at literature through 1971. Ricker (1972) selected points throughout the state was mentioned the probable scarcity of stone- done over the five-year period. 'Study supported by the Faculty Research Fund of North Texas Stale University. '•'Professor and Research Associate, respectively. North Texas State University, Deiiton, Texas 7fi20? ^Present address: (;oiitral ITikIsdii Gas atid Klectrir Corp., Piiuphkeepsie, NY. 12602 366 . September 1976 STEWART ET AL: STONEFLIES OF LOUISIANA 367 Collecting expeditions often traversed trast. Photographs of ova were taken from over 1,000 miles. Streams were collected sf)ecimens collected in the indicated Coast- by a combination of methods, including al Plains state. sweeping streamside vegetation, using kick nets in riffles, actively searching List of Louisiana Stoneflies through leaf debris, removing and scruti- Systematic Treatment according to nizing submerged logs, actively searching Zwick (1973) among rocks and debris along stream Suborder Arctoperlaria margins, tapping emergent vegetation with Group Euholognatha a stick (good method for adult Taeniop- Family Leuctridae teryx), searching surfaces and cracks 1. Leuctra mohal Ricker^. around bridges and in some instances Family Taeniopterygidae searching around nearby lights at night 2. Taeriiopteryx burksi Ricker and Ross*. or operating a fluorescent light device at 3. Taeniopteryx lita Frison"*. streamside. 4. Taeniopteryx lonicera Ricker and Ross*. Distributional data and /or specimens Family Nemouridae 5. Amphinemura nigritta (Provancher)*. were obtained from Louisiana State Family Capniidae University at Batan Rouge, Smithsonian 6. AUncapnia granulata (Claassen). Institution, Harvard Museum of Compar- 7. AUncapnia malverna Ross. ative 7oolog\% University of Utah, Uni- Group Systellognatha versity of Kansas, and the Illinois Natural Family Pteronarcyidae History'' Surv^ey. 8. Pteronarcys dorsata (Say)*. aedeagi of The males were extruded Family Perlodidae by squeezing at time of collection or with 9. Helopicus subvarians (Banks)*. forceps in preserved specimens after 10. hoperla coushatta Szczytko and clearing in a 5 percent solution of KOH. Stewart*. 11. Isoperla mohri Frison*. Specimens of hoperla were compared to 12. hoperla sp. A. the t\'j)es of hoperla mohri Prison, ho- Family Perlidae pprla namata Prison, hoperla richardsoni 13. Neoperla clymene (Newman)*. Prison, and hoperla coushatta Szcz^^ko 14. Neoperla sp. A. and Stewart. TTie recent revisions by 15. Paragnetina fumosa (Banks)*. 16. Paragnetina immarginata (Say). Stark and Gaufin f 1976a, b) were fol- 17. Paragnetina kansensis (Banks)*. lowed in determinations of Perlidae. Ova 18. Phasganophora capitata (Pictet)*. were dissected from gravid females, 19. Acroneuria abnormis (Newman)*. mounted according to the techniques of 20. Acroneuria arenosa (Pictet)*. 21. Acroneuria evoluta Klapalek. Koss (1968), and examined using a Zeiss 22. Perlesta placida (Hagen)*. photomicroscope equipped with phase 23. Perlinella drymo (Newman)*. contrast and Nomarski interference con- 24. Perlinella ephyre (Newman) Key to the Adult Stoneflies of Louisiana 1. Paraglossae and glossae equal in length (Pig. 1) 2 Paraglossae longer than glossae (Pig. 2) 6 2(1). Gill remnants present on thorax and first two abdominal sterna; body length greater than 20 mm .. Pteronarcyidae; Pteronarcys dorsata^. Gill remnants absent from abdominal sterna; body length less than 15 mm 3 3(2). Pirst and second tarsal segments approximately equal in length; coxae with small round membranous area ventrally (Pig. 5) Taeniopterygidae; Taeniopteryx 19 Second tarsal segment shorter than first (Pig. 6); coxae without membranous area ventrally 4 4(3). Cerci multisegmented. Capniidae; Allocapnia 21 Cerci wdth one segment 5 5(4). Apical marginal space of forewing with oblique crossvein (Pig. 10); cervical gills present Nemouridae; Amphinemura nigritta 'Louisiana records represented by nvmphs only. 368 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST Vol. 36, No. 3 Apical marginal space of forewing without oblique crossvein; cervical gills absent Leuctridae; Leuctra moha?^. 6(1). Gill remnants usually present on sides and venter of thorax; arms of mesosternal Y-ridge poorly developed, but reaching to, or near, anterior corners of furcal pits (Fig. 4). Perlidae 7 Gill remnants absent from sides and venter of thorax; arms of mesosternal Y-ridge well developed and reaching posterior cor- ners of furcal pits (Fig. 3). Perlodidae 18 7(6). Apex of abdomen with a pair of dorsal sclerotized genital hooks (Figs. 11, 12) 8 Apex of abdomen without dorsal hooklike structures; posterior margin of eighth sternum
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