Abstracts and brief versions of the talks of the Seminar Session

Cladistic analysis of the in the Holarctic region (, Geometridae)

Sei-Woong Choi

Choi, S.-W. (2006): Cladistic analysis of the tribe Xanthorhoini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in the Holarctic region. – Spixiana 29/3: 201-202 Dr. Sei-Woong Choi, Department of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, South Korea; e-mail: [email protected]

The tribe Xanthorhoini, a tribe of the , is The purpose of the present study is to defi ne the a group of small to middle geometrid com- monophyly of the tribe and certain subgroups and prising more than 16 genera over the World. Previ- to reveal the phylogenetic relationships among ous studies indicated that this group is more or less genera in the Holarctic region. Fifty-nine morpho- a natural taxon, but the monophyly of the tribe is logical characters from head, body, wing and male not clearly defi ned and this resulted in the ambigu- and female genitalia were analysed. Thirty-eight ity of the phylogenetic relationships. Two diagnos- ingroup taxa were selected – 28 from the tic characters for the tribe were recognized: a large Palearctic, 6 species from the Nearctic and 4 species pair of coremata just distal to the 8th segment in the common in both Palearctic and Nearctic regions. male abdomen, and the presence of a ‘calcar’ in male A parsimony software package ‘Winclada’ (ver. genitalia. 1.00.08; K. Nixon, 1999) was implemented for fi nding

Cidaria fulvata lacteata ocellata stellata peribolata Scotopteryx sinensis Enchoria osculata pauperaria clavaria obscurata rivata unicata biangulata basochesiata Catarhoe obscura Juxtephria consentaria vittata bilineata polygrammata Glaucorhoe unduliferaria quadrifasiata Loxofidonia acidaliata Herbulotina grandis virgata Cataclysme riguata sabini Odontorhoe tianshanica Odontorhoe alexandria Odontorhoe icterica Xanthorhoe montanata Xanthorhoe incursata Xanthorhoe saturata Xanthorhoe abraxina Fig. 1. Most parsimonious cladogram of 38 putative Xanthorhoini species and 3 outgroup taxa (see text).

201 the most parsimonious cladogram. Three outgroup cladogram showed that two states, long and short taxa, fulvata, Stamnodes pauperaria, and Laren- coremata, occurred independently in different clades tia clavaria were chosen for rooting the cladog- and the state, long coremata, occurred three times rams. independently in the cladogram. The overlap of the One most parsimonious cladogram was found character ‘presence of calcar’ with the cladogram (L = 452, ci = 0.21, ri = 0.47). However, the resulting showed that the transition from the large, expanded cladogram (Fig. 1) is divided into two clades and shape of calcar to the digitate and relatively short does not support the monophyly of the Xanthorh- calcar occurred three times independently. The fu- oini. In the cladogram, Scotopteryx, Epirrhoe, and ture study including taxon sampling from the Ne- Euphyia were monophyletic, while Enchoria, Zeno- arctic region and character analysis from immature phleps, Odontorhoe, and Xanthorhoe were not mono- stages will reveal the monophyly of the Xantho rhoini phyletic. Overlapping the character ‘presence and and provide refi ned information on relationships length of coremata’ with the most parsimonious among ingroup taxa.

Cladistic analysis of the Larentiinae

Jaan Viidalepp

Viidalepp, J. (2006): Cladistic analysis of the subfamily Larentiinae. – Spixiana 29/3: 202-203 Dr. Jaan Viidalepp, Institute of Agronomy and Environmental studies, Estonian University of Life Sciences; e-mail: [email protected]

Altogether about 230 species from 125 mostly Hol- mata are attached to the ninth segment and the male arctic larentiine genera were studied preliminarily, eighth sternite is specialized to open the female col- checking the relations between traditionally recog- liculum during the early phase of copulation (Mik- nized tribes. Synapomorphies of main generic clades kola 1994). The structures are not homologous, as are coded in the fi nal matrix. Forty-six ingroup taxa well as the presence of two pairs of coremata on the and Idaea aversata (Linnaeus, 1758) as an outgroup male eighth abdominal segment in some Rheu- species were included, 129 characters coded as un- mapterini, and their sporadical occurrence in scat- ordered by convenience. The parsimony analysis tered cidariine and asthenine genera, judged by the using the application of Hennig86 yielded one differences in sclerotization of last abdominal seg- weighted tree of 795 steps length, with consistency ments. index, ci = 0,72 and rescaled consistency index, The labides are present in several clades. The ri = 0,89. 17 suprageneric groups are supported by valvae often are ornamented and projecting distally synapomorphic characters. at dorsal or ventral margin, or on both; only in the , the presence of a harpe is more or less Synthesis. The monophyly of generic groups is constant. analyzed using cladistic methodology, the sequence A peculiar, -type of ornamentation of of resulting clades is defi ned by other means. female bursa copulatrix with numerous spines hav- Larval chaetotaxy is studied fragmentarily. ing star-shaped or petaloid bases, is observed However, the Eudulini, , , within Geometridae only in some tribes of Laren- Rheumapterini a.s.o. to the , Chesiadini tiinae and in some species-groups of the sterrhine and (cf. Table 1) bear four secondary Idaea. If the groups with the Eupithecia-type setae laterally on the prolegs. The Lythriini, Xan- of bursa ornamentation are relatively derived, the thorhoini, Stamnodini, and Hydriomeni- groups with four secondary setae laterally on the ni have eight or more, the Euphyiini and larval prolegs are to be grouped with Eupitheciini, fi ve or six secondary setae (according to literature, and the larger number of setae on the prolegs results and original data). It is merely to decide which state to be less derived. An early analysis of Kuznetsov of this character is primitive, and which is de- (1969), based on food-plant associations of tortricids, rived. has shown the leading evolutionary trend from Males in three tribes, the Xanthorhoini, Cataclys- detritophagy to leaf-eating and further to antho- and mini and Euphyiini, have large coremata associated carpophagy. The are anthophagous, the with membranization of last but one and last ab- Eupitheciini are antho- and carpophagous. dominal segments. In the Eupitheciini, the core-

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