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Discovery of a Very Bright Strongly-Lensed Galaxy Candidate The Astrophysical Journal, 678:647–654, 2008 May 10 Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 08/22/09 DISCOVERY OF A VERY BRIGHT STRONGLY LENSED GALAXY CANDIDATE AT z 7.61 ≈ L.D. Bradley2, R.J. Bouwens3, H.C. Ford2, G.D. Illingworth3, M.J. Jee4, N. Ben´ıtez5, T.J. Broadhurst6, M. Franx7, B.L. Frye8, L. Infante9, V. Motta10, P. Rosati11, R.L. White12, W. Zheng2 Received 2007 September 21; accepted 2008 January 8 ABSTRACT Using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer IRAC imaging, we report the discovery of a very bright strongly lensed Lyman break galaxy (LBG) candidate at z 7.6 in the field of the massive galaxy cluster Abell 1689 (z =0.18). The galaxy candidate, which we∼ refer to as A1689-zD1, shows a strong z J break of at least 2.2 mag and is completely undetected (< 1 σ) in HST Advanced 850 − 110 Camera for Surveys (ACS) g475, r625, i775, and z850 data. These properties, combined with the very blue J110 H160 and H160 [4.5µm] colors, are exactly the properties of an z 7.6 LBG and can only − − 2 ∼ be reasonably fit by a star-forming galaxy at z =7.6 0.4 (χν =1.1). Attempts to reproduce these ± 2 properties with a model galaxy at z < 4 yield particularly poor fits (χν 25). A1689-zD1 has an ≥ observed (lensed) magnitude of 24.7 AB (8 σ) in the NICMOS H160 band and is 1.3 mag brighter than the brightest-known z -dropout galaxy. When corrected for the cluster magnification∼ of 9.3 850 ∼ at z 7.6, the candidate has an intrinsic magnitude of H160 = 27.1 AB, or about an L∗ galaxy at z 7∼.6. The source-plane deprojection shows that the star formation is occurring in compact knots of∼ size . 300 pc. The best-fit stellar population synthesis models yield a median redshift of 7.6, stellar 9 −1 masses (1.6 3.9) 10 M⊙, stellar ages 45 320 Myr, star-formation rates . 7.6M⊙ yr , and low reddening with− AV× 0.3. These properties are− generally similar to those of LBGs found at z 5 6. The inferred stellar≤ ages suggest a formation redshift of z 8 10 (t . 0.63 Gyr). A1689-zD1∼ is− the brightest observed, highly reliable z > 7.0 galaxy candidate∼ found− to date. Subject headings: cosmology: observations — galaxies: evolution — galaxies: formation — galaxies: high-redshift 1. INTRODUCTION (z & 6, t . 0.95 Gyr) and the contribution of star One of the most important frontiers of observational formation to cosmic reionization (Lehnert & Bremer cosmology is the characterization of the earliest galaxies 2003; Bunker et al. 2004; Yan & Windhorst 2004; in the universe. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST ) Bouwens et al. 2006). Recent WMAP optical depth has been at the forefront of such high-redshift searches, measurements indicate that reionization began be- tween z 8 15 (Spergel et al. 2007; Page et al. which have recently provided significant insights to ∼ − the mass assembly and buildup of the earliest galaxies 2007), while measurements of Gunn-Peterson absorp- tion troughs in SDSS quasars suggest reionization 1 Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble was complete by z 6 (Fanetal. 2006). High- Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, redshift galaxy searches∼ are now probing the era which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in of cosmic reionization (Hu et al. 2002; Kneib et al. Astronomy under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Based on observa- tions made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by 2004; Bouwensetal. 2004b; Egamietal. 2005; the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Mobasher et al. 2005; Stern et al. 2005; Richard et al. under NASA contract 1407. 2006; Iye et al. 2006; Bouwens & Illingworth 2006; 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins Univer- arXiv:0802.2506v2 [astro-ph] 13 May 2008 Stark et al. 2007; Bouwens et al. 2008, but also see sity, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218. 3 UCO/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy and As- Chary et al. 2007 regarding the Mobasher et al. 2005 trophysics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA object) and are beginning to characterize the luminosity 95064. 4 density and star-formation history of this important Department of Physics, 1 Shields Avenue, University of Cali- epoch (Yan & Windhorst 2004; Bunker et al. 2004; fornia, Davis, CA 95616. 5 Instituto de Matem´aticas y F´ısica Fundamental (CSIC), Giavalisco et al. 2004; Yan et al. 2005; Stanway et al. C/Serrano 113-bis, 28006, Madrid, Spain 2005; Bouwens & Illingworth 2006; Bouwens et al. 6 School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 2006). Early indications suggest that low-luminosity 69978, Israel. star-forming galaxies at high redshift (z > 6) likely 7 Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. play a significant role in reionizing the universe 8 Department of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, (Lehnert & Bremer 2003; Yan & Windhorst 2004; Dublin 9, Ireland. 9 Bouwens et al. 2006), but this needs to be verified by Departmento de Astronom´ıa y Astrof´ısica, Pontificia Universi- studying fainter galaxies at higher redshifts; galaxies at dad Cat´olica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile. 10 Departamento de F´ısica y Astronom´ıa, Universidad de Val- z & 7 represent the current high-redshift frontier. para´ıso, Av. Gran Breta˜na 1111, Valpara´ıso, Chile. Strong gravitational lenses produced by massive galaxy 11 European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse clusters provide an opportunity to observe the high- 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. redshift universe in unprecedented detail. The large 12 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218. magnifications provided by nature’s “cosmic telescopes” 2 BRADLEY ET AL. ′ ′ Fig. 1.— ACS color image (3.4 × 3.4 ) of Abell 1689. The regions surveyed by our followup NICMOS J110 and H160 images are illustrated by the blue and orange outlines, respectively. A1689-zD1 is located at J2000 coordinates α = 13h11m29.96s, δ = −1◦19′18.7′′ and is denoted by the red circle. The white contours represent the z = 7.6 critical curves (µ ≥ 200). increase both the flux and size of background sources. at z 7.6 in the field of the massive cluster Abell 1689. ∼ These gains make it possible to detect faint high-redshift We adopt a cosmology with Ωm = 0.3, ΩΛ = 0.7, and −1 −1 galaxies (Kneib et al. 1996; Pell´oet al. 1999; Ellis et al. H0 =70 km s Mpc . This provides an angular scale 2001; Hu et al. 2002; Kneib et al. 2004; Egami et al. of 5.0 kpc arcsec−1 at z =7.6. All magnitudes are given 2005; Frye et al. 2007) without requiring a huge invest- in the AB photometric system (Oke 1974). ment of observing time, such as that dedicated to the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (Beckwith et al. 2006). The 2. OBSERVATIONS AND PHOTOMETRY key to making the subsequent analyses viable is hav- 2.1. HST ACS and NICMOS Data ing detailed cluster magnification maps that constrain the “optics” of the “cosmic telescope”. Our team has Abell 1689 is a well-studied and massive galaxy clus- ter at z = 0.183. With an unequaled Einstein radius been among the first to overcome this difficulty by us- ′′ ing multiband HST ACS data to perform detailed stud- of 50 , it is the strongest gravitational lens known (Broadhurst∼ et al. 2005). We observed the central 3.4′ ies of massive rich galaxy clusters, including Abell 1689 ′ (Broadhurst et al. 2005; Zekser et al. 2006, Coe et al. 3.4 of Abell 1689 with a single pointing of the ACS × 2008, in preparation) and CL0024+17 (Jee et al. 2007), Wide Field Camera (WFC) in 2002 June (see Fig. 1). to a precision useful for studying the properties of the The observations consisted of 20 orbits divided among background galaxy population. four broadband filters: F475W (g475; 9500 s), F625W In this paper, we present the discovery of a bright (r625; 9500 s), F775W (i775; 11800 s), and F850LP (z850; strongly lensed Lyman break galaxy (LBG) candidate 16600 s). In 2005 May, we followed up our ACS observa- tions with 18 orbits of Near Infrared Camera and Multi- STRONGLY LENSED LYMAN BREAK GALAXY CANDIDATE 3 TABLE 1 Photometry Summary Measurement g475 r625 i775 z850 J110 H160 [3.6 µm] [4.5 µm] [5.8 µm] [8.0 µm] A1689-zD1 Observed Magnitude > 28.3 > 27.8 > 27.8 > 27.5 25.3 (0.1) 24.7 (0.1) 24.2 (0.3) 23.9 (0.3) > 23.9 > 23.4 A1689-zD1 Intrinsic Magnitude > 30.7 > 30.2 > 30.2 > 29.9 27.7 (0.1) 27.1 (0.1) 26.6 (0.3) 26.3 (0.3) > 26.3 > 25.8 Companion Magnitudea 27.4 (0.1) 26.4 (0.1) 26.1 (0.1) 25.9 (0.1) 25.0 (0.1) 24.3 (0.1) 25.0 (0.3) 24.3 (0.3) > 23.9 > 23.4 Note. — Errors (1 σ) are given in parenthesis. Intrinsic values were calculated assuming a cluster magnification of µ = 9.3 (see § 3). The [5.8 µm] and [8.0 µm] magnitudes are 1 and 2 σ upper limits, respectively. Because Abell 1689 lies in the plane of the ecliptic, the zodiacal light background is high and increases in the [5.8 µm] and [8.0 µm] bands, limiting our ability to detect the object in these two bands. a We include the photometry of this nearby source because it overlaps A1689-zD1 in the IRAC images and may therefore contaminate mildly our flux measurement of A1689-zD1.
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