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Sustainability of Community-Managed Rural Water Supply Systems in Amazonas, Peru: Assessing Monitoring Tools and External Support Provision Jacob E

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Sustainability of Community-Managed Rural Water Supply Systems in Amazonas, Peru: Assessing Monitoring Tools and External Support Provision Jacob E University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School October 2017 Sustainability of Community-Managed Rural Water Supply Systems in Amazonas, Peru: Assessing Monitoring Tools and External Support Provision Jacob E. Mangum University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Civil Engineering Commons, Public Health Commons, and the Sustainability Commons Scholar Commons Citation Mangum, Jacob E., "Sustainability of Community-Managed Rural Water Supply Systems in Amazonas, Peru: Assessing Monitoring Tools and External Support Provision" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7055 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sustainability of Community-Managed Rural Water Supply Systems in Amazonas, Peru: Assessing Monitoring Tools and External Support Provision by Jacob E. Mangum A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering with a concentration in Engineering for International Development Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering College of Engineering University of South Florida Major Professor: James R. Mihelcic, Ph.D. Mauricio E. Arias, Ph.D. Ryan W. Schweitzer, Ph.D. Date of Approval: September 29, 2017 Keywords: SIASAR, gravity-fed water system, drinking water, monitoring & evaluation, Sustainable Development Goals Copyright © 2017, Jacob E. Mangum DEDICATION To my parents, John and Linda, thank you for everything. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge all of the people that have made this thesis possible. First and foremost to Dr. James R. Mihelcic for his guidance and encouragement throughout this process and for giving me the opportunity to study at the University of South Florida. Special thanks, also, to my thesis committee: Dr. Mauricio E. Arias and Dr. Ryan W. Schweitzer. The motivation for this thesis comes from almost four years of living and working in Peru as a Peace Corps Volunteer. Thanks to Jorge Izaguirre, Maria Ysabel Moreno, Pilar Lores and the rest of the Peace Corps Peru staff for their support in the field. Thanks to all of the volunteers that I had the pleasure of serving alongside, especially my fellow WASH and Amazonas volunteers. Thanks to las familias Romani Cruz and Noriega Santiago for opening their homes to me. Thanks to the people of the Colcamar, where I served. A special thanks to the staff of the Dirección Regional de Vivienda, Construcción, y Saneamiento in Amazonas. I would also like to thank all of my family and friends in the US and Peru for their encouragement and companionship during the past four years. A special thanks to Mark Kalivoda and Stephanie Paredes for being along for the ride from the beginning, especially to Steph for hosting me during many months of thesis writing. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 0966410 and 1243510. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................1 1.1 Research Goal and Objectives .....................................................................................10 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................12 2.1 Peruvian Water and Sanitation Sector .........................................................................13 2.2 Área Técnica Municipal (ATM) and Juntas Administradoras de los Servicios de Saneamiento (JASS)................................................................................................19 2.3 Sustainability Assessments of Community-Managed Rural Water Systems ..............26 2.4 Community-Managed Rural Water Supply Sustainability Assessment Tools Used in Amazonas .......................................................................................................32 CHAPTER 3: METHODS .............................................................................................................37 3.1 IRB Approval ...............................................................................................................37 3.2 Data Sources ................................................................................................................37 3.3 Research Design...........................................................................................................38 3.4 Field Data Collection Design .......................................................................................40 3.4.1 Data Collection Techniques ..........................................................................40 3.4.2 Data Collection Instruments .........................................................................40 3.4.3 Sample Size ...................................................................................................42 3.4.4 Community Selection....................................................................................44 3.4.5 Participant Selection .....................................................................................44 3.4.6 Privacy and Informed Consent......................................................................45 3.5 Field Data Collection Process ......................................................................................46 3.5.1 Timeline ........................................................................................................46 3.5.2 Coordination .................................................................................................46 3.5.3 Community Visits .........................................................................................48 3.6 Comparison of the Three Sustainability Assessment Tools ........................................48 3.7 Analysis of the State of Community-Managed Rural Water Systems in Amazonas .....................................................................................................................50 3.8 Processing of Field Data and Analysis of Support Provided to JASS by the ATM .......................................................................................................................50 i CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .............................................................................52 4.1 Results from Question Mapping and Sustainability Assessment Tool Evaluation ...................................................................................................................52 4.1.1 Question Mapping ........................................................................................52 4.1.2 Sustainability Assessment Tool Evaluation ..................................................57 4.2 Discussion of Question Mapping and Evaluation Matrix Scores ................................59 4.3 Identification of Diagnostico Data for Use with SIASAR Framework .......................61 4.4 State of Community-Managed Rural Water Supply Systems in Amazonas ................63 4.3.1 SIASAR ........................................................................................................64 4.3.2 Trazadores .....................................................................................................69 4.5 Comparison of Individual Community Scores from SIASAR and Trazadores ...........74 4.6 Discussion of the State of Community-Managed Rural Water Supply Systems in Amazonas ..................................................................................................76 4.7 Assessment of the ATM Model for Direct Support Provision to JASS ......................77 4.7.1 Results from Six Communities Included in Primary Data Collection ..........78 4.8 Discussion of Field Data Results ................................................................................78 4.9 Research Limitations ...................................................................................................81 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................83 5.1 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................83 5.2 Recommendations ........................................................................................................86 5.2.1 Monitoring ....................................................................................................86 5.2.2 External Support ...........................................................................................87 5.2.3 Other Recommendations from Review of the Literature ..............................89 REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................91
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