DOCSLIB.ORG

Open Android What It Means to Be Open and Why You Would Care

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Open Android What it means to be open and why you would care Marko Gargenta marakana.com Slides, Video, etc. http://mrkn.co/f/375 About Marko Gargenta Developer of Android Bootcamp for Marakana. Instructor for 1,000s of developers on Android at Qualcomm, Cisco, Motorola, DoD and other great orgs. Author of Learning Android published by O’Reilly. Speaker at OSCON (3x), ACM, IEEE, SDC, AnDevCon. Co-Founder of SFAndroid.org Co-Chair of Android Open conference: AndroidOpen.com Agenda • Android Then & Now • Android Stack • The Meaning of Open • Open Source • Open Standards • Community Leadership • What Does This Mean to You? • Summary ANDROID THEN & NOW History and Possible Future 2005 Google buys Android, Inc. Work on Dalvik starts 2007 Open Handset Alliance announced Early SoRware Development Kit 2008-2010 Android becomes the dominant mobile plaorm 2011 Games, Tablets, TVs Future? Beyond phones Vision for Android Our goal is not just a single device. Our vision is a mobile platform that runs on many many different devices. – Eric Schmidt ANDROID STACK The Stack Applications Home Contacts Phone Browser Other Application Framework Activity Window Content View Manager Manager Providers System Package Telephony Resource Location Notiication Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager Libraries Surface Media SQLite Android Runtime Manager Framework Core Libs OpenGL FreeType WebKit Dalvik VM SGL SSL libc Display Camera Linux Kernel Flash Binder Driver Driver Driver Driver Keypad WiFi Audio Power Driver Driver Driver Mgmt Linux Kernel Android™ Stack Android runs on top of Linux. Applications Home Contacts Phone Browser Other Linux provides: Hardware abstraction layer Memory management Application Framework Process management Activity Window Content View Manager Manager Providers System Networking Package Telephony Resource Location Notiication Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager Key reasons for Linux: It’s secure Libraries Surface Media SQLite Android Runtime It’s portable Manager Framework Core Libs It’s open source OpenGL FreeType WebKit Dalvik VM SGL SSL libc Display Camera Linux Kernel Flash Binder Driver Driver Driver Driver Keypad WiFi Audio Power Driver Driver Driver Mgmt Nave Libraries Pieces borrowed from other Applications open source projects: Home Contacts Phone Browser Other Bionic, a super fast and small Application Framework license-friendly libc library optimized Activity Window Content View Manager Manager Providers System for Android Package Telephony Resource Location Notiication Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager HAL in userspace Libraries Surface Media SQLite Android Runtime Manager Framework WebKit library for fast HTML Core Libs rendering OpenGL FreeType WebKit Dalvik VM SGL SSL libc Media codecs offer support for major audio/video codecs Display Camera Linux Kernel Flash Binder Driver Driver Driver Driver Keypad WiFi Audio Power SQLite database Driver Driver Driver Mgmt Much more… Dalvik Dalvik VM is Android implementation of Java VM Dalvik is optimized for mobile devices: • Battery consumption • CPU capabilities Key Dalvik differences: • Register-based versus stack-based VM • Dalvik runs .dex files • More efficient and compact implementation • Different set of Java libraries than JDK Applicaon Framework The rich set of system services wrapped in an intuitive Java API. Location, web, telephony, WiFi, Bluetooth, notifications, media, camera, just to name a few. Application Framework makes it easy to develop for Android. Applicaons Many apps… … as well as markets. Android and Java Based on Apache Harmony Java and Dalvik VM, Android’s Java is as open as it gets. Although Oracle disagrees. THE MEANING OF OPEN Open Source IniZave • Free redistribuZon • Source code • Derived works • Integrity of author’s source code • No discriminaon against person or groups • No discriminaon against field of endeavor • DistribuZon of license • License not specific to product • License must not restrict other soRware • License must be technology neutral Andy Rubin: DefiniZon of Open Meaning of Open, Jonathan Rosenberg • Open Technology – Open standards – Open source • Open Informaon – Valuable to users – Transparent about informaon – Control: user is in control • Open systems win http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/12/meaning-of-open.html Open Android, according to Marko Open means:! ⸰ Open Source! ⸰ Open Standards! ⸰ Community Leadership! OPEN SOURCE Open Source Licenses http://opensource.org/licenses/ Openness of The Stack Open, Apache 2 Open, Apache 2 Open, various licenses Dalvik is open, Apache 2 Mostly proprietary or (L)GPL What about Honeycomb? No source for Honeycomb. But this seems to be an exception. “Our approach remains unchanged: there are no lock-downs or restrictions against customizing UIs. There are not, and never have been, any efforts to standardize the platform on any single chipset architecture. … As soon as this work is completed, we’ll publish the code. This temporary delay does not represent a change in strategy. We remain firmly committed to providing Android as an open source platform across many device types.” - Andy Rubin Android and Linux Android's kernel is separate fork of Linux Linux community rejected Google's changes Linux changes still point of contention OPEN STANDARDS Android and Open Standards • Use open standards where possible • Leave slots where proprietary is beaer • Create new standards where needed Example: Media Support Audio AAC LC/LTP, HE-AACv1 (AAC+), HE- AACv2, AMR-NB, AMR-WB, MP3, MIDI, RTTTL/RTX, Ogg, PCM/WAVE Video H.263, H.264, MPEG-4, VP8 Image JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP Missing many codecs and native support. Expansion available via Khronos OpenMax IL Example: VPN Support Support for VPN built-in: PPTP, L2TP, L2TP/IPSec PSK VPN, L2TP/IPsec CRT VPN But missing key enterprise VPNs, such as Cisco and Juniper. Solution via Raccoon “expansion slot”. COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP Open Handset Alliance From 34 to 80+ members Includes OEMs, chip vendors, operators, software companies. Still learning to work together. Private Roadmap Not a public roadmap. Community input is observed, but no promises are made. This represents a problem for OEMs planning future device releases. Bear Hugging Favorite OEM for each release. For G1/Dev1, Nexus One: HTC For Nexus S: Samsung For Xoom: Motorola Different terms for different OEMs? “We’re more like Apple than Microsoft” – Andy Rubin Compability Test Suite Android Compatibility Test Suite: Defines “Android Compatible” Prevents incompatible releases Provides self testing Good for users. Good for developers. For Google, a leverage over OEMs. But also a crystal ball into Android’s roadmap. Google’s MoZvaon Google makes money in advertising and wants a level playing field for the mobile market. “Android money comes from mobile ads” - Google Additional revenue (or leverage) from Market, Maps, Phone, Music, Backup, and other services. Castles and Moats “In business, I look for economic castles protected by unbreachable ‘moats’” - Warren Buffet WHAT DOES THIS MEAN TO YOU? As User I can extensively customize the device.! I can make it “all about me”.! I can even change the flavor of Android.! As Developer My app will run on any Android device, regardless of manufacturer.! I can see ins and outs of the platform source code and learn from studying the default apps.! My market is huge.! As Manufacturer I may not get the I get a fully featured latest code. Nor know OS for free and can what’s coming out innovate at a higher next. I may be level. months behind competitors. Ugh! As Carrier Users love Android!! Who exactly is to It’s an alternative to support it?! iPhone.! Can’t lock down the Got many OEMs device – and my and devices to choose enterprise customers from. what that! As Enterprise Many productivity How do we lock it apps.! down?! Users have their own How do I create custom phones already. ROM?! Personals phones inside the company?? Overall • Open Source: ★★★ • Most of code is open sourced, but not all • OEMs sZll keep drivers and extensions private • Open Standards: ★★★★ • Whenever license permits, open standards are used • Community Leadership: ★★ • Lack of public roadmap • No early access to code for all References & AaribuZons • The meaning of open by Jonathan Rosenberg, Senior VP, Product Management, Google hap://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/12/meaning-of-open.html • Android May Be The Greatest Legal DestrucZon Of Wealth In History by Bill Gurley, Benchmark Capital hap://www.cadabrapress.com/?p=3904 • Warren Buffea on castles and moats hap://37signals.com/svn/posts/333-warren-buffea-on-castles-and-moats • The Freight Train That Is Android by Bill Gurley, Benchmark Capital hap://abovethecrowd.com/2011/03/24/freight-train-that-is-android/ • Less Than Free by Bill Gurley, Benchmark Capital hap://bit.ly/pgyubk • Is Android Open? by Scoa Gilbertson, Wired hap://www.wired.com/epicenter/2010/10/is-android-open/ • The Open Source Definion hp://www.opensource.org/docs/osd • How "Open" is Android Really? hap://www.tequilabomb.com/shotglass/2010/05/07/how-open-is-android-really/ • Open Source Licenses hap://digiZzor.com/2011/05/04/free-soRware-licenses/ • Android (operang system) at Wikipedia hap://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operang_system) • How Google controls Android: digging deep into the Skyhook filings hap://thisismynext.com/2011/05/12/google-android-skyhook-lawsuit-motorola-samsung/ Summary Big parts of Android stack are open, but not everything is for a developer wanting to release new version of Android OS an an actual device. Android is not a typical open source project due to lack of community leadership. Slides/video/etc: Marko Gargenta, Marakana.com http://mrkn.co/f/375 @MarkoGargenta [email protected] +1-415-647-7000 .
Recommended publications
  • BION System for Distributed Neural

    BION System for Distributed Neural

    Medical Engineering & Physics 23 (2001) 9–18 www.elsevier.com/locate/medengphy BION system for distributed neural prosthetic interfaces Gerald E. Loeb *, Raymond A. Peck, William H. Moore, Kevin Hood A.E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 West 36th Place, Room B-12, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1112, USA Received 5 October 2000; received in revised form 18 January 2001; accepted 26 January 2001 Abstract We have developed the first in a planned series of neural prosthetic interfaces that allow multichannel systems to be assembled from single-channel micromodules called BIONs (BIOnic Neurons). Multiple BION implants can be injected directly into the sites requiring stimulating or sensing channels, where they receive power and digital commands by inductive coupling to an externally generated radio-frequency magnetic field. This article describes some of the novel technology required to achieve the required microminiaturization, hermeticity, power efficiency and clinical performance. The BION1 implants are now being used to electrically exercise paralyzed and weak muscles to prevent or reverse disuse atrophy. This modular, wireless approach to interfacing with the peripheral nervous system should facilitate the development of progressively more complex systems required to address a growing range of clinical applications, leading ultimately to synthesizing complete voluntary functions such as reach and grasp. 2001 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Implant; Stimulator; Muscle; Neural prosthesis; Telemetry 1. Rationale and objectives 3. applying the currently available BIONs in therapeutic electrical stimulation (TES) to prevent secondary The functional reanimation of paralyzed limbs has complications related to disuse atrophy, which long been a goal of neural prosthetics research, but the appears to offer immediately feasible and commer- scientific, technical and clinical problems are formidable cially viable opportunities [2].
  • How Applications Are Run on Android ?

    How Applications Are Run on Android ?

    How applications are run on Android ? Jean-Loup Bogalho & Jérémy Lefaure [email protected] [email protected] Table of contents 1. Dalvik and ART 2. Executable files 3. Memory management 4. Compilation What is Dalvik ? ● Android’s Virtual Machine ● Designed to run on embedded systems ● Register-based (lower memory consumption) ● Run Dalvik Executable (.dex) files What is ART ? ● Android RunTime ● Dalvik’s successor ● ART Is Not a JVM ● Huge performance gain thanks to ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation ● Available in Android 4.4 What is ART ? Executable files Dalvik: .dex files ● Not the same bytecode as classical Java bytecode ● .class files are converted in .dex files at build time ● Optimized for minimal memory footprint Dalvik: .dex files Dalvik: application installation ● Verification: ○ bytecode check (illegal instructions, valid indices,...) ○ checksum on files ● Optimization: ○ method inlining ○ byte swapping and padding ○ static linking ART: OAT file ● Generated during installation (dex2oat) ● ELF format ● Classes metadata Memory management Zygote ● Daemon started at boot time ● Loads and initializes core libraries ● Forks to create new Dalvik instance ● Startup time of new VM is reduced ● Memory layouts are shared across processes Dalvik: memory management ● Memory is garbage collected ● Automatic management avoids programming errors ● Objects are not freed as soon as they become unused Dalvik: memory allocation ● Allocation profiling: ○ allocation count (succeeded or failed) ○ total allocated size (succeeded or failed) ● malloc
  • Android (Operating System) 1 Android (Operating System)

    Android (Operating System) 1 Android (Operating System)

    Android (operating system) 1 Android (operating system) Android Home screen displayed by Samsung Nexus S with Google running Android 2.3 "Gingerbread" Company / developer Google Inc., Open Handset Alliance [1] Programmed in C (core), C++ (some third-party libraries), Java (UI) Working state Current [2] Source model Free and open source software (3.0 is currently in closed development) Initial release 21 October 2008 Latest stable release Tablets: [3] 3.0.1 (Honeycomb) Phones: [3] 2.3.3 (Gingerbread) / 24 February 2011 [4] Supported platforms ARM, MIPS, Power, x86 Kernel type Monolithic, modified Linux kernel Default user interface Graphical [5] License Apache 2.0, Linux kernel patches are under GPL v2 Official website [www.android.com www.android.com] Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications.[6] [7] Google Inc. purchased the initial developer of the software, Android Inc., in 2005.[8] Android's mobile operating system is based on a modified version of the Linux kernel. Google and other members of the Open Handset Alliance collaborated on Android's development and release.[9] [10] The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is tasked with the maintenance and further development of Android.[11] The Android operating system is the world's best-selling Smartphone platform.[12] [13] Android has a large community of developers writing applications ("apps") that extend the functionality of the devices. There are currently over 150,000 apps available for Android.[14] [15] Android Market is the online app store run by Google, though apps can also be downloaded from third-party sites.
  • K1 LEVEL QUESTIONS 17PMC640 ANDROID PROGRAMMING Unit:1

    K1 LEVEL QUESTIONS 17PMC640 ANDROID PROGRAMMING Unit:1

    K1 LEVEL QUESTIONS 17PMC640 ANDROID PROGRAMMING Unit:1 1) Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) actually uses core features of A. Windows B. Mac C. Linux D. Contiki 2) A type of service provided by android that allows sharing and publishing of data to other applications is A. View System B. Content Providers C. Activity Manager D. Notifications Manager 3) Android library that provides access to UI pre-built elements such as buttons, lists, views etc. is A. android.text B. android.os C. android.view D. android.webkit 4) A type of service provided by android that shows messages and alerts to user is A. Content Providers B. View System C. Notifications Manager D. Activity Manager 5) A type of service provided by android that controls application lifespan and activity pile is A. Activity Manager B. View System C. Notifications Manager D. Content Providers 6) One of application component, that manages application's background services is called A. Activities B. Broadcast Receivers C. Services D. Content Providers 7) In android studio, callback that is called when activity interaction with user is started is A. onStart B. onStop C. onResume D. onDestroy 8) Tab that can be used to do any task that can be done from DOS window is A. TODO B. messages C. terminal D. comments 9) Broadcast that includes information about battery state, level, etc. is A. android.intent.action.BATTERY_CHANGED B. android.intent.action.BATTERY_LOW C. android.intent.action.BATTERY_OKAY D. android.intent.action.CALL_BUTTON 10) OHA stands for a) Open Host Application b) Open Handset
  • Android Operating System

    Android Operating System

    Software Engineering ISSN: 2229-4007 & ISSN: 2229-4015, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2012, pp.-10-13. Available online at http://www.bioinfo.in/contents.php?id=76 ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM NIMODIA C. AND DESHMUKH H.R. Babasaheb Naik College of Engineering, Pusad, MS, India. *Corresponding Author: Email- [email protected], [email protected] Received: February 21, 2012; Accepted: March 15, 2012 Abstract- Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. Android, an open source mobile device platform based on the Linux operating system. It has application Framework,enhanced graphics, integrated web browser, relational database, media support, LibWebCore web browser, wide variety of connectivity and much more applications. Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack, and driver model. Architecture of Android consist of Applications. Linux kernel, libraries, application framework, Android Runtime. All applications are written using the Java programming language. Android mobile phone platform is going to be more secure than Apple’s iPhone or any other device in the long run. Keywords- 3G, Dalvik Virtual Machine, EGPRS, LiMo, Open Handset Alliance, SQLite, WCDMA/HSUPA Citation: Nimodia C. and Deshmukh H.R. (2012) Android Operating System. Software Engineering, ISSN: 2229-4007 & ISSN: 2229-4015, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp.-10-13. Copyright: Copyright©2012 Nimodia C. and Deshmukh H.R. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
  • Poly Trio Solution Safety and Regulatory Notice 5.9.1 AA

    Poly Trio Solution Safety and Regulatory Notice 5.9.1 AA

    OFFER OF SOURCE FOR OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE October 2019 | 3725-24510-010A Poly Trio Solution with UC Software 5.9.1AA You may have a Poly Voice product with Unified Communications (UC) Software from Poly that contains software from the open source community that must be licensed under the specific license terms applicable to the software. For at least three years from the date of distribution of the applicable product or software, Poly will give to anyone who contacts us using the contact information provided below, for a charge of no more than our cost of physically distributing, one of the following items: (a) a copy of the complete corresponding machine-readable source code for programs listed in this document, or (b) a copy of the corresponding machine-readable source code for the libraries listed in this document, as well as the executable object code of the Poly work with which that library links. The software included or distributed for Poly Voice products with UC Software, including any software that may be downloaded electronically via the Internet or otherwise (the “Software”) is licensed, not sold. Open Source Software Poly Voice products with UC Software use several open source software packages. The packages containing the source code and the licenses for all of the open-source software are available upon request by contacting [email protected]. License Information The following table contains license information for the open source software packages used in Poly Voice products with UC Software 5.9.1AA. The source code and the licenses for all the open source software are available upon request.
  • Dalvik - Virtual Machine

    Dalvik - Virtual Machine

    Review Indian Journal of Engineering, Volume 1, Number 1, November 2012 REVIEW Indian Journal of 7765 – ngineering 7757 EISSN 2319 E – ISSN 2319 Dalvik - Virtual Machine Ashish Yadav J1, Abhishek Vats J2, Aman Nagpal J3, Avinash Yadav J4 1.Department of Computer Science, Dronacharya college of Engineering, Gurgaon, India, E-mail: [email protected] 2.Department of Computer Science, Dronacharya college of Engineering, Gurgaon, India, E-mail: [email protected] 3.Department of Computer Science, Dronacharya college of Engineering, Gurgaon, India, E-mail: [email protected] 4.Department of Computer Science, Dronacharya college of Engineering, Gurgaon, India, E-mail: [email protected] Received 26 September; accepted 19 October; published online 01 November; printed 16 November 2012 ABSTRACT Android is a software stack for mobile devices that contains an operating system, middleware and key applications. Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. It allows developers to Write handle code in a Java-like language that utilizes Google-developed Java libraries, but does not support programs developed in native code. The presentation of the Android platform on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34 hardware, software and telecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. When released in 2008, most of the Android platform will be made obtainable under the Apache free-software and open-source license. Open Android provide the permission to access core mobile device functionality through standard API calls.
  • BE PARANOID OR NOT to BE ? Alizée PENEL

    BE PARANOID OR NOT to BE ? Alizée PENEL

    BE PARANOID OR NOT TO BE ? Alizée PENEL Linux and Android System Developer Dev Team Member Agenda 01 02 03 Internet Network Security Permission in socket in Aspects Marshmallow Android OS INTERNET PERMISSION IN MARSHMALLOW INTERNET PERMISSION DECLARATION AndroidManifest.xml https://github.com/vx/connectbot from VX Solutions INTERNET PERMISSION DEFINITION frameworks/base/core/AndroidManifest.xml MARSHMALLOW PERMISSIONS Permission are automatically granted at install time - UI shows permissions details - UI from Google Play, not from the system Dangerous permissions are granted at runtime INTERNET PERMISSION INTERNALS On device : /system/etc/permissions/platform.xml system/core/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h root@genymotion:/ cat /data/system/packages.list MAPPING GID PROCESS That’s all ? Anything is checked at the runtime ? NETWORK SOCKETS IN ANDROID OS THE BASICS JAVA.NET.SOCKET CLASS Any application can directly instantiate this class Even the framework uses it Packed in Android Java core library : core-libart.jar Source file : libcore/luni/src/main/java/net/Socket.java ANY PERMISSION CHECKED !? SOCKET SYSCALL IN BIONIC bionic/libc/bionic/socket.cpp Same type of declaration for connect and accept syscalls NetdClientDispath, C structure of 4 function pointers on 3 syscalls ( __socket, __connect, __accept4) & 1 function (fallBackNetIdForResolv) WHAT HAPPENING IN BIONIC ? As soon as bionic is loaded, the function __libc_preinit() is called by the dynamic linker In __libc_preinit(), call to netdClientInit() function The libnetd_client.so
  • Dexmedetomidine Mitigates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats Through HMGB1-Mediated Anti- Inflammatory and Antioxidant Mechanisms

    Dexmedetomidine Mitigates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats Through HMGB1-Mediated Anti- Inflammatory and Antioxidant Mechanisms

    Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica 2020, Vol. XXIX, N°4, 377-383 377 DOI: 10.24205/03276716.2020.837 Dexmedetomidine Mitigates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats Through HMGB1-Mediated Anti- Inflammatory and Antioxidant Mechanisms Ning Lva*，XiaoYun Lib ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced acute lung injury in rats, and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Healthy male SD rats (n=54) were randomly divided into three groups: normal, model and dexmedetomidine groups, with 18 rats in each group. Rats in the model and dexmedetomidine groups were given LPS at a dose of 8 mg/kg, to establish a model of acute lung injury. Rats in the dexmedetomidine group were injected intraperitoneallywith dexmedetomidine at a dose of 50 μg/kg prior to establishment of the model, while rats in the normal group received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline in place of dexmedetomidine. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe changes in lung tissue in each group.Changes in wet/dry weight ratio of lung tissue were compared among the groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the expressions of inflammation indices i.e. interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), and interleukin-1β (L-1β)] in lung tissue. Levels of MDA were measured with thiobarbituric acid method. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was assayed through enzyme rate method, while nitric oxide was measured using nitrate reductase assay.The expression levels of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-IκB, p-NF- κB, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in lung tissue were determined with Western blotting.
  • History and Evolution of the Android OS

    History and Evolution of the Android OS

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector CHAPTER 1 History and Evolution of the Android OS I’m going to destroy Android, because it’s a stolen product. I’m willing to go thermonuclear war on this. —Steve Jobs, Apple Inc. Android, Inc. started with a clear mission by its creators. According to Andy Rubin, one of Android’s founders, Android Inc. was to develop “smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner’s location and preferences.” Rubin further stated, “If people are smart, that information starts getting aggregated into consumer products.” The year was 2003 and the location was Palo Alto, California. This was the year Android was born. While Android, Inc. started operations secretly, today the entire world knows about Android. It is no secret that Android is an operating system (OS) for modern day smartphones, tablets, and soon-to-be laptops, but what exactly does that mean? What did Android used to look like? How has it gotten where it is today? All of these questions and more will be answered in this brief chapter. Origins Android first appeared on the technology radar in 2005 when Google, the multibillion- dollar technology company, purchased Android, Inc. At the time, not much was known about Android and what Google intended on doing with it. Information was sparse until 2007, when Google announced the world’s first truly open platform for mobile devices. The First Distribution of Android On November 5, 2007, a press release from the Open Handset Alliance set the stage for the future of the Android platform.
  • Essential Phone on Its Way to Early Adopters 24 August 2017, by Seung Lee, the Mercury News

    Essential Phone on Its Way to Early Adopters 24 August 2017, by Seung Lee, the Mercury News

    Essential Phone on its way to early adopters 24 August 2017, by Seung Lee, The Mercury News this week in a press briefing in Essential's headquarters in Palo Alto. "People have neglected hardware for years, decades. The rest of the venture business is focused on software, on service." Essential wanted to make a timeless, high-powered phone, according to Rubin. Its bezel-less and logo- less design is reinforced by titanium parts, stronger than the industry standard aluminum parts, and a ceramic exterior. It has no buttons in its front display but has a fingerprint scanner on the back. The company is also making accessories, like an attachable 360-degree camera, and the Phone will work with products from its competition, such as the Apple Homekit. Essential, the new smartphone company founded by Android operating system creator Andy Rubin, "How do you build technology that consumers are is planning to ship its first pre-ordered flagship willing to invest in?" asked Rubin. "Inter-operability smartphones soon. The general launch date for is really, really important. We acknowledge that, the Essential Phone remains unknown, despite and we inter-operate with companies even if they months of publicity and continued intrigue among are our competitors." Silicon Valley's gadget-loving circles. Recently, Essential's exclusive carrier Sprint announced it While the 5.7-inch phone feels denser than its will open Phone pre-orders on its own website and Apple and Samsung counterparts, it is bereft of stores. Essential opened up pre-orders on its bloatware - rarely used default apps that are website in May when the product was first common in new smartphones.
  • Weekly Wireless Report August 18, 2017

    Weekly Wireless Report August 18, 2017

    Week Ending: Weekly Wireless Report August 18, 2017 This Week’s Stories Apple Is On The Hunt For Original TV Shows Inside This Issue: August 16, 2017 This Week’s Stories Apple is finally getting serious about original TV programming. Apple Is On The Hunt For Original TV Shows Two Apple executives have been meeting with Hollywood agents and producers to hear pitches about possible shows for Apple to buy, according to two producers who have met with them. Facebook Is Building A New $750 Million Data Center In Ohio The execs, Jamie Erlicht and Zack Van Amburg, were hired from Sony Pictures Television in June to oversee Apple's video programming. Products & Services New Apple, Samsung These pitch meetings have placed Apple in direct competition with Netflix, HBO and other Smartphone Challenger Is Finally distributors. Available For Pre-Order Some producers are eager to work with Apple, sensing a first-mover advantage. Others have a lot of YouTube TV Now Available To questions about how Apple will distribute its shows. When "House of Cards" debuted on Netflix, 50% Of U.S. Households marking the streaming service's entrance into original programming, the service already had a large catalog of licensed programming. Apple, Aetna Hold Secret Meetings To Bring Apple Watch To Millions Of Aetna Customers Apple doesn't have that -- but it does have iPhones in hundreds of millions of hands. Emerging Technology The meetings were first reported by The Wall Street Journal on Wednesday. Apple is said to be AI Is Taking Over The Cloud budgeting about $1 billion to acquire and produce original TV shows over the next year, according to the Journal.