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Epigenetics of Aging Trygve O Epigenetics of Aging Trygve O. Tollefsbol Editor Epigenetics of Aging 123 Editor Trygve O. Tollefsbol Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham 1300 University Blvd. Birmingham, AL 35294-1170 USA [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4419-0638-0 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-0639-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0639-7 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2009932905 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface Numerous studies have indicated that epigenetic mechanisms may play a major role in both cellular and organismal aging. These epigenetic processes not only include DNA methylation and histone modifications but also extend to many other epigenetic mediators such as the polycomb group proteins, chromosomal position effects, and noncoding RNA. The topics of this seminal book on aging epigenetics range from fundamental changes in DNA methylation in aging to the most recent research on intervention into epigenetic modifications to modulate the aging pro- cess and age-associated disorders. The major topics of aging epigenetics covered in this book are (1) DNA methylation and histone modifications in aging, (2) other epigenetic processes and aging, (3) impact of epigenetics on aging, (4) epigenet- ics of age-related diseases, (5) epigenetic interventions and aging, and (6) future directions/perspectives in aging epigenetics. The most studied of epigenetic processes, DNA methylation, has been associated with cellular aging and aging of organisms for many years. It is now apparent that both global and gene-specific alterations occur not only in DNA methylation during aging but also in several types of histone modifications. Many epigenetic aberrations may have an impact on aging processes through control of telomerase, modifications of telomeres, and epigenetic drift. The latter is evident in the recent studies of aging monozygotic twins. Numerous age-related diseases are affected by epigenetic mechanisms. For example, recent studies have shown that DNA methylation is altered in Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmunity. Other prevalent diseases that have been associated with age-related epigenetic changes include cancer and osteoarthritis. Epigenetic alter- ations appear to have an effect on several of the progeroid syndromes of premature aging as well. Moreover, the impact of dietary or drug intervention into epigenetic processes as they affect normal aging or age-related diseases is becoming increas- ingly feasible. This book is intended for those with interests ranging from the fundamental basis of aging to interventions in slowing the aging process or treating age-related disor- ders. The study of epigenetics as it relates to aging and age-related diseases is a relatively new field that is showing considerable promise in revolutionizing how the aging process is viewed. The purpose of this book on aging epigenetics is to provide v vi Preface coverage of not only established aspects of epigenetics as applied to the aging pro- cess but also new approaches and perceptions in this important area of research. Trygve O. Tollefsbol Birmingham, AL, USA Contents Epigenetics and the Aging Process ..................... 1 Trygve O. Tollefsbol Part I DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications in Aging Age-Related Genomic Hypomethylation .................. 11 Igor P. Pogribny and Boris F. Vanyushin Gene-Specific Hypermethylation in Aging ................. 29 Adebayo D. Akintola and Alan R. Parrish Aging and Non-sirtuin Histone Modifications ............... 41 Inga Kadish Sirtuins and Aging .............................. 51 Yuqing Dong and Sige Zou Chromatin in Senescent Cells: A Conduit for the Anti-Aging Effects of Wnt Signaling? .......................... 77 Gowrishankar Banumathy and Peter D. Adams S-Adenosylmethionine: Simple Agent of Methylation and Secret to Aging and Metabolism? ......................... 107 Wil A.M. Loenen Part II Other Epigenetic Processes and Aging Polycomb Group of Genes and the Epigenetics of Aging ......... 135 Krishnaveni Mishra and Rakesh K. Mishra Chromosomal Position Effect and Aging .................. 151 Eric Gilson and Frédérique Magdinier Noncoding RNA for Presymptomatic Diagnosis of Age-Dependent Disease .......................... 177 Eugenia Wang vii viii Contents Part III Impact of Epigenetics on Aging Telomerase Control by Epigenetic Processes in Cellular Senescence .. 191 Huaping Chen and Trygve O. Tollefsbol Telomeres, Epigenetics, and Aging ..................... 205 J. Arturo Londoño-Vallejo Contributions of Tumor Suppressors to the Epigenetic Regulation of Aging Cells .......................... 227 Pinaki Bose, Amudha Ganapathy, and Karl Riabowol Epigenetic Drift and Aging ......................... 257 Ester Lara, Vincenzo Calvanese, and Mario F. Fraga Role of Epigenetics in Age-Related Long-Term Memory Loss ...... 275 J. Tyson DeAngelis and Trygve O. Tollefsbol Part IV Epigenetics of Age-Related Diseases The Epigenetics of Age-Related Cancers .................. 285 Kristen H. Taylor, Lynda B. Bennett, Gerald L. Arthur, Huidong Shi, and Charles W. Caldwell DNA Methylation and Alzheimer’s Disease ................ 315 Thomas van Groen DNA Methylation, Age-Related Immune Defects, and Autoimmunity .. 327 Jörg J. Goronzy, Guangjin Li, and Cornelia M. Weyand Epigenetic Silencing of Progeroid Syndromes ............... 345 Ruben Agrelo DNA Methylation and Osteoarthritis .................... 371 Helmtrud I. Roach Part V Epigenetic Interventions and Aging Histone-Modifying Drugs in Aging ..................... 395 Ulrich Mahlknecht and Barbara Zschoernig Dietary Effect on Epigenetics During the Aging Process ......... 407 Yuanyuan Li and Trygve O. Tollefsbol Environmental Effects on Age-Associated Epigenetics .......... 417 Sabita N. Saldanha, Ashley McCollum, and Trygve O. Tollefsbol Part VI Future Directions/Perspectives Future Directions in Research on the Epigenetics of Aging ........ 433 Huidong Shi and Charles W. Caldwell Contents ix Perspectives in Aging and Epigenetics ................... 447 Robin Holliday Index ..................................... 457 Contributors Peter D. Adams Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA, [email protected] Ruben Agrelo Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria, [email protected], [email protected] Adebayo D. Akintola Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, TX 77847-1114, USA Gerald L. Arthur Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA Gowrishankar Banumathy Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA Lynda B. Bennett Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA Pinaki Bose Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 42N 4N1 Charles W. Caldwell Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA, [email protected] Vincenzo Calvanese Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain Huaping Chen Department of Biology, 175 CH, 1300 University Boulevard, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA J. Tyson DeAngelis Department of Biology, 175 CH, 1300 University Boulevard, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA xi xii Contributors Yuqing Dong Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA, Mario F. Fraga Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain; Laboratorio de Epigenética del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, [email protected] Amudha Ganapathy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 42N 4N1 Eric Gilson Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire de la Cellule, CNRS UMR 5239, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, UCBL1, IFR 128,
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