Unemployment and Socio-Economic Growth Among Youth in Local Governments in Uganda: a Case Study of Sheema District. Namata Maria
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UNEMPLOYMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROWTH AMONG YOUTH IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN UGANDA: A CASE STUDY OF SHEEMA DISTRICT. NAMATA MARIAT BSW/451 1311431DU A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL ADMINISTRATION OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER, 2017 Declaration I, Namata Mariat,hereby declare that the work presented in this research report is based on my own research, except where otherwise acknowledged and has never been submitted to any University or any Institution of)~9~r learning for a Degree or Diploma. Researcher’s ~ Date: ~~ /2017 Namata Mariat BSW/451 131143/DU Approval This is to certify that this research report has been done under my supervision and submitted to the College of Humanities and Social Sciences of Kampala International University Kampala, Uganda with my approval for examination. Supervisor’s Name : MrsJ~ssiwaShamirah Signature ~ Date Dedication I dedicate this research report to my dear parents Mr. Maj idu Kitenda and Mrs. Nakazibwe Udaya who worked hard to support me up on this research report and my studies in general, may the Almighty God bless them abundantly. ill Acknowledgement I thank the Almighty God for making it possible for me to complete this piece of work. Special thanks to Him for the knowledge, wisdom, courage and determination he has granted me. I am particularly indebted to my supervisor Mrs. Nassiwa Shamirah for her timeless guidance and correction in the conduct of this research report. She really inspired, motivated and assisted me during the process of this work. Further thanks to the management of Sheema District for their support in providing me with the data and to the authors whom I have used their references in coming up with this report. Also to respondents who sacrificed their time in giving me relevant information that backed my research. I am greatly indebted to my friends such as Nalubega Annet, Mugabi Gadaph, Kasse Hussein, Akatusime Noreen, Nakase Smaiya and Bwanika Hassan for their support, care and courage during my study. I am so grateful my dear parents. May God Bless them abundantly. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration i Approval ii Dedication iii Acknowledgement iv List of Acronyms ix Abstract x CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background of the study 1 1.2 Problem statement 2 1.3 Purpose of the study 3 1.4 Research objectives 3 1.5 Research questions 3 1.6 Scope of the study 3 1.6.1 Geographical scope 3 1.6.2 Subject scope 3 1.6.3 Time scope 4 1.7 Significance of the study 4 1.8 Conceptual framework S CHAPTER TWO 6 LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.0 Introduction 6 2.1 Concept of unemployment 6 V 2.2 Reasons for youth unemployment in Uganda 7 2.2.1 Systemic/Economic reasons for youth unemployment 7 2.2.1.1 Rural-urban migration 7 2.2.1.2 Skill mismatch between the education system and employers’ expectations 8 2.2.1.3 Lack of entrepreneurship and management skills 8 2.2.1.4 Limited access to financial capital 9 2.2.1.5 Inadequate job matching 9 2.2.1.6 Low level of aggregate demand for labour in the economy 10 2.2.2 Social/cultural reasons 10 2.2.2.1 Demographic development and population growth 10 2.2.2.2 Lack of parental guidance and career guidance at school 11 2.2.2.3 Corruption, nepotism and tribalism 11 2.2.3 Personal/individual reasons 13 2.2.3.1 Negative attitude of youth 13 2.3 Impact of youth unemployment 14 2.4 Ways of solving youth unemployment 15 CHAPTER THREE 17 METHODOLOGY 17 3.0 Introduction 17 3.1 Research Design 17 3.2 Target Population 17 3.3 Sample Size 17 3.4. Sampling techniques 18 3.5. Data sources 18 3.5.1 Primary data 18 3.5.2 Secondary data 18 vi 3.6 Data collection Instruments 19 3.6.1 Questionnaires 19 3.6.2 Observation 19 3.6.3 Interviews 19 3.7. Data analysis and presentation 19 3.7.1 Data processing 19 3.7.1.1 Data Editing 20 3.7.1.2 Data Coding 20 3.7.2 Data Presentation 20 3.7.3 Data analysis 20 3.8 Validity and Reliability of the Study 20 3.9 Ethical values 20 3.10 Limitations of the Study 21 CHAPTER FOUR 22 PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS 22 4.0 Introduction 22 4.1 Biographical data of respondents 22 4.1.1 Age groups of respondents 22 4.1.2 Gender of respondents 23 4.1.3 Level of education of respondents 23 4.1.4 Marital status 24 4.2 Reasons of unemployment among youth in Sheema District, Uganda 24 4.3 Impact of unemployment among youth in Sheema District, Uganda 28 4.4 Ways of solving youth unemployment in Sheema District, Uganda 30 VII CHAPTER FIVE .33 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 33 5.0 Introduction 33 5.1 Summary of findings 33 5.1.1 Reasons of unemployment among youth in Sheema District, Uganda 33 5.1.2 Impact of unemployment among youth in Sheema District, Uganda 36 5.1.3 Ways of solving youth unemployment in Sheema District, Uganda 37 5.2 Conclusions of the study 38 5.3 Recommendations 39 5.4 Areas for future research 39 REFERENCES 40 APPENDICES 45 APPENDIX A:SELF ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE 45 APPENDIX B:INTERVIEW GUIDE 48 APPENDIX C:ACTUAL STUDY BUDGET 49 VIII List of Acronyms AEO African Economic Outlook AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome E East EAC East African Community eg. for example given FF Fontes Foundation GDP Gross Domestic Product HR Human Resource i.e. that is ICT Information and Communication Technology ILO International Labour Organization IYF International Youth Foundation NGO Non-Governmental Organization ON Omidyar Network PRB Population Reference Bureau S South UBOS Uganda Bureau of Statistics IJNCDF United National Capital Development Fund UYONET Uganda Youth Network WEF World Economic Forum YAI Youth Action International YBU YouthBuild Uganda ix Abstract The study was set to investigate Causes of Unemployment Among Youth in Sheema District Uganda. The study was based on the following three objectives; to examine the reasons of unemployment among youth; to examine the impact of unemployment among youth and to determine the ways of solving youth unemployment in Sheema District, Uganda. A sample of 80 respondents both females and male youth of Sheema District were selected for the study. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and methodology used was both qualitative and quantitative. Questionnaires ~and documentary review were the major tools of data collection. In regard to reasons of unemployment among youth in Sheema District, Uganda; it was found out by majority of respondents, 50% strongly disagreed that youth in the district do not know where to find a job, majority47.50% agreed that youth dislike certain jobs, majority 6 1.25% strongly agreed that education of youth in the district is too theoretical, majority 58.75% agreed that youth have negative attitude towards work, majority 4 1.25% agreed that employers employ relatives who are less qualified than others, majority 36.25% and 46.25% respectively agreed or strongly agreed that there is too much corruption. In regard to impact of unemployment among youth in Sheema District, Uganda; it was revealed by the majority of respondents,42.5% agreed that being unemployed for a longer time leads to a lack of work experience and skills, majority57.5% agreed that unemployment among youth leads to reduced earnings, majority 45% of respondents strongly agreed that unemployment among youth leads to crime and violence amongst youth, majority 52,5% strongly agreed that unemployment among youth leads to commercial sex work, majority 50% strongly agreed that unemployment among youth leads to the spread of HIV/AIDS. In regard to ways of solving youth unemployment in Sheema District, Uganda; it was revealed by the majority, 43.75% strongly agreed that government should create more industries, majority 33.75% strongly agreed respectively that education system to be changed from theoretical to more practical, rnajority43.75% strongly agreed that youth should get a chance to get some experience in entrepreneurship, majority 37.5% of respondents strongly agreed that government should give training to youth and encourage them to work for their own businesses.It was recommended that;ILO member states should place much emphasis on developing skills, government and other stakeholders should put up a strong accountability mechanism, education system has to be changed from theoretical to more practical. x CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction This chapter described background of the research study. It explored the problem statement, purpose of the study, research objectives of the study, research questions of the study, scope of the study, significance of the study and conceptual framework. 1.1 Background of the study In most African countries, including the Uganda, unemployment levels have continued to increase and have remained at extremely high levels (World Bank, 2015) despite considerable efforts to educate both children and adults. Globally youth unemployment was estimated at 12.6 per cent in 2013, and this has been pointed as a “crisis”. As many as 73 million young people are estimated to be unemployed in 2013 at the same time, informal employment among young people remains pervasive and transitions to decent work are slow and difficult. The economic and social costs of unemployment, long-term unemployment, discouragement and widespread low-quality jobs for young people continue to rise and undermine economies’ growth potential.