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A DISCUSSION ON TAXONOMIC POSITION OF MACULATA MANCA (SCHAUFUSS, 1863) (CERAMBYCIDAE: : LEPTURINI)

Hüseyin Özdikmen*

* Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, TURKEY. E- mail: [email protected], ORCID IDs: 0000-0001-9568-0093

[Özdikmen, H. 2021. A discussion on taxonomic position of Rutpela maculata manca (Schaufuss, 1863) (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae: Lepturini). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 16 (1): 411-418]

ABSTRACT: The problematic taxonomic position of Rutpela maculata manca (Schaufuss, 1863) is discussed on the base of its unavailable distribution area for the acception as a subspecies. Accordingly, it is upgraded to species level as Rutpela manca (Schaufuss, 1863) stat. nov.

KEY WORDS: Cerambycidae, Rutpela, Palaearctic region, Turkey

The genus Rutpela Nakane & K. Ohbayashi, 1957 represents only two species as Rutpela inermis (K. Daniel & J. Daniel, 1898: 74) known from Caucasus and Central Asia (Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan), and Rutpela maculata (Poda, 1761: 37) known from Europe (almost whole Europe from Portugal to Kazakhstan), Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia), Turkey, Syria and Iran in the Palearctic region (Danilevsky, 2019; Tavakilian, 2020). Rutpela maculata (Poda, 1761) has European or Turano-European chorotype. It is very variable. For this reason, it includes many different color forms that have been described by various authors as different taxa. The vast majority of these taxa are accepted as synonyms today. Until 1996 the species, Rutpela maculata, was regarding as only one valid taxon with its synonyms. That year Gianfranco Sama described a new subspecies as Rutpela maculata irmasanica Sama, 1996 on the base of red colored abdomen of males from Antalya province (Irmasan pass) in Southern Turkey. Currently, it is still known as a local taxon from Southern Turkey. So the species was represented by two subspecies in the Palearctic fauna as the nominative subspecies and Rutpela maculata irmasanica Sama, 1996 until 2006. armata var. nigricornis was described by Stierlin (1864) from Sicily. In 2006, Rapuzzi & Sama accepted it as a valid name for another subspecies of Rutpela maculata (Poda, 1761) from Sicily and Calabria because of black antennae (with the exception of articles 4 to 7 which have a narrow yellowish basal ring) and totally black hind tibiae in males. So they given it as Rutpela maculata ssp. nigricornis (Stierlin, 1864) status novus in their publication. They also stated that this form was already identified by Stierlin (1864). On the contrary the their subtitle, Rutpela maculata ssp. nigricornis (Stierlin, 1864) status novus, they considered the description of Stierlin as infrasubspecific status and the taxon not available under the International Code of Nomenclature (1999), art. 45.6.4.

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The subspecific status of the taxon was also published by Löbl & Smetana (2010) as Rutpela maculata nigricornis (Stierlin, 1864) from Italia (Sicily) only. Rapuzzi & Sama (2010), however, stated Strangalia armata var. nigricornis Stierlin, 1864 is an unavailable name. So they used Rutpela maculata nigricornis Rapuzzi & Sama, 2006 as the taxon name in their publication. However, Rutpela maculata nigricornis Rapuzzi & Sama, 2006 can not accept as an available name under the International Code of Nomenclature (1999), art. 16.1. Since the name was not introduced by the authors as new. This approach is also shared by Danilevsky (2011). On the other side Özdikmen et al. (2012) stated that the subspecies Rutpela maculata nigricornis has a wider distribution area than known, not only in Italy. According to Özdikmen et al. (2012), this taxon also distributes at least in Europe (Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Sicily, Crimea and Great Britain), Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia), Turkey and Iran. In fact, such specimens were firstly described by Schaufuss (1863: 121) as Strangalia armata var. manca from Spain. Therefore, Danilevsky (2014) accepted Strangalia armata var. manca as valid name of the taxon because of the rule of priority and published this correction as Rutpela maculata manca (Schaufuss, 1863) in his study. So the species is represented by three subspecies in the Palearctic fauna. In addition, Vitali (2018) stated that “Euro-Turanian species, widespread from Portugal to Kazakhstan, with a doubtful subspecies (known by only two specimens) in southern Turkey. It is mainly restricted to mountains in the southern part of its distribution. Some specimens from different localities (Great Britain, Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Caucasus, Turkey, Syria) show darker limbs, a fact that lead some recent authors (Rapuzzi & Sama, 2010; Özdikmen et al., 2012) to claim the existence of a subspecies. Nonetheless, such specimens (var. nigricornis Stierlin, 1864 rest. status) are always mixed with typical ones and these regions were evidently never connected together, necessary condition for evolving a subspecies (Biscaccianti, 2007)”. Accordingly, he accepted maculata Poda, 1761 = Strangalia armata var. nigricornis Stierlin, 1864 rest. status. However, the three subspecies for Rutpela maculata is still accepted by Danilevsky (2019) and Tavakilian (2020). Danilevsky (2019) gave the following distribution areas for them with synonyms:

R. maculata irmasanica Sama, 1996: 105 A: TR

R. maculata maculata Poda von Neuhaus, 1761: 37 (Leptura) E: AL AU BE BH BU BY CR CT CZ DE EN FI FR GB GE GR HU IR IT LA LT LU MC MD NL NR NT PL RO SK SL ST SV SZ TR UK YU A: KZ TR alsatica Pic, 1906g: 67 (Leptura) armata Herbst, 1784: 101 (Leptura) bifenestrata Pic, 1933d: 2 (Strangalia) binotata Mulsant, 1839: 258 (Strangalia) calcarata Olivier, 1795: 14 (Leptura) dayremi Pic, 1903a: 4 (Strangalia) discoininterrupta Pic, 1945a: 13 (Strangalia) disconotata Pic, 1908b: 3 (Leptura)

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dromensis Pic, 1945a: 13 (Strangalia) elongata DeGeer, 1775: 134 (Leptura) externepunctata Mulsant, 1839: 258 (Strangalia) fasciata Scopoli, 1763: 54 (Cerambyx) impunctata Mulsant, 1839: 258 (Strangalia) nicodi Pic, 1933d: 6 (Strangalia) pacifica Pic, 1945a: 13 (Strangalia) punctatofasciata Mulsant, 1839: 258 (Strangalia) quinquemaculata Gmelin, 1790: 1868 (Leptura) rubea Geoffroy, 1785: 86 (Stenocorus) scopoliana Laicharting, 1784: 145 (Leptura) sinuata Fabricius, 1793: 347 (Leptura) subspinosa Fabricius, 1793: 347 (Leptura) undulata Mulsant, 1839: 259 (Strangalia) wuenschi Roubal, 1937: 81 (Strangalia)

R. maculata manca Schaufuss, 1863: 121 (Strangalia) E: BU FR IT PT SP ST TR UK A: AB AR GG IN TR SY kricheldorffi Wagner, 1928: 121 (Leptura) nigricornis Stierlin, 1864: 153 (Strangalia) nigrofasciata V. Petagna, 1792: 247 (Leptura) [HN]

Also the presence in Great Britain of R. maculata manca was reported by Özdikmen et al. (2012).

Apparently, taxonomic position of Strangalia armata var. manca Schaufuss, 1863 (= Rutpela maculata manca) is still under discussion. As seen above, the distribution area of R. maculata manca given by Danilevsky (2019) is clearly overlapped that of R. maculata maculata in Europe and Turkey. For example, Bulgaria, France, Great Britain, Italy, South European Russia, European Turkey, Ukraine for Europe and Anatolian part of Turkey for Asia. This situation does not available to the rule of allopatric distribution of subspecies. Therefore, in the first wiev, this situation seems to confirm above mentioned approach of Vitali (2018) in form distributional regions of Rutpela maculata manca were evidently never connected together, necessary condition for evolving a subspecies. In this case, we can accept Rutpela maculata manca with its synonyms is a synonym of R. maculata maculata, not a subspecies. The approach of Vitali (2018) is supported also by the rule of allopatric distribution of subspecies. However, in this case, we should not accept also R. maculata irmasanica as a subspecies. If we accept this opiniaon, we simply revert to the pre-1996 position. However, leaving them as synonyms of a single taxon means ignoring and not evaluating these important differences. Therefore, in my opinion, ignoring and not evaluating these important differences is far from a solution to this problem. Based on the aforementioned justifications, we have only one solution to solve the problem. Accordingly, we should accept Rutpela maculata manca as a separate species. It should be upgaded to species level as Rutpela manca (Schaufuss, 1863: 121) stat. nov..

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In this case, the genus Rutpela includes three species in Palearctic fauna as Rutpela inermis (K. Daniel & J. Daniel, 1898: 74) from Caucasus and Central Asia (Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan); Rutpela maculata (Poda, 1761: 37) from Europe including European Turkey (almost whole Europe from France and Great Britain to Kazakhstan) and Asian Turkey for now; and Rutpela manca (Schaufuss, 1863: 121) from Europe (Bulgaria, France, Great Britain, Italy, South European Russia, European Turkey, Ukraine), Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia), Turkey, Syria and Iran for now. Among them, only Rutpela maculata (Poda, 1761: 37) has two subspecies as Rutpela maculata maculata (Poda, 1761: 37) known from Europe including European Turkey (almost whole Europe from France and Great Britain to Kazakhstan) and Asian Turkey for now and R. maculata irmasanica Sama, 1996: 105 known only from Antalya province in Southern Anatolia (Asian Turkey). Moreover, not only in terms of Palaearctic distribution, also in terms of Turkish distribution, the taxon is clearly distributed mostly sympatrically with R. maculata maculata. This situation proves that it is more available to evaluate the taxon at the species level. Distribution area of this species probably is more for both Turkey and the other countries, because of some old records of R. maculata should be belonging to this species. To determine real distribution area of this species, threfore, the old records should confirm. The range given above is cited from Danilevsky (2019) and it is only based on his an interpretation in terms of his subspecific acceptation. Under this circumtances, the genus Rutpela is represented by three species- group taxa (1 species and 1 species with 2 subspecies) in Turkey. All old records unconfirmed from Turkey are presented under R. maculata maculata below. For Rutpela manca (Schaufuss, 1863), only Turkish records known to be precisely this species are presented below.

Genus RUTPELA Nakane & K. Ohbayashi, 1957: 242 [type species Leptura maculata Poda von Neuhaus, 1761] maculata Poda von Neuhaus, 1761: 37 (Leptura) maculata irmasanica Sama, 1996: 105 (ENDEMIC) maculata maculata Poda von Neuhaus, 1761: 37 (Leptura)

Type information. Leptura maculata Poda von Neuhaus, 1761: 37 (Syntypes, ex collection N. Poda) [type locality “ad Graecium” (Greece)] Body length. 13-20 mm. Adult period. April-September. Hosts. Polyphagous. Deciduous trees (Carpinus, Quercus, Fagus, Rubus, Cistus, Alnus, Betula, Corylus, Castanea, Fraxinus, Crataegus,, Salix) preferred, rarely coniferous trees (Pinus, Abies, Picea) and shrubs (Sambucus, Euonymus, Cytisus). In Turkey, this species has been reported on Picea orientalis, Pinus brutia, Fagus orientalis, Rubus sp., Cistus creticus.

maculata irmasanica Sama, 1996: 105 (ENDEMIC)

Type information. Rutpela maculata irmasanica Sama, 1996c: 105 (Holotype ♂, collection Gianfranco Sama, Cesena) [type locality “Irmasan pass” (Turkey: Antalya)] Records in Turkey. TR-A: Antalya province. Range: A: TR

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maculata maculata Poda von Neuhaus, 1761: 37 (Leptura)

Records in Turkey. TR-A: Adana, Amasya, Artvin, Balıkesir, Bingöl, Bolu, Bursa, Çanakkale, Çankırı, Düzce, Eskişehir, Hatay, Isparta, İçel, İstanbul, Karabük, Kastamonu, Kocaeli, Konya, Malatya, Muş, Osmaniye, Rize, Samsun, Sinop, Sivas, Tokat, Trabzon, Tunceli provinces; TR-E: İstanbul, Kırklareli provinces. Range: E: AL AU BE BH BU BY CR CT CZ DE EN FI FR GB GE GR HU IR IT LA LT LU MC MD NL NR NT PL RO SK SL ST SV SZ TR UK YU A: KZ TR

Literatures. [Pic, 1892; Schimitschek, 1944; Villiers, 1959; Demelt & Alkan, 1962; Demelt, 1963; Gfeller, 1972; Sama, 1982; Danilevsky & Miroshnikov, 1985; Öymen, 1987; Svacha & Danilevsky, 1989; Adlbauer, 1992; Sama, 1996; Alkan, 2000; Tozlu et al., 2002; Sama, 2002; Malmusi & Saltini, 2005; Özdikmen et al., 2005; Özdikmen & Demirel, 2005; Özdikmen & Şahin, 2006; Özdikmen, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2011a,b, 2012, 2014; Özdikmen & Demir, 2006; Turgut & Özdikmen, 2010; Özdikmen et al., 2010, 2012a,b; Sama et al., 2012; Yardibi & Tozlu, 2013; Şenyüz & Özdikmen, 2013; Cihan et al., 2013; Küçükkaykı et al., 2013; Şabanoğlu & Şen, 2016; Albayati et al., 2016; Varlı et al., 2019].

Munis Entomology & Zoology Mun. Ent. Zool. 416 https://www.munisentzool.org/ (January, 2021) ISSN 1306-3022 © MRG ______manca Schaufuss, 1863: 121 (Strangalia) stat. nov.

Type information. Strangalia armata var. manca Schaufuss, 1863: 121 (Holotype, ex collection C. F. Schaufuß, Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin) [type locality “Hispania centralis” (Spain)] Body length. 11.5-20 mm. Adult period. May-July. Hosts. Very likely similar to R. maculata. Records in Turkey. TR-A: Bolu, Düzce, Gümüşhane, Osmaniye, Trabzon provinces; TR-E: İstanbul province. Range: E: BU FR GB IT PL PT SP ST TR UK A: AB AR GG IN TR SY

Literatures. [Özdikmen, 2011b, 2014; Özdikmen et al., 2012a,b; Albayati et al., 2016; Özdikmen & Tezcan, 2020].

Figure 1. A male of Rutpela manca (Schaufuss, 1863) from Bolu province in NW Anatolia.

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