A Case Study of Chikkabanavara Lake and the Surrounding Ground Water
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© 2019 JETIR May 2019, Volume 6, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Water Quality Analysis: A Case Study of Chikkabanavara Lake and the surrounding Ground water [1] Sneha M.K. [2] Amina H A2, [2] Said L N2, [2]Sigfrid V [1] Assistant Professor, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, [2] Students, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Abstract— This project on lake water quality was conducted by looking at the lake water. Its analysis involved sewage. Samples were collected from different lake points, at different times, and mixed to form composite samples. The Indian Standards code book: IS 10500 was referred. Laboratory test and analysis were carried, and compared with standards in order to check the acceptability of the lake water. Findings suggest that lake water is not in the acceptable range for drinking water, and hence recommended to improve the quality and treatment. The treatment plant that could change the water for agricultural activities was developed. Index Terms— Lake water, Water pollution, Water quality, physicochemical parameters. I. INTRODUCTION Water is one among the basic necessities of human being. Water Pollution is increasing day by day which is causing water borne diseases. According to WHO 80%of diseases in human being are water borne. So before using it testing of the water for its suitability is very important. Due to rapid growth in the population and industrialization demand for the fresh water has been increased. Ground water also placed the same importance as that of surface water for various uses. Ground water is also contaminating I the same Fig 1: The photo of Chikkabanavara Lake as captured manner as that of surface water. But the problem is ground from Google Maps water quality cannot be restored easily (1, 2). II. MATERIALS AND METHODS Industrial waste and solid waste covering the major part in water pollution. Water is becoming unfit because of presence Sample collection was done at different times of the day. of heavy metals which is from these disposals. Consumption The grab samples were collected at 9 am, 1 pm and 5 pm and of this contaminated water causes serious major health these were well preserved according as explained in the problems. During summer season situation becomes worst. manual of Standard Operating Procedures of Sample storage, A pollutant means it will be interfering with health, comfort, preservation and handling (SAS SOP0012). Then they were property or environment of people. Generally the sources of later mixed together to get the composite samples. They were these pollutants are sewage, agricultural waste, domestic also labelled in order to prevent sample misidentification waste, industrial waste etc (3). during analysis. In collecting the samples different critical points were Aquatic environmental chemistry covers everything from considered in and around the lake. These critical points were sources, composition, reactions and transportation of water. distributed in accordance with their position in the lake as Quality of water is the major concern which relates to the different points will have different results while analyzing. human welfare (4). The critical points include the following; solid waste point, sewage waste point, eutrophication point and normal lake Variation in the availability of water in its time, quantity water. These were the points considered for surface water. and quality causes fluctuations in the economy of a country. For ground water, the critical points were considered as the Considering this, conservation, optimum utilization and areas that surround the lake and the water was collected from management of this resource is very important for the the bore wells around the lake in different directions. The betterment of economic status of the country (5). sampling stations (critical points) that were located in and around the lake and their details are given as shown in the Chikkabanavara Lake is located at a distance of 1.5 km Table 1. north of Chikkabanavara railway station on the Bangalore-Tumkur railway line. The lake lies at 13°04'57.7"N 77°30'25.5"E. Chikkabanavara Lake spreads at about 100 acres on the outskirts of Bangalore. JETIRCY06038 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 245 © 2019 JETIR May 2019, Volume 6, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Table 1: Details of sample sources Sl Parameter Method Instru Sa Latitude of Longitude of Detail of No ment/ mp Location Location Sample . Equip le source ment No. 9 pH Electrometric pH 1 13°04'57.9"N 77°30'39.8"E Normal meter Lake Water 10 Electrical Electrometric Condu 2 13°04'58.7"N 77°30'43.2"E Solid Waste conductivity ctivity point meter 3 13°04'48.2"N 77°30'29.6"E Sewage Biological Parameters Waste point 11 MPN Statistical MPN 4 13°04'57.9"N 77°30'40.9"E Eutrophicati tube on Point 5 13°04'56.3"N 77°30'43.2"E Ground III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Water South 6 13°04'58.1"N 77°30'44.1"E Ground pH of water is important for the biotic compound. Most Water East of the plant and animal species can survive in a narrow range 7 13°05'58.1"N 77°31’59.1"E Ground of pH from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline condition. Water South West pH Moles/L 8 13°07’38.1"N 77°43’19.1"E Ground Water North 10 8.16 9 13°06’21.1"N 77°54’56.1"E Ground 7.787.957.737.93 7.26.9 7.1 Water West 8 6.4 6.6 6.12 ph Value 10 13°05’13.1"N 77°19’12.1"E Ground 6 Water North 4 Standard West value pH value 11 13°02’44.1"N 77°22’56.1"E Ground 2 Standard Water North 0 value East 0 5 10 15 Station Analysis of the collected ground water and surface water samples was done in accordance with the procedures suggested in the Standard Analytical Procedure Manual for water samples which is based on “Standard Methods for the Turbidity of the lake water and the surrounding ground Examination of Water and Wastewater” 19th edition. Table 2 presents the methods of analyzing sampled different water water ranged from 1 NTU up to 52.7 NTU which was higher parameters. than the permissible limit of 10 NTU Table 2: Methods of Analysis Sl Parameter Method Instru Turbididty NTU No ment/ 52.7 60 44.3 . Equip 32.3 ment 40 22.1 Turbidity 6 8 Physico-Chemical Parameters 20 11 432 (ntu) 0 1 Alkalinity Titration with Std Titrati Standard Sulphuric Acid on set 0 5 10 15 Turbidity (ntu) Turbidity value solution up Station 2 Nitrates Spectrophotometric Spectr abs. ophoto Electrical conductivity is the most important parameter meter for irrigation. The values ranged from 1116 micromhos up to 3 Total Titration with EDTA Titrati 4050 microhms which showed that the water is Class 3 such Hardness on set that it is permissible to be used for irrigation. up 4 Calcium Titration with EDTA Titrati Hardness on set Electrical Conductivity up microhms 5 Magnesium Titration with EDTA Titrati Hardness on set 6000 4050 up 4000 26002580 17751780 160717301116130015601450 6 Bio-chemical Mohr’s method 2000 Electrical oxygen 0 conductiv demand 0 10 20 ity 7 Chloride Titration with silver Titrati (microhm nitrate on set Station s) up Conductivity Electrical 8 Dissolved Mohr’s method Oxygen JETIRCY06038 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 246 © 2019 JETIR May 2019, Volume 6, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Total dissolved solids ranged from 620 to 2600 mg/L. This Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand was recorded in the range was excessive to the standard value of 500 mg/L and this of 14 to 28 mg/L. This was only obtained for the waste water affected the portability of water samples (Surface water) Total Dissolved solids mg/L BIO CHEMICAL OXYGEN 3000 2600 DEMAND FOR 5 DAYS mg/L 2500 28 16501680 26 2000 30 22 1500 Dissolved 940 940 20 14 1000 625650630675620690 solids BOD value 500 Standard 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0 value Value BOD 0 Standard Dissolved solids (mg/l) solids Dissolved 0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15 value Station Station Total Alkalinity ranged from 188 to 626 mg/L. The Chloride ranged from 7 to27 mg/L. Chlorides in urban areas Alkalinity value might have been due to the high pH in the are the indicators of large amount of non-point source water. The greater alkalinity values may be due to the large pollution by pesticides, grease, oil, metals and other toxic scale use of the banks of the lake as an open latrine and materials consequent washing of excreta in and near by the lake Chloride as Cl, mg/L Total Alkalinity as CaCO , 3 242527 mg/L 30 21 20 416380626410408184195180165170188 8 9 78.98.87.29.3 Faecal 1000 Alkalinity 10 Colifom 0 Chloride 0 0 5 10 15 Standard 0 5 10 15 Station Standard value Alkalinity value Station Total hardness ranged from 370 to 736 mg/L. These values Nitrates when present in excess can affect the water by were all above the permissible limit of 300 mg/L creating conditions that will make it difficult for aquatic insects to survive. When they are present in a large number they tend to increase eutrophication. The result presented Total Hardness as CaCO3, mg/L show that Nitrates are present in excess so the water will need 736 to be treated for nitrates before it can be used for irrigation.