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Revegetation Guide Revegetation guide for Riparian areas of the HASTINGS & CAMDEN HAVEN a guide to assist landholders manage and rehabilitate riparian areas Clearing in the Hastings and Camden Haven River catchment Fencing remnant vegetation Clearing of vegetation to make way for settlement and agriculture in the 1800’s changed the floodplains of NSW’s coastal rivers forever. The Hastings area was no exception. “Dense alluvial brushes, rising like gigantic green walls on both sides of the rivers”, described by Government Surveyor Clement Hodgkinson (c. 1830), occupied the best land along the rivers and creeks and was effectively removed altogether. In particular, Lowland Rainforest is virtually gone from the landscape and it is now ‘critically endangered’. Many of the native animals it once supported are now left vulnerable to extinction. Our fertile alluvial soils can only become more valuable as population increases and demands for better, locally grown, produce also increase. Even so, the concept that agriculture and conservation can sit capably side by side in the landscape is gaining acceptance. The floodplain landscape is surely big enough to accommodate both. Excessive clearing reduces biodiversity 2 Clearing in the Hastings and Camden Haven River catchment As machinery and drainage technology improved, this clearing extended into the lower lying parts of the floodplain. Only recently as our collective understanding of landscape ecology has increased have we realised what has been lost. So altered are the diverse floodplain vegetation types that they are now considered ‘endangered’. Riverbank planting Don’t let our riparian areas be destroyed! They need your help! This guide is designed to outline the main considerations for anyone interested in undertaking some restoration of the original Hastings riparian vegetation, be it modest or ambitious. Like any worthwhile goal it will require some effort, but there is assistance available in the form of information, technical support and funding incentives. 3 What grows where....... Vegetation communities differ by species that can tolerate specific conditions. The first step in any revegetation project is to determine where you are in the landscape and hence which types of vegetation are most suitable for your setting. Saltmarsh Lowland Rainforest Swamp Sclerophyll Floodplain Dry Sclerophyll Dry Sclerophyll Endangered Mangroves Critically Endangered Reedbeds Mixed Forest Reedbeds Wet Sclerophyll Ecological River Wet Sclerophyll Ecological Community Endangered Endangered Community Gully Rainforest NSW (EEC) Ecological Community Ecological Community Gully Rainforest NSW (EEC) NSW (EEC) NSW (EEC) Mixed Generally treeless, Grey Aquatic Tall mixed forests of Water tolerant trees such as A mix of lowland Beds of reeds and Mixed hardwood hardwood dominated by salt Mangrove grasses and rainforest plants, many paperbarks and swamp oaks rainforest and river grasses where flood forests forests tolerant grasses, near river reeds against figs. Palms and vines around the edges. Beds of species, a less closed waters and stands dominated by dominated by sedges and mouth, River riverbanks common. Many species reeds and grasses grow where and less diverse mix of water will sit the Eucalypts. Eucalypts. succulents. Mangrove where salt are fruit bearing and an flood waters and stands of of species. Fringed longest. Rainforest Rainforest near tidal levels are low. important food resource water will sit the longest. by paperbarks and species found species found limit, mix of for a range of birds, land swamp oaks. in gullies and in gullies and both in the snails, butterflies and south-facing south-facing middle. flying foxes. slopes. slopes. King Tide/ Flood Well elevated from flood water Receives salt water from tidal flows Low Tide Floodplain Floodplain Estuarine Wetland Intertidal River River Levee Backswamp / Floodplain Swamp Old River Levee Backswamp margin margin Inundation: Inundation: Inundation: Inundation: Inundation: Inundation: Inundation: Inundation: Inundation: * Never * Frequent * Daily by * Native * Infrequently and briefly * Infrequently inundated by * Infrequently and * Infrequently * Never inundated inundation by tides grasses and by bigger floods large flood events, often for briefly by bigger inundated by inundated as it as it sits well highest tides and * Tidal water reeds sit in * Flood water fresh not prolonged periods floods flood events, often sits well above above flood floods salty or the shallow salty * Flood water generally fresh * Flooding water fresh for prolonged flood water water levels * Tidal water salty brackish waters but also may be subject to not salty periods levels or brackish constantly on Soils: acid water from acid sulphate * Flood water * Soils: Soils: the banks of * Well structured, well soils Soils: generally fresh * Soils: Well Soils: * Highly the river drained, highly fertile Well structured, well Well drained, drained, not * Waterlogged saline Soils: drained, highly fertile Soils: not limited by limited by * Acidic or saline * Generally poorly structured, * See Backswamp / waterlogging waterlogging infertile & acidic floodplain swamp * Potential for acid sulphate info detailed left soil development if drained or suffers erosion 4 Vegetation of the Hastings....... Many vegetation communities occurring in the Hastings have been cleared to the point they are now considered endangered or threatened. By revegetating your riparian areas, you will be supporting conservation efforts as well as returning natural systems to the Hastings area. Saltmarsh Lowland Rainforest Swamp Sclerophyll Floodplain Dry Sclerophyll Dry Sclerophyll Endangered Mangroves Critically Endangered Reedbeds Mixed Forest Reedbeds Wet Sclerophyll Ecological River Wet Sclerophyll Ecological Community Endangered Endangered Community Gully Rainforest NSW (EEC) Ecological Community Ecological Community Gully Rainforest NSW (EEC) NSW (EEC) NSW (EEC) Mixed Generally treeless, Grey Aquatic Tall mixed forests of Water tolerant trees such as A mix of lowland Beds of reeds and Mixed hardwood hardwood dominated by salt Mangrove grasses and rainforest plants, many paperbarks and swamp oaks rainforest and river grasses where flood forests forests tolerant grasses, near river reeds against figs. Palms and vines around the edges. Beds of species, a less closed waters and stands dominated by dominated by sedges and mouth, River riverbanks common. Many species reeds and grasses grow where and less diverse mix of water will sit the Eucalypts. Eucalypts. succulents. Mangrove where salt are fruit bearing and an flood waters and stands of of species. Fringed longest. Rainforest Rainforest near tidal levels are low. important food resource water will sit the longest. by paperbarks and species found species found limit, mix of for a range of birds, land swamp oaks. in gullies and in gullies and both in the snails, butterflies and south-facing south-facing middle. flying foxes. slopes. slopes. Elevated Persistent water after flood/rain from flood water Persistent water after flood/rain Floodplain Floodplain Estuarine Wetland Intertidal River River Levee Backswamp / Floodplain Swamp Old River Levee Backswamp margin margin Inundation: Inundation: Inundation: Inundation: Inundation: Inundation: Inundation: Inundation: Inundation: * Never * Frequent * Daily by * Native * Infrequently and briefly * Infrequently inundated by * Infrequently and * Infrequently * Never inundated inundation by tides grasses and by bigger floods large flood events, often for briefly by bigger inundated by inundated as it as it sits well highest tides and * Tidal water reeds sit in * Flood water fresh not prolonged periods floods flood events, often sits well above above flood floods salty or the shallow salty * Flood water generally fresh * Flooding water fresh for prolonged flood water water levels * Tidal water salty brackish waters but also may be subject to not salty periods levels or brackish constantly on Soils: acid water from acid sulphate * Flood water * Soils: Soils: the banks of * Well structured, well soils Soils: generally fresh * Soils: Well Soils: * Highly the river drained, highly fertile Well structured, well Well drained, drained, not * Waterlogged saline Soils: drained, highly fertile Soils: not limited by limited by * Acidic or saline * Generally poorly structured, * See Backswamp / waterlogging waterlogging infertile & acidic floodplain swamp * Potential for acid sulphate info detailed left soil development if drained or suffers erosion 5 What to plant....... Below is a broad list of general local native species found growing within vegetation communities of the Hastings & Camden Haven. Intertidal & Estuarine Wetland Weeping Bottlebrush Intertidal Species Grey Mangrove - Avicennia marina River Mangrove - Aegiceras corniculatum Native Reed/Quill Rod - Phragmites australis Marsh Club Rush - Bolboschoenus fluviatilis Estuarine Wetlands Swamp Oak - Casuarina glauca (wetland margins) Willow Bottlebrush - Callistemon salignus (wetland margins) Sea Rush/Juncus - Juncus kraussii Saltwater Couch - Sporobolus virginicus Prickly Couch - Zoysia macrantha River Levee Lowland rainforest on the Floodplain Trees - species from Old River Levee plus the following: Rough Elm - Aphananthe philippinensis Bangalow Palm - Archontophoenix cunninghamiana Red Olive Plum - Cassine australis Murrogun - Cryptocarya microneura Jackwood - Cryptocarya glaucescens Black Plum - Diospyros australis Stinging Tree - Dendrocnide excelsa Native Tamarind - Diploglottis
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