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1 Introduction to Secondary School Education in Ireland: History, Memories and Life Stories, 1922–1962

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1 Introduction to Secondary School Education in Ireland: History, Memories and Life Stories, 1922–1962 Notes 1 Introduction to Secondary School Education in Ireland: History, Memories and Life Stories, 1922–1962 1. For a comprehensive account of political developments associated with this scheme, see J. Walsh (2009). The Politics of Expansion: The Transforma- tion of Educational Policy in the Republic of Ireland, 1957–1972. Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 182–194. 2. See T. O’Donoghue (1999). The Catholic Church and the Secondary School Curriculum in Ireland, 1922–1962. New York: Peter Lang, p. 23. 3. One of the best overviews on this situation is still A. Green (1990). Education and State Formation: The Rise of Education Systems in England, France and the USA. London: Macmillan. 4. A variety of these are mentioned throughout Chapter 2. 5. Investment in Education Survey Team (1965). Investment in Education – Report of the Survey Team. Dublin: Stationery Office, p. 51. 6. See, for example, J. Coolahan (1981). Irish Education: History and Structure. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration; E. Doyle (2000). Leading the Way: Managing Voluntary Secondary Schools. Dublin: Secretariat of Secondary Schools; S. Farren (1995). The Politics of Irish Education, 1920–1965. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast; D. Mulcahy and D. O’Sullivan (1989). Irish Educational Policy: Process and Structure.Dublin: Institute of Public Administration; S. Ó Búachalla (1988). Education Policy in Twentieth Century Ireland. Dublin: Wolfhound Press; D. O’Sullivan (Ed.) (2005). Cultural Politics and Irish Education since the 1950s. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration; E. Randles (1975). Post-primary Education in Ireland, 1957–1970. Dublin: Veritas Publications. 7. The Irish Churches were involved in education, not only in Ireland, but overseas. This involved providing schools for the children of those in Irish diasporic communities throughout the English-speaking world as well as children in mission lands. On this, see D. Murphy (2000). A History of Irish Emigrant and Missionary Education. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 8. Regarding university education for women, for example, see J. Harford (2008). The Opening of University Education to Women in Ireland. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. 9. See M. O’Connor (2010). The Development of Infant Education in Ireland, 1838– 1948: Epochs and Eras. Oxford: Peter Lang; T. Walsh (2012). Primary Education in Ireland, 1897–1990. Oxford: Peter Lang. 10. See, for example, V. Jones (2006). A Gaelic Experiment: The Preparatory System, 1926–1961, and Coláiste Móibhí. Dublin: The Woodfield Press. 11. For a history of the schools’ inspectors, see J. Coolahan and P. F. O’Donovan (2009). A History of Ireland’s School Inspectorate, 1831–2008. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 234 Notes 235 12. Two exceptions in this regard are B. MacMahon (1992). The Master. Dublin: The Poolbeg Press, and T. J. McElligott (1986). This Teaching Life – A Mem- oir of Schooldays in Ireland. Dublin: The Lilliput Press. For an account of lay teachers in Catholic schools, see P. Duffy (1967). The Lay Teacher.Dublin: Fallons. For a history of the teachers’ unions, see J. Coolahan (1984). The ASTI and Post-primary Education in Ireland, 1909–1984. Dublin: The Asso- ciation of Secondary Teachers of Ireland; J. Logan (1999). Teachers’ Union: The Teachers’ Union of Ireland and Its Forerunners in Irish Education, 1899– 1994. Dublin: A. and A. Farmar; T. J. O’Connell (1968). 100 Years of Progress: The Story of the Irish National Teachers’ Organisation, 1868–1968. Dublin: The INTO. 13. See, for example, A. Taylor (2010). To School through the Fields. Dublin: Brandon Books. 14. For an overview on the evidence, see B. Arnold (2009). The Irish Gulag: How the State Betrayed Its Innocent Children. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan; M. Raftery (1999). Suffer the Little Children: The Inside of Ireland’s Industrial Schools. Dublin: New Island Books. 15. See, for example, P. Doyle (1989). The God Squad. London: Corgi Books. 16. See, for example, M. Coleman (2007). The abuse of children in Irish Charter Schools in the early nineteenth century, in A. Potts and T. O’Donoghue (Eds.) Schools as Dangerous Places. New York: Cambria Press, pp. 55–86. 17. For extracts in this regard, see A. N. Jeffares and A. Kamm (Eds.) (1987). Irish Childhoods: An Anthology. London: Collins. An exception is P. O’Callaghan and P. Lawlor (2012). Making a Difference: Stories of Inspirational Teachers. Dublin: The Super Generation. 18. V. Minichiello, R. Arone, B. Timewell and L. Alexander (1991). In-depth Interviewing: Researching People. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, p. 166. 19. T. O’Donoghue and R. Brooker (1993). ‘Education through the artist’s eye: A critical interpretation of the recollections and viewpoints of selected Queensland artists’, Australian Art Education, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 18–25. 20. S. Rolls, H. Plauborg and M. Baver (Eds.) (2009). Teachers’ Career Trajectories and Work Lives. The Netherlands: Springer. 21. D. Lortie (1975). Schoolteacher: A Sociological Study.Chicago,IL:Universityof Chicago Press. 22. P. Sikes, L. Measor and P. Woods (1985). Teachers’ Careers: Crises and Continuities. London: Falmer. 23. A. M. Huberman (1993). The Lives of Teachers. New York: Cassell. 24. R. Fessler and J. C. Christensen (1992). The Teacher Career Cycle: Understanding and Guiding the Professional Development of Teachers. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. 25. See T. O’Donoghue and R. Brooker (1993). ‘Education through the artist’s eye: A critical interpretation of the recollections and viewpoints of selected Queensland artists’, p. 19. 26. P. Abbs (1974). Autobiography in Education. London: Heinemann. 27. V. Goertzel and M. G. Goertzel (1962). Cradles of Eminence. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.; Three Hundred Eminent Personalities. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass Publishers. 28. B. Bloom (1985). Developing Talent in Young People. New York: Ballantine Books. 236 Notes 29. See, for example, W. Hughes and R. Dawson (1995). ‘Memories of school: Adult dyslexics recall their school days’, Support for Learning, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 181–184. 30. See,forexample,J.A.Patterson,K.A.Mickelson,M.L.HesterandJ.Wyrick (2011). ‘Remembering teachers in a segregated school’, Urban Education, Vol. 46, pp. 267–291. 31. See, for example, T. H. Claire (2011). An Investigation of the Perspectives of Ex- pupils of a Special School with Moderate Learning Difficulties on Their Schooling. Unpublished EdD Thesis, University of Birmingham. 32. P. Gardner and P. Cunningham (1997). ‘Oral history and teachers’ pro- fessional practice’, Cambridge Journal of Education, Vol. 27, No. 3, 1997, pp. 331–342. 33. R. L. Leight and A. D. Rinehart (1999). Country School Memories: An Oral History of One-room Schooling. Westport, CT: Greenwood. 34. M. Punch (1977). Progressive Retreat: A Sociological Study of Dartington Hall School. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 35. G. W. Allport (1942). The Use of Personal Documents in Psychological Research. New York: Social Science Research Council. 36. N. K. Denzin (1989). The Research Act. Chicago, IL: Aldine. 37. See I. F. Goodson (Ed.) (1992). Studying Teachers’ Lives. London: Routledge, p. 6. 38. L. Abrams (2014). ‘Memory as both source and subject of study: The trans- formations of oral history’, in S. Berger and B. Niven (Eds.) Writing the History of Memory. London: Bloomsbury, p. 97. 39. Ibid., p. 98. 40. G. W. Allport (1942). The Use of Personal Documents in Psychological Research, p. 78. 2 The Broad Background to Secondary School Education in Ireland, 1922–1962 1. For an overview of these see J. Coolahan (1981). Irish Education: History and Structure. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration. 2. Ibid., p. 8. 3. See S. Dunn (1988). ‘Education, religion and cultural change in the Republic of Ireland’, in W. Tulasiewicz and C. Brock (Eds.) Christianity and Educational Provision in International Perspective. London: Routledge, pp. 89–116. 4. Ibid. 5. This is dealt with in detail in T. O’Donoghue (2006). Bilingual Education in Pre-independent Irish-Speaking Ireland, 1800–1922. Ceredigion, Wales: Edwin Mellen Press, pp. 24–31. 6. See M. Wall (1976). The Penal Laws, 1691–1760. Dundalk: Dundalgan Press. 7. The classic work on this is A. McManus (2004). The Irish Hedge School and Its Books, 1695–1831. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 8. For the establishment of Protestant schools within the context of the devel- opments of Protestantism in Ireland see D. Bowen (1978). The Protestant Crusade in Ireland, 1800–1870: A Study of Protestant Catholic Relations between the Union and Disestablishment. Dublin: Gill and MacMillan. Notes 237 9. See, for example, K. Milne (1997). The Charter Schools of Ireland 1730–1830. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. 10. See T. O’Donoghue and J. Harford (2011). ‘Church–State relations in Irish education’, Comparative Education Review, Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 316–317. 11. See T. Fahey (1994). ‘Catholicism and industrial society in Ireland’, in J. H. Goldthorpe and C. T Whelan (Eds.) The Development of Industrial Society in Ireland. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 249–250. 12. See D. Kerr (1982). Peel, Priests and Politics. Oxford: Clarendon. 13. The classic work on this system is D. H. Akenson (1970). The Irish Educa- tion Experiment: The National System of Education in the Nineteenth Century. London: Routledge and Keegan Paul. 14. For excellent analyses of this development see J. Coolahan (1979). ‘The Education Bill of 1919: Problems of educational reform’. Proceedings of the Educational Studies Association of Ireland Conference, Dublin 1979.Dublin: Educational Studies Association of Ireland, pp. 11–31; J. Coolahan (1983). ‘Church and State in Irish education, 1900–1920’, in V. A. McClelland (Ed.) The Churches and Education: History of Education Society, Conference Papers, 1983. Leicester: History of Education Society, pp. 89–100; and R. W. Dudley Edwards (1982). ‘Government of Ireland and education, 1919–1920’, Achivium Hibernicum, Vol. 37, pp. 41–48. 15. J. Coolahan (1979). ‘The Education Bill of 1919: Problems of educational reform’, p. 30. 16. J. Coolahan (1984). The ASTI and Post-primary Education in Ireland, 1909– 1984.
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