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Yuri Modesto Alves Comparação Da Paleoictiofauna Do Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Centro Biomédico Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes Yuri Modesto Alves Comparação da paleoictiofauna do Cretáceo inferior (Aptiano/Albiano) da parte ocidental do Mar de Tétis Rio de Janeiro 2017 Yuri Modesto Alves Comparação da paleoictiofauna do Cretáceo Inferior (Aptiano/Albiano) da parte ocidental do Mar de Tétis Tese apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do Título de Doutor ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo Marques Machado Brito Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Jesus Alvarado-Ortega Rio de Janeiro 2017 CATALOGAÇÃO NA FONTE UERJ / REDE SIRIUS / BIBLIOTECA CTC-A A474 Alves, Yuri Modesto Comparação da paleoictiofauna do cretáceo inferior (aptiano/albiano) da parte ocidental do Mar de Tétis / Yuri Modesto Alves. –2017. 250f.: il. Paulo Marques Machado Brito. Coorientador: Jesus Alvarado Ortega. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes. 1. Peixe fóssil - Teses. 2. Paleobiologia - Teses. 3. Geologia estratigráfica - Cretáceo - Teses. I. Brito, Paulo Marques Machado. II.Ortega, Jesus Alvarado. III.Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes. IV. Título. CDU 567:551.763.1 Rosalina Barros CRB/7 - 4204 - Responsável pela elaboração da ficha catalográfica. Autorizo, apenas para fins acadêmicos e científicos, a reprodução total ou parcial desta tese, desde que citada a fonte. ___________________________________ ______________________ Assinatura Data Yuri Modesto Alves Comparação da paleoictiofauna do Cretáceo inferior (Aptiano/Albiano) da parte ocidental do Mar de Tétis Tese apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do Título de Doutor ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Aprovada em 10 de julho de 2017. Orientadores: Prof. Dr. Paulo Marques Machado Brito Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes – UERJ Prof. Dr. Jesus Alvarado-Ortega Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico Banca Examinadora: _____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Oscar Rocha-Barbosa Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes - UERJ _____________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Lílian Paglarelli Bergqvist Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro _____________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Gisele Mendes Lessa del Giúdice Universidade Federal de Viçosa _____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Diogo de Mayrinck Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes - UERJ Rio de Janeiro 2017 DEDICATÓRIA Dedico este trabalho em homenagem aos meus pais, Igor Conceição Alves de Souza e Maria Inez Modesto de Souza, que desde sempre me inspiraram e incentivaram nos meus estudos (desde pequeno). Além de excelentes pais, são tudo em minha vida! AGRADECIMENTOS Inúmeras pessoas participaram, incentivaram e contribuíram de forma direta ou indireta na execução deste estudo. É imensurável quaisquer palavras de agradecimento ou retribuição a todos que por mim passaram e vivenciaram minha carreira acadêmica, participando da minha formação, seja profissional ou pessoal. Agradeço ao Prof. Dr. Paulo Brito, por ter me aceitado no Laboratório de Ictiologia Tempo e Espaço, me propiciando contato com inúmeros pesquisadores e abrindo várias portas ao redor do mundo. Por ter confiado a mim este interessante projeto e mais além, contribuído tanto na minha formação e crescimento acadêmico desde o mestrado. Mais que um orientador, se tornou um grande amigo e espero que nossos trabalhos continuem além da pós-graduação. Ao Prof. Dr. Jesus Alvarado-Ortega, além da co-orientação, agradeço por todo o suporte, atenção e amizade durante meu período de estudos no México. Outro amigo que conquistou minha profunda admiração e respeito, principalmente pelo seu profissionalismo, atenção e humildade para com todos que o procuram. Com certeza foi fundamental na minha rápida adaptação ao país e a instituição. Agradeço aos órgãos de fomento que financiaram meus estudos: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior (CAPES) pela bolsa de doutorado consedida; à Fundação de Amparo a pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ/processo E- 26/200.068/2016) pela bolsa de doutorado sanduíche; e a UNAM que através do projeto DGAPA/PAPIIT IN 207314 me custeou por um mês. Agradeço ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução pela oportunidade de realizar o doutorado e todo o suporte logístico a mim ofertado. Á UERJ pela ambiência e estímulo intelectual. Cabe aqui também mecionar as secretárias Verusca Machado e Sônia, as coordenadoras Profa. Dra. Gisele Hajdu e Profa. Dra. Rosana Mazzoni, pela presteza e disponibilidade para esclarecer minhas dúvidas. Agradeço aos meus colegas do laboratório, Camila David Cupello, Ivan Vasquez-Jara, Kleyton Cantalice Severiano, Giselle Machado, Lúcio Crivano Machado, Diogo Mayrinck, Ney Melo, Léo Fragoso, Marcos Coelho (Mamá) e Beatriz Miguez (Bia) pelo constante convívio, suporte e amizade. Todos em inúmeras formas me ajudaram bastante. Sou muito grato! Deixo aqui registrado um agradecimento especial a Família Cantalice, Kleyton, Thaís e o Caetano, por tanto ter me ajudado no México, principalmente nos primeiros meses. Praticamente me adotaram em seu caloroso lar mexicano. Gratidão! Em conjunto, eu aproveito para agradecer aos amigos Léon Balam e Eduardo Villalobos Segura (Lalo), pela amizade, constantes visitas e convites para conhecer mais coisas sobre a riquíssima história, culinária e cultura local. Aos funcionários e trabalhadores da UNAM, agradeço também pelo carinho, bom convívio e alegria por todos os dias de trabalho. Os de convívio mais próximo: Carlos Nunes, Gerardo Alvarez, Violeta Romero Mayen, Carolina Espinosa...São tantos! Infelizmente ao momento não me ocorre o nome de todos. Desde os porteiros ao pessoal das cantinas, deixo aqui registrado meu profundo agradecimento. “En la unam todos nosostros somos família”. Também agradeço aos colegas acadêmicos que tive oportunidade de conhecer: novamente Léon e Eduardo (Lalo), o casal Jair Barrientos e Tereza Gatito, os “chiapanecos” Bruno Than e Jesus Diaz (Chucho), e o incansável Hector Porras. Ao casal Jair e Tereza, além da amizade, agradeço principalmente pela companhia no laboratório durante “las vacaciones de verano”. Ao Bruno Than, Jesus Diaz e Hector Porras, por compartilhar conhecimentos diversos durante os trabalhos de campo. O mesmo digo sobre os professores doutores Alejandro Cristín, Ana Luiza Carreño, Maria Del Carmen Perriliat e Marisol, por terem me recebido tão bem sendo companhia constante para os cafés e almoços. O material comparativo do estudo foi consultado, graças ao fácil acesso ás coleções científicas. Por isto agradeço ao Dr. John Maisey, pelo acesso, e a Dra Alana Gishlick por ter me recebido no American Museum of Natural History/EUA. Ao Msc. Hector Espinoza, acesso aos peixes atuais da Colécion Nacional de Peces, UNAM/México. Também a Profa. Dra. Valéria Gallo e Rodrigo Rocha Machado, respectivamente pelo acesso as coleções que são responsáveis, UERJ e DNPM. Outros pesquisadores me forneceram importantes informações, seja através de discussões ou trabalhos de difícil acesso sobre os peixes que os mesmos haviam descrito, casos de Dra. Glória Arratia e Dr. Hans Peter Schultze (University of Kansas, EUA), Dr. Lionel Cavin (Museum of natural History, Geneva, Suíça), Dr. Francisco Poyato-Ariza (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Espanha), Dra Emilia Sferco (Universidad de La Plata, Argentina) e Dr. Louis Taverne (Université Libre de Burxelles, Belgica). Muitos dos trabalhos consultados e referenciados na tese foram obtidos graças a diversas mídias independentes que democratizam o acesso aos periódicos científicos e livros raros. Então agradeço às entidades e pessoas físicas que sustentam o Biodiversity Heritage Library, Library Genesis, Sci-hub e a comunidade do Facebook WIKIPALEO (administrada por Peter Moon e Jorge Bar). Aos Prof. Dr. Lúcio Crivano Machado e Prof. Dr. Oscar Rocha, agradeço pelas sugestões durante meu exame de qualificação. Ao Prof. Dr. Diogo Mayrick, além da ajuda com questões burocráticas e sugestões durante o doutorado sanduíche, por realizar a revisão crítica deste texto. Aos professores doutores Oscar Rocha Barbosa, Lílian Paglarelli Bergqvist, Gisele Mendes Lessa del Giúdice e Diogo de Mayrinck, por terem aceitado o convite para banca, e também pelas críticas e sugestões que muito acrescentaram em minha versão final. Agradeço ao Prof. Dr. Carlos Roberto dos Anjos Candeiro, por ter me ajudado a ascender esta chama científica/acadêmica em mim durante a graduação. Serei eternamente grato pela iniciação na Paleontologia, fora os inúmeros conselhos, “nortes” e orientações ao caminho ético e de respeito a ser seguido. Agradeço aos amigos Robson Almeida, Júlio Rocha e Dionízio Moura Junior, pelas constantes hospedagens em suas casas. Fora o estímulo, conversas e cervejas, me ajudaram bastante sempre que necessitei. São valorozos amigos que tive a satisfação de conhecer nos últimos anos. Agradeço aos meus velhos amigos que apesar da distância, inconstância e tempo, sempre mantiveram acesa nossa amizade, companheirismo, carinho e respeito. Os amigos Kariton Sillas, Miguel Furtado, Francisco Edinardo Ferreira, Pâmela Lavor Rolim, Bruna Patrícia Dutra Costa, Anna Luiza Oliveira, José Rafael Benício, Maylla Chaveiro e Wagner da Silva Matos. Deixo um agradecimento especial também
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