The Experience of Poverty
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The Carlyle Society Papers
THE CARLYLE SOCIETY SESSION 2011-2012 OCCASIONAL PAPERS 24 • Edinburgh 2011 1 2 President’s Letter With another year’s papers we approach an important landmark in Carlyle studies. A full programme for the Society covers the usual wide range (including our mandated occasional paper on Burns), and we will also make room for one of the most important of Thomas’s texts, the Bible. 2012 sees a milestone in the publication of volume 40 of the Carlyle Letters, whose first volumes appeared in 1970 (though the project was a whole decade older in the making). There will be a conference (10-12 July) of academic Carlyle specialists in Edinburgh to mark the occasion – part of the wider celebrations that the English Literature department will be holding to celebrate its own 250th anniversary of Hugh Blair’s appointment to the chair of Rhetoric, making Edinburgh the first recognisable English department ever. The Carlyle Letters have been an important part of the research activity of the department for nearly half a century, and there will also be a public lecture later in November (when volume 40 itself should have arrived in the country from the publishers in the USA). As part of the conference there will be a Thomas Green lecture, and members of the Society will be warmly invited to attend this and the reception which follows. Details are in active preparation, and the Society will be kept informed as the date draws closer. Meantime work on the Letters is only part of the ongoing activity, on both sides of the Atlantic, to make the works of both Carlyles available, and to maintain the recent burst of criticism which is helping make their importance in the Victorian period more and more obvious. -
7-Night Southern Lake District Tread Lightly Guided Walking Holiday for Solos
7-Night Southern Lake District Tread Lightly Guided Walking Holiday for Solos Tour Style: Tread Lightly Destinations: Lake District & England Trip code: CNSOS-7 2, 3 & 5 HOLIDAY OVERVIEW We are all well-versed in ‘leaving no trace’ but now we invite you to join us in taking it to the next level with our new Tread Lightly walks. We have pulled together a series of spectacular walks which do not use transport, reducing our carbon footprint while still exploring the best landscapes that the Southern Lake District have to offer. You will still enjoy the choice of three top-quality walks of different grades as well as the warm welcome of a HF country house, all with the added peace of mind that you are doing your part in protecting our incredible British countryside. Relax and admire magnificent mountain views from our Country House on the shores of Conistonwater. Walk in the footsteps of Wordsworth, Ruskin and Beatrix Potter, as you discover the places that stirred their imaginations. Enjoy the stunning mountain scenes with lakeside strolls or enjoy getting nose-to-nose with the high peaks as you explore their heights. Whatever your passion, you’ll be struck with awe as you explore this much-loved area of the Lake District. www.hfholidays.co.uk PAGE 1 [email protected] Tel: +44(0) 20 3974 8865 HOLIDAYS HIGHLIGHTS • Head out on guided walks to discover the varied beauty of the South Lakes on foot • Choose a valley bottom stroll or reach for the summits on fell walks and horseshoe hikes • Let our experienced leaders bring classic routes and hidden gems to life • Visit charming Lakeland villages • A relaxed pace of discovery in a sociable group keen to get some fresh air in one of England’s most beautiful walking areas • Evenings in our country house where you can share a drink and re-live the day’s adventures TRIP SUITABILITY This trip is graded Activity Level 2, 3 and 5. -
ARCHITECTURE, POWER, and POVERTY Emergence of the Union
ARCHITECTURE, POWER, AND POVERTY Emergence of the Union Workhouse Apparatus in the Early Nineteenth-Century England A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Gökhan Kodalak January 2015 2015, Gökhan Kodalak ABSTRACT This essay is about the interaction of architecture, power, and poverty. It is about the formative process of the union workhouse apparatus in the early nineteenth-century England, which is defined as a tripartite combination of institutional, architectural, and everyday mechanisms consisting of: legislators, official Poor Law discourse, and administrative networks; architects, workhouse buildings, and their reception in professional journals and popular media; and paupers, their everyday interactions, and ways of self-expression such as workhouse ward graffiti. A cross-scalar research is utilized throughout the essay to explore how the union workhouse apparatus came to be, how it disseminated in such a dramatic speed throughout the entire nation, how it shaped the treatment of pauperism as an experiment for the modern body-politic through the peculiar machinery of architecture, and how it functioned in local instances following the case study of Andover union workhouse. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Gökhan Kodalak is a PhD candidate in the program of History of Architecture and Urbanism at Cornell University. He received his bachelor’s degree in architectural design in 2007, and his master’s degree in architectural theory and history in 2011, both from Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul. He is a co-founding partner of ABOUTBLANK, an inter-disciplinary architecture office located in Istanbul, and has designed a number of award-winning architectural and urban design projects in national and international platforms. -
Almshouse, Workhouse, Outdoor Relief: Responses to the Poor in Southeastern Massachusetts, 1740-1800” Historical Journal of Massachusetts Volume 31, No
Jennifer Turner, “Almshouse, Workhouse, Outdoor Relief: Responses to the Poor in Southeastern Massachusetts, 1740-1800” Historical Journal of Massachusetts Volume 31, No. 2 (Summer 2003). Published by: Institute for Massachusetts Studies and Westfield State University You may use content in this archive for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the Historical Journal of Massachusetts regarding any further use of this work: [email protected] Funding for digitization of issues was provided through a generous grant from MassHumanities. Some digitized versions of the articles have been reformatted from their original, published appearance. When citing, please give the original print source (volume/ number/ date) but add "retrieved from HJM's online archive at http://www.westfield.ma.edu/mhj. Editor, Historical Journal of Massachusetts c/o Westfield State University 577 Western Ave. Westfield MA 01086 Almshouse, Workhouse, Outdoor Relief: Responses to the Poor in Southeastern Massachusetts, 1740-1800 By Jennifer Turner In Duxbury, Massachusetts, local folklore emphasizes that before the current Surplus Street was named, it was called Poverty Lane because it led to the “poor” farm, and before it was Poverty Lane, local residents knew it as Folly Street, over which one’s folly led to the Almshouse.1 Although such local folklore suggests a rather stringent attitude towards giving alms to the poor in colonial society, the issue of poor relief absorbed much of the attention of town officials before and after the American Revolution. Throughout the colonial period and early republic, many Massachusetts towns faced growing numbers of needy men, women and children in need of relief. -
University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF LAW, ARTS & SOCIAL SCIENCES School of Social Sciences Poor Law Reform and Policy Innovation in Rural Southern England, c.1780-1850 by Samantha Anne Shave Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2010 i UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF LAW, ARTS & SOCIAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Doctor of Philosophy POOR LAW REFORM AND POLICY INNOVATION IN RURAL SOUTHERN ENGLAND, c.1780-1850 by Samantha Anne Shave Recent analysis in poor law history has uncovered the experiences of individual relief claimants and recipients, emphasising their role in the welfare process. The literature has, however, tended to draw a false dichotomy between understanding the experiences of the individual poor and understanding the administration of the poor laws. This thesis deploys a ‘policy process’ understanding of social policies, a concept developed in the social sciences, to understand the processes driving social policies under the poor laws. -
Almshouses 1731 to 1964
Newton’s Almshouses 1731 to 1964 Michael J Clarke 1/12/15 Time Line 1731 Vote to establish Workhouse 1734 Board of Overseers of the Poor established 1763 Vote to build Workhouse 1818 Poorhouse established in Auburndale at former home of John Pigeon 1840 Almshouse & Poor Farm moves to Waban 1842 Dorothea Dix visits Waban Almshouse 1880 Poor Department established 1881 Newton Cottage Hospital founded as part of Poor Department 1886 Newton Cottage Hospital opens as a private institution 1890 Poor Farm land purchased on Winchester St. next to Working Boys Home 1898 Poor Department becomes Charity Department 1899 Almshouse built at 525 Winchester St. 1900 Almshouse inmates move to Winchester St. 1905 Board of Overseers of the Poor replaced by a single Overseer 1909 Almshouse becomes City Home 1917 City Home expanded 1929 Charity Department becomes Department of Public Welfare Overseer of the Poor becomes Director of Public Welfare 1938 Brick and stone toolhouse built behind City Home 1941 Board of Public Welfare commences meeting 1946 City Home becomes City Infirmary 1956 City Infirmary barn and piggery destroyed by fire. New barn built. 1964 City Infirmary closes 1968 Department of Public Welfare and Board of Public Welfare abolished Infirmary Land and buildings transferred to the Recreation Commission 1974 Community Gardens established on Infirmary Lands 1980 Purchase of land from Xaverian Brothers Working Boys Home 1987 Nahanton Park established by combining Poor Farm with WBH land Cover: The Misfortunes of Old Age – On the Way to the Poorhouse, wood engraving by John N. Hyde, published in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, September 9, 1882. -
Will Mx0iml^Lt ¦ Jsfott!
WEST RIDING ELECTION. f ' BbotHeb Chaetlst 2To>"-Ei.ectob5,—On Monday //^EWES-Toissdat. E£St you will be called upon to perform, fo r yourselves, ¦ The polling commenced this morning at eight s most sacred dntv ; do less a duty fh^n to declare o'clock, andjwas carried on briskly by both parties. no there is a majority cf At foar o^lock, the final close of the Roll, th« vLeit-er or non-electors over numbers were— tie electors in the great county of York, -srho consider tiemselret entitled to, and capable Fitzroy(Tory) 403 of exerciKing, the MX0iMl jSfott! Cantilupe(Tory).. Wi l l ^ llt 386 , franchise. That and simply that, is the question Harford ( Whig) 412 yrhichyon -will be called upon to decide, and beyond Elphinstone (Wnig) 409 one point yon bare not the laat slightest interest giving a majority of six only above the Consom- Brothers, bear this in mind. On Monday, for tire tiie first time, yon -rill meet the factions AND LEEDS GENERAL ADVERTISER. CIRENCESTER.-Ti7*s*AT. jti>/& handed, nund that. The Whigs and the Torifea ; tsznoi unite against yon. Whig hands only Trill be ' VOL IT. SO. 190. SATURDAY, JULY 3, 1841. The election for this borough took plaee this d»y> : ™^™ "'" before G. Beylr, Gent., High Stemtii faft Towa b»!d np for the old hack and cradled Lord. Tory ! >™S? ^™ Hall. fiM Brothers, mind, by stating ho had a right to take his seat if a poll The lW*w»feer, TV C. Master^Eeq., wu fcaE&s, and only Tory hands, ¦will be held np for the when the jubilee is over, we fall Mr. -
Unitarian Members of Parliament in the Nineteenth Century
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Stirling Online Research Repository Unitarian Members of Parliament in the Nineteenth Century A Catalogue D. W. Bebbington Professor of History, University of Stirling The catalogue that follows contains biographical data on the Unitarians who sat in the House of Commons during the nineteenth century. The main list, which includes ninety-seven MPs, is the body of evidence on which the paper on „Unitarian Members of Parliament in the Nineteenth Century‟ is based. The paper discusses the difficulty of identifying who should be treated as a Unitarian, the criterion chosen being that the individual appears to have been a practising adherent of the denomination at the time of his service in parliament. A supplementary list of supposed Unitarian MPs, which follows the main list, includes those who have sometimes been identified as Unitarians but who by this criterion were not and some who may have been affiliated to the denomination but who were probably not. The borderline is less sharp than might be wished, and, when further research has been done, a few in each list may need to be transferred to the other. Each entry contains information in roughly the same order. After the name appear the dates of birth and death and the period as an MP. Then a paragraph contains general biographical details drawn from the sources indicated at the end of the entry. A further paragraph discusses religious affiliation and activities. Unattributed quotations with dates are from Dod’s Parliamentary Companion, as presented in Who’s Who of British Members of Parliament. -
Life on Poorhouse Knob: Poor-Relief in Montgomery County, Virginia, 1830−1860
Life on Poorhouse Knob: Poor-relief in Montgomery County, Virginia, 1830−1860 Jennifer A. Gallagher In 1850, a twenty-seven-year-old woman named Maria Rose resided atop Poorhouse Knob in the Montgomery County (Virginia) Poorhouse, sharing the dwelling with eleven other “paupers,” the supervisor of the poor, and his wife and four children.1 A full decade later, Maria’s economic circumstances had apparently not changed, as she was still living on Poorhouse Knob. She was now, however, surrounded by entirely different people. In 1860, she was keeping company with only six other “paupers,” a different supervisor, and his wife and five young children.2 As is often the case for society’s most vulnerable citizens, history has only left us the barest glimpse of Maria’s life. She lived in the poorhouse during the prime of her life, at least from ages twenty-seven to thirty-six, and possibly longer. She could read and write, and she was a native Virginian. She most likely had a daughter living with her in the poorhouse because in 1850, an eleven- year-old named Amanda Rose was listed as a resident.3 Although we can speculate on what life may have been like for Maria and her daughter on this rural poor farm in southwestern Virginia, their actual daily experience cannot be retrieved from the depths of more than a century. Taken together with other historical fragments, however, our limited history of Maria Rose can provide a window into how rural, southern communities understood and addressed poverty in the nineteenth century. -
3-Night Southern Lake District Gentle Walking Holiday
3-Night Southern Lake District Gentle Walking Holiday Tour Style: Gentle Walks Destinations: Lake District & England Trip code: CNBEW-3 1, 2 & 3 HOLIDAY OVERVIEW Walk in the footsteps of Wordsworth, Ruskin and Beatrix Potter, as you discover the places that stirred their imaginations. Enjoy the stunning mountain scenes with lakeside strolls, taking a cruise across the lake on the steam yacht Gondola, or enjoy getting nose-to-nose with the high peaks as you explore their heights. Whatever your passion, you’ll be struck with awe as you explore this much-loved area of the Lake District. WHAT'S INCLUDED • High quality en-suite accommodation at our country house • Full board from dinner upon arrival to breakfast on departure day • 2 full days of guided walking with choice of easier, medium and harder grades • Use of our comprehensive Discovery Point • The services of HF Holidays Walking Leaders www.hfholidays.co.uk PAGE 1 [email protected] Tel: +44(0) 20 3974 8865 HOLIDAYS HIGHLIGHTS • Walk in the footsteps of Wordsworth, Ruskin and Beatrix Potter, as you discover the places that stirred their imaginations • Enjoy the stunning mountain scenes with lakeside strolls, taking a cruise across the lake on the steam yacht Gondola, or enjoy getting nose-to-nose with the high peaks as you explore their heights • Let your leader bring classic routes and offbeat areas to life • Spend the evenings in our country house where you can share a drink and re-live the days adventures TRIP SUITABILITY This trip is graded Activity Level 1, 2, 3, This easier variation of our best-selling Guided Walking holidays is the perfect way to enjoy a gentle exploration of the Lake District. -
Aristocratic Whig Politics in Early-Victorian Yorkshire: Lord Morpeth and His World
ARISTOCRATIC WHIG POLITICS IN EARLY-VICTORIAN YORKSHIRE: LORD MORPETH AND HIS WORLD David Christopher Gent Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of York Department of History 2010 ABSTRACT This thesis explores the provincial life of George W. F. Howard (1802-64), 7th Earl of Carlisle, better known as the early-Victorian Whig aristocrat and politician Lord Morpeth. It challenges accounts which have presented Whiggery as metropolitan in ethos, by demonstrating that Morpeth strongly engaged with the county of Yorkshire as a politician, philanthropist and landlord. It provides the first dedicated account of how Whiggery operated, and was perceived, in a provincial setting. An introduction summarises the current historiography on the Whigs, and establishes the rationale behind the study. Chapter One details the pivotal influence of Morpeth’s Christian faith on his thought. It suggests that his religious values shaped both his non- political and political actions, ensuring a correlation between them. Chapters Two and Four are concerned with Morpeth’s career as M.P. for Yorkshire (1830-32) and the West Riding (1832-41, 1846-48). They suggest that Morpeth played a key role in building an alliance between the region’s liberals and Whiggery, based around the idea that the Whigs would offer political, economic and ecclesiastical reforms. However, they show how this alliance gradually splintered, partly owing to differences between the Whigs and some of the region’s nonconformist liberals over issues of Church and State and the Whigs’ social reform policies. Chapter Three details Morpeth’s activities as a philanthropist in the county. It suggests that this maintained his links to his supporters, shaped his views on social questions, and enhanced his political reputation. -
Chartism's Electoral Strategy and the Bifurcation of Radicalism, 1837-1852 Tom Scriven Chartism's Direct and Extensive Engagem
Chartism's electoral strategy and the bifurcation of Radicalism, 1837-1852 Tom Scriven Chartism’s direct and extensive engagement with electoral politics received little attention from historians until the analysis of ‘Labour’s Candidates’ by Malcolm Chase in 2009.1 As Chase highlights, there were forty-two Chartist electoral candidatures for Parliament between 1839 and 1860, a number that did not include the movement’s figurehead and after 1847 MP for Nottingham Feargus O’Connor, and numerous other candidates who appeared on the hustings but retired prior to polling.2 Electioneering was consequently a ‘serious initiative’ that should not be dismissed as opportunism or dilettantism.3 This has broken new ground and provided a new avenue for studying not only Chartism but also the history of working-class Radical electioneering, which is more widely seen as developing in the 1860s.4 Despite this, it is not a comprehensive study of Chartism’s electoral strategy. Chase effectively dates the origin of Chartist electioneering to the formation of the National Charter Association (NCA) in 1840 and the subsequent Chartist intervention at the 1841 General Election, while the majority of the text focusses on the period after the formation by the NCA in 1846 of the National Central Registration and Election Committee (NCREC), an ambitious but ultimately unsuccessful attempt to centralise the recruitment and organisation of Chartist candidates. In doing so ‘Labour’s Candidates’, despite its innovation and detail, is consistent with a pre-existing historiographical focus on the role of O’Connor and the 1841 General Election in Chartist electioneering.5 1 Malcolm Chase, ‘‘Labour’s Candidates’: Chartist Challenges at Parliamentary Polls, 1839-1860’ Labour History Review 74, no 1 (April, 2009), 64-89.