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Enhancing Employment Opportunities in the Saudi Arabian Private Sector

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Enhancing Employment Opportunities in the Saudi Arabian Private Sector Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations 2016 Enhancing employment opportunities in the Saudi Arabian private sector Ahmad Alghamedi Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Alghamedi, Ahmad, "Enhancing employment opportunities in the Saudi Arabian private sector" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 752. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd/752 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected] , [email protected]. Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology ENHANCING EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN THE SAUDI ARABIAN PRIVATE SECTOR A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in Organizational Leadership by Ahmad Alghamedi December, 2016 Ronald Stephens, Ed.D. – Dissertation Chairperson This dissertation, written by Ahmad Alghamedi under the guidance of a Faculty Committee and approved by its members, has been submitted to and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION Doctoral Committee: Ronald Stephens, Ed. D., Chairperson Leo Mallette, Ed.D. Mahmoud AlBawaneh, Ph.D. © Copyright by Ahmad Alghamedi (2016) All Rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... vii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................. viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................x VITA .............................................................................................................................................. xi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. xii Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Background of the Study .....................................................................................................8 Problem Statement .............................................................................................................11 Purpose ...............................................................................................................................12 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................13 Research Questions ............................................................................................................14 Limitations .........................................................................................................................14 Key Assumptions ...............................................................................................................15 Key Definitions ..................................................................................................................15 Summary ............................................................................................................................17 Chapter 2: Literature Review .........................................................................................................18 Background of Saudi Arabia and Unemployment .............................................................18 Unemployment Definition .................................................................................................23 Unemployment Impact.......................................................................................................24 Types of Unemployment in Saudi Arabia .........................................................................27 Major Factors for High Unemployment in Saudi Arabia ..................................................28 The MOL ...........................................................................................................................42 Saudization Policy .............................................................................................................44 Nitaqat Scheme ..................................................................................................................49 Calculating Nitaqat Equation .............................................................................................54 SPELIT Power Matrix .......................................................................................................55 Summary ............................................................................................................................62 Chapter 3: Research Methodology.................................................................................................63 Restatement of the Problem Statement ..............................................................................63 Restatement of the Research Questions .............................................................................64 Research Methodology ......................................................................................................65 Research Ethics ..................................................................................................................66 Page Protection of Human Subjects ...........................................................................................66 Security ..............................................................................................................................67 Minimizing the Risk ..........................................................................................................68 Confidentiality ...................................................................................................................69 Population Sample .............................................................................................................70 Study Characteristics .........................................................................................................70 Research Instrument...........................................................................................................71 Validity and Reliability of the Data Collecting Instrument ...............................................74 Data Collecting Procedures ................................................................................................74 Data Analysis .....................................................................................................................76 Limitations .........................................................................................................................76 Summary ............................................................................................................................77 Chapter 4: Findings ........................................................................................................................78 Description of the Sample ..................................................................................................79 Details of Analysis and Results .........................................................................................81 Additional Findings ...........................................................................................................86 Summary ............................................................................................................................88 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................89 Discussion of Key Findings ...............................................................................................90 Conclusions and Implications ..........................................................................................105 Policy and Practitioner Recommendations ......................................................................106 Recommendations for Future Research ...........................................................................107 Summary ..........................................................................................................................108 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................109 APPENDIX A:: Consent Form For The Ministry of Labor Employees ......................................121 APPENDIX B:: Consent Form for the Saudi Business Owners ..................................................124 APPENDIX C:: CITI Program Certificate of Completion ..........................................................127 APPENDIX D:: Site Approval ....................................................................................................128 APPENDIX E:: Site Approval .....................................................................................................129 APPENDIX F:: Survey Questions for the MOL Employees .......................................................130
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