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Statewide Chloride Management Plan

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Statewide Chloride Management Plan Minnesota Statewide Chloride Management Plan wq-s1-94 Acknowledgements The development of this plan was accomplished through a partnership approach with many agencies and organizations across the state. Their contribution to this plan and commitment to the issue has allowed us to develop this comprehensive and strategic approach to reducing salt use while maintaining public needs. Significant Contributors: The MPCA contracted with Fortin Consulting, Inc. to provide the necessary research, civic engagement efforts, and development of statewide winter maintenance best management practices (BMPs) for inclusion in the Statewide Chloride Management Plan and Smart Salting Assessment Tool (SSAt). Fortin Consulting also assisted in the development of many sections of this plan and provided critical review throughout its development. This work was funded through State Clean Water Funds. The MPCA contracted with LimnoTech to provide the necessary research, data analysis, and development and review of many sections of the plan. This work was funded through State Clean Water Funds. Partnerships: American Public Works Association - Minnesota City of Minneapolis Chapter City of Montevideo Bassett Creek Watershed Management Commission City of Moorhead Becker County City of Nisswa City of Pipestone Big Stone County Board of Soil and Water Resources City of Plymouth Capitol Region Watershed District City of Red Wing City of Redwood Falls Carver County City of Rice Lake Casper Construction City of Rochester Chippewa County City of Sartell City of Burnsville City of Shoreview City of Cohasset City of St. Cloud City of Detroit Lakes City of St. Paul City of Duluth City of Superior City of Fargo City of Willmar City of Grand Rapids City of Waconia City of Granite Falls City of Wadena City of Hermantown City of LaPrairie Clay County City of Luverne Crow Wing County D & G Excavating Inc City of Marshall DeSaer Outdoor Creations 2 Dakota County Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Dodge County Minnesota State University Mankato Dust Be Gone Mississippi Watershed Management Organization Eagle Lawn & Labor Murray County East Metro Water Resource Education National Park Service Enviro Tech Services Nicollet County Force America Nine Mile Creek Watershed District Freshwater Society Olmsted County Friends of the Mississippi River Ottertail County Grant County Prescription Landscape Hennepin County Ramsey County Hammerlund Construction Ramsey-Washington Metro Watershed District Hough Inc Redwood County Houston County Renville County Itasca County Rice Creek Watershed District ISD 318 Riley Purgatory Bluff Creek Watershed District Jackson County Jeseritz Construction Scott County Kanabec County Scott County Watershed Management Organization Kandiyohi County Smith Lawn Lacina Siding SNOW REMOVAL 24/7 Lac Qui Parle County Southwest Minnesota State University Lake County SSC Services Stevens County Lanier Parking LimnoTech St. Louis County Stearns County Lincoln County Thomas Tree and Landscape Lyon County Three Rivers Park District Marshall Municipal Utilities Turf and Tree Metropolitan Council Environmental Services Twin Lakes Services, Inc. Minnesota Association of Townships United States Geological Survey Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board University of Minnesota - Duluth Minnehaha Creek Watershed District University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Minnesota Cities Stormwater Coalition University of Minnesota Extension Minnesota Department of Agriculture and Waseca County Discovery Farms Minnesota Widseth Smith Nolting Minnesota Department of Health Yellow Medicine County Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Minnesota Department of Transportation Minnesota Pollution Control Agency primary contributing staff: Eric Alms, Project Manager, Watershed Division Brooke Asleson, Chloride Reduction Program, Resource Management & Assistance Division Elise Doucette, Effluent Limits, Environmental Analysis & Outcomes Division Rachel Olmanson, TMDL Liaison, Municipal Stormwater Section ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 2 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... 3 Tables ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Figures ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 9 Executive Summary: What is the Statewide Chloride Management Plan? ............................. 10 Prioritization and Critical Areas: Where Do I Start? ................................................................................ 12 Implementation Strategies ...................................................................................................................... 12 Find Your Section of the Plan .................................................................................................................. 12 1. Sources of Chloride ......................................................................................................... 14 1.1. Winter Maintenance Activities .................................................................................................... 16 1.2. Water Softening .......................................................................................................................... 20 1.3. Wastewater Sources ................................................................................................................... 22 1.4. Agriculture ................................................................................................................................... 23 1.5. Natural Background .................................................................................................................... 26 1.6. Other ........................................................................................................................................... 26 2. Minnesota’s Land Use, Water Resources, Climate and Climate Change .......................... 28 2.1. Land Use and Water Resources................................................................................................... 28 2.2. Climate Conditions ...................................................................................................................... 31 2.3. Effects of climate change in Minnesota ...................................................................................... 33 2.4. How does this affect chloride levels? .......................................................................................... 37 3. Environmental and Infrastructure Damage ..................................................................... 39 3.1. Infrastructure .............................................................................................................................. 40 3.2. Environmental Impacts ............................................................................................................... 42 4. Chloride Water Quality Conditions and Trends ............................................................... 46 4.1. Chloride Water Quality Conditions and Trends ........................................................................... 46 3 4.2. Condition Status .......................................................................................................................... 47 4.3. Chloride Trends ........................................................................................................................... 66 4.4. TMDL Summary ........................................................................................................................... 95 4.5. Protection of Surface and Groundwater ................................................................................... 100 5. Prioritizing and Implementing Restoration and Protection ........................................... 103 5.1 Prioritization and Critical Areas ................................................................................................ 104 5.2 Implementation Strategies ........................................................................................................ 111 5.3 Chloride Reduction Strategy ...................................................................................................... 116 5.4 Statewide CMP Elements for Specific Audiences ...................................................................... 130 5.5 Secondary Audiences................................................................................................................. 155 5.6 Chloride Policy Considerations .................................................................................................. 159 5.7 Citizen Attitudes and Practices .................................................................................................. 162 5.8 Cost Considerations and Funding Opportunities ....................................................................... 165 6. Success Stories ............................................................................................................. 170 6.1. Municipal Water Softening Successes ......................................................................................
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