The following document is the original Master Plan, adopted by City Council on July 25, 1989 (City Council Resolution Number R-274090). This Master Plan has been amended by the following adopted plan amendments:

 Balboa Park Master Plan Amendment adopted December 9, 1997 (City Council Resolution Number R-289537), incorporating the Balboa Park Activity Center.

 Balboa Park Master Plan Amendment adopted May 4, 1998 (City Council Resolution Number R-290039), incorporating expansion of the Natural History Museum into open park land.

 Balboa Park Master Plan Amendment adopted April 13, 2004 (City Council Resolution Number R-299085), incorporating the Park Boulevard Promenade Project.

 Balboa Park Master Plan Amendment adopted September 21, 2004 (City Council Resolution Number R-299666), incorporating the Veterans Memorial Garden.

Portions of the Balboa Park Master Plan are superseded by the Central Mesa Precise Plan, adopted by City Council on October 20, 1992 (City Council resolution Number R-280920), and the East Mesa Precise Plan, adopted by City Council on April 13, 1993 (City Council Resolution Number R-281752). Please refer to these documents and any subsequent amendments for additional information.

Note: The original Balboa Park Master Plan document contains pages with page numbers but no information (blank pages). Blank pages were deleted from this document. BALBOA PARK

MASTER.. . PLAN : .,

ADOPTED : JULY 25, 1989

The Balboa Master Plan was amended by the C~tyCouncil on December 9,1997 by Resolution No. 289537. This amendment is reflected in the attached insert. BALBOA PARK

MASTER P

Adopted: July 25, 1989

Prepared by: Estrada Land Planning, Inc.

The City of Park & Recreation Department.

The City of San Diego Planning Department. San Diego City Council

Maureen OfConnor, Mayor Abbe Wolfsheimer, District 1 Ron Roberts, District 2 Gloria McColl, District 3 Wes Pratt, District 4 Ed Struiksma, District 5 Bruce Henderson, District 6 Judy McCarty, District 7 Bob Filner, District 8 San Diego Planning Commission Lynn Benn Scott Bernet Chris Calkins Yvonne Larsen Ralph Pesqueira Edward Reynolds Karl Zobell, Chairman Park and Recreation Board Steve Alexander Mark Bruce Lyndelle Fairlie Kenneth Hayashi Betty Hubbard Kathryn Kharas Celicia Lorimer Eugene Mc Elroy Verna Quinn, Chairman Bonnie Reading Bernie Rhinerson Balboa Park Committee Walt DeBrunner Steve Estrada James Heleniak Gary Hranek Betty Hubbard, Chairman Marilyn Irwin Amy Krulak Carol Landsman Jan Madigan Delza Martin Tim OfHara Ron Oliver Harold Starkey, Jr. Richard Streeper Albert Vallin Jerome Wisniew Historical Site Board Harry Evans Gail Garbini Gregory Garratt Susan Hector Dorothy Horn Marilyn Irwin Ronald Kirkemo Vonn-Marie May Pat Schaelchlin Jeffrey Shorn Francis Stites Marco Thorne Virginia Waller Kathryn Willetts, Chairman Sam Biego Park and Recreation Department George Loveland, Director David Twomey, Assistant Director Kathryn Greco, Project Manager, Park Designer Kathy Puplava, Park Horticulturist Karl Schnizler, District Manager Penny Scott, District Manager Gary Stromberg, District Manager San Diego Planning Department Robert Spaulding, City Planning Director Michael Stepner, City Architect Ron Buckley, Senior Planner Ann Hix, Principal Planner Tom Huffman, Senior Planner Tom Story, City Landscape Architect Mark Wardlaw, Senior Planner Estrada Land Planning Steve Estrada, Project Manager, Principal Park Planner Renata Niedzwiecka, Park Planner Bryan Steinke, Graphic Artist Historical Consultant Vonn-Marie May Photo Credits San Diego Historical Society - Ticor Collection Bay Park Link Study Wallace, Roberts and Todd Centre City-Balboa Park Parking Management Program Wilbur Smith Associates TABLE OF CONTENTS

PNTRODUCTPON Page Purpose of the Plan The Vision

DESIGN PRINCIPLES Goals, Objectives, and Design Principles

THE MASTER P Master Plan Summary Conceptual Subarea Master Plans - El Prado West - El Prado East and Spanish Village - The Palisades - Inspiration Point - Central Operations Station - Zoo Parking Lot and Florida Canyon - Morley Field and Arizona Landfill - Golden Hill

MASTER P ELEMENTS Land Use, Architecture and Site Design '~ccess,Circulation and Parking Historic Presenration

Safety & Security Horticulture TABLE OF CONTENTSo CONTINUED

Lighting Signage

MASTER P IMPLEmNTATION Precise Plans Phasing and Construction Costs

~inancing

MASTER P BACKGROUND Park History Past Planning Efforts

MASTER PEAN ANALYSIS Planning Context Land Use and Architecture Access, Circulation and Parking Topography, Soils, Geology Visual Analysis Horticulture Site Analysis Summary

HORTICULTURAL INVENTORY

CITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST OF FIGURES Fisure

1 Illustrative Master Plan

2 Key Map For Conceptual Subarea Master Plans

3 Prado West

4 Prado East and Spanish Village

5 The Palisades

6 ~nspirationPoint North

7 Inspiration Point South

8 Central Operations Station

9 Zoo Parking Lot

10 Morley Field and Arizona Landfill

11 Golden Hill

12 Proposed Land Use and Vicinity Map

13 Proposed Circulation and Parking

14 pedestrian Trail System

15 Bicycle Trail System

16 Proposed Alternative Transportation System

17 Historical Landmark Zone

18 Conceptual Landscape Plan

19 Exterior ~ightingConcepts

20 Signage Concepts

21 Bartholomew Plan

22 Location Map

23 Existing Land Use and Vicinity Map

24 Existing Balboa Park Plan LIST OF FIGURES, CONTD Pase

Land Use Zones 171

~stimatedDaily Attendance 179

Existing Circulation and Parking 18 3

Traffic Analysis 185

levat ti on Analysis 193 Slope Analysis 19 7

Visual Analysis 201

Ex.isting Horticultural Inventory (Massing) 202

Summary Site Analysis 213 Existing Horticultural Inventory (grid) 215

LIST OF TABLES Table Pase

1 Balboa Park Nighttime Parking Supply and 18 8 Occupancy

Purpose of the Plan process, has defined the scope and most of the recommendations of this Master Plan. The in- formation contained within these pages is not entirely The purpose of this Master Plan new. Some of the ideas and ob- document is to give definition jectives have been presented at and guidance to the future numerous public meetings over development of Balboa Park. It the last eight years. It is updates the Master Plan the application of the infoma- prepared by Harland Bartholomew tion which is new. The Goals Associates i.n 1960. Although and Policies which form the many of the ideas and recommen- basis for each of the recommen- dations of the Bartholomew Plan dations were developed in large have been implemented, changing part in response to public in- cultural values, physical con- put. The policies were applied ditions, economics, and politi- to each of the individual plan cal attitudes make it necessary elements, where they were given to update master plans peri- shape and further definition odically to'ensure their resulting in design concepts. relevance. This plan is a reflection of the changes which This Master Plan makes some have occurred in San Diego and recommendations which differ in Balboa Park over the past 29 substantially from the Bar- years. This Master Plan will tholomew Plan. These dif- function as a working document ferences occur in building and which will guide the develop- land use, restoration, road ment and restoration 'of Balboa layout and parking recommenda- Park for the next twenty years. tions. This is due primarily It is a tool which, if properly to changes in park planning used, will contribute to the principles, demography, growing cultural, educational, recrea- energy costs, mass transit tional, and social life of the trends, tourism activity, major entire community. redevelopment programs, his- torical significance,.downtown Since the Bartholomew Plan was development, and changing completed, San Diego has grown economic conditions. from a city with a population of 573,000 to a city of The Master Plan format is 1,100,000 persons. As the city structured to aid the City has grown, greater emphasis has Council, the City Manager, City been placed on cultural and staff, Park institutions and recreational activities. The citizens in their efforts to role of Balboa Park as the cul- successfully implement improve- tural and recreational center ments to the Park. It will of the city has thus become serve as an easy to follow more important to the city. guide and organizational aid for citizen's groups and in- The San Diego City Council, dividuals who continue to play through the public hearing key roles in efforts to plan, develop, maintain and protect legitimate uses for Balboa Park. It should be'noted that this study was a collaborative en- terprise between the Consult- ant, the Parks & Recreation Department, the Planning Department and numerous citizens who participated either individually or as mem- bers of various committees. We wish to thank them for their time, their energy and their continuing interest. The Vision public need at the time they were approved, the long term impact has been negative. Perhaps it was thought that in It is difficult, if not impos- such a large park, a few acres sible, to summarize in a single would not be missed by such a paragraph what planning prin- small city. Because the region ciples should guide the has grown beyond anyone's ex- development of Balboa Park over pectations, however, it may be the next twenty years. If the time to consider returning some plan had one underlying vision of the encroached-upon land statement, however, it could back to the Park. be: Although Balboa Park has dif- "TO NURTURE AND E ferent significance to all CULTURAL, RECREAT PAS- people, it does mean something SIVE RESOURCES OF THE PARK TO to every metropolitan resident MEET THE NEEDS OF THE REGION and to countless thousands who AND SURROUNDING COMMUNITYI have visited the Park from out- TING ITS PHYSICAL? side the metropolitan area. HISTORICAL EWIRONMENT. sM Over the years, there has been much debate regarding the fu- ture of Balboa Park. Should the Park contain more open space? Should cars be allowed? If so, where do they park? Should the museums expand? Should we build more struc- tures? Should Park users pay for any use within-the Park? These are just some of the questions decision makers have had to face since the Park was dedicated in 1868.

As times and the public's per- ception of public resources and open spaces have changed, the public opinion of using park land for non-park purposes has also changed. Many of the encroachments in the Park should not have occurred. Al- though some of the encroach- ments no doubt satisfied a Design Princip Goals, Objectives, and POLICIES Design Primiples The following policies will help achieve the Master Plan goals. GOALS The following major goals will serve as the foundation for the LAND USE Balboa Park Master Plan. FREE mD OPEN PARK Create within the Park a more Free and open park land is a pedestrian oriented environ- dwindling resource which must ment. Reduce automobile and be protected and recovered from pedestrian conflicts. Minimize encroaching uses whenever pos- through traffic. sible. The Arizona Landfill, Central Operations Station and Improve public access to the Inspiration Point shall be Park through an improved in- developed as free and open park tegrated circulation system, land emphasizing multi-use convenient drop-off points, play, picnic and passive uses. better parking management, im- proved signage and increased RECmATIONAL ACTIVITIES security. The improved cir- Consolidate special use recrea- culation system shall de- tion and sports activities in emphasize the automobile while the Morley Field-East Mesa increasing public access to the area, the Zoo and the Golden Park and Park facilities. Hill Recreation Center areas. Preserve, enhance and increase CULTURAL ACTIVITIES free and open parkland and es- Emphasize the Prado and tablish a program of ongoing Palisades areas as the center landscape design, maintenance of cultural activities and replacement. (museums, performing arts, arts and crafts skills, etc.). Restore or improve existing Maintain a "public parkw at- building and landscaped areas mosphere in all improvements within the Park. and provide for both daytime and nighttime uses. Preserve and enhance the mix of cultural, and active and pas- SPECIAL EmNTS sive recreational uses within New and redeveloped facilities Balboa Park that serve na- of the Central Mesa will be tional, regional, community and designed to accommodate mul- neighborhood populations. tiple uses, including special events and maximum public ac- Preserve Balboa Park as an af- cess. fordable park experience for all citizens of San Diego. COMMERCIAL SERVICES Expansion will not be approved Commercial services within the until adoption of a final Park shall be limited to those Master Plan, Financing Plan endeavors that enhance the park and Precise Plans which will experience but are not destina- determined allowable building tion oriented. envelopes and architectural design guidelines for all Park PARK TENANCY facilities. Only those individuals, or- ganizations or activities whose function contributes to either the visitor experience, support CIRCULATION services, or on-site operations and maintenance of the Park ACCESSIBILITY shall be considered for tenancy Accessibility to and within or renewal of lease. Balboa Park shall be increased through alternative modes of PARKING transportation including tran- With the exception of the Or- sit, inter-park shuttles, an gan Pavilion parking structure, intra-park tram, bicycle existing parking areas will not facilities, etc. When off-site be expanded and new parking parking, transit, tram and facilities will not be located shuttle systems provide ade- within the Park unless: quate access to the Prado .and Palisades areas, consider clos- It is demonstrated that off- ing to site parking and/or transpor- automobiles and consider tation alternatives have not, recovering the parking after an adequate period of facilities at testing and use, provided ade- and Inspiration Point as quate accessibility; and productive park land, provided, however, that sufficient An equal or greater amount of close-in parking is retained to usable open park land is accommodate the handicapped. recovered through the provi- sion of parking facilities. EXPANSION Expansion of all Park uses, ac- tivities, and buildings will be guided by the adopted Balboa Park Master Plan and: Expansion will not encroach on open park land, landscaped areas or plazas; and

Access will be provided con- sistent with adopted circula- tion policies; and GEmm BTWATEGIES A11 parking shall be contained The capacity and efficiency of within the structure, not on existing streets, and desig- visible deck areas; and nated parking facilities within Balboa Park shall be increased The structure shall be through implementation of screened from view through transportation and parking landscaping. management techniques. DESIGN ADDPTPOMAL IPrnKPMG Design of street and parking Additional parking for the facilities shall acknowledge central mesa area of Balboa both day and night use of the Park shall be provided through Park. off-site shared parking facilities in a manner that DROP OFF PICK UP supports increased transit and Adequate drop-off, pick-up, shuttle access to the Park. emergency and service/delivery access shall be provided in the RETENTION OF PBIRKPMG Prado and Palisades areas. Shared off-site parking facilities, shuttle service and PRADO PALISADES RESTOMTION transit shall be providing ade- The Prado and Palisades plazas quate access to the Park before shall be restored as pedestrian any existing parking spaces are oriented plazas in which eliminated at Inspiration Point through vehicular traffic is or Alcazar Garden, minimized and conflicts with pedestrians are reduced. PEDESTRIANS b BICYCLES Provide pedestrian and bicycle REPLACEMENT PARKING access into the Park from Replace parking displaced by public rights-of-way and City the landscaping of the Prado open space. and Palisades plazas by the construction of an Organ DPCAPPED ACCESS Pavilion parking structure. Handicapped and elderly access That structure shall be to the park shall be ensured. designed according to the fol- lowing general design parameters: ARCHITECTURE AND DSCAPE The top of the structure shall DESIGN not rise above the floor of the Organ Pavilion; VIEWS Enhance major off-site view- The structure shall be built points, internal viewpoints and within the existing footprint - views from adjacent neigh- of the Organ Pavilion parking borhoods. Screen or buffer in- lot and will provide between compatible uses and views in a 1,000 - 1,500 spaces; timely fashion and in a manner consistent with surrounding landscaping and Park atmos- phere. BSCAPE ST S Standards of the City Landscape Ordinance shall be applied as a minimum to all existing, newly constructed and rehabilitated P Park structures and facilities. Establish an inventory of ex- isting plant materials and SCAPE TBEMES their condition and ensure Maintain and enhance the long their replacement and care established landscape themes of through a thorough horticul- the developed Balboa Park. tural maintenance program, in- cluding a reforestation plan to ARCHITECTURE replace trees lost in past Expansion, rehabilitation and years to wind and other natural new construction will be forces. designed according to adopted design guidelines such that appropriate architectural HISTORIC PRESERVATION styles are incorporated or replicated and significant P RVATIONI MAINTENANCE views, plazas, open space, E CEMENT design symmetry, etc. are not Buildings, arcades, plazas and disrupted. horticultural elements which . contribute to the local his- toric designation and national HORTICULTURE historic status of the Park should be preserved, maintained WATER RECLAMATION and enhanced. Water reclamation shall be employed to protect the Park's REHABILITATION AND NEW CON- horticulture against the pos- STRUCTION sibility of severe water Rehabilitation and new con- shortages. However, Balboa struction should respect the Park is not a desirable loca- historical and architectural tion for water reclamation character of the existing his- facilities since priority has toric structures, arcades, been given to maintaining the plazas and horticultural ele- park in open space. Any water ment of the Park. reclamation facilities shall be placed external to the park site. SAFETY SECURITY

SAFE ENVIROmENT LIGHTING - The Central Operations Provide adequate lighting in Station (20th and 'Bf plazas, parking lots, along Street) primary pedestrian routes, and in areas of nighttime activity. - The Arizona Landfill The East Mesa area IMPLEMENTATION - The Zoo parking lot P NDMENTS Changing conditions will re- quire that this Master Plan be NEIGHBORING COMMUNITIES amended from time to time. As Planning and development within a minimum, the plan should be Balboa Park shall consider the subject to periodic review community plans of, and poten- every five (5) years with the tial Park impacts on, neighbor- first periodic review taking ing communities. In par- place in 1993 at the end of the ticular, planning for the East first planned phase of im- Mesa section of the Park shall plementation. be conducted in cooperation with community planning groups DESIGN STANDARDS for the surrounding areas. Expand existing design stan- dards to implement low main- mINTENANCE OF EFFORT tenance design solutions. Maintain adequate levels of planning, design, improvements, ADVISORY GROUPS maintenance and funding for all Increase the effectiveness of areas of the Park. advisory groups and coordina- tion and communication among these groups. S/GENERAL DEVELOP- MENT Based upon the approved Master Plan, Precise Plans (General Development Plans) should be developed and implemented to guide the nature and extent of future projects for the follow- ing areas: - The Prado - The Palisades Inspiration Point (Former Naval Hospital Site) The Master P Old Globe, the , the , the Reuben H. Fleet Space Theater and the . Master Plan S~smmary The existing arcades should be reconstructed.

The Illustrative Master Plan is THE WAR MEMORIAL BUILDING shown in Figure 1. It graphi- cally indicates the major land Make necessary rehabilitative use and circulation improve- improvements to the structure, ments. Major improvements in- but do not expand footprint. clude the following: Provide a therapeutic swimming pool. OPEN SPACES WITHIN THE CENTRAL MESA GOLF COURSE CLUBHOUSE Complete the construction of Renovate or reconstruct exist- the Rose Garden. ing clubhouse, but do not in- crease the floor area. Do not Remove the central Prado park- increase seating capacity of ing lot and develop it as a the restaurant. pedestrian plaza. MISCELLANEOUS FACILITY IMPROVE- Restore the central Palisades MENTS area to 1935 Exposition Garden standards. Include a Make needed improvements to pedestrian overpass at Pan the structures, their heating American Way southwest of the and ventilation systems, Organ Pavilion. restrooms, fire suppression systems and provisions for handicapped access as may be HOUSE OF HOSPITALITY AND HOUSE required at the Starlight Bowl, OF CHARM the Centro Cultural de la Raza and the Marston House. Restore these deteriorated buildings. THE PALISADES BUILDINGS PRADO BUILDINGS AND ARCADES Construct a new gymnasium out- side of the Park. Make needed improvements to the structures, their heating - Restore the Palisades Building, and ventilating systems, the Federal Building and the restrooms, fire suppression Balboa Park Club. systems and provisions for handicapped access, as may be Rehabilitate the Municipal Gym- required at the museums, the nasium Building for new use(s). THE HOUSE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS JAPANESE GARDEN Expand the House of Pacific Complete the Japanese Garden in Relations area by 4,000 square Gold Gulch. feet including additional landscaping. GOLDEN HILL Construct a multi-use play THE SPANISH VILLAGE field (Soccer Bowl) on the abandoned 26th Street right- Consider expanding Spanish Vil- of-way. lage to provide additional studio area and food service Provide parking facilities at facilities. A Precise Plan the Soccer Bowl. should be prepared to guide this redevelopment. Add a playground or tot lot. Provide a drop-off and pick-up area north of the Natural His- WATER TANK AREA tory Museum near the Junior Theater. Retain and improve the Centro Cultural de la Raza. Close Village Place at Spanish Village. ~edesignthe entry Remove the other water tank and road. replace it with a new picnic area as an expansion of Pepper Retain the existing service Grove. road between the Zoo and the museums, known as Old Globe Way, for purposes of controlled INSPIRATION POINT emergency and service vehicle access. Redesign and landscape the ex- isting parking lots. Utilize Reroute pedestrian traffic be- the standards set by the City tween the Zoo entry plaza and Landscape Ordinance. the Prado through Spanish Vil- lage. ZOO PARKING LOT These improvements are subject to further definition through Landscape the existing parking the Precise Plan process. lot. Utilize the standards set by the City Landscape Or- dinance. CENTRAL OPERATIONS STATION

Reclaim the existing main- ORGAN PAVILION PARKING STRUC- tenance facility site within TURE the Park as free and open park land. Construct a 1,000 - 1,500 space parking structure on the exist- ing parking lot site concurrent with restoration of the Prado NORTHEAST AREA and Palisades areas as pedestrian-oriented plazas. Complete development of the northeast area of the Park in accordance with a Precise Plan. FLORIDA DRIVE/FLORIDA CANYON Close Florida Drive from just SIGNAGE north of Zoo Place to just south of Zoo Drive/Morley Field Implement a new signage Drive and concurrently imple- program. ment the Florida Canyon Master Plan. SAFETY/SECURITY LIGHTING ZOO PLACE Implement a safety and security lighting program throughout the Widen Zoo Place to four lanes Park. between Florida Drive and Park Boulevard for improved access to the Central Mesa from Persh- INTRA-PARK TRAM ing Drive. Implement an intra-park tram system. GOLDEN .HILL PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE BRIDGE ARIZONA LANDFILL Construct a pedestrian/bicycle bridge over ~ershing rive be- Reclaim the landfill area for tween Golden Hill Mesa and In- Park purposes. spiration Point. (Old Naval Hospital site. )

WATER RECLAMATION FACILITY Consider siting a water reclamation facility within the Park to service the Park.

EIGHTH AVENUE PEDESTRIAN BICYCLE BRIDGE Construct a pedestrian/bicycle bridge on Eighth Avenue over the freeway to the Park at Marston Point.

Conceptual Subarea Master Plans

To help guide the development of future Precise Plans for Balboa Park, the following sec- tion describes and summarizes what the major improvements for each subarea will be. In addi- tion, a graphic representation of each is included. These are preliminary concepts and are not intended to be actual Precise Plans. A PAADO WEST E INSPlRATlON POINT SOUTH H MORLEY FIELD i Figure B PRADQ EAST B SPAW VLLAGE F CENTRAL OPERATIONS STATION ARIZONA LANDFILL C PALbADES G ZOO PARKING LOT Q I GOLDEN HILL D INSPIRATION POINT NORTH FLORIDA CANYON KEY MAP FOR CONCEPTUAL SUBAREA MASTER PLANS EL PRADO WEST Figure 3 The Cabrillo Bridge will carry only eastbound automobile traf- fic, freeing the westbound lane for the intra-park tram, inter-park shuttle, bicycles, and pedestrian use. The direc- tion of travel could be reversed or two way traffic could be allowed if needed to facilitate traffic flow during certain times, such as after theater or during other special events. Automobile parking will be eliminated from the which will become a pedestrian area. Enhanced pavement, plantings, sculptural and/or water features, and ap- propriate and attractive site furnishings will be provided. Buildings along the Prado will be restored or reconstructed, depending on the condition of the structure. Shuttle stops will be provided in the center of the Prado to facilitate access to all in- stitutions.

EL PRaDO EAST AND SPANISH VILmGE Figure 4

A wide promenade will be created to facilitate the movement of pedestrians between the the Zoo entry plaza and the Prado. The promenade will pass directly through Spanish Vil- lage, which will help attract visitors to Spanish Village. Decorative paving, landscape planting, security lighting and attractive site furnishings will enhance the promenade. Village Place will terminate in a cul-de-sac south of Spanish Village. The cul-de-sac will serve as a drop-off area for the Junior Theater, the Casa del Prado and Spanish Village. Enhanced pavement, plantings and site furnishings will be provided.

THE PALISADES The Palisades Building, Federal Figure 5 Building and Balboa Park Club will be renovated and restored. A parking structure will be developed on the Organ Pavilion The Build- parking lot. The top of the ing will also be rehabilitated, parking garage will function as to accommodate new use(s) once a pedestrian use area. Design a new Municipal Gymnasium is of the facility will be subject constructed outside of the of an architectural design com- Park. petition to ensure the widest possible search for a quality design.

A pedestrian promenade will be created on the western side of the parking structure to create a strong pedestrian linkage with the Prado. Consideration should be given to realigning Presidents Way through the Or- gan Pavilion parking structure to further emphasize pedestrian uses along the promenade. Automobile access from the parking structure to the Prado will pass under the promenade.

A drop-off and pick-up area will be created south of the parking structure on the Presi- dents Way alignment. This cul-de-sac may also be used as a shuttle stop. ~utomobileswill be eliminated from the central Palisades Plaza which will be returned to pedestrian use much as it was for the 1935 Exposition. Ap- propriate site furnishings, plantings, architectural focal points , sculpture and/or water elements will be utilized. The House of Pacific Relations will be expanded to increase the square footage by 4,000 square feet.

INSPIRATION POINT NORTH The City storage tank will be Figure 6 removed and the site returned to open park land. The The three historic courtyards playground and tot lot at the from the old hospital complex Pepper Grove picnic area will will be retained and enhanced be upgraded with new play through landscape plantings equipment. and/or architectural features. The landscape architectural A LRT Station will be developed treatment of the courtyards adjacent to Park Boulevard. will serve to increase public This will provide a link~with access and enjoyment of the the intra-park tram and give site. Exceptional views of the visitors convenient access to bay, the Coronado Islands, the major activity areas. downtown, and Point Loma will increase the value of this The southern portion will be reclaimed park land to the returned to open park land. visitor experience. The three retained buildings of the former Naval Hospital will be converted to new uses. The Administration Building will be used for Park and Recreation Department staff offices, the Chapel will be leased to the United Veterans Council. Nego- tiations are now in process to lease the library/auditorium to the San Diego Opera. The large parking lots to the southwest of the site will be retained for public parking. The intra-park tram system will shuttle park users from this parking lot to the main use areas of the Park. The parking lots will be landscaped to con- form to the City Landscape Or- dinance. The Centro Cultural de la Raza will be retained in its exist- ing location, and access will be improved through appropriate landscape design. A new roof and restroom facilities will also be provided.

INSPIRATION POINT SOUTH Figure 7 This area will be landscaped as open park land and will accom- modate passive recreation uses. A pedestrian and bicycle bridge will span Pershing Drive and physically connect Inspiration Point with the Golden Hill area. This area is a potential site for a water reclamation. facility.

CENTR73L OPEMTIONS STATION Figure 8 Relocation of the portion of the Central Operations Station which is within Balboa Park will result in that area being returned to open park land. Pedestrian and bicycle trails will link this area with the Golden Hill recreation area to the east and provide direct ac- cess via the pedestrian bridge over Pershing Drive to Inspira- tion Point and the Central Mesa. Since Pershing Drive is proposed as a major entry to the Park, this site will be highly visible. Colorful plantings will enhance the entry.

FLORIDA

Figure 9 The Zoo parking lot will be landscaped in accordance with the City Landscape Ordinance. Development of the Rose Garden will be completed. The Florida Canyon Master Plan will be implemented. Florida Drive will be terminated north of Zoo Place and south of Zoo Drive/Morley Field Drive and small parking lots constructed. Florida Canyon will retain its native California landscape and be used as a native plant preserve. Support structures will include restrooms and a small botanic building. Walk- ing, hiking, bicycle, and jog- ging trails will be developed throughout the canyon area, connecting the Central Mesa area with Morley Field and the East Mesa area. The stream west of the existing roadway will be restored and landscaped as a natural riparian area. The west side of the Velodrome will be screened to reduce its visibility from the Central Mesa.

MORLEP FIELD Figure 10 The northeast corner of the Park, between 28th Street and Pershing Drive will be landscaped as open park land. Landscape enhancements will consist of turf, trees and groundcover, with picnic areas and pedestrian trails. The former Arizona Landfill will be revegetated with open meadow areas, trees, botanical garden areas, pedestrian walks, picnic areas, a parking lot and a tot lot. A Precise Plan will be needed to guide development on this site.

GOLDEN BILL Figure 11 The Grape Street Park area will be "opened upgu by pruning and thinning the existing plant material allowing views to the area from Grape Street. The existing restroom structure will be relocated to a more visible area. The 2-6thSt. entrance to the Park will be removed, and a soccer bowl developed in the old alignment. 25th Street will be realigned to become a main entrance to the.Park providing a direct connection to Pershing Drive. Pedestrian and bicycle trails will link the area with the former Central Operations Sta- tion.

Master P ements Land Use, Architecture follow the Secretary of the Interior's Standards For and Site Design Rehabilitation. The Balboa Park Master Plan recommends adopting these guidelines as This section will concentrate part of the Historical Element. on general design guidelines These guidelines are as fol- for the structures, streetscape lows: and site design elements of Balboa Park. Further design The Secretary of the Interior's recommendations relative to ex- STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION pansion and specific building (Revised 1983) and site design will be dis- cussed during the Precise Plan The Secretary of the Inte- process. This process is dis- rior is responsible for estab- cussed in the Implementation lishing standards for all section of this Master Plan. programs under Departmental authority and for advising Generally speaking, these federal agencies on the guidelines have been prepared preservation of historic as an aid for achieving a high properties listed, or eligible quality, cohesive design fabric for listing on the National within the .Park. More specifi- Register of Historic Places. In cally, the purpose of these partial fulfillment of this design guidelines is: responsibility, the Secretary of the Interior's standards for To provide the City of San historic preservation projects Diego with the necessary as- have been developed to direct surance that Balboa Park will work undertaken on historic develop in accordance with the buildings. intended quality and charac- ter. "Rehabilitation1'is defined as the process of returning a To provide guidance to en- property to a state of utility, gineers, architects, landscape through repair or alteration, architects, and other profes- which makes possible an effi- sionals. cient contemporary use while preserving those portions and To provide guidance to City features of the property which staff, the Park and Recreation are significant to its his- Board, the Facilities Com- toric, architectural, and cul- mittee and the Balboa Park tural values. Committee relative to design decisions in the Park. Standards for Rehabilitation are: Because the Prado and Palisades areas have been designated Na- 1. Every reasonable effort tional Historic Landmarks and shall be made to provide a are on the National Register of compatible use for a Historic Places, rehabilitation property which requires minimal and new construction should alteration of the building, structurelor site and its ment of missing architectural environmenttor to use a features should be based on ac- property for its originally curate duplications of fea- intended purpose. tures, substantiated by his- toric, physical, or pictorial .. 2. The distinguishing original evidence rather than on conjec- qualities or character of a tural designs or the building, structure, or site availability of different ar- and its environment shall not chitectural elements from other be destroyed. The removal or buildings or structures. alteration of any historic material or distinctive ar- 7. The surface cleaning of chitectural features should be structures shall be undertaken avoided when possible. with the gentlest means pos- sible. Sandblasting and other 3. All buildings, structures, cleaning methods that will and sites shall be recognized damage the historic building as products of their own time. materials shall not be under- Alterations that have no his- taken. torical basis and which seek , to create an earlier ap- 8. Every reasonable effort pearance shall be discouraged. shall be made to protect and preserve archaeological 4. Changes which may have resources affected by, or ad- taken place in the course of jacent to any project. time are evidence of the his- tory and development of a 9. Contemporary design for building, structure, or site alterations and additions to and its environment. These existing properties shall not changes may have acquired sig- be discouraged when such al- nificance in their own right, terations and additions do and this significance shall be not destroy significant his- recognized and respected. torical, architectural or cultural material, and such 5. Distinctive stylistic fea- design is compatible with the tures or examples of skilled size, scale, color, material, craftsmanship which charac- and character of the property, terize a building, structure, neighborhood or environment. or site shall be treated with sensitivity. 10.Wherever possible, new additions or alterations to 6. Deteriorated architectural structures shall be done in features shall be repaired such a manner that if such rather than replaced, additions or alterations were wherever possible. In the to be removed in the future, event replacement is necessary, the essential form and in- the new material should match tegrity of the structure would the material being replaced not be impaired. in composition, design, color, texture, and other visual qualities. Repair or replace- As stated in its definition in Walls and Fences the Historical Element, the All walls and fences shall be term "Rehabilitationw assumes designed to be integrated with that at least some repair or the main building structures by alteration of the historic using the same materials and building will need to take colors. place in order to provide for an efficient contemporary Color use; however these repairs and Break up masses of buildings alterations must not damage or with subtle variations of destroy the materials and fea- color, avoiding high contrasts. tures, including their Use more intense colors for ac- finishes, that are important in cents such as entry points, defining the building's his- recreation structures and im- toric character. portant features. All colors shall be compatible with those In terms of specific project already used in Balboa Park. work, preservation of the Earth tones, terracottas, and building and its historic beiges shall be emphasized. character is based on the assumption that the historic Accessorv Buildinss/Structures materials and features and All accessory structures or their unique craftsmanship are buildings shall be designed to of primary importance and be compatible with the style that they will be and scale of any adjacent retained,protected, and building. repaired in the process of rehabilitation to the greatest extent possible, not STREET FURNITURE removed and replaced with Coordinated site furniture materials and features which should be provided throughout appear to be historic, but the park. These furnishings are new. include benches, signage, drinking fountains, trash con- In addition to the above, the tainers, and bike racks and following guidelines should lockers, planters, also be adhered to. directories/kiosks, bollards, bus stop structures, and tree grates. GUIDELINES Furnishings should not clutter or dominate the setting. Where Mechanical Eaui~ment possible, furnishings should be All air conditioning and grouped to provide relief for mechanical equipment shall be pedestrians, and to introduce screened from view and located human scale. to minimize sound impacts. Drinkinq Fountains Drinking fountains should be provided adjacent to seating areas. Seatins Areas Furniture within an outdoor public space should include a mix of benches and planter edges to provide comfortable seating. Stationary benches and raised planters with seat walls should be approximately 16 inches in height and should be a minimum of 14-inches wide. Optimally, benches should be 30 to 36-inches wide to allow people to sit on both sides of the bench. Trash Enclosures Trash enclosures shall be oriented towards the rear, or low visibility area of any structure or institution. In no case will a trash, storage or service area be unscreened, so as to be visible from a Park street, trail or walkway. These facilities shall be screened with solid walls a maximum of 6 feet in height. Where possible, reduce the visual impact of high wall by using earth berms in combina- tion with the wall. If the trash, storage or serv- ice areas can be viewed from a higher elevation, they must be covered with a solid roof or partially open trellis. Small trash containers should be located adjacent to public seating areas. Access, Circulation PARK BOULEVARD LRT Expansion of the LRT from and Parking Centre City to Mission Valley via Park Boulevard.

REGIONAL CIRCULATION CENTRE CITY HISTORIC TROLLEY THE REGIONAL TRANSIT SYSTEM Construction and extension of A primary objective of the the Centre City Historic Trol- Master Plan is to provide bet- ley to Balboa Park. ter access to the Park, and to provide alternatives to the car as the principal means of PARK BOULEVARD LRT transportation to and within The Metropolitan Transit the Park. This section dis- Development Board (MTDB) has cusses the proposed regional initiated studies to determine transportation network and the physical suitability, capi- identifies opportunities to tal cost and service potential connect the system to Balboa for a Light Rail Transit exten- Park. sion connecting Centre City, and Mission Valley via Balboa BUS ROUTES Park: The four bus routes currently operating within the Park This corridor would provide LRT should continue to operate. service to Balboa Park on Park The several bus stops occurring Boulevard. A number of transit along these routes should stops are shown along Park provide adequate access to the Boulevard located at Inspira- Park. Since walking distances tion Point/Presidents Way, the tend to be long from Park Rose Garden/pedestrian over- Boulevard and Sixth Avenue to pass, and at Zoo Place. See the central park area, the bus Figure 16. stops should be located to provide opportunities for Preliminary studies have con- transferring between the cluded that this alignment proposed shuttle, the trolley presents a workable opportunity and buses. See Figure 16. to extend light rail transit at a reasonable cost. Additional Lisht Rail studies are needed to quantify San Diego's regional Light Rail project benefits in terms of Transit (LRT) system currently ridership and cost effective- provides service to Centre ness, and to determine environ- City, but does not provide mental impacts. service to Balboa Park. A link to the LRT 'should be provided CENTRE CITY HISTORIC TROLLEY within Balboa Park. Two The Centre City Historic Trol- projects are recommended to ley is planned to operate on provide this connection with Fifth Avenue from nnCMStreet to the regional LRT system. They "L" Street and then share the are: Bayside LRT tracks along Harbor Drive to Seaport Village.

Expansion of this system north Fourth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth to Laurel Street would develop Avenues, Twelfth Avenue/Park a direct link between the San Boulevard. Diego Convention center, Centre City hotels, Seaport Village, Demonstration Proiect downtown and Balboa Park. An initial city project to link Potential Historic Trolley San Diego Bay with Balboa Park routes are shown in Figure 16. will be comprised of Broadway as the east/west link and Fifth AMTRAK/Commuter Rail and Sixth Avenues acting as a couplet in the north/south In addition to the LRT system, direction. Design improvements Centre City is served by the will be made in those portions AMTRAK system. Taxis, the LRT of the links not currently system, and buses provide con- enhanced - between Fifth and nections to the Park for AMTRAK Sixth Avenues north of Broadway passengers. and the Park. Later phases of the Bay-Park Link project will THE SAN DIEGO BAY - BALBOA PARK select a demonstration project LINK to implement another portion of The relationship between San the link. Diego Bay, Centre City and Bal- boa Park is unique among Each street will be a a9Cross- American cities. The Park con- Town Link" providing enhanced nects the highest and most pedestrian, bicycle and vehicle prominent point in the city flow through the downtown and with the downtown skyline. A to areas outside Centre City. grid pattern of streets was im- Each street will provide the posed on the landscape, accen- opportunity for a direct physi- tuating the sense of cal and visual connection to topographic change in the the water's edge and will con- downtown area and providing nect with major activity ten- dramatic axial views to the ters. Both Fifth and Sixth water and the Park (see figure Avenues provide multi-modal 12). transportation including automobile, bus and pedestrian The San Diego Bay - Balboa Park opportunities. The proposed Link project will establish a Centre City Historic Trolley well defined connection between could also operate on Fifth the waterfront, Centre City and and/or Sixth Avenues connecting the Park. The link between the the Park with the waterfront. bay and the Park will be made in both a westerly and southerly direction. The east/west links will include: Laurel Street, Cedar Street, Hawthorn and Grape Streets, Ash Street, C Street, Broadway, Market Street and G Street. The north/south links will be: LOCAL AND INTERMAE PARK The trail system in Balboa Park CIRCULATION is designed to provide access to naturalized areas of the Park and to more efficiently PEDESTRIAN ACCESS utilize areas that are - It is intended that Balboa Park restricted to general recrea- become more pedestrian tional activity. oriented. .Conflicts between automobiles and pedestrians The trail system is also should be minimized. Accord- designed to connect the east ingly, one will be able to walk and west areas of the Park. from the Zoo to the Aerospace The conceptual trail system is Historical Center without shown on Figure 14. crossing a street. In addi- tion, a large trail system is BICYCLE ROUTES proposed throughout the Park Since most of the trips made to tying into the central core of the Park are recreational in the Park. Figure 14 indicates nature, greater use of bicycles the proposed pedestrian network should be accommodated to in the Park. enhance the overall recrea- tional experience. Figure 15

illustrates a bicycle system ., DISABLED PERSONS ACCESS that serves the surrounding All facilities within the Park population areas, Uptown, North shall be accessible to the dis- Park, Golden Hill, and Centre abled. Not every museum or City. facility will be able to have a drop-off area immediately in In support of increasing front of it, however, drop-off bicycle access to the Park, areas will be provided in the bicycle lockers should be general vicinity. The paths provided. Lockers should be between the facilities and the located in the highly used and drop-off areas will be regu- visible areas of the Park. lated by the State Title 24, Disabled Persons Act. Ramps EQUESTRIAN TRAILS will be provided at appropriate The appropriateness and locations throughout the Park. feasibility of developing an equestrian trail system within Balboa Park was analyzed. RECREATIONAL TRAILS While equestrian trails exist Recreational trails differ from in some major parks, they are the defined pedestrian system essentially limited in scope in that trails are less struc- with the exception of Griffith tured than the classic Park in Los Angeles, which does pedestrian plaza, sidewalk or have sufficient acreage to ac- street. Trails may be shared commodate equestrian ac- by walkers, joggers and tivities. In Golden Gate Park; bicyclists. for example, horseback riding is permitted through guided tours in the undeveloped por- tion of the park.

Four potential sites for horse It is concluded that providing trails in Balboa Park were con- for active public equestrian sidered: activity is not desirable due to.therelatively short length 1. The jogging path adjacent of any one potential trail, the to SR-163, the Scout area and terrain and the proximity of the Marston addition to the potential trails to major Park. streets. In addition, because of the relatively narrow range 2. The area generally east of in terms of mileage, the Park Boulevard, south of Morley equestrian experience of the Field Drive and west of Florida horseback rider would be very Drive. limited and thus not provide a large enough base for a stable 3. The area generally east of concession to be successful in Florida Drive, north of Persh- the Park. The question of ing Drive and west of Morley equestrian trails should remain Field. open for reconsideration how- ever, should an entrepreneur 4. A combination of areas 2 develop a proposal which could and 3. provide for such activity without the need for public In evaluating these candidate funds and with the appropriate areas, the design team con- level of public liability in- sidered: surance protection. 1) Space requirements; VEHICULAR ACCESS The main vehicular entry into 2) Accessibility to the the.Park is intended to be area by autos and Pershing Drive. Traffic des- pedestrians; tined for the core of the Park and the Zoo would take the 3) Compatibility of horse Pershing Drive offramp, drive trails with other uses of north on Florida Drive and Zoo the Park; Place to Park Boulevard. Other major entries would be at the 4) Lack of conflict between north and south ends of Park horses and pedestrians and Boulevard, Laurel Street and automobiles; the new 25th Street entry., (See figure 13.) 5) Location of horse trails away from roadways and SERVICE. DELIVERY AND EMERGENCY pedestrian paths. ACCESS In addition to the public 6) Potential health hazards street system within the Park, service and emergency vehicles While the areas evaluated are will be able to utilize certain currently undeveloped, they are pedestrian malls and plazas for planned for future improve- access. Removable bollards, ments. much like the ones currently used in the east Prado area, will keep the local traffic off If transit ridership to the of the service and emergency Park doubles, however, the access routes. Figure 13 iden- overall demand for parking in tifies these routes. the Year 2000 would be reduced by -500 spaces. PARKING SUPPLY AND DEMAND The City Planning Department IMPLICATIONS and its consultant, Wilbur One basic finding was that Smith Associates is currently parking demand in the Park can preparing a Parking Management be broken into four distinct Program for Centre City and periods, each with its own in- Balboa Park. In Phases I and plications for parking needs. 11 of that study, existing and The absolute peak in parking expected parking conditions in demand occurs during holiday Balboa Park were analyzed. The weekends. Typical weekends following findings are of key represent the next highest interest. peak, showing strong seasonal variation. Weekday peak Parking demand in the Park can demands are relatively low com- be divided into four periods: pared to typical or holiday weekends except on the first - Weekday, daytime Tuesday of each month when ad- - Weekday, nighttime mission to the museums is free. - Typical weekend Nighttime demands are not - Holiday weekend nearly as high as daytime periods, but questions of ac- Parking supply in Balboa Park cess and safety are much more is inadequate to meet peak relevant at night than during daytime demand on holiday the day. weekends. See figure 27 for the existing parking supply The parking management plan within Balboa Park. takes into account the four major demand periods ex- For nighttime activities in the perienced in the Park. Park, safety concerns and ac- cess difficulties have lead to A second major finding was that extremely high utilization of the the current spatial spaces near attractions, and utilization of parking spaces extremely low utilization at is poor. Temporary remote other spaces. parking at the Arizona Landfill site is more than a mile from For Balboa Park, a total of the central mesa area. It was 8,500 parking spaces heavily utilized during the (approximately 1,000 spaces Zoo's Panda promotion. A tram more than current central mesa service to the Zoo was also parking supply) will be needed provided. At the same time, to meet the Year 2000 peak the Inspiration Point parking demands if current transporta- lots remain almost empty on tion trends to the Park do not holiday weekends. At night, a change. few surface lots in a few central locations are heavily utilized, while many facilities Encourage greater utilization in the central area remain of transit as a way of reduc- practically empty. ing future parking demand. The proposed parking management Accommodate the eventual plan addresses spatial utiliza- reclamation of the Prado and tion problems by introducing an Pan American plaza areas as intra-park tram system, and by pedestrian plazas, and the addressing nighttime security reclamation of the Arizona concerns. Landfill site as open space. Finally, three factors in the future would significantly im- Accommodate the expected pact parking in Balboa Park. growth in Park attendance and the increase in parking demand The first is growth in annual in the future. attendance. By the Year 2000, attendance is expected to in- The Balboa Park Parking Manage- crease by over 20%, and parking ment Plan includes six demand would also increase. proposals. These include:

Second, since this Master Plan 1. Provide intra-park tram proposes that several key park- service. ing areas within the Park be reclaimed as park area, the 2. Improve security in parking lost must either be re- central mesa parking placed or otherwise mitigated. areas and walkways, espe- cially at night. Third, the proposed extension of the LRT through the Park 3. Institute reserved would provide a viable, non- employee parking lots auto mode of travel to the which are currently Park. poorly utilized.

4. Improve signage within OBJECTIVES and outside of the park. The parking management plan should meet the objectives 5. Implement low power radio defined below: station in the park. Meet the parking needs for Include information on each of the four main parking parking and tram service. demand periods with a maximum of efficiency and minimum Provide freeway signage cost. identifying frequency of station. Emphasize full utilization of existing parking spaces before 6. Long term parking objec- expensive structured spaces tives. are considered. Build a parking structure Maximum Ten Minute Headwavs at the Organ Pavilion to While the easy parking at the replace lost spaces. Inspiration Point site should serve as an incentive to use Reduce overall parking the lot, frequent tram runs demand to Park by promot- must be provided to ensure the ing transit to the Park. lot is well used. Utilize off-site parking. Sisnase Im~rovements Provisions for tram service should be accompanied by im- PmRA-PARK SHUTTLE provements to signage in the The Inspiration Point surface Park. The signage system lots are, in general, very should be flexible, allowing poorly utilized. The poor Park staff to direct visitors utilization during peak weekend to certain lots as parking in periods is partly because the the Central Mesa fills up. lots are perceived to be out of This approach was effective for walking range of destinations the Zoo. During the Panda ex- in the Prado area (the distance hibit visitors were directed to is actually less than one-half overflow parking as the Zoo lot mile). A shuttle service be- reached capacity. tween the lots and attractions in the Central Mesa area, in- R.V. and Tour Bus Parkinq cluding the Zoo, should be es- R.V.'s and tour buses are most tablished to meet peak weekend prevalent during summer demands. weekends, and take up an inor- dinate amount of parking space. At night, problems of poor special R.V. and bus parking utilization of existing parking should be established in the facilities is also apparent. Inspiration Point site to At both the Inspiration Point remove these large vehicles and Zoo parking lots, less than from congested streets and five percent of the total parking areas within the spaces are occupied during the Central Mesa. evening peak hours. Walking distance is a factor in the Arizona Landfill Site poor utilization of these park- According to demand estimates, ing lots during evenings in the the Inspiration Point lots park. The Zoo parking lot could accommodate spillover should be included in the tram demands from both the Central system at night to encourage Mesa and the Zoo during peak the utilization of the Zoo lot summer weekends. The proposed by visitors to nighttime at- tram system should include the tractions in the northern end Zoo, so that the use of the of the Central Mesa area. Arizona Landfill site can be phased out and eventually The service should be estab- reclaimed. lished (see figure 16 for routes), with the following considerations in mind:

SECURITY Master schedulins of the Tram Security at parking areas, and more security wards especially at night,is a major Even more so than during the concern. Incidents of auto daytime, activity during eve- burglary or muggings, reduce ning hours in the Park varies. the attractiveness of parking The expected level of atten- in areas such as the Inspira- dance at scheduled activities, tion Point or the Zoo parking the number of attractions ac- lot. Security is a concern tually open, and the night of both in the parking lots and on the week on which activities major walkways between occur all affect the number of nighttime attractions and park- nighttime visitors. Addi- ing areas. The intra-park tram tional security personnel service will partially address patrolling parking areas and security concerns on walkways walkways should be scheduled between parking areas and on evenings when activity in nighttime attractions by the Park is expected to be providing a safe, non-walking heavy. Routing and scheduling alternative. Additionally, the of the intra-park tram service following measures should be should also be coordinated considered: with scheduled activities. Security Personnel Valet parkinq Additional security personnel Especially at night, the should be scheduled for problem of security in remote nighttimes, especially during parking areas could be ad- the summer when nighttime ac- dressed by implementing more tivity in the Park is valet parking, whereby heaviest. Security personnel visitors drive directly to the should be focused on parking Park attraction and cars are areas and walkways between parked in a remote lot by major Park attractions and valets. This would also allow parking areas. stacked parking in designated sections of parking areas, ef- Liqhtinq fectively increasing the Currently, many of the major available parking capacity. pedestrian paths between major nighttime attractions and parking areas are poorly lit. RESERVED EMPLOYEE PARKING This serves as a disincentive In the 1982 I8Balboa Park to park at certain parking Visitor Studyw, it was reported

areas at night, and increases ' that approximately 1,200 the demand for parking spaces employees and volunteers are near the attractions. Light- present in the Park on a daily ing in parking facilities and basis, most of whom work in the along pedestrian paths should Central Mesa area. While sig- be improved to eliminate this nage improvements and the problem. intra-park tram should improve utilization of remote parking areas, parking spaces in some poorly utilized lots should be reserved for Park employees and Freeway sianacre volunteers. By reducing the Signs should be'placed on amount of long-term employee major freeway approaches parking in parking areas to the Park, telling Park nearest the Park attractions, visitors in advance of more convenient spaces will be the Park of the radio available to accommodate station and its broadcast visitor parking demands. frequency.

GIGNAGE LONG WOE PARKING STRATEGIEB Specific recommendations per- The following measures are more taining to signage will benefit long range strategies. the parking and circulation element of Balboa Park. These Oraan Pavilion Structure recommendations are discussed The Organ Pavilion structure in the Signage Element of this should-be phased to replace Master Plan. parking spaces lost in the reclamation of parking areas in LOW POWER RADIO STATION the Pan American Plaza and To inform park visitors about Plaza de Panama for pedestrian current events and conditions uses. In scheduling construc- in the Park, a small radio sys- tion of the structure, the fol- tem is recommended for inclu- lowing considerations should be sion the park. Such a system kept in mind: could supplement a signage sys- -tem for informing visitors Construction should occur about parking and circulation during the winter and spring conditions. The Park should months, when Park attendance establish a radio station and is likely to be low and the include the following features impact of losing some or all for improving parking: of the Organ Pavilion surface lot would be the smallest. Re~ortparkins conditions The radio station should During construction, the tram- include regular, up-to- system should be made avail- the-minute reports on able to mitigate the impact of parking conditions. Loca- the temporary loss of the Or- tions of overflow lots gan Pavilion surface spaces. like Inspiration Point the availability of parking in the Central Mesa, and ran sit to the Park other special information By the Year 2000, the Park on parking should be should be linked in the LRT broadcast regularly, along system with rail line along with reports on special Park Boulevard from Centre City activities in the Park. to Jack Murphy Stadium. Every effort should be made to promote transit ridership to the Park'when this improvement is made. In planning for the trolley extensions, the follow- area for such a facility would ing considerations should be be near the new Civic Center, kept in mind: to be located at 12th Avenue and Broadway. A joint use Residents of San Diego are far structure at this site should more likely to ride transit to be considered to accommodate the Park if they know that it weekend parking demands in the is reliable, convenient, safe, Park. Adequate shuttle con- and runs enough hours of the nector service must be ar- day and with headways short ranged. enough to make it competitive with the automobile as a mode of travel to the Park. Promo- tions should be made among regular transit commuters to Centre City, who are the most likely market for trolley service to the Park on weekends when the lines are extended to the Park. For trolleys and other transit to the Park, special efforts must be made to ensure that service is adequate to en- courage weekend travel to the Park. Currently most transit planing is oriented to meeting weekday commute hours, and weekend service is often in- adequate. To improve overall transit ridership above the current five percent, real im- provements in weekend service must be made. Lons Ranse Parkins Needs. Every effort should be made to reduce future parking demand by encouraging transit to the Park. At the same time, atten- dance in the Park is expected to grow and more spaces may be ,needed in the future. If new parking facilities are required in the future, the following should be considered: A joint use parking structure should be considered with Centre City. A likely staging Historic Preservation , El Cid Statue, Alcazar Garden, Balboa Park Club, Conference Building and restroom, Ford Building (Aerospace Museum), EXISTING LOCAL AND NATIONAL Ford/Starlight Bowl, Federal HISTORIC DESIGNATION STATUS Building, Hall of Nations, The Historical Site Board House of Pacific Relations, designated the El Prado Area Municipal Gymnasium, Palisades of Balboa Park as City Histori- Building, Spanish Village, cal Site Number 1 on September United Nations Building, and 7, 1967. The California . The Natural His- Quadrangle of the El Prado area tory Museum, the San Diego was placed on the National Museum of Art,the Merry-go- Register of Historic Places in round Carousel), and the Minia- May 1974, and the entire El ture Train are also contribut- Prado complex was placed on ing structuresand elements. the Register in December 1976. In February 1978, the sites of In addition, the potential ex- the 1915 and 1935 Expositions, ists for other structures and were granted National Historic sites to be designated National Landmark (NHL) status. Historic Landmarks or Local Historic Resources. AMENDMENTS TO EXISTING STATUS On July 27, 1988, the Historic THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HIS- Site Board amended the local TORIC PLACES historic site and National His- toric Landmark designations to The National Register of His- make them coterminous and to toric Places, administered by add additional contributing the Keeper of the Register, elements. See the boundaries on U.S. Department of the Inte- figure 17. rior, Washington D.C., is the nation's official list of cul- contributing structures to tural resources worthy of both the local San Diego and preservation. The Register is ~ationaldesignations are a catalog of American culture, those structures which were the tangible remains of our erected for the Panama- heritage. It is also an ~aliforniaInternational Ex- authoritative guide for position of 1915-1916 and federal, state, and local the California Pacific Inter- governments, and for citizens national Exposition of 1935- groups interested in protect- 1936. They are the: ing and enhancing these ir- replaceable elements of our Administration Building, cultural environment. Botanical Building, Cabrillo

Bridge and Guard Houses, Casa ' Properties listed in the Na- de Balboa (reconstruction), tional Register are eligible Casa del Prado(reconstruc- for a variety of benefits in- tion) , House cluding grants, loans, tax of Hospitality, Museum of Man, relief, and legal protection. ings, arcades, plazas, Some of the programs are landscape horticultural specifically intended for cul- elements, as well as the turally significant properties, other building and site while others benefit them in- features which directly. contribute to the local significance and the Na- Federal laws such as the Na- tional Historic .Landmark tional Historic Preservation status of the Park. Act and the National Environ- mental Policy Act, and state Rehabilitation and new laws such as the ~alifornia construction should Environmental Quality Act respect the historical provide protection for architectural character properties on, or eligible for, of the historic struc- placement on the National tures and site features Register. in the Park. These Acts ensure that projects that threaten a Na- tional Register property with demolition or serious altera- tion must undergo careful review by citizens and agencies such as the Office of His- toric Preservation. Registra- tion otherwise does not affect the use, maintenance or sale of any property listed in the Na- tional Register.

HISTORICAL SITE BOARD ACTION PERTAINING TO THE BALBOA PARK MASTER P The Historical Site Board, on June 22, 1988, gave unanimous approval to recommend to the Park and Recreation Board and to the City Council the inclu- sion of an historic preserva- tion element and that the fol- lowing policy statements be in- corporated and adopted as part of the Balboa Park Master Plan:

To preserve, maintain and enhance the 1915 and 1935 Exposition build- Safety and Security There is inadequate access for the elderly and disabled per- sons to the central core area of the Park. The safety of the Park user is an issue of vital concern to GUIDELINES the public. Often the publicfs opinion that a park is safe is Provide a greater perceived based on the perception rather presence of security personnel. than reality. Park Management, on the other hand, is concerned Provide staffed "securityw that the Park be as secure as booths in parking structures. possible and that the safety of the public never be in doubt. Provide a greater presence of equestrian police patrols in As part of 'the User Surveys canyons. conducted by the Parks and Recreation Dept. during the Implement a Park Ranger program summer of 1988, several ques- to monitor Park usage, give in- tions were asked regarding the formation and assistance and be safety and security of Balboa visible. Park. The following observa- tions indicate the public's Provide adequate security in feeling about Balboa Park: parking structures. The park is too dark and un- Priority should be given to safe at night. lighting of parking lots, streets, buildings, and Parking lots are susceptible facilities and remote Park to car break-ins and theft. areas. There is inadequate police Provide drop-off and loading surveillance. areas for the elderly and hand- icapped throughout the Park. Drug dealing is prevalent in some areas of the Park. Provide access for emergency vehicles, service vehicles and The homeless are a concern. delivery vehicles. Emergency services and Infor- Locate the police storefront on mation Centers are limited and the Prado. hard to find. Provide emergency assistance in Vegetation is overgrown and remote areas of the Park and reduces visibility in some outlying parking lots. Perhaps areas. installing call boxes or pay phones. Develop a restroom security plan. Consider closing restrooms between 11:OO p.m. and 7:00 a.m. Provide information areas (kiosks) where the public can receive assistance and obtain maps, etc. Design and maintain landscape areas for high visibility and low density, especially within canyons and along pedestrian walkways. subjected to environmental stress making them easy victims of disease and insects. Each year a number of trees in The most recent horticultural well cultivated areas are lost element for the Park was due to old age or weather re- prepared by Harland Bartholomew lated damage. Compared to the and Associates in 1960 as part total tree inventory, these of the Balboa Park Master Plan. ers are not large, but re- The extension of the existing placement of lost trees is es- naturalistic Park appearance sential to avoid large scale throughout Balboa Park was the cumulative deterioration of the overriding theme which governed Park forest. the preparation of that hor- ticultural plan. The Park has A more subtle but potentially continued to follow the basic more critical problem lies in guidelines established by that Balboa Park's "skyline treesw, plan. That plan, however, did Eucalyptus cladocalyx. This not specify exact locations of species is the primary com- plant materials, only general ponent of the very tall tree planting philosophies. As a groves that have the greatest result, maintenance personnel visual impact. Unfortunately, have planted species throughout this tree is both brittle and the Park with no apparent logic shallow rooted. It tends to in mind. Some exceptions were drop relatively large numbers the Australian area and Palm of branches and frequently Canyon. The basic design prin- topples over when it reaches ciples established by that maturity. As these trees are plan, however, are still valid. lost or removed, they must be replaced by other species Balboa Park currently contains capable of filling the same a wide variety of trees, landscape role. Species with shrubs, groundcover and other this potential include Eucalyp- herbaceous plant materials. Of tus diversicolor, Eucalyptus these, trees are considered to gomphocephala, Eucalyptus be the most critical based on citriodora and Eucalyptus replacement cost, length of camaldulensis. time required to reach maturity and contribution to the Park environment. While the Balboa Park forests are not in danger of being lost, some significant problems exist. Budgetary constraints following Proposition 13 reduced main- tenance levels in peripheral Park areas and canyons. The groves in the Golden Hill addi- tion and other areas have been GUIDELINES o Landscaping should enhance major 'natural site elements through the careful use of o Palms should continue to be flower and leaf color and tex- utilized throughout the Park to ture, plant foms and plant accent certain features and to masses. act as focal points. s A simplified palette sf -- o As Eucalyptus skyline trees plant materials which maintains die or are removed, they should the Parkus theme should be be replaced with other used. Visual confusion due to uskylinetotrees. the use of many unrelated plant varieties should.be avoided. o Planting species in groves Broad plant masses and csnsis- as opposed to individual tency of landscape character specimens should continue to be should be employed to avoid emphasized. This helps create complex plant mixtures. a park character and spatial - identity. o Landscaping should be designed in a manner which ef- o Several areas of the Park fectively enhances existing should remain in a largely na- views or provides new view cor- - tive state, Florida Canyon, ridor opportunities into open the northern slopes of Switzer space corridors, major land Canyon and the Marston Hills forms or views of Centre City addition. The native chaparral and the Bay. should be preserved for hor- ticultural and botanical inter- o Effective screening of park- ests. ing areas, utility enclosures, utility cabinets, service o As much lawn area as pos- areas, or service corridors sible, should be utilized for shall be provided. recreational uses in the free and open park areas. o All areas within the Park not covered with buildings, o The thinning and removal of paving, or native or domestic overgrown, diseased, over-aged plant materials will be and volunteer trees and shrubs landscaped with varying com- should be undertaken. binations of groundcover, mulches, shrubs and/or trees. o Shrub plantings should be Landscaped areas may include minimized and be limited unplanted improvements such as primarily to areas where foun- rock groupings, sculptures, dation planting or low screens decorative paving and benches. are required. o Grouped masses sf plant o Tree, grass, and ground materials will be designed to cover planting should be the complement architectural eleva- dominant landscape materials tions and roof lines through used. color, texture, density and areas, the Balboa Park Master form on both the vertical and Plan recommends following the horizontal planes. planting themes specified below. o Plant materials known to have invasive or destructive TING THEMES root systems should be avoided. Most of these concepts have Similarly, plants known to be been previously used. .However, messy or have brittle limbs they should sene as a general should also be avoided. framework for planting guidelines. o The spacing of the plant material should be commensurate with anticipated mature growth in order to promote natural forms without the need for ex- cessive pruning and maintenance in the future. o All plant materials should be of a type known to have been successful in the area or in similar climatic and soil con- ditions.

CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLAN A conceptual landscape plan was prepared for the Park and is illustrated on figure 18. The major categories include: - Major parkway planting - Enhanced parking lot planting - Entry planting - Natural areas - Grove areas - Pedestrian plaza planting - Turf and tree areas The plan is somewhat general. Rather than identifying specific plants for specific

6th avenue Mesa

Tree Planting Theme : Conifers and deciduous trees Other Significant Groups: Evergreen Oaks Eucalyptus Ficus Palms Magnolias Long Term Goals: 1. Replace eucalyptus with individuals from theme species. 2. Add groups of conifers of unusual species. 3. Upgrade flowering peach tree plantings. 4. Expand deciduous tree groves

Central area

Tree Planting Theme: Semitropical, concentrating on palms, ficus and broadleaf evergreens Other Significant Groups: Eucalyptus Pines Deciduous species Long Term Goals:

1. Replace eucalyptus with theme species. 2. Upgrade Palm Canyon, Shade (Zoro) Garden, Australian section and Desert Garden.

Florida Canyon Tree Planting Theme: California natives, with the em- phasis on indigenous species. Other Significant Groups: None Long Term Goals:

1. Develop according to Florida Canyon Master Plan. 2. Actively remove non-native vegetation where possible and/or practical. i East Mesa Tree Planting Theme: Australian (Melaleuca and.eucalyp- tus) and oak species c: Other significant Groups: Deciduous trees Broadleaf evergreens Palms Long Term Goals: 1. Plant additional areas. 2. Introduce flowering trees. 3. Expand deciduous tree groves.

Golden Hill Tree planting Theme: Mediterranean and Australian with mixed species Long Term Goals: 1. Upgrade planted area. 2. Introduce flowering trees, e.g. Acacia 3. Expand deciduous tree groves.

arkt ton Grounds Tree Planting Theme: English garden Native Oaks and specimen trees Long Term Goals: Maintain existing character HORTICULTURAL MAINTENANCE Trees and shrubs with high The two primary elements in an maintenance requirements in adequate horticultural main- terms of pruning, pest control tenance program are qualified, and fertilization should be professional staff and adequate avoided. resources to support the re- quired activities. Organiza- An urban forest management plan tional changes affecting Balboa should be undertaken. It Park staffing during Fiscal should consider unforeseen Year 1988-89 have resulted in losses due to storms and other an emphasis on horticultural natural forces and reforesta- maintenance needs. These tion needs based on estimates changes include the addition of of tree longevity. a professional Horticulturist to guide maintenance operations Unforeseen losses should be re- and the reorganization of Park placed by the same or equiv- and Recreation Department Dis- alent species as losses occur. tricts to facilitate program Approximately 250-300 trees continuity. The continuation have been planted in Balboa of these organization features Park during fiscal year 1989. will ensure that accepted hor- This is sufficient to replace ticultural practices will be losses incurred in recent adhered to in future main- storms. An annual tree re- tenance programs. placement program of this mag- nitude should be continued. Allocation of municipal resources for park maintenance A reforestation program based and improvements remains rela- on estimated longevity of tively limited. To minimize species is more difficult to the impact of fiscal con- conduct. The necessity for straints, it is important to such a program is based upon consider maintenance require- the assumption that a very ments when designing or con- large percentages of the forest structing new landscapes. will die within a relatively short time frame. Since the tree groves ,in Balboa Park are GUIDELINES composed of a wide variety of species planted at intervals All irrigation systems should over a long period of time, it be fully automated and should is unlikely that a major loss be of the proper type for the of tree cover will occur within plants being installed. the areas that are staffed to receive an adequate level of Plant species should be maintenance. Additional losses selected based on an ability to of trees in canyons and adapt to San Diegofs climate peripheral areas may be an- and to Balboa Parkf s shallow ticipated particularly in years soils. with less than average rain-. fall. An exception to this general rule is the necessary replace- ment of Eucalyptus cladocalyx, the previously mentioned Balboa Park "skylinew tree. Steps should be taken to obtain and grow a suitable replacement. The other significant problem within the Park8s tree groves exists within the dense stands of Eucalyptus trees planted around the Park early this cen- tury. Many of these groves were heavily over-planted and never thinned. Stress created by the intense competition for water and nutrients has weakened many of these trees rending them susceptible to disease and pest invasion. Eucalyptus borer infestations have appeared in several loca- tions within Balboa Park. A program to remove a substantial number of these trees is needed to promote the health of the general population. WATER REC TION Reliance on imported water in Balboa Park has caused finan- cial as well as operational problems. A proposal made by the City of San Diego Water Utilities Department to build a water reclamation facility in the Park to senrice the Park8s irrigation needs is currently under consideration. A study is being prepared to select a location and to determine which type of reclamation facility should be built. If the facility is built, it should follow the design stan- dards discussed in this Master Plan and be subject to the Precise Plan process. Lighting Lights shall be of unbreakable plastic or otherwise designed to reduce the problems as- sociated with damage and re- placement of fixtures. Fix- Lighting in Balboa Park shall tures shall be vandalproof, yet be utilized for security and should not look institutional. aesthetic reasons. Aesthetic lighting shall be utilized to Neon and similar types of highlight certain architectural lighting are prohibited in all or landscape features such as areas of Balboa Park. the California Tower, foun- tains, specimen trees or Proper lighting helps to define sculptural elements. the organization of streets, walkways, malls and parking Security lighting shall be areas. Entry areas (both heavily used in pedestrian pedestrian and vehicular) shall malls, particularly those link- be creatively lit to develop a ing the central Prado with sur- sense of place and arrival. rounding parking areas. Figure 19 illustrates where these All exterior lighting designs areas are located. shall address the issue of security. Parking lots, pedestrian walkways, and museum and other facility entrances GUIDELINES shall be well lit. The entire Balboa Park area All exterior lights should be shall have uniform lighting shielded where feasible and standards with regard to style, focused to minimize spill light materials, and colors. into the night sky or adjacent areas. Lighting fixtures shall be well integrated into the visual en- No freestanding lighting fix- vironment and the appropriate tures shall exceed 25 feet in architectural theme. height. In no case shall over- wash occur beyond the Park All outdoor lighting, including boundary. spotlights, floodlights, electrical reflectors and other Entry monuments should be il- means of illumination for luminated externally and should signs, structures, landscaping, be consistent with the.Balboa parking, loading, unloading and Park Master Plan design theme. similar areas shall be focused, Glare from external light directed, and arranged to sources should be controlled prevent glare and illumination and lighting sources concealed. on streets or surrounding areas; low intensity, energy All electrical meter pedestals conserving lighting is and light switch/control equip- preferred. ment shall be located with min-. imum public visibility or shall

be screened with appropriate 'plant materials, walls, and/or fencing. All service or loading area l'ighting shall be entirely con- tained within the service and loading area yard boundaries and walls. Service and loading area lighting shall not be visible from the public street and no light spillover should occur outside the service or loading area. All building illumination,and architectural lighting shall be indirect in character with no visible light sources or fix- tures. Indirect building wall lighting or "wall washingw using overhead down lighting enclosed in building fascia, or overheads is encouraged. Architectural lighting should attempt to articulate or animate a particular building design as well as provide the. required functional lighting requirements for safety and ef- ficiency of pedestrian move- ment. Pedestrian lighting for secon- dary areas such as pedestrian walkways should clearly iden- tify the pedestrian walkway. High priority should be given to preparation of a comprehen- sive lighting plan for all of Balboa Park. Over the years, signage and graphics have remained rela- tively unregulated in Balboa Park, resulting in either no signage or a variety of graphic styles. Because the character of the Park is so dependent on the built physical environment, a sense of cohesiveness and logic throughout Balboa Park relative to signage and graphics should be provided. Within the Central Mesa, sig- nage is adequate in terms of directing visitors to final destinations. However, signage on the fringes of the Central Mesa and immediately outside the Park is in many cases ob- solete, contradictory, and con- fusing. At the same time, the signage system is not flexible enough to accommodate the unique requirements of the four main parking demand periods: weekdays, typical weekends, holiday weekends, and nights. Pedestrian Kiosk Siqnaqe Inventory Existing signage should be in- ventoried, with the number, type and location of all signs cataloged. An inventory is the first, necessary step in designing an effective signage system for the Park. Obsolete The graphic examples il- signs should be removed and lustrated on the side column contradictory or confusing are an indication of the style, signs changed. character and size of the sig- nage and graphics that will be described in the signage manual. GUIDELINES The signage system should be flexible enough to accommodate the different parking demand periods in the Park by direct- ing visitors to fringe parking areas when lots within the Central Mesa get full. A detailed and comprehensive signage manual should be prepared and used to regulate signage and graphics. The Park and Recreation Board, through its subcommittees, shall be responsible to certify compliance with the sign manual. In addition, signs proposed within the Historical Monument area shall be approved by the Historic Site Board. All external institutions and concessionaire signs shall be subject to these guidelines. Temporary signs are limited to the areas shown on figure 20. All specific institution, con- cessionaire or special interest signs shall be limited to pedestrian Kiosks, directional signs. building monument signs, or wall mounted building signs. ~llautomobile oriented signs Auto ~rifficSigning shall be "genericw in nature. No specific institution name will be allowed, with the ex- ception of the . All signs in Balboa park should be consistent in terms of scale, color, design, and let- tering. The signs should be distinctive, and match with the image, architecture, and layout o,fthe Park.

Information Kiosk Consideration should be given to a centrally located informa- tion kiosk should be located to provide information on what is happening in the Park on any given day. The information kiosk could replace or work in conjunction with the current information center located in the House of Hospitality. The new kiosk could be staffed by volunteers as the current one is. "You are Herew Maps Several permanent map displays should be located in key areas which clearly show where all facilities (including water fountains and rest rooms) are located. These should be high quality relief maps or models. They could also have changing displays to show where special Pedestrian Directional functions are located in the Park. Brochures and handouts should be made available at the permanent map displays.

A map of jogging trails, walk- ing trails, and race routes (sanctioned race routes) should be prepared and distributed. High priority should be given to development of a comprehen- sive signage program for all of Balboa Park. Pedestrian Kiosk Banner Standard

Master P ementation exterior building expansion and Precise Plans reconstruction; establish ar- chitectural principles neces- sary to preserve the unique character of the historic areas; and will establish criteria to mitigate new cir- The purpose of the Precise culation and parking impacts Plans will be to initiate a created by proposed reconstruc- process to achieve specific im- tion and expansion of provement, maintenance and im- facilities. plementation programs for well defined areas within the Park. The following is a detailed The Precise Plans will support outline of the Design Guideline the overall goals and policies development program. of this Balboa Park Master

Plan. ' The Precise Plan process will Document the spatial relation- address the opportunities and ship between buildings, plazas issues unique to each Precise and open spaces. Plan area. The Precise Plan process will also ensure com- Topographic analysis: identify munity involvement and par- changes in elevation, relation- ticipation. ship between buildings, plazas, and open spaces. Desiqn Guidelines Visual analysis: identify im- One product of the Precise portant views and vistas, Plans will be the preparation visual hierarchy of buildings, of design guidelines. The plazas, and landscape design guidelines will be materials. prepared to guide rehabilita- tion, reconstruction and poten- Document the existing use of tial expansion of facilities plant and landscape materials. within the Park. Identify the type and level of These guidelines will focus on use of buildings, plazas, and the Palisades and Prado areas open spaces. and will apply to all desig- nated national and local his- toric structures and places. The purpose of the design guidelines will be to establish clear criteria to ensure that proposed improvements are con- sistent with the spirit and in- tent of the adopted Master Plan. Design guidelines will identify areas for interior and Bistorie Context Determine handicap, service, and emergency access require- Document original exposition ments. buildings, plazas, and open spaces. Determine compatibility and as- sess impact. Document exposition landscape themes. Determine architectural and landscape architectural com- Document the architectural patibility. style, ornamentation and details, materials, structural Determine circulation and park- condition, and interior floor ing requirements. plans of existing buildings.

Alternative Expansion and Design Guidelines Determine expansion plans and needs of users. Identify alternative means of providing for expansion needs. Determine what facilities, operations, or services must be accommodated within the exist- ing building. Determine opportunities provided through building reconstruction. Determine expansion oppor- tunities provided through inte- rior remodeling of existing buildings. Determine opportunities provided through exterior addi- tions. Determine opportunities that can be provided outside of the Park. ~eterminedrop-off and pick-up needs. Phasing and Construction Costs PHASE 1: 1989 FY - 1993 FY OBJECTIVES : Emphasize low-cost, management strategies to increase efficiency of existing street and parking facilities. Provide alternative means of access to the Park. Reduce vehicle-pedestrian conflict.

ACTIONS: Conduct the following feasibility studies: Centre City and Balboa Park Parking Management Program. Fixed rail transit alignments from Centre City to Balboa Park. Revegetation of Arizona landfill. Establish an intra-park tram system serving peripheral parking lots and the Central Mesa. Implement a parking management plan to: Establish parking lot signage; Increase compact stalls and restripe existing lots; Designate bus loading and parking areas; Designate long term employee parking areas; Implement on-street parking controls on Park Boulevard; Utilize traffic control officers. Improve directional signage on Interstate highways to designate preferred Balboa Park access routes and parking areas; Implement a low power information radio system for the Park; Keep Cabrillo Bridge open but experiment with traffic management techniques such as one way traffic, counter-flow lanes, improve- ments to existing traffic patterns, etc., depending on demand, e.g. daytime versus nighttime activities. Implement a bikeway plan to: Provide bicycle lanes to the Park Provide recreati,onal bicycle lanes within the Park Provide bicycle storage facilities within the Park Limit use of the Arizona Landfill for parking to very special events (with shuttle service to the,CentralMesa area) subject to permit, on a case-by-case basis.

IMPROVEMENTS COST IN MILLIONS

Tram system 1.0

Implement parking management strategies 0.1 Restore/reconstruct Prado buildings House of Charm, House of Hospitality

Upgrade Prado buildings and arcades Museum of Man, Art, Natural History, Casa de Balboa, Casa Del Prado, Old Globe 9.1 Upgrade Palisades buildings Palisades Building, Federal Building, Balboa Park Club 2.1 Facility improvements Starlight, Centro Cultural, Fleet Space Theater, Marston House, Botanical Building 3.9

Japanese Garden 2.0

Restore Prado 1.0

Organ Pavilion parking garage 10.0

Landscape Inspiration Point parking lot 0.2 Water reclamation facility (By Water Utilities Department) Safety/security lighting

124 - Develop northeast corner of park 0.5 - Signage 0.55 - Complete Rose Garden 0.15 - Miscellaneous Minor Improvements at $250,000 per year - Close Florida Drive, implement Florida Canyon Master Plan

- Landscape Zoo parking lot (Bv Zoo) PHASE 11: FY 1994 - FY 1998 OBJECTIVES: Reduce vehicle / pedestrian conflicts Recover open park land Implement traffic patterns (per experimentation process) across Cabrillo Bridge Utilize shared off-site parking with downtown

IMPROVEMENTS: COST IN MILLIONS

- Tram system 1.0 - Restore Palisades plaza 2.7 - New Municipal Gymnasium (outside park) 6.0 - Improve existing gymnasium building for new use 1.3 - Joint use garage (outside park) 10.0 - Park/garage shuttle 0.5 - Widen Zoo Place 1.9 - Restore Central Operations Station to Park 1.0

- Golden Hill pedestrian/bike bridge ' 1..1 - Reclaim Arizona Landfill 5.0 - Construct formal gardens in Sixth Avenue area 0.5 - Miscellaneous minor improvements at $250,000 per year 1.25

TOTAL PHASE 11 = $ 32.25 Million PHASE 111: FY 1999 - FY 2003 OBJECTIVES: Link Balboa Park to Centre City through fixed rail transit Recover available open park land

ACTIONS : Extend fixed rail transit from Centre City to Balboa Park Extend shuttle service across Cabrillo Bridge to transit sta- tions IMPROVEMENTS: COST IN MILLIONS - Tram.system 1.0 - Reconstruct clubhouse/restaurant at golf course 1.0 - Spanish Village revitalization 4.6 - Recover 400 space lot at Inspiration Point for open park use. 0.5

- Reconstruct/renovate Kearny Pool complex 2.0 - Golden Hill soccer facility 0.9 - Miscellaneous minor improvements at $250,000 per year 1.25

TOTAL PHASE III = $ 11.25 Million PHASE IV: FY 2004 - FY 2008 OBJECTIVES: Reduce vehicle - pedestrian conflicts

ACTIONS: Consider closing Cabrillo Bridge to automobile traffic if tran- sit, off-site parking, and shuttle system are adequately serving the Park.

IMPROVEMENTS: COST IN MILLIONS

- Tram system 1.0 - Central Mesa-East Mesa pedestrian/bicycle bridge 1.1 - Expand House of Pacific Relations 0.6 - Rehabilitate War Memorial Building/add therapeutic pool 0.7 - Eighth Avenue pedestrian/bicycle bridge 1.2 - Reclaim water tank area 0.5 - Miscellaneous minor improvements at $250,000 per year

TOTAL PHASE IV = $ 6.35 Million

Project descriptions, scheduling and cost estimates are prelimi- nary and are subject to change with the approval of the City Council. Financing

On June 21, 1988, the San Diego City Council adopted an or- dinance increasing the Tran- sient Occupancy Tax (TOT) from 7% to 8% effective August 1, 1988. The City Counc.il adopted a second ordinance increasing the TOT from 8% to 9% effective June 1, 1989. In conjunction with adoption of the second or- dinance, the City Council ap- proved a policy statement al- locating funds to certain programs and projects. Under this schedule, funds are allo- cated for Balboa Park Main- tenance and Improvements as follows :

.$1.0 Million

$3.8 Million FY 1991 AND AFTER Equivalent of 1% of TOT Using Certificates of Par- ticipation, Revenue Bonds or other financing mechanisms sup- ported by the funds allocated for Balboa Park Maintenance and Improvements, it is expected that approximately $45 - $50 million will be available for major improvements between FY 1989 and FY 1993. Master P an Background Park History 1871 A Bill is introduced (but defeated) in the State Legis- lature to publicly sell the HISTORY OF BALBOA PARK property. From this, a firm legal statement emerged: 1868 "these lands are to be held With great foresight,the City in trust forever ...for the Trustees by resolution set purposes of a free and public aside 1,400 acres of munici- park and for no other or dif- pally owned Pueblo Lands as a ferent purp~se.~'By 1881 the permanent public presenre. City first encroachments begin. Park, as it is called, becomes Russ High School, a children's San Diego's most controversial home, a 100 acre site for an tract of land. Alonzo Horton orphanage, a city pound, a gun and Ephraim Morse are in- club and other uses begin to strumental in securing the take advantage of open site. The urban population parkland. at the time approximately 2,300. Due to the lack of 1880's available water and appropri- Sixth Avenue becomes the focus ated revenue, early park for park development. Many development is severely groups randomly conduct tree restricted. planting programs with little regard for the Park as a

I 1 Early implementation of the Parson's Plan along Sixth Avenue. whole. However, Golden Hill natural and undeveloped. Their Park in the Southeast section proposed site plan, adjacent to develops from neighborhood care the high school, reflects and participation. awregional mission revivalw theme set in the formality of 1892 the Spanish renaissance. Upon is allowed a ten their invitation, architect year lease for a 30 acre nurs- is added to the ery site in the northwest quad- team because of his knowledge rant of the Park along Sixth of the Spanish Colonial style. Avenue in return for planting He proposes an alternate site 100 trees per year within the on the Central Mesa with more Park and 300 citywide. At her emphasis on an ornate architec- urging a Park committee is tural style convincing the fair formed to enlist design exper- supporters that this would en- tise toward a comprehensive sure a successful event. Sub- Master Plan. sequently, the Olmsteds withdraw. \ 1903 At the personal solicitation A contest is held to rename the and expense of , Park. The name of the Spanish , Jr. a renowned explorer .Balboa is chosen. New York City landscape ar~hitect~trainedin the The Panama California Exposi- wPicturesquellEnglish romantic tion grounds take five and one style, is contracted to gener- half years to complete. San ate the Park's first plan. Diego is so strident in its at- Parsons says of the unique City tempts to be the preferred host Park site "with its spreading city (competing directly with mesas and rugged picturesque San Francisco) that the federal canyons, there is nothing else government directs Latin Ameri- like it among the parks of the can countries not to exhibit in world.I1 Parsons writes San Diego and sends generous vigorously about the distant financial support to the north- views of the hills and the bay ern city alone. Consequently, and is committed to protecting the visions are scaled down and the Ifgenius of the scenery. funded through contributions and a bond issue. The trans- 1909 formation of the Central Mesa Rumblings of an opportunity for is indeed extensive. As the San Diego to host an exposition event is also responsible for celebrating the completion of San Diego's ornamental hor- the Panama Canal begins. The ticulture boom the exposition famous Olmsted Brothers from is affectionately named "The ~assachusettsare contracted Garden Fairw, supporting over to plan the fairgrounds. 1,200 species and countless Aligned with the planning numbers of each. ideals set down by Parsons, the Olmsteds fee1,as many San The fair attracts well over Diegans do, that the central three and a half million area of the Park should remain people as it runs from 1915

through 1916 and launches a 1918 Spanish Colonial revival that The first appropriation of land manifests itself in other parts to the U.S. Navy for the WWI of the nation. All of the effort takes place. Partial oc- buildings are constructed with cupation of the park occurs no foundations and are intended and training activities are to be temporary. conducted.

1921 The Naval Hospital compound. begins construction, utilizing the area initially used by the ophanage.

1915 Plaza de Panama- Panama-California International Exposition.

137 View of the Prado looking west-1932.

View of the Prado looking east-1932.

138

1920 s Significant architecture is Citizens prefer to preserve added during this time. The as many exposition buildings Old Globe Theater, replicating as feasible and add permanent the Shakepearean stage of old improvements to the Prado. England, the Ford Building, William Templeton Johnson designed by nationally ac- designs the Natural History claimed architect Walter Museum and the San Diego Museum Teague and many additional of Art-The Carousel (Merry-go- experimental pieces from Re- round), is also acquired. qua himself. Hollywood as well as local artisans had a 1927 hand in producing the many John Nolen prepares the second murals and friezes. The first Master Plan of the Park, con- restoration of the Prado build- centrating on the northeast ings is an important part of quadrant which is now known the new exposition planning. as Morley Field. A bond issue is passed and additional WPA 1941 monies provide for the con- During World War 11, the U.S. struction of a municipal pool, Navy occupies all of the a bathhouse, tennis courts, a buildings remaining from both nine and eighteen hole golf expositions and closes the Park course, and bowling greens. off to the public. For six years the Central Mesa is known 1935 as Camp Kidd, named for Ad- After a nationwide depression miral Kidd who was killed at and a local concern for Pearl Harbor, and the hospital preservation of the Prado area, expands operations. The San Diego once again plans for Natural History Museum becomes an exposition. , the dermatology ward, the House lead architect and major of Hospitality becomes the proponent for saving the ar- nurses dormitory, and all chitecture remaining from the other buildings and areas are 1915 exposition, plans the put to practical medical and grounds known as the Palisades supporting uses. The Navy area. His design theme is finally exits the Park and com- "architecture and societies pensates the city for damages ranging from primitive times sustained during the occupa- to the modern eraw. The ex- tion. position is called the California pacific Interna- 1947 tional Exposition and also con- The Olmsted Brothers, tinues a year longer than responding to solicitations originally planned. The fair from the City San Diego planners receive City Council prepare a bid to assist in the blessing in December of 1934 Master Plan of the Park. They and the gates open in May of are perceived as being too ex- 1935, a mere six months later. pensive and the matter is shelved. .- .

1927. John Nolen Sports Facility (Mor.ley Field) Master Plan. -. - - _.- . . .-- . ... --. .-, -. .,..,

1927 John Nolen Central Mesa Master Plan.

143 t-' t-' I& I&

- - Official Map of the Calif ornia-Pacifi,~International Exposition 1935

1949 Forty acres through Cabrillo Canyon become a major north/< south link for the City presently known as Cabrillo Freeway.

1958 The firm of Harland Bartholomew and Associates is contracted to prepare a Master Plan for Balboa Park. A comprehensive study is done and many recom- mendations are followed such as the construction of Inter- state 5 in the southwest sec- tion. The plan's preservation element exhibits a weakness but its recommendations for demolition and further encroachments are not followed. 19601s - 1970'9 Non-historical museum construc- tion is added in the heart of the Prado area. It is con- tested and becomes controver- sial. From this era the first successful National His- toric Landmark designations are applied for and awarded, thereby protecting the future of other significant architec- ture or site elements created during the exposition eras. Past Planning Efforts Improvement of the San Dieso Zoo with enhanced accessibilitv and convenience. The plan called for the provi- The current Master Plan for sion of a large, permanent Balboa Park, the Bartholomew parking area immediately east Master Plan, adopted in 1960, of the Zoo Administration (See Figure 17) has served its Building to be provided partly intended purpose well. Struc- by a relocation of Park tured to guide development for Boulevard. The Zoo would be 20 years, it contained a 15- connected directly with the year capital improvements Morley Field area by a new road program focused on the'major and would have improved unfinished parts of the Park. pedestrian connections with the Though it clearly addressed Prado and Palisades areas. budget cost factors, it did not This project has been com- present a financial strategy pleted. and depended on conventional funding methods. This factor is one of two basic reasons for Development of the Prado Area the failure of some key as an extraordinarv museum com- projects to be implemented. plex. Subsequent economic downturns altered City priorities, thus This goal listed a number of slowing the pace of improve- changes in use for various ments. Prado area buildings including: transformation of the Califor- The second major factor which nia Building into a theatrical fostered stagnation of the arts center; enlargement of the development program was the Art Museum; addition of a Gar- value given to close-in parking den Center to the Botanical and continued auto access Building; construction of a through the central Prado area. Science and Industry Museum and Public pressure successfully a Youth Cultural Center; blocked development of most of relocation of the Sports Museum the approved projects of the to the House of Charm, and Spanish Village/Prado/Palisades others. Temporary exposition complex. buildings were to be replaced, but the basic form, arrangement Changing public attitudes and charm of the area was to be toward the environment also maintained. played a role in thwarting some of the Bartholomew Plan's Loop roads were designed to recommendations such as the carry traffic around the Prado Switzer Canyon Freeway. area and Laurel Street would become a pedestrian walkway. The plan contained nine major The Plaza de Panama was to be proposals: redesigned with reflecting pools. Most of these projects were never carried out, with tween the Natural History the exception of construction Museum and ~panishVillage; of the Space Theatre. traffic was to have been banned from the Prado area. These Transformation of the Palisades recommendations also were never Area. implemented. The Ford Building, Conference and Palisades Buildings, the Greatlv enlarsed picnic areas. Municipal Gymnasium and the Balboa Park Club were scheduled At the time, the Park contained for demolition. Parking was 65 acres of picnic facilities. designed to allow a central The plan proposed doubling this lawn in the Plaza. The Ford area, particularly in the Sixth Building location was meant for Avenue area and Florida Canyon. a dramatic overlook. None of Pepper Grove would also have these recommendations were com- been enlarged. These recommen- pleted. dations have generally been followed, except in the case of Florida Canyon. An enlarsed active recreational center. More facilities for older per- The Morley Field area was to sons. receive a new gymnasium, ball fields, tennis courts and a This called for maintaining ex- pool. These recommendations isting bowling, shuffleboard were implemented with the ex- and roque activities, and ception of the gymnasium con- relocation of the Balboa Club struction. to "the present site of the Ivy Street AviaryN. It was also felt that removal of heavy Separation of throush and local traffic from the heart of the traffic. Park would increase acces- sibility of the cultural areas. Specific recommendations in- These recommendations have cluded widening Park Blvd to generally been followed except four lanes; connecting 26th that traffic has not been Street to Park Boulevard; con- removed from the cultural core necting Upas and Cypress of the Park. Streets. Only the Park Boulevard widening was com- pleted. More facilities for nearby residents. Separation of pedestrian and A development similar to the vehicular traffic. Golden Hill Recreation Center was planned for the north- Proposed projects included a eastern corner of the Park, pedestrian overpass at the Or- consisting of improved shuf- gan Pavilion; an underpass be- fleboard and roque courts, restrooms, picnic facilities and open landscaped areas. The Morley Field area now contains these improvements.

Master P an Ana Planning Context The Centre City San Diego Com- munity Plan emphasizes the need for a linkage between Balboa Park and the San Diego Bay. The waterfront and embarcadero Several key external factors are viewed as a major open affect the planning of Balboa space element and a visual Park. (See Figure 22 for the gateway to the City. The regional location of Balboa proposed linkage would provide Park in the County of San regional access to both Balboa Diego. ) Park and the San Diego Bay. SURROUNDING LAND USES The transportation systems of Centre City include considera- Centre Citv San Dieso Community tion of activity areas outside Plan Area of the community plan area, in- cluding Balboa Park. Balboa Park is located in close proximity to San Diego's downtown area and is therefore Greater North Park Community generally surrounded by a Plan variety of urban land uses. Community plan areas adjacent Greater North Park, with a to- to Balboa Park include the tal area of approximately four Centre City area, the Greater square miles, borders Balboa North Park area, the Uptown Park on the north along Upas area and the Golden Hill area. Street and on the east along Land uses in these surrounding 28th Street. Greater North areas are described below and Park is an older community are illustrated in Figure 23. characterized by mixed residen- tial development and ribbon The Centre City San Diego Com- commercial development ,along munity Plan area lies adjacent the major streets - Adams to Balboa Park and south and Avenue, El Cajon Boulevard, west of Interstate 5. It in- University Avenue, Park cludes all of San Diego City Boulevard, and 30th Street. A College. The Community Plan majority of the area is includes the downtown area of residential, most of that being San Diego and is bounded by single family dwellings with Laurel Street, Interstate 5, some duplexes. Two-thirds of Commercial Street, and the San the.single family homes are Diego Bay. Centre City is divided into sub-areas to more clearly define neighborhoods within the downtown area. The area ad- jacent to Balboa Park is Cor- tez, which is proposed to con- tain a mixture of residential, commercial and office use. BAJA CALIFORNIA

NOT TO SCALE Lad

older, having been built before canyon provides a natural ex- 1940. Recently, there has been tension of Balboa Park into the a transition to multi-family community. dwelling units. During the 1960's there was a prolifera- A system of pedestrian/bicycle tion of apartment building linkages has been proposed to construction, particularly in better integrate the community the area between Adams Avenue with Balboa Park. The linkage and University Avenue. system would include bikeways and improved pedestrian paths The area of Greater North Park within existing street rights- adjacent to Balboa Park is made of-way which would connect Bal- up primarily of single family boa Park with other public dwelling units with a few scat- facilities such as community tered apartment buildings. One parks, schools, and libraries. of the goals of the Community The Community Plan indicates Plan is to "Preserve the low pedestrian/bikeway entrances to density single family areas im- Balboa Park at approximately mediately adjacent to Balboa Redwood Street, Grape Street, Park Ash Street, and Pershing Drive. The Greater North Park Com- munity Plan places considerable Greater Golden Hill Precise emphasis on parks and open Plan Area. space areas. A small number of neighborhood parks currently This Precise Plan includes an exist which satisfy a portion area of 430 acres east of of the community's needs. one downtown San Diego, bounded by of the plan proposals is to Balboa Park and Juniper Street "Develop the areas at the on the north, 32nd Street be- periphery of Balboa Park with tween Juniper and Hawthorn recreational facilities to Street and along Marston Drive serve the nearby residential to 34th Street canyon to Beech areas of the c~mmunity~~. These Street on the east, Highway 94 recreational facilities are in- to the south and 1-5 to the tended to make up for the west. recreation and Park deficiencies in Greater North Golden Hill is a mixed use com- Park. munity dominated by residential usage with five small commer- Open space areas are delineated cial pockets and a strip of in the Community Plan to ensure industrial area occupying the the preservation of existing, southeast corner of the com- valuable natural resources, munity. Housing constitutes such as canyons. Switzer the majority of land use in Canyon, a major east-west Greater Golden Hill and in- canyon, enters Balboa Park at cludes a variety of housing approximately the end of types with a wide range of Juniper Street at the northern values and ages. Homes are end of the golf course. The generally older. Due to the relative age of many o Provide increased main- of the homes, some built before tenance of the Triangle grounds 1900, and the rich diversity of to improve Park appearance and architectural forms, a con- to provide a greater feeling of certed effort has been made to spaciousness and security. preserve historical homesites o Develop pedestrian paths or homes with significant ar- linking the four areas located chitectural value. An Historic in the Golden Hill Triangle. District has been established between 24th and 25th Streets o Provide additional south of Balboa Park. facilities in all four Triangle locations. Balboa Park borders the com- munity on two sides. The o Encourage the Park and southeast corner of the Park, Recreation Department to con- called Golden Hill Triangle tinue undertaking ongoing area, includes the Golden Hill review of the utilization of Recreation Center, Golden Hill the Golden Hill Triangle area Park, 28th Street area, and the and the age composition of the Grape Street picnic area. This users. area is used primarily as a neighborhood park by residents o Increase general grounds of Golden Hill. The Golden maintenance and initiate prun- Hill Triangle area satisfies ing and clearing of the vegeta- only a part of the recreational tion that currently makes much needs of the neighborhood; suf- of the Park impassable and ficient facilities and upkeep presents a potential fire are lacking, there is an access hazard. problem, and youth gang ac- tivities have made the area There is little traffic inter- sometimes dangerous. action between Balboa Park and Golden Hill. Except for The recreation goals of the entrances to the Golden Hill Greater Golden Hill Precise Triangle at 25th Street and Plan include better pedestrian 28th Street, there is no access to and maintenance of through traffic to the park the Golden Hill Triangle area. with the exception of 26th Street. The Balboa Park-related goals are as follows: o Provide pedestrian access through the Golden Hill Tri- angle by maintenance of public right of way. Uptown Community Plan The plan proposes a system of bikeways and pedestrian paths The Uptown Community Plan area to all activity areas including is located to the north and Balboa Park. Open space west of Balboa Park, bounded by linkages are recommended to be Mission Valley to the north, developed on selected east-west Park Boulevard and Balboa Park streets through the Fourth and to the east, 1-5 and Old San Fifth Avenue corridor: closure Diego to the west. Sub-area C, of streets or widening of Park West, is the Sub-area im- sidewalks would physically and mediately west of the Park, visually connect Balboa Park to while Sub-area B, the Hillcrest this corridor and the residen- community, borders the north tial area to the west. The edge of the Park. need for pedestrian ways be- tween Fourth and Fifth Avenues Sub-area B adjoining the Park and the Park is emphasized. is primarily residential in na- ture, with low and medium den- sity single family residences. Sub-area C is a mixture of high density single and multi-family residential between the Park and Fifth Avenue; the Fourth and Fifth Avenue area is primarily commercial. In the Uptown Community Plan, the single family residential area north of the Park would be retained, while high-density residential development would be continued along Sixth Avenue. The plan emphasizes that care should be taken not to "wall-off" Balboa Park from the westerly part of the com- munity. A number of parks and open space goals are emphasized in the plan, as neighborhood and community parks satisfy a por- tion of these needs. Recommen- dations include making full use of Roosevelt Junior High School for active recreation facilities. The preservation of natural open space is em- phasized. Balboa Park Canyon (Marston Hills ~ddition) is recommended as an open space green belt. Land Use and Architecture "wildsw so to speak, the camps provide a natural enough character to act as a transi- tional experience between the "cityggand the "countryflfl. Land Use Character Pedestrian/bicycle paths run The existing Balboa Park land along Upas Street. A pedestrian use plan is shown in Figure 24. and bicycle bridge crosses SR- The Park has been divided into 163. The Marston Hills Addi- several land use zones. These tion and the nearby park area zones are for reference pur- currently exhibit a feeling of poses and are illustrated in ttnaturalnessw. Because of its Figure 25. The major charac- shape, the perceived background teristics of each of these viewshed from within the canyon zones are described below. is low density residential on the east, north and south Zone 1: Northwest Area perimeters. The immediate and foreground character is not This zone includes the Marston destroyed by the adjacent Hills addition of ap- homes. This canyon creates an proximately 15 acres north of excellent feeling of seclusion Upas Street between Seventh within an intense urban Avenue and Richmond Street. framework. The area includes Marston home. The Northwest Area also in- Zone 2: Sixth Avenue Area cludes the area between Rich- mond Drive and SR-163 which This zone consists of a beauti- contains the Boy Scout and Girl fully landscaped area between Scout leaseholds, and Campfire Sixth Avenue and SR-163, from Camp Cahita just west of SR- Upas Street to the SR-163/I-5 163. The Marston Hills addi- interchange. 1t.includes the tion consists of a deep canyon Sixth Avenue mesa area, and the tributary to Cabrillo Canyon. west slope of Cabrillo Canyon. This is one of the two oldest The Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts landscaped and developed open are located in this zone. Ac- park areas and is devoted to tivities include night camping, passive and active recreational day camping, training sessions, pursuits designed for all age troop meetings and community groups. The Cabrillo Bridge group meetings. Both the Boy functionally divides the mesa and Girl Scouts hold eight into northern and southern sec- weeks of day camp in the summer tions. months. The northern section is The camps provide an area for dominated by the Cypress Grove the appreciation of nature and picnic area. Facilities on the the opportunity for young per- northern mesa section include son social interaction within large turf areas, a children's an outdoor setting. Although play area, the Redwood Bridge not a campground within the

and Shuffleboard Club, the San Zone 4: North Central Area Diego Roque Club and a bowling green. This small zone north of the Zoo parking lot and south of The southern section also has a Upas Street includes the large central picnic area, the Veterans.War Memorial Building Pine Grove Picnic Area. and grounds on the west side of Facilities include the Balboa Park Boulevard and the Blind Roque and Shuffleboard Club, Recreation Center area on the and the Fire Alarm Building, east side of Park Boulevard. currently used by the Park and The grounds surrounding these Recreation Department for buildings are generally level storage but is anticipated to turf areas, with scattered temporarily house Park and plantings of trees. The Recreation Department offices. Veterans War Memorial Building is used by community and social The Sixth Avenue area is an ex- groups. tensively landscaped area of grass, curving paths and tree The Recreation Center for the plantings. The mesa tops have Blind is sponsored by the Lions a formal atmosphere, while the Club of San Diego. The charac- canyon slopes give a more ter within this area is one of naturalized appearance. The great openness due to the large basic character within this open lawn areas and low rela- area is one of a traditional tively small buildings. Traf- park with large areas of open fic on Park Boulevard is often lawn with occasional groves of heavy and fast, detracting from trees. On busy weekends and the value of the area for pas- holidays, this character is sive, contemplative uses. negatively affected by the large number of cars parking Zone 5: Florida Canyon Area and traveling on Balboa Drive. This includes all of the Florida Canyon area except for Zone 3: San Diego Zoo the Rose Garden, the Desert . Garden, and the new Naval This includes all of the Zoo Hospital. The area also in- area as well as the parking lot cludes portions of the Central north of Zoo Place and west of Operations Station. Park Boulevard. The Zoo houses over 1,600 species of animals, Florida Canyon is the largest and the largest plant collec- undeveloped portion of Balboa tion in Balboa Park. Many. rare Park; it is a fairly deep, nar- and exotic trees and shrubs are row canyon with several finger planted on the Zoo grounds. canyons. A cobbled stream runs Its character varies from through the canyon to the west tropical lushness to heavily of Florida Drive. A system of wooded. nature trails is provided in Florida Canyon. Zone 5 is an area of varied Zone 7: Municipal Golf Courses character types, ranging from unattractive city maintenance This zone consists of the 18- m. facilities, to the institu- hole and 9-hole golf courses tional architectural character and a driving range, to the of the Naval Hospital site, to east of Pershing Drive. The the native hillsides of Florida zone is bisected by Switzer -. Canyon. The Central Operations Canyon: the canyonus northern Station presents a rather un- slopes and finger canyons are parklike entrance via Pershing in a natural state, with a na- - Drive. tive chaparral vegetation. A single clubhouse serves both Zone 6: Morley Field golf courses. This large recreation oriented The majority of this area is area includes all of the area obviously dominated by large east of Florida Canyon, south open lawn areas typical of golf s of Upas Street, north and west courses. What gives the course of Pershing Drive and west of a unique flavor are the undis- 28th Street between Redwood turbed native hillsides Street and Upas Street. This throughout the course. In the relatively flat mesa top is the heart of the city, one can play site of the Morley Field Sports a round of golf and experience Complex, which includes tennis manicured park-like areas as courts, the municipal pool, well as experience undisturbed soccer, baseball and multipur- and natural hillsides that were pose play fields, a velodrome, once prevalent in the area. frisbee golf course, archery field, flycasting pool, bocce courts, a Senior Citizenus Cen- Zone 8: Golden Hill ter with shuffleboard and roque, organizational and open This zone includes the area picnic areas, and a children's north of Russ Boulevard, east play area. This area also in- of Pershing Drive, south and cludes a large unofficially west of 26th Street Road and closed sanitary landfill. Open all of the Golden Hills Recrea- lawn and picnic areas occur tion Center adjacent to the along Upas Street, and an un- 9-hole golf course. It is the developed area lies between second of the two oldest Pershing Drive and 29th Street landscaped and developed park north of Redwood. One of the areas. The Golden Hill Picnic most dramatic viewpoints from Area is a large turf area on within the Park is located at the flat crown of a hill, the south end of the landfill ringed by a loop road. The overlooking Florida Canyon. surrounding slopes are covered in well established groves of oak trees to the west, with eucalyptus and some pine trees to the east. Some native vegetation is found at the eastern edge of this zone. The Golden Hill area displays the City Council studied the varying character. The exist- area and determined the most ing recreation center provides appropriate type of re-use. a hub of activity resulting in The recommended uses are character similar to the Morley predominantly free and open Field area, including abundant park. fencing and bright lighting at night The Golden Hill Recrea- tion Center facilities include Zone 11: Central Area shuffleboard courts, ball fields, and basketball courts This zone extends south from and offers varied community ac- the Zoo and parking lot between tivities. In addition, the SR-163 and Park Boulevard to knoll area provides a typical include the Prado area. This passive park setting with open zone covers the Prado area, lawn areas and large trees. ' Cabrillo Bridge, Spanish Vil- lage, the children's rides, the Rose Garden and Desert Garden, Zone 9: Grape Street Area the field archery range and Palm Canyon. Cultural ac- This area lies east of 28th tivities dominate this area, Street between Date Street and including museums, theatres, Juniper Street and east of the art galleries, community ac- golf courses, on a small mesa tivities and gardens. top. A large central turf area is surrounded by well developed This zone is perhaps the most stands of primarily eucalyptus familiar part of the Park to trees. This area is generally many users. Use of this perceived as having safety and popular area peaks on good security problems, particularly weather weekends, when the fes- after dark. Because of its tive atmosphere created by jug- proximity to single family glers, musicians, and mimes, residences, it conveys the landscaped areas, and heavily- feeling of a small neighborhood used museums combines with park. heavy through.automobile traf- fic. This area is one of the prime activity centers and des- Zone 10: Inspiration Point tinations for residents and Zone tourists in the City of San Diego. Inspiration Point lies at the south end of the Park, east of Park Boulevard. An ap- Zone 12: Palisades Area proximate 35 acre area was returned to the City of San This zone lies south of the Diego by the U.S. Navy in ex- Prado area. It includes the change for a similar sized area House of Pacific Relations, to the north. All but three of United Nations Building, Balboa the existing hospital buildings Park Club, .Puppet Theatre, . are being demolished. An 4 Palisades Building, Automative hot committee established by Museum (Conference Building), Aerospace Historical Center the southern portion of the (Ford Building), Starlight Bowl canyon. A childrenf s and Municipal Gymnasium. As is playground area is located ad- the case for the Prado area, jacent to the Centro Cultural cultural activities dominate, de la Raza. including museums, theatre, in- ternational cultural displays, EXISTING ACTIVITY PATTEREIB folk dancing and sports and community activities. Free and Open Park Uses The predominant character of Free and open park space occurs this zone is that of a large primarily around the Park expansive parking lot sur- perimeter, Florida Canyon and rounded by buildings of mixed the Central Mesa area. The character. This is also a largest section is found along pedestrian and vehicular area. Sixth Avenue west of SR-163, The northeasterly section is with extensive lawn, and picnic more of a passive lawn and areas. Other large areas of vegetation area which includes park land oriented toward pic- the House of Pacific Relations. nicking and similar activities The southwest terminus is the occur in the Pepper Grove area large circular Ford Building on Park Boulevard; the Golden which encloses this space. Hill area excluding the Recrea- tion Center; the Grape Street The views to the south from the picnic area; the picnic and Aerospace Museum are quite open play areas of Morley dramatic. Unfortunately, these Field. Palm Canyon, located views are not visible from the south of the Alcazar Garden Pan American Plaza area. parking lot and west of the Or- gan Pavilion, constitutes a type of open park land which is Zone 13: Pepper Grove Area intermediate between the previ- This zone lies south of the ously mentioned lawn and picnic Prado and east of the Palisades areas and the natural open area and includes the Pepper spaces of Florida Canyon and Grove picnic area, Australian the Marston Addition. Existing area, proposed Japanese Garden, free and open park uses are and two circular water tank somewhat limited when compared buildings which are used by the with the overall size of the Centro Cultural.de la Raza and Park, and comprise only the Park and Recreation Depart- eighteen percent of the total ment. The area adjacent to Park acreage. Park Boulevard is a relatively flat mesa top with large open lawn areas dotted with pepper Site specific Recreation Uses trees. Behind this, the ground slopes downward steeply to form These uses are concentrated Gold Gulch, a deep canyon on the east side of the Park, covering most of the remaining the San Diego Zoo and several area. The Police Department's small recreation centers. The equestrian facility occupies east side includes the Morley Field Sports complex which The majority of special events provides tennis courts, bocce are held in the Prado and courts, a swimming pool, the Palisades areas, or on the open velodrome, an archery range and park land next to Laurel Street a frisbee disc golf course. and Sixth Avenue. Special The two municipal golf courses events permits are handled are also located on the East through the Facilities Manage- Mesa, the 18-hole course south ment and Maintenance Section of of Pershing Drive and the the Park and Recreation Depart- 9-hole golf course at the ment. Fund raising events are southeastern corner of the usually held in the Organ Park. The Golden Hill Recrea- Pavilion or the central Prado tion Center offers community area. recreation activities next to the 9-hole golf course. Several special recreation ac- Tourist Attractions tivity centers are found scat- tered on the west side of the Major tourist attractions con- Park along Sixth Avenue. These sist of the San Diego Zoo and include two shuffleboard and the cultural areas of the Prado roque clubs, and a bowling and Palisades. The golf green. courses and the open park areas of the Central Mesa and along The single largest special Sixth Avenue also receive some recreation area is the San tourist activities. The Morley Diego Zoo on the Central Mesa. Field area, Florida Canyon and A field archery range is also Golden Hill areas primarily located on the Central Mesa, serve community and neigh- both north and south of borhood uses. Cabrillo Bridge. Encroachments and Restricted Cultural Activities Areas Cultural activities are con- Several major encroachments centrated on the Central Mesa, (non-park uses) or restricted especially in the Prado and uses exist along the Park Palisades areas and in Spanish perimeter west of Florida Village. The Veterans War Drive. These include San Diego Memorial Building north of the High School, the Naval Hospi- Zoo parking lot is used for tal, Roosevelt Junior High community social and cultural School, the Boy Scout, Girl activities. The Centro Cul- Scout, and Campfire camp- tural de la Raza functions as a grounds. In addition, the community center with meeting Arizona Landfill and the City rooms, dance classes and an art Operations Center/Maintenance gallery. Yard, the freeways, and the new City Nursery are considered to be encroachments within the Special Events park. A variety of uses are available to the general public for a fee. These uses include primarily the Zoo and museum the Zoo, the golf courses, the area. In-county visitors util- I museums and some of the recrea- ize these areas as well as tional facilities at Morley other areas such as Morley Field. Field, the Sixth Avenue area ! and the golf courses. However, the Golden Hill and Grape EXI8TING USE C CTER Street areas appear to be util- ized primarily as neighborhood 1 The existing land use character parks by local residents from I of the Park is strongly af- those areas. fected by existing user pat- terns within the Park. The number of visitors to Balboa Park has increased yearly since 1957. This trend is expected to continue. Exceptions to this overall yearly rise in at- tendance were the years 1976- 1979. (See figure 26). During these years, there was an over- all decline in use of the Park. This decline has been at- tributed to several factors in- cluding the initiation of user fees at the museums, destruc- tion of the Old Globe and Aerospace Museums by fire and the 1979 gasoline crisis. As might be expected, there are strong seasonal and week- end/weekday fluctuations in Park attendance. Attendance at the Park is highest during the summer months (June, July and August) and peaks particularly from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. on summer weekends. Approximately two- thirds of Park visitors are residents of San Diego County. The remaining visitors are from other California areas and from out-of-state. As San Diego's popularity as a tourist destination has increased since 1959, it is likely that the proportion of out-of-county visitors has also increased. Most out-of-county visitors and out-of-state visitors utilize

Access, Circulation Street off-ramp is carrying more traffic than desired. and Parking Portions of Eaurel/El Prado, Florida Drive and Upas Street exhibit traffic loadings which Auto Access: Auto access is also exceed the maximum presently provided to Balboa desirable standard. Park by both the regional freeway system and local ar- Balboa Park is predominantly terial roadways. (See Figure accessed by automobile, as op- 27). Running north-south in posed to other modes of the park and through ~abrillo transportation. Survey data Canyon, SR-163 Freeway from the late 1970,s indicate (cabrill0 Freeway) splits Bal- that at least 90 percent of boa Park into the western one- Park users arrive by auto third and eastern two-thirds. (Economic Behavior Analysts, This freeway links with 1-5, Inc., 1980). The data indi- 1-8 and other regional cates that, depending upon the facilities to the north. Park institution visited, as Direct access to the Park is many as 95 percent of patrons provided from SR-163, but only arrive by automobile. The same in the northbound direction, at survey identified that, depend- Quince and Richmond Street ing upon which institutions off-ramps. Interstate 5, form- were visited, vehicle occupancy ing the southwestern boundary for auto users averaged 2.9 - of the Park, also provides 3.3 persons per vehicle. regional Park access, with con- nections to SR-163, Pershing Existing Balboa Park vehicular Drive, Park Boulevard and Sixth auto parking supply totals are Avenue. shown in Figure 26. With 3,145 parking spaces, the Zoo Principal arterial roadways lot alone accounts for nearly providing auto access to Balboa one-half of the total Central Park include Sixth Avenue, Mesa parking supply. which forms the western bound- ary of the Park; Laurel/El Demand for parking is in- Prado, the prime western entry fluenced by a variety of fac- gate via Sixth Avenue; Pershing tors, including (but not neces- Drive, especially from the sary limited to) the following: south via 1-5; and Park Boulevard, with both southern o Demand for parking space . and northern entrance ways to varies by hour within the the Park. dayland is different at night than during the day. It is Identified in Figure 28 are also different on weekends than recent weekday average daily weekdays, typically peaking traffic (ADT) totals. These ground traffic counts were col- lected between 1988 and 1989 by the City of San Diego. The SR-163 freeway at Richmond

DAILY TRAFFIC COUNTS COUNTS REPRESENT TOTAL TWO WAY TRAFFIC EXPRESSED 168 THOUSANDS (000) * COUNTS ARE FROM (1986-1989) UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED (under normal circumstances) In the late 197O8s, it was in- during the afternoon on a Sun- dicated that: day. "On at least thirty days a year o Demand is also higher during the entire Park is at or near the summer months, on holidays the capacity use of its parking and free admission days, and spaces, and there are a number during special events and of areas within the Park which promotions. The latter can almost always are filled, such create special parking as in front of the Art Museum, problems. the Natural History Museum parking lot and the Space o Demand fluctuates with the Theater parking lot during weather. performances." (Economic Be- havior Analysts, Inc., 1980) o Length of stay/duration of parking is a key factor affect- In addition to inadequate park- ing availability of parking ing supply at times and/or spaces. locations, another key parking-related problem relates o Vehicle occupancy is another to conflicts between motorists key factor, as the number of and pedestrians (and to a persons which can be accom- lesser extent bicyclists). In modated within parking the cultural center/El Prado facilities will vary by the area, in particular, vehicles number of persons per auto. turning in and out of parking lots, and circulating around Demand for parking spaces searching for an available varies by user group as well. space, will often conflict with (See table 1). Patrons of park pedestrian circulation. institutions (e.g., the Zoo or a museum) will park for greater Alternate Modes of Access: Ac- or lesser periods of time, cess to Balboa Park, while depending on their predominantly by automobile, destination(s) within the Park. can also be gained by transit, As an example, Zoo patrons tend taxi, bicycle or on foot. he to park for several hours at a aforementioned survey results time. Institution patrons also demonstrated that, depending prefer to park near their in- upon specifically where the in- tended destination(s), should terviews were conducted, with the space be available. whom and what time of day, to- Employees and volunteers repre- tal persons m using cars sent a critical user group, as amounted to 5-11 percent of all they take up space that could Park visitors. otherwise be available to visitors. Patrons of special San Diego Transit operates four events , due to the potential (4) bus routes 7, 7B, 16 and 25 sheer number of attendees can which serve the Park. . All encounter acute parking con- of these routes have certain straints. bus stops designated "lift T-LE 1 1988 BALBOA PMK PBRKPNG BUPPLP San Diego Centre City and Balboa Park Parking Management Plan

Central Mesa Area: Zoo Lot Organ Pavilion Lot Starlight Bowl Lat (East of Federal Building) Pan American Plaza Lot (a.k.a. Palisades Lot) Spanish Village Lat (North of Village Place) Fleet Space Theatre Lots Alcazar Gardens Lot Plaza de Panama Lots (a. k. a. Prado Lots) Pepper Grove Aerospace Museum (South of Museum) Natural History Museum Lot (South of Village Place) Carousel Lot (South of Zoo Place) Casa de Balboa Gold Gulch Lot (Just East of Organ Pavilion Lot) Botanical Building Lot (North of Village Place) Subtotal: Other Nearby Areas: 'Inspiration Point Lots On-Street Spaces Subtotal: TOTAL PARKING SPACES:

SOURCE: Park and Recreation Board amd SANDAG "Centre City Parking Studym, 1988. stopsw for wheelchair-bound persons. Not every bus along a particular route has lift capabilities, however. San Diego Transit operates no spe- cial or "dial-a-ride" service to the Park only fixed-route, fixed-schedule services. The Molly Corporation offers two nMolly Trolley Expresst1 routes from Seaport Village in Centre City. One line traverses the Gaslamp Quarter and eventually runs up Park Boulevard to the San Diego Zoo. No special accommodations are made for the handicapped. Most of the Park is "pedestrian friendlym; sidewalks and path- ways are generally plentiful. Conflicts do occur with automo- tive traffic, particularly in the high pedestrian activity areas of the Prado and Palisades where motorists and pedestrians compete for room in which to circulate. Pedestrian access across Florida Drive is not specifically provided for. There are some signed bike routes (on-street) designated in the Park for the cyclist. There are also portable metal bike racks at selected sites. These represent the only spe- cial accommodations currently provided for those wishing to travel to Balboa Park by bicycle. ogsa phy, The bedrock units underlying Top Soils the Park are of marine origin, and Geology dating from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene periods. The two major types of bedrock Forma- General tions are the Einda'Vista For- mation, found primarily on the Balboa Park currently covers mesas, and the San Diego Forma- approximately 1,290 acres of tion, generally exposed in the dissected marine terrace, in canyons. Some Otay formation the coastal plains area. The is exposed in the eastern Park is characterized by a areas. mesa-canyon topography of rela- tively level uplands, strongly Soils west of Park Boulevard dissected by deep, narrow belong to two major groups, the canyons. The Park is divided Chesterton series on the Sixth into four mesa areas: 1) the Avenue mesa, and the Gaviota western one paralleling Sixth series in Cabrillo Canyon and , Avenue; 2) the Central Mesa its tributaries, including the along Park Boulevard and in- Zoo area. Both soil series cluding the Prado and Palisades consist of soils weathered from area; 3) the eastern Morley sandstone. The thin soils of Field Mesa; and the 4) smaller the Sixth Avenue area are mesa to the southeast of the generally gravely loamy sands Park. The mesa tops have over sandstone or a hardpan. elevations varying from 225 to The Gaviota soils of the 275 feet above mean sea level. canyons are well-drained fine (See figure 29. ) sandy loam, only 9 to 18 inches deep over sandstone. Run-off The three major canyons located is rapid and the erosion hazard within the Park consist of is high. Cabrillo Canyon and its tributaries, separating the The soils east of Park Sixth Avenue and central mesas; Boulevard belong primarily to Florida Canyon which separates the Redding series. These the central and eastern mesas; well-drained gravely loams have and Switzer Canyon which a gravely clay subsoil over a bisects the 18-hole golf shallow hardpan The mesa along course. These canyons are Park Boulevard, the Morley generally over a hundred feet Field mesa, and the 9-hole golf deep, with rim elevations of course site are covered by Red- 225 to 275 feet above mean seal ding gravely loam, the same level, and bottom depths rang- soil type found in the ing from 100 to 175 feet. The mimamound-vernal pool areas of Marston Hills Addition and Kearny Mesa. The only un- Florida and Switzer Canyons developed area with this soil contain the only large areas of type is the small mesa top west native vegetation still in ex- of the landfill. Florida and istence within the Park. Switzer Canyons soils are Figure 30 illustrates the characterized as ~edding cobbly Park's slope characteristics. loams, shallow soils over a hardpan with a moderate to high erosion hazard. Soils of the Huerheuero series cover the Golden Hill and Marston Point areas. These are moderately well-drained loams with a clay subsoil.

Visual Analysis

An analysis of the visual characteristics of Balboa Park was prepared. Figure 31 sum- marizes the results.

and was largely responsible for the planting of Palm Canyon, one of the Exposition's main attractions. Since the Exposition's organizers and The existing lush landscape designers wanted a finished ap- within Balboa Park is not a pearance to their work, natural occurrence. The 1,400 hundreds of mature trees and acres of Park land first deeded shrubs were donated and moved to the public in the year 1868, to Balboa Park by San Diego consisted of native mesas. residents from their own yards. These mesas contained plant communities of chaparral, coas- The Panama-California Exposi- tal sage scrub, scrub oak, and tion presented visitors with cactus. From these mesas, San one of the most impressive hor- Diego Bay, Point Loma, the ticultural displays ever seen Pacific Ocean and the Coronado on the Pacific Coast. Ap- Islands could be seen. proximately 2 million plants, of 1,200 varieties were planted The green park of today was earning the Exposition the achieved through the physical nickname "The Garden Fairo1. A labor, vision and commitment of spectacular feature of the 1915 the City of San Diego and its exposition was the giant lath citizens. Planted without house, now known as the Botani- benefit of a Master Plan, it cal Building which continues generally conformed to the to feature changing exhibits as "picturesquevv school of English well as permanent plantings. landscape design popular at the time. In 1935, another fair was held on the site, the California In 1902, the first Master Plan Pacific International Exposi- for the Park was completed by tion. More buildings and com- Samuel Parsons. Between 1903 plementary plantings were in- and 1909, large portions of the stalled, this time in the Parsons Plan were implemented, austere "moderneI1 style then creating winding paths and the vogue. Through it all, roads that augmented views, as Balboa Park continued to expand well as plantings that seemed its horticultural bounty. to be set out "by the hand of mother nature herselfw. The Over the years a number of panama-~alifornia Exposition of specialty gardens have been 1915, however, provided the added to Balboa Park. While a real incentive to complete the new Rose Garden and Cactus Gar- landscaping of Balboa Park. In den have been planted east of 1912 some 50,000 shrubs were Park Boulevard, what was at one planted and a number of lath time a formal garden behind the houses were constructed to con- Natural History Museum has been tain over 1.5 million plants almost completely shaded out by for use in the exposition. San a now enormous Moreton Bay Fig. Diego horticulturist Fred Bodey There are also a Camellia Gar- supervised much of this work den and a Gardenia Garden. A Cabrillo Canyon, particularly Japanese Friendship Garden is in the scout camp areas, on the planned. edges of the Marston Hills Ad- dition, and at the Field Arch- Alcazar Garden, still one of ery Range to either side of the Park" most popular seating Cabrillo Bridge. The archery areas, is very much the way it range also contains small looked when built in 1915. groves of Canary Island date palms (Phoenix canariensis) and Existins conditions fan palms (Washingtonia robusta). The remainder of The Sixth Avenue mesa has been the Central Mesa contains many landscaped since early in this horticultural plantings distin- century. Large open lawn areas guished by their stature, with multiple plantings of in- rarity, unique history and dividual trees and small groves educational value. To the east dominate the mesa top. The of the Organ Pavilion is Gold western slope of Cabrillo Gulch. This canyon is very Canyon is densely landscaped open, with little shrubbery or with large groves of introduced understory. Eucalyptus is trees such as coast redwood present on the western slope, (Sequoia Sempervirens), while the eastern slope is eucalyptus (Eucalyptus primarily open lawn. Groves citriodora), Torrey pine (Pinus of live oaks, large silk oaks torreyana), Canary Island pine (Grevillea robusta), sycamores (Pinus canariensis), coast live (Platanus) and elm (Ulmus sp.) oak (Quercus agrifolia), Mon- are found in the canyon as well terey cypress (Cypresses as scattered California Pep- macrocarpa), and Deodar cedar pers, Brazilian pepper trees (Cedrus deodora). Some pockets (Schinus terebinthifolius), of native vegetation remain on acacias and Australian tea a few of the slopes along the trees. To the north of the freeway, and native bushes such Natural History Museum, a as toyon (Heteromeles single magnificent specimen of arbutifolia), lemonadeberry Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macro- (Rhus integrifolia), and laurel phylla) stands in an area of' sumac (Rhus laurina) form parts open lawn. of the understory of several tree groves on the freeway The area leased by the San slopes. More detailed informa- Diego Zoo contains over 50,000 tion on the biological plant species and their plant resources in this and the other collection is reputedly of an areas of the Park is given in even greater value .than their the horticultural inventory zoological collection. As in section of this report. most of the landscaped areas of the Park, many species remain The Central Mesa area is also unidentified. predominantly.traditionally landscaped. Eucalyptus trees Florida Canyon is the largest are the principal species found remaining stand of native along the eastern slopes of vegetation within Balboa Park. Aside from a system of trails on the eastern slopes of the established for educational 26th Street Canyon, just west forays into the canyon from the of Golf Course Drive. Natural History Museum and others developed by children A number of high-interest plant and transients, occasional fire and animal species were found scars, and its bisection by associated with these areas of Florida Drive, the area remains native vegetation. Snake relatively undisturbed. The cholla (Opuntia parryi var. Florida Canyon Master Plan serpentina) is considered rare (Steve Halsey Associates, 1976) and endangered in california describes the vegetation and and elsewhere in the California wildlife of the canyon, and a Native Plant Society (SNPS). compilation of the plants ob- Small patches of the species served by the Florida appear in Florida Canyon, in a Canyoneers (affiliated with the recently burned area of a Natural History Museum) is finger canyon of the east slope presented in the horticultural and on the west slope down from inventory of this report. The the intersection of Zoo Place predominant vegetative cover and Park Boulevard; these consists of southern coastal populations appear to be sage scrub typified by coastal hybrids. Several sizable sagebrush (Artemisia populations of non-hybrid snake californica), black sage cholla are found throughout the (Salvia apiana), wild buckwheat coastal sage scrub vegetation (Eriogonum fasciculatum) and in Switzer Canyon, located on broom baccharis (Baccharis the point of the slope between sarothroides). Chaparral the 13th and 16th greens, and vegetation is found on the mesa on the slopes between the 13th tops and in the tributary and 2nd greens and near the 3rd canyons east of Florida Drive, green. In addition, Switzer consisting of chamois Canyon contains an unusually (Adenostoma fasciculatum), well-developed stand of Yucca (scrub oak (Quercus dumosa), schidigera (Moj ave yucca). mission manzanita (Xylococcus bicolor), coast white lilac Three species of plants con- (Ceanothus verrucosus) and sidered rare in California but laurel sumac. A poorly common elsewhere by the CNPS developed area of riparian were found in the native vegetation is present along the vegetation in Florida and Swit- main drainage of Florida zer Canyons: coast barrel cac- Canyon. A large section of na- tus (Ferocactus viridescens), tive vegetation is also found pygmy spike-moss (Selaginella in Switzer Canyon within the cinerascens), and coast white boundaries of the 18-hole golf lilac. A fourth, Palmer's course. The majority of this ericameria (Ericameria palmeri vegetation (60 to 70 percent) sp.. palmeri), was reportedly is chaparral, with the previously in the area since remainder coastal sage scrub. developed for the new Naval Native chaparral is also found Hospital (Steve Halsey As- sociates,. 1976) . Coast barrel cactus was found in small lawn areas with Eucalyptus populations east of Florida species. The area proposed for Drive, in a recently burned the new Park Nursery contains a canyon and in a small finger large grove of Melaleuca quin- canyon west of the park nurs- quenervia and a separate small ery. Over a hundred plants cluster of cork oak (Quercus were found between the 2nd and suber). The Grape Street pic- 3rd holes in Switzer Canyon. nic area is open park land, Pygmy spike-moss is common with eucalyptus as the prin- throughout the Florida Canyon cipal tree and native chaparral and on the south-facing slopes on the adjoining slopes. The of Switzer Canyon, again be- Golden Hill picnic area repre- tween the 12nd and 13th holes. sents, along with a portion of Coast white lilac is a common the Sixth Avenue area, the constituent of the chaparral in first developed landscaped area Florida and Switzer Canyons, in the Park. A variety of and on the east slope of the species are found on the slopes 26th Street Canyon. A species surrounding the lawn areas, in- of limited distribution, cluding bunya-bunya (Araucaria adder's-tongue fern bidwilli), Canary Island date (Ophioglossum lusitanicum ssp. palm, coast live oak, several californicum) was previously species of pine, eucalyptus and reported in a tributary canyon fig, Acacia, Leptospemum, west of the velodrome (Steve Casuarina, Pittosporum, Schinus Halsey Associates, 1976) . molle, and more. A number of declining animal Landscape Resources species found within coastal sage scrub habitat, though not In the two decades since the located during this study, may adoption of the Bartholomew occur on-site. These include Plan, large areas of what that two reptiles, The San Diego Plan describes as horned lizard (Phrynosoma "naturalisticw park land have coronatum blainvillei), the been developed on dry mesas and orange-throated whiptail landfill. Even with these (Cnemidophorus hyperthus great gains, at least 100 acres beldingi), and two birds, the of Balboa Park are undeveloped black-tailed gnatcatcher or partially developed today. (Polioptila melanura califor- nica) and the cactus wren Early landscape architects such (Campylorhynucus as Parsons, Olmstead, and Nolen brunneicapillus). all viewed the future of Balboa Park as a fully developed urban The East Mesa area is comprised park, a landscape in the 19th of the Morley Field sports com- century British tradition. plex; the unvegetated landfill they envisioned a landscape and temporary nursery areas; structured in one resp-ect as the golf courses; the Grape Japanese gardens to provide Street picnic area and the maximum use and enjoyment Golden Hill area. The Morley through a sort of exaggeration Field complex is primarily open of nature, to increase ef- ficiency of space and numbers naturalistic park concept as of users served. Areas of high Parsons or Olmstead could have rainfall such as England and planned. These areas sustain the American Northwest need the user capacity demanded of a only to clear vegetation under- central city park. story, introduce turf and a few false ruins or architectural A large area of canyon walls artifacts to establish a roman- still support the native tic vision typical of this im- vegetation of the Park. Though agery. The assignment to utilized by relatively few park create a similar setting with users these areas have ex- poor soils and rain fall under tremely high educational and 15 inches per year is quite interpretive value to in- another story, both economi- dividuals and the Natural His- cally and technically. tory Museum. But leaving aside expense and complexity, few argue that the BALBOA PARK PLANT INVENTORY concept does not make sense in terms of the highest and best An inventory of significant use for Balboa Park. It is plants in Balboa Park was com- perhaps partly due to sheer pleted in May of 1989. The in- contrast to the native canyons ventory was prepared in two and dry mesas that Balboa Park ways. A more detailed analysis is viewed with such high value. was prepared utilizing a matrix Without a doubt, this dimension of 100 foot by 100 foot grids of the Park's value can be at- across the park (see figure tributed to the botanical gar- 34). Specific species and den effect provided by the vast their respective quantities variety of species that lend were indicated. A more general interest and novelty. New massing inventory was also major native open space prepared (see figure 32). regional parks such as Los Penasquitos Canyon Preserve, Tecolote Canyon Natural Park and Mission Trails Regional Park provide the natural ex- perience and passive setting appropriate to low density sub- urban communities which sur- round them. But Balboa Park is a city park in every sense of the work and has been histori- cally intended to be such. The best landscape features and design of a city park are typified by the Sixth Avenue/Marston Point area. The variety of plantings, large turf areas, and varied topog- raphy are as close to the

Site Analysis Selmrnary

Figure 33 summarizes the over- all site opportunities and con- straints of Balboa Park.

CASSIA ARTWlSlOlDES BALBOA PARK RASTER PLAN CASTANOSPEW AUSTRALE PLANT LIST CASUARINA STRICTA .CATALPA SPECIOSA -NO. -PLANT CEDRUS ATLAWTI CA CEDRUS DEODARW 1 ACACIA HELANOXYLOW CERATOWIA SlLlPUA 2 ACALYPM UILKESIAN CERClS OCCIDENTALIS 3 ACCEOLORAPHE URIGHITII CHACWDOREA COSTARICANA 4 ACER PAXI 1 CHAHAEDOREA ELEMS 5 ACMENA SMITH1I CHACWDOREA TEPEJILOTE 6 ACROCARPUS FRAXINIFOLIUS CHAlrLAEROPS HWILIS 7 AGATHIS AUSTRALIS CHWRCPS HWlLlS VAR. WANA 8 AGATHIS ROBUSTA CHIRANTHODENDROW PENTADACTYLOM 9 AGAVE ATTENNUATA CHORlSlA INSIGNIS 10 AGONIS FLEKUOSA CHORlSlA SPECIOSA 11 AGOMIS JUNIPERA CHRYSALIDOCARPUS LUTESCEMS 12 ALECTRYON EXCELSW CINNAMCUW CAnPHORA 13 ALEURlTES WOLUCCANA COCCOTHRINAX ARGENTATA 14 ALOE ARBORESCENS COCCULUS LAURl FOLIUS 15 ALOE BAINESII COFFEA ARABICA 16 ARAUCARIA ANGUST I FOLIA CORDYLINE WSTRWLIS 17 ARAUCARIA ARAUCAMA COTONEASTER IACTEUS 18 ARAUCARIA BIDVILLI1 CRYPTOMERIA JAPONICA 19 ARAUCARI A COLUMNAR lS CUNNlNGHAMlA LANCEOLATA 20 ARAUCARIA WNNINGHAnll WNONlA CAPENSIS 21 ARAUCARIA HETEROPHYLLA WPANlOPSlS ANACARDlOlDES 22 ARBUTUS UNEDO WPHEA CYANEA 23 ARCHONTOPHOENIX WNNlNGHAMll WPRESSUS FUNEBRIS 24 ARAUCARIA HETEROPHYLLA WPRESSUS WADALUPENSIS 25 ARBUTUS UNEDO WPRESSUS MCROCARPA 26 ARCHONTOPHOENlX ALEXANDRAE WPRESSUS SEMPERVIRENS 27 ARCHONTOPHOENIX WNNINGHAMIANA CYCAS REVOLUTA 28 ARCHONTOPHOENIX GLAUCA DlSTICTlS BUCClNATORlA 29 ARECASTRLM ROMANZOFFIANUM DIZYGOTHECA ELEGANTISSIMA 30 ARECASTRLM X BUTIA DODONAEA VISWSA 31 ARENCA ENCLERI DOnBEYA RHOMBIFOLIA 32 ARENGA UNKNOW DOnBEYA ROTUNDIFOLIA 33 BAMBUSA OLDHAMll DOnBEYA UALLlCHll 34 BAMBUSA UNKNWN DRACAENA DRACO 35 BAUHINIA. BLAKEANA DURANTA REPENS 36 BAUHINIA PUNCTATA ERlOBOTRYA DEFLEXA 37 BAUHlNIA VARlECATA ERYTHRINA CAFFRA 38 BEAUCARNEA RECURVATA ERYTHRINA CORALLOIDES 39 BlSCHOFlA JAVANlCA ERYTHRINA CRISTA-GALL1 40 BWGAINVILLEA ERYTHRINA FALCATA 4 1 BRACHYCHITON ACERIFOLIUS ERYTHRINA HUHEANA 42 BRACHYCHITON DISWLOR ERYTHRINA PLEBOCARPA 43 BRACHYCHITON POPULNEO-ACERIFOLIUS EUCALYPTUS CALEYI 44 BRACHYCHITON POPULNEUS EUCALYPTUS CAnALDULENSIS 45 BRACHYCHITON RUPESTRIS EUCALYPTUS CITRIWORA 46 BRACHYCHITON TRICHOSIPHON EUCALYPTUS CIADOCALYX 47 BRAHEA ARMATA EUCALYPTUS CORNUTA 48 BRAHEA BRANDEGEEl EUCALYPTUS DIVERSIWLOR 49 BRAHEA EDULIS EUCALYPTUS FlClFOLIA 50 BRASSAIA ACTINOPHYLLA EUCALYPTUS GOMPHOCEPHALA 5 1 BUTIA CAPITATA EUCALYPTUS GRANDIS 52 CAESALPINIA GILLIESII EUCALYPTUS LEHMNNII 53 CAESALPINlA SPINOSA EUCALYPTUS MELLIODORA 54 CALLlANDRA HAEMATOCEPHALA EUCALYPTUS POLYANTHEWOS 55 CALLlANDRA TEED11 EUCALYPTUS ROBUSTA 56 CALLISTEWN CITRINUS EUCALYPTUS RWIS 57 CALLISTEWN SALIGNUS EUCALYPTUS SIDEROXYLOW 58 CALLISTEWN VIUINALIS EUCALYPTUS STRICKIAWDI 59 CALLITRIS COLUMELLARIS EUCALYPTUS TORPUATA 60 CALLITRIS ROBUSTA EUCALYPTUS TIXWATAX 61 CALOCEDRUS DECURRENS EUCALYPTUS VIUINALIS 62 CALODENDRUH CAPENSE EUGENIA MIFLORA 63 CAMELLIA JAPOMlCA EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI 64 CARNEIGIEA GICANTEA FICUS BENJAMINA 65 CARYOTA UITlS FICUS ELASTICA 66 CARYOTA URENS FlCUS MCROPHYLLA FICUS MICROCARPA PIWUS PlNEA FICUS WSORENSIS PIWUS RADIATA ' FICUS NEKB

PLANTS

(2) 8 (5) 207; (1) 334 (4) 29; (1) in; (4) 207 (4) %; (2) 118; (1) 328; (1) 334 (3) 118; (1) 127; (2) 223 (4) 147; (1) 326 (2) 334 (1) %; (1) 207: (1) 3i4 (5) 11s (2) 71; (4) in; (2) 326 (1) 1: (2) 71: (1) 163: (10) 172 (10) 179 (3) 179 (5) 179 (2) 116; (1) 201 (3) 116; (1) 313 (2) 116; (1) 169; (1) 234 (2) 116; (3) 2% (4) 284; (2) 118; (1) 169; (1) 201; (2) 256 (2) 70; (1) 169; (1) 219; (1) 256 (5) 116 (1) 21; (3) 116; (1) 171 (5) 72 (4) 72 (3) 169 (2) 169 (7) 117 (8) 117 (3) 117; (2) 211 (5) 115; (1) 125 (2) 277 (2) 277; (2) 246 (2) 210; (1) 272 (1 97; (3) 210; (4) 246; 249; 215 249; 215 249; 215 249; 215 249; 215 249; 215 (2) 178; (8) 219 (1) 185; (3) 245 (2) 84; (1) 127 (1) 12; (4) 88; (1) 203; (5) 225; (2) 228; (3) 240 (4) 118; (3) 201; (4) 227 (3) 118; (5) 227 (2) 118; (1) 201; (2) 245 (8) 118 (14) 179; (1) 245 (1) 126 (4) 18; (2) 221 (2) 136 (2) 93; (5) 115 (2) 115; (1) 350 (2) 160; (1) 233 (1) 107 (2) 115; (2) 245 (1) 115 (3) 234; (1) 245 (18) 72 (12) 72 (5) 72 (20) 72 (2) tP (1) 72; (3) 245 (10) 117 (8) 117 Eucalyptus Groves Eucalwtus Groves ~ucalyptusGroves (2) 277 (4) 23 (20) 72 (20) 72 (8) 172; (2) 245; 72 (2) 169; (2) 245; 272; 72 Schins sp.; Pi- sp. (2) 29; Schirus sp.; Pi- sp. Schins sp.; Pinus sp. 193 193 193 Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves (2) 126; (1) 21; (1) 97; (1) 219 (1) 20; (2) 21; (1) 58; (1) 97; (1) 163; (1)326; (1) 222; (2) 246; Native Plant Areas (4) 281; (1) 211; Native Plant Areas (2) 313; (2) 173; 249; 215; Native Plant Areas 249; 215; Native Plant Areas 249; 215; Native Plant Areas 249; 215 249; 215 249; 215 , (6) 172; (3) 174 (2) 174; (3) 186 (2) 152; (1) 245; 337; 47; 49; 271 337; 47; 49; 271 (4) 49; (3) 126; (8) 126; (1) 129; (2) 167; (1) 253 (2) 90; (1) 215; (1) 253 (10) 227 (2) 118; (6) 227 (1) 117; (1) 263 (4) 82 (2) 12; (2) 82; Native Plant Areas (1) 12; (1) 82; Native Plant Areas (1) 126; (1) 147; (2) 234; Native Plant Areas (3) 118; (2) 2%; Native Plant Areas (2) 207; (9) 209; (3) 212; 233 (8) 207; (4) 214; 233 72 (10) 72 (8) 72 (10) 72 72 72 Schirus sp.; Pinus sp. Schirus sp.; Pinus sp. Schirus sp.; Pinus sp. 193 193 193 234 234 234 Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves ~ucalyptusGrows Eucalyptus Groves 215 215 21 5 21 5 215 M7 207 Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas; 249; 215 Native Plant Areas; 249; 215 Native Plant Areas; 249; 215 249; 215 249; 215 (2) 1; (10) 249 (5) 234; 233 (12) 48; (10) 49; (3) 337; 47; 49; 271 337; 47; 49; 271 (1) 126; (1) 167 (5) 227; (2) 247 (4) 1; (1) 126; (6) 172; (1) 247 (1) 219; (3) 227 Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas (2) 118; (3) 126; Native Plant Areas (3) 118; (4) 126; (1) 129; (1) 147; (1) 311; Native Plant Areas 233 233 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 193 193 193 Euca lyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Grows Eucalyptus Grows Eucalyptus Groves 215 215 215 21 5 21 5 207 207 Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas 233 233 233 Eucalyptus Groves; nixed Broadleaf Eucalyptus Groves; Mixed Broadleaf Eucalyptus Groves; Hixed Broadleaf Eucalyptus Groves; 0 nixed Brwdleaf (2) 172 (3) 308 (2) 163 (5) 163 (4) 12; (1) 82 (5) 12; (1) 82; Native Plant Areas (1) 12; (3) 8; Wative Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Euca Lpytus Groves 233 233 233 Euca lyptus Groves; mix& brodleaf Eucalyptus Groves; mixed broedleaf Eucalyptus Groves; mixed broadleaf Eucalpytus Groves; mixed broadleaf Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves; mixed brodleaf Eucalpytus Groves; mixed broedleaf Eucalpytus Groves; mixed broadleaf Eucalyptus Groves; mixed broadleaf Wative Plant Areas Wative Plant Areas Wative Plant Areas 126 126 Native Plant Areas Wative Plant Areas Hative Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas 126 126 (2) 118 (4) 118; (1) 125 (4) 118; (3) 129 Euca Lyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Euca lyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves (4) 118 (3) 118 (1) 34; (10) 118; (2) 211; (2) 222 (2) 211 Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves (2) 118; (1) 125 (3) 118; (1) 222 (3) 118 (1) 141; (2) 163; LIIIaM TREE ? (2) 171 (2) 118; (2) 211; (2) 328 (3) 211 Eucalyptus Grows Euce lyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves . Ewalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Grows Eucelyptus Groves Eucalyptus Grows Eucalyptus Grows Eucalyptus Grows (4) 29; (5) ao (6) 118 (1) 29; (3) 48; (1) 58; (2) 201; (3) 271 (3) 29; (4) 118; (2) 230 (1) 139; (1) 316 (1) 140; (1) 222 (12) 98

i3j 211- (2) 211 Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Grows Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Grows Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves (2) 29; (2) 118 (4) 118 (2) 118 (1) 273; (3) 118; (1) 201 (1) 44; (1) 78; (4) 106; (1) 149; (2) 219; (2) 256 (1) 139 (1) 118 (1) 118 (1) 118 (3) 211 Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Grows Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Grows Eucalyptus Grows Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucslyptus Grows (3) 1; (3) 275; (2) 14; (3) 106; (5) 118; (1) 154 (2) 106; (1) 118; (1) 124; (5) 322; (1) 219 (3) 9; (3) 14; (3) 276; (2) 49; (7) 106; (1) 201; (1) 337; (3) 14; (1) 38; (5) 78; (4) 106; (1) 118; (1) 201 (1) 275; (3) 14; (2) 15; (4) 78; (1) 106; (1) 203; (2) 207 (1) 14; (5) 48; (4) 78; (1) 207 (1) 139 (4) 29; (2) 49; (6) 78; (1) 167; (1) 201; (1) 202; (1) 203 (2) 279; (4) 36; (5) 37; (2) 118 (2) 118; (20) 191; (1) 201 (5) 58; (4) 211; (1) 245; (1) 246 Eucalyptus Groves Eucelyptus Groves Eucelyptus Groves Eucelyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Ewelyptus Groves; 271 ~ucalyptusGroves Eucalyptus Groves ., Ewelyptus Groves Eucelyptus Groves Eucelyptus Groves (8) 1; (20)118 (1) 201 (6) 118; (2) 218 (11) 23; (6) 29; (7) 48; (2) 88 (7) 29; (2) 88; (1) 337 (3) 29; (2) 49; (3) 78; (1) 167 (1) 126; (1) 211 (5) 118; (1) 211 Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucelyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves; () 271 Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves Eucalyptus Groves (15) 1; (5) 118 (1) 12; (1) 88; (1) 118; (1) 163; (1) 171; (1) 193; (1) 207; (1) 328 (1) 6; (1) 118; (1) 171; (8) 181; (3) 218 (1) 222 (1) 29; (1) 187; (1) 222 (2) 88 (2) 125; (1) 245 (3) 209 (4) 24; (1) 142; (2) 145; (2) 311 (8) 183; (2) 211 (3) 118 (1) 118; (1) 170 (12) 1; (8) 118; (1) 243 (1) 160; (1) 174; (1) 193; (3) 202; (1) 233 (1) 72; (1) 126; (2) 171; (5) 207 (7) 29; (2) 222 (2) 222 (1) 105; (1) 222 (3) 118; (2) 207 (1) 62; (1) 141; (3) 219; (1) 256 (2) 129; (1) 141 (4) 126; (2) 141 (1) 126; (5) 183; (15) 191; (2) 246 . (2) 311 (2) 118 (3) 118; (5) 180 (2) 25; (5) 118 (3) 25; (12) 63; (1) 162 (2) 153 153 (8) 1; (5) 118; (1) 152; (1) 167; (1) 203 (1) 29; (1) 88; (1) 163; (2) 167; (1) 333 (1) 18; (1) 88; (3) 162; (1) 203; (1) 333 (1) 222 (18) 29; (1) 88; (2) 222; (11) 244 (1) 105; (1) 86; (20) 259 (1) 62; (1) 285; (1) 141; (2) 312; (2) 321 (1) 10 (1) 118 (1) 62 8 N .-n V .- N u a N In N N P) n n n m V -Y M, .- .. .- F 3: In0. 2 In n - - n -In - n n InY -Y N 5 - - Y =t, . - .a .. Y .- .rN hrDO h .. UN- gs Uh $ E"0. -PI- - .- - - nZ2 is5n nnn nn n - n -PIP) --In -C n 2- n YYY CCY VV -V -V h nc w - .. .- .-V .-a u ..a ..a OO ..h A- N 3zz --a NNOON z iE3 3zsz hIn- - n - n nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnn nnn nnnn -m n nnnn nnnnnn annn --NPINP)~-cON--CUO CCCN -CNC u.-u hCNPI CC .-40- YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 2N,2 YYYYS'CN, YYYY YVY YYYY YYccc'", YYYY ~WWWWW~WW-J-J-~-J-J-J-J-J-JK~~~K~KKKKKK~~~~~~EEF~~~~~~~~~~EEEHEHEHH#K#K####YYYYYYYYY~~~~~ ~~--o%gy~2%%sgzgsy!gN"‘f2!~gE~gEz~2gz~y!gN"z~gag:gsgg~za~~~s~~~~asg~sgg~~~~~$mmmww

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(2) 308; (3) 1M (8) 308; (5) 209; () 233 233 233 233 (8) 118; (1) 125; (5) 126 (3) 125; (1) 199 (7) 125; (1) 199 (5) 125 (4) 118 (6) 118 (2) 120 (12) 308; (5) 209; 233 (1) 138; 233 (1) M7; (1) 209 (4) 84 (20) 118 (2) 125; (1) 199 (3) 125; (1) 199 (3) 116; (2) 118 (15) 116 (7) 116; (3) 120 233 233 233 233 (1) 219 (1) 245 (23) 118 Eucalyptus groves (1 ) 222; (4) 254 (1) 299; (3) 254 (15) 116 233; (5) 116; 233 233 233 233 (30) 118 (1) 344; (3) 204; (5) 255 (1) 1; (1) 234 (8) 116 (5) 116 233 nhhh no0 'BNNGZGGGZ *-ANN -ANN uqZB2z2 WWWYYYYYY YYYY YYY WwNWOww Y Y 4-4 N -4 ==%%%L EEE -N N4 0.0.1. '. 1.1. 0)W - *.? VI- -0. Ahhh h " .!' -' -0.­W E h YYYY Y E Y VI N W 4 N NNE -.?! 2-F E S n h N E Y Y N N EVI .!! (5) 116 Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Wative Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas (3) 118; (1) 147 (20) 118 (1) 129 (9) 125 (4) 125 (3) 118 Native Plant Areas Wative Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Wative Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas Native Plant Areas 245

(R-90-72 REV. 1)

RESOLUTION NUMBER R-274090

ADOPTED ON JULY 25, 1989

WHEREAS, the Council of The City of San Diego approved in

concept the Balboa Park Master Plan/Community Plan in September

1988; and

WHEREAS, the Planning Commission, the Historical Site Board

and the Park and Recreation Board subsequently reviewed and

approved the Balboa Park Master Plan/Community Plan subject to modification; and

WHEREAS, the City Manager by Report No. 89-364 has

recommended the adoption of the Balboa Park Master Plan/Community

Plan, with certain modifications; NOW, THEREFORE,

BE IT RESOLVED, by the Council of The City of San Diego, that the Balboa Park Master Plan/Community Plan, a copy of which is on

file in the office of the City Clerk as Document No.

RR- 274030-( be and the same is hereby adopted, together with those modifications included in City Manager Report No. 89-364, a copy of which is also on file in the office of the City Clerk as Document No. RR-27'4090-2

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City Manager and the City

Planning Director are hereby directed to take the necessary steps to cause the incorporation of the Balboa Park Master Plan/

Community Plan into the Progress Guide and General Plan, and

Balboa Park into an Open Space Zone (OS-R) designation. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the expenditure of an amount not to exceed $100,000 from the Balboa Park Improvement Fund No.

102242 is hereby authorized, solely and exclusively for purposes of obtaining consultant services for preparation of the Precise

Plans.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the City Manager is hereby directed to accomplish or effect the following additional issues respecting the Balboa Park Master Plan: 1. Develop the precise plans for the Prado and Palisades areas of the Balboa Park as one (1) comprehensive plan;

2. Develop the planning for Inspiration Point, the Central

Operations Station, the Arizona Landfill, and the East Mesa area simultaneously with the Prado and Palisades Precise Plan;

3. Ensure each precise plan contains a specific security element to be prepared in cooperation with the Police Department;

4. Make recommendations regarding a site within the Balboa

Park in response to a request by "World Beat Productions," consistent with the Master Plan;

5. Transfer from Phase I11 to Phase I the sum of $500,000, currently designated for development of the northeast corner of the park, within budget constraints;

6. Make changes to the Balboa Park Master Plan/Community

Plan on page 10 under that portion designated "Water Reclamation" to read as follows:

Delete the sentence "If Balboa Park is

determined to be a feasible and desirable location for a water reclamation facility, that facility

should be sized to provide reclaimed water only for

use within the park.#,'and substitute the following

language: "However, Balboa Park is not a desirable

location for water reclamation facilities since priority has been given to maintaining the park in

open space. Any water reclamation facilities shall

be placed external to the park site" ; 7. Include a further review for equestrian activity and utilization within the Balboa Park Master Plan.

APPROVED: JOHN W. WITT, City Attorney

~hutyCity Attorney \ a RH:mb:skq 07/07/89 08/15/89 REV. 1 Or.Dept:Pk.& Rec Aud.Cert:9000073 R-90-72 Form=r. none The City of San Diego

CERTIFICAT&8EqF;cYLLC Art AUDITOR AND COMPTROLLER -- CITY rr rp9,- CERT&.ICATEQF UNALLOTTED BALANCE AC 9000073 73.1 ORlGlNITlNG 44 1 89 37 ~8 OEPT. NO: I HEREBY CERTIFY that the mo required for the allotment ol funds for the purpose set # ,Q c:-.7.? forth in the foregoing resolu bn4$av&,bble.-.,. in theTreasury, or is anticipated to come into theTreasur);, and is otherwise unallotted. Amount $ 1001OOO.OO . . Fund 102242 purpose Authorizing all of the Following: Adoption of the Balboa Park Master Plan/Commun- ity Plan ; Amendment of the Progress Guide and General PPan.to:reflect the adop- tion of preceding: and, authorizing the expenditure of funds from the Balboa Park Improvement Fund(102242) to obtain consultant services for preparation of Precise 'Plans. Date July 07 , 1989 By: &W*W

V 1 ACCOUNTING DATA I

ACCTG. 0.0. ACCOUNT BENFiE;Ul? FACILIIY AMCUNT LINE FUND OEPT I oi~Fa ( ( 1 102242 9162 692 1 4222 069001 1 ( $100,000.00 I I I I I I I

FUND OVEilRlDE 3 CERTIFICATIOX OF UNEKCUiLlBERED BXLLXCE I HEREBY CERTIFY that the indebtedness and obligation to be incurred by the conuzct or agreement authorized by the hereto attached resolution, can be incurred ~s.ithoutthe violation of any of the provisions of the Charter of the City of San Diego; and I do hereby Eurther certify, in conformity 1%-iththe requirements of the Charter of the City of San Diego, that sufficient moneys have been appropriated for the purpose of said contract, that sufficient moneys to meet the obligations of said contract are actually in the Treasury, or are anticipated to come into the Treasur)., to the credit of the appropriation from which the same are to be drawn, and that the said moneys now actually in the Treasury, together with the moneys anticipated to come into the Treasury, to the credit of said appropriation, are othenvise unencumbered.

Not to Exceed .$ Vendor Purpose

Date , 19- By: AUDITOR AND COMPTROLLER'S DEPARTMENT

I ACCOUNTING DATA I

AC-361 (REV2-86] FUND OVEilillDE E NOTE:**CONTINGENT UPON OPT1 N F FY '90 APPROPRIATIONS ORDINA,UCE** 9000073 JN2 9 1989 & 274090 AC Passed and adopted by the Council of The City of San Diego on ...... JUL -...... 2 5 1989 , by Lhe following vote:

Council hlembers Yeas Nays Not Present Ineligible Abbe Wolisheimer a 0 Ron Roberts 0 0 Gloria hIcColl $ 0 H. \Ves Pra t t [7 Ed Suuikima 0 IT 0 J. Bruce Henderson El' 0 Judy hIcCarty ra' 0 0 Bob Filner B' hlayor Maureen O'Connor m 0

AUTHENTICATED BY: Mayor of The City of San Diego. Glifornia.

...... CHARLES G. MDELNOL'K , (Sm1) City Clerk of Thc City of San Diego. California.

Office of the City Clerk. San Diego. California

Resolutio 2 '5 b e Adopted ...... JUL i989 ----

CC1276 (Rev. 12-87) RESOLUTION NUMBER R-

ADOPTED ON

BE IT RESOLVED, by the Council of The City of San Diego, that

it be, and it is hereby certified, that the information contained

in the ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT EQD NO. 84-0595 on file in the

office of the City Clerk in connection with the Balboa Park . . Master Plan/Community Plan, has been completed in compliance with

the California Environmental Quality Act of 1970, as amended, and

the State guidelines thereto, and that said Report and Findings

and a Statement-of Overriding Considerations have been reviewed

and considered by this Council.

APPROVED: -JOHN W. WITT, City Attorney

BY , I \ 1- 7- ~ud~lfHradecky ' 7 ~e~utyCity ~ttorne~ I

RH : mb 07/07/89 0r.Dept:Pk.L Rec R-90-73 Form=r.eirs JUL 2 5 1989 Passed and adopted by the Council or The City or San Diego on ...... , by the following vote:

Council hiembers Yeas Nays Not Present Ineligible Abbe Wolfsheimer m Ron Roberts B Gloria McColl IT 0. H. Wes Pratt d 0 Ed Suuiksma w J. Bruce Henderson w Judy h1cCarty B Bob Filner Mayor Maureen O'Connor

AUTHENTICATED BY: ...... MAUREEN O'CONNOR hlayor or The City or San Diego, Calilomia.

."...... CHARLES G. ABDELNOUR , City Clerk or The City or San Diego, Calilornia.

By ...... Deputy.

Office of the City Clerk. San Diego,.Calllornia Crane, PhD Clare ItBalboa Park: San Diegofs Community Centerw Citizens Coordinate for Century I11 1977 Cristman, Florence "The Romance of Balboa Parkw San Diego His- torical Society 1985

Harland Bartholomew and Associates. (June 1960). "Master Plan For Balboa Parkv1.San Diego, California: Harland Bartholomew and As- sociates. McPhail, Elizabeth "Kate Sessions A Pioneer Horticulturistw San Diego Historical Society Montes, Gregory "Balboa Park, 1909-1911: "The Rise and Fall of the Olmsted Plan" The Journal of San Diego History, Vol. 27 Winter 1982 Montes, Gregory "Sari Diegofs City Park 1902-1910 from Parsons to Balboan1 The Journal of San Diego History, Vol. XXV Winter 1979 Pekarek Group, The. (1983). "Balboa Park Development and Manage- ment Plan". San Diego, California: The Pekarek Group. San Diego Historical Society Photo Archives/Ticor Collection U.S. Department of the Interior/National Park Service "Standards for Rehabilitation" U.S. Government Wallace Roberts and Todd. !!Bay Park Linev1. San Diego, Califor- nia: Wallace Roberts Todd. Wilbur Smith Associates. "Centre City and Balboa Park Parking Management Programv1.San Diego, California: Wilbur Smith As- sociates.