W. S. GILBERT A MID-VICTORIAN ARISTOPHANES BY EDITH HAMILTON & THE ENGLISH ARISTOPHANES BY WALTER SICHEL & A CLASSIC IN HUMOUR BY MAX BEERBOHM Edited 2011 by David Trutt Los Angeles, California, USA email:
[email protected] Web Site: www.haddon-hall.com 2 INTRODUCTION Included herein are two lengthy essays which seek to relate the Victorian comic playwright W. S. Gilbert to the Greek comic poet Aristophanes. Aristophanes lived from about 450 BC to 385 BC, mostly under the shadow of the Peloponnesian War between Greece and Sparta, which eventually led to the downfall of Greece. He was the most celebrated writer of what is known as Old Comedy and the only one whose plays have survived in more than fragmentary form. Aristophanes is credited with writing at least forty plays, of which eleven have survived to the present. One critic states that “Savoy opera captures some of Aristophanes’ mingling of topsy- turvy fantasy and tripping rhythm. But in sheer poetic invention Aristophanes’ lacks a real successor.” This critic considers Aristophanes a master satirist, but the two authors, Edith Hamilton and Walter Sichel make a distinction between satire and irony. They claim that the plays of Aristophanes and Gilbert were displays of masterful irony; further they claim that in this genre Gilbert is on the same high level as Aristophanes. As Sichel writes, “Both Aristophanes and Gilbert were pure ironists. Direct satire maps out the country which it invades, but irony is always on the confines of ambiguous territory. As we survey its inhabitants they seem to be in perpetual somersaults — and yet they are always standing on their feet.” AND “That is Gilbert’s irony.