Appendix A: Rating scales

Compiled by Waguih William IsHak, MD, FAPA

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017 599 W.W. IsHak (ed.), The Textbook of Clinical Sexual , DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-52539-6 600 Appendix A: Rating scales Summary table of selected scales and questionnaires

Level Questionnaire Target population Items Domains Published cutoff scores of evidence Selected sexual functioning scales and questionnaires Female Sexual Function Women—heterosexual 19 and 6 Sexual function, Available for pre- and A-1 Index (FSFI) [1] and homosexual including desire, postmenopausal women arousal, lubrication, and women with medical , satisfaction, and sexual disorders and pain Sexual Functioning Women—heterosexual 28 Desire, arousal, Available B-3 Questionnaire (SFQ) [2, 3] and sexually active during orgasm, pain, past 4 weeks enjoyment, and partner relationship Female Sexual Distress Women—pre- and 13 and 1 Distress about sexual Available A-1 Scale–Revised (FSDS-R) [4] postmenopausal life dissatisfied with their sexual function Sexual Interest and Desire Women—premenopausal 15 Hypoactive sexual Available on women B-2 Inventory (SIDI) [5–7] with low desire desire disorder with no disorder International Index of Men from community and 10 and 5 Erectile function, Available A-1 Erectile Function (IIEF) medical populations orgasmic function, [8–10] sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction Male Sexual Health Men—middle age or 25 and 4 Ejaculation, erection, Available B-2 Questionnaire (MSHQ) [11] aging with urogenital and sexual satisfaction symptoms of LUTS and Men 4 Satisfaction with sexual Not available B-2 Profile (PEP) [12] intercourse, control over ejaculation, ejaculation-related distress, and interpersonal difficulty Index of Premature Men Control, sexual Available B-2 Ejaculation (IPE) [13] satisfaction, and distress Sexual function questionnaires for specific patient populations PROMIS Sexual Function Patients with cancer 79 Interest in sexual Available A-1 and Satisfaction (SexFS) activity, lubrication, [14, 15] vaginal discomfort, erectile function, global satisfaction with sex life, orgasm, anal discomfort, therapeutic aids, sexual activities, interfering factors, and screener questions European Organization for Patients with cancer 30 Quality of life and Available A-2 Research and Treatment of sexual function Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 [16]; also -­specific modules such as prostate cancer [17] Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy Patients with MS 19 and 15 Primary, secondary, Not available B-1 and Sexuality Questionnaire and tertiary sexual (MSISQ-­19) [18] dysfunction (continued) Appendix A: Rating scales 601

(continued)

Level Questionnaire Target population Items Domains Published cutoff scores of evidence Peyronie’s disease [19–21] Men—Peyronie’s disease 15 Psychological and Not available A-1 physical symptoms, Peyronie’s symptom bother, and penile pain Pelvic Organ Prolapse/ Women—pelvic organ 31 and 12 Behavioral and Not available B-2 Urinary Incontinence prolapse, urinary emotive, physical, and Sexual Questionnaire incontinence, fecal partner related (PISQ) [22] incontinence Spinal Cord Injury Patients with spinal cord 16 Secondary conditions Not available C-3 Secondary Conditions injury and dissatisfaction with Scale (SCI-SCS) [23] sexual function Antipsychotics and Sexual Patients under 11 + 3 for men Sexual functioning Not available C-1 Functioning Questionnaire antipsychotic and 5 for (ASFQ) [24, 25] women, semistructured interview Female Genital Self-Image Female or male genital 4 women, 5 Feelings and beliefs Not available A-1 Scale (FGSIS) and Male self-image on sexual male about own genitals Genital Self-Image Scale function and behavior (MGSIS) [26, 27] Penile Dysmorphic Men 9 Penile dysmorphic Available B-2 Disorder Scale [28] disorder Treatment outcome and sexual quality-of-life scales Men with ED and their 29 Treatment satisfaction Not available A-1 Inventory for Treatment partners (men) and partner and Satisfaction (EDITS) satisfaction (women) [29–31] Treatment Satisfaction Men with ED and their 40 (all modules Satisfaction with Not available A-2 Scale [32] partner together) medication, ease with erection, satisfaction with erectile function, pleasure from sexual activity, satisfaction with orgasm, and either sexual confidence (for patients) or confidence in completion (for partners) Self-Esteem and Men with ED 14 Self-esteem, Not available A-1 Relationship Scale confidence, and (SEAR) [33] relationships Psychological and Men >65 year old 23 Sexual confidence, Not available B-1 Interpersonal Relationship spontaneity, time Scale (PAIRS) [34] concerns, relative to treatment Sexual Quality of Life for Men with ED or PE and 11 and 18 Sexual confidence, Not available C-2 men (SQOL-M) and women with HSDD or emotional well-­being, women (SQOL-F) [35] FSAD and relationship issues

ED erectile dysfunction, FSAD female disorder, SE, Lonnee-Hoffmann RA, Dennerstein L, Rosen RC. Diagnosing HSDD hypoactive sexual desire disorder, LUTS lower urinary Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women: Sexual History Taking tract symptoms, MS multiple sclerosis, PE premature ejaculation. and the Role of Symptom Scales and Questionnaires. J Sex Med. [Reprinted from Hatzichristou D, Kirana PS, Banner L, Althof 2016;13(8): 1166–82 with permission from Elsevier] 602 Appendix A: Rating scales NIH PROMIS Measures

© 2008–2017 PROMIS Health Organization and PROMIS Cooperative Group. Reprinted with permission Appendix A: Rating scales 603

© 2008–2017 PROMIS Health Organization and PROMIS Cooperative Group. Reprinted with permission 604 Appendix A: Rating scales

© 2008–2017 PROMIS Health Organization and PROMIS Cooperative Group. Reprinted with permission Appendix A: Rating scales 605

© 2008–2017 PROMIS Health Organization and PROMIS Cooperative Group. Reprinted with permission References

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Psychometric evaluation questionnaire as a screening tool for women with sexual dysfunc- of the EORTC QLQ-PR25 questionnaire in assessing health-related tion. J Sex Med. 2005;2:469–77. quality of life in prostate cancer survivors: a curate’s egg. Qual Life 4. Derogatis LR, Rosen R, Leiblum S, et al. The Female Sexual Res. 2015;24:2219–30. Distress Scale (FSDS): initial validation of a standardized scale for 18. Sanders A, Foley F, Larocca N, et al. The Multiple Sclerosis assessment of sexually related personal distress in women. J Sex Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire-19 (MSISQ-19). Sex Disabil. Marital Ther. 2002;28:317–30. 2000;18:3–26. 5. Sills T, Wunderlich G, Pyke R, et al. The Sexual Interest and Desire 19. Hellstrom WJ, Feldman R, Rosen RC, et al. Bother and distress Inventory-Female (SIDI-F): item response analyses of data from associated with Peyronie’s disease: validation of the Peyronie’s dis- women diagnosed with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. J Sex ease questionnaire. J Urol. 2013;190:627–34. Med. 2005;2:801–18. 20. Coyne KS, Currie BM, Thompson CL, et al. Responsiveness of the 6. Clayton AH, Segraves RT, Leiblum S, et al. Reliability and validity Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ). J Sex Med. of the Sexual Interest and Desire Inventory-Female (SIDI-F), a scale 2015;12:1072–9. designed to measure severity of female hypoactive sexual desire dis- 21. Coyne KS, Currie BM, Thompson CL, et al. The test-retest reliability order. J Sex Marital Ther. 2006;32:115–35. of the Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire. J Sex Med. 2015;12:543–8. 7. Clayton AH, Goldmeier D, Nappi RE, et al. Validation of the sexual 22. Rogers RG, Kammerer-Doak D, Villarreal A, et al. A new instru- interest and desire inventory-female in hypoactive sexual desire dis- ment to measure sexual function in women with urinary inconti- order. J Sex Med. 2010;7:3918–28. nence or pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 8. Rosen RC, Riley A, Wagner G, et al. The International Index of 2001;184:552–8. Erectile Function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of 23. Kalpakjian CZ, Scelza WM, Forchheimer MB, et al. Preliminary erectile dysfunction. Urology. 1997;49:822–30. reliability and validity of a Spinal Cord Injury Secondary Conditions 9. Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Gendrano III N. The International Index Scale. J Spinal Cord Med. 2007;30:131–9. of Erectile Function (IIEF): a state-of-the-science review. Int 24. De Boer MK, Castelein S, Bous J, et al. The Antipsychotics and J Impot Res. 2002;14:226–44. Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (ASFQ): preliminary evidence 10. Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Smith MD, et al. Development and evalu- for reliability and validity. Schizophr Res. 2013;150:410–5. ation of an abridged, 5-item version of the International Index of 25. De Boer MK, Castelein S, Wiersma D, et al. A systematic review of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunc- instruments to measure sexual functioning in patients using antipsy- tion. Int J Impot Res. 1999;11:319–26. chotics. J Sex Res. 2014;51:383–9. 11. Rosen RC, Catania J, Pollack L, et al. Male Sexual Health 26. Herbenick D, Reece M. Development and validation of the female Questionnaire (MSHQ): scale development and psychometric vali- genital self-image scale. J Sex Med. 2010;7:1822–30. dation. Urology. 2004;64:777–82. 27. Herbenick D, Schick V, Reece M, et al. The Female Genital Self-­ 12. Patrick D, Giuliano F, Ho K, et al. The Premature Ejaculation Image Scale (FGSIS): results from a nationally representative prob- Profile: validation of self-reported outcome measures for research ability sample of women in the United States. J Sex Med. and practice. BJU Int. 2009;103:358–64. 2011;8:158–66. 13. Althof S, Rosen R, Symonds T, et al. Development and validation of a 28. Veale D, Miles S, Read J, et al. Penile dysmorphic disorder: devel- new questionnaire to assess sexual satisfaction, control, and distress opment of a screening scale. Arch Sex Behav. 2015;44:2311–21. associated with premature ejaculation. J Sex Med. 2006;3:465–75. 29. Lewis R, Bennett CJ, Borkon WD, et al. Patient and partner satis- 14. Flynn KE, Lin L, Cyranowski JM, et al. Development of the NIH faction with Viagra ( citrate) treatment as determined by PROMIS (R) Sexual Function and Satisfaction measures in patients the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction with cancer. J Sex Med. 2013;10(Suppl. 1):43–52. Questionnaire. Urology. 2001;57:960–5.

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017 607 W.W. IsHak (ed.), The Textbook of Clinical , DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-52539-6 608 References

30. Cappelleri JC, Althof SE, Siegel RL, et al. Association between the 33. Cappelleri JC, Althof SE, Siegel RL, et al. Development and valida- Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction and the tion of the Self-Esteem And Relationship (SEAR) questionnaire in Self-Esteem and Relationship Questionnaire following treatment erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2004;16:30–8. with sildenafil citrate for men with erectile dysfunction. Value 34. Sharlip ID, Shumaker BP, Hakim LS, et al. Tadalafil is efficacious Health. 2005;8(Suppl. 1):S54–60. and well tolerated in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in 31. Fugl-Meyer A, Althof S, Buvat J, et al. Aspects of sexual satisfac- men over 65 years of age: results from Multiple Observations in tion in men with erectile dysfunction: a factor analytic and logistic Men with ED in National Tadalafil Study in the United States. J Sex regression approach. J Sex Med. 2009;6:232–42. Med. 2008;5:716–25. 32. Rosen R, Goldstein I, Huang XY, et al. The Treatment Satisfaction 35. Symonds T, Boolell M, Quirk F. Development of a questionnaire on Scale (TSS) is a sensitive measure of treatment effectiveness for sexual quality of life in women. J Sex Marital Ther. both patients and partners: results of a randomized controlled trial 2005;31:385–97. with vardenafil. J Sex Med. 2007;4:1009–21. Appendix B: Evaluation and Treatment Algorithms

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017 609 W.W. IsHak (ed.), The Textbook of Clinical Sexual Medicine, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-52539-6 610 Appendix B: Evaluation and Treatment Algorithms Diagnostic and Treatment Algorithm for Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women

Figure 1. Diagnostic and treatment algorithm for sexual dysfunction in men and women by the International Consultation of Sexual Medicine (ICSM-5). [Reprinted from Montorsi F, Adaikan G, Becher E, Giuliano F, Khoury S, Lue TF, et al. Summary of the recommen- dations on sexual dysfunctions in men. J Sex Med. 2010;7(11): 3572–88 with permission from Elsevier]. Appendix B: Evaluation and Treatment Algorithms 611 Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD)

Figure 2. Male low sexual desire/interest. [Reprinted from Rubio-Aurioles E, Bivalacqua TJ. Standard operational procedures for low sexual desire in men. J Sex Med. 2013;10(1): 94–107 with permission from Elsevier]. 612 Appendix B: Evaluation and Treatment Algorithms Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder

Figure 3. Women’s circular sexual response cycle of Multiple reasons/ overlapping phases of incentives for motivates initiating or variable order by Rosemary agreeing to sex Basson. [Reprinted from Nonsexual rewards— Basson R, Brotto LA, Laan emotional intimacy Willingness to E, Redmond G, Utian well-being, lack of Spontaneous find/be receptive WH. Assessment and negative effects from “innate” management of women’s sexual avoidance desire sexual dysfunctions: problematic desire and Sexual Sexual stimuli arousal. J Sex Med. satisfaction with appropriate context 2005;2(3): 291–300 with +/- permission from Elsevier]. biological Arousal & Processed responsive Subjective desire arousal psychological Appendix B: Evaluation and Treatment Algorithms 613 Erectile Disorder

Figure 4. Treatment algorithm for erectile disorder. [Reprinted from Porst H, Burnett A, Brock G, Ghanem H, Giuliano F, Glina S, Hellstrom W, Martin-­Morales A, Salonia A, Sharlip I; ISSM Standards Committee for Sexual Medicine. SOP conservative (medical and mechanical) treatment of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2013;10(1): 130–71 with permission from Elsevier]. 614 Appendix B: Evaluation and Treatment Algorithms Female Orgasmic Disorder (FOD)

Figure 5. FOD and difficulty reaching orgasm in the context of partnered sex. [Reprinted from Rowland DL, Kolba TN. Understanding Orgasmic Difficulty in Women. J Sex Med. 2016;13(8): 1246–54 with permission from Elsevier]. Appendix B: Evaluation and Treatment Algorithms 615  (DE)

FAILURE OF EMISSION DELAYED EJACULATION •Neurogenic ANEJACULATION •Metabolic •Drug adverse effect Disease-specific management

NEVER INHIBITED MALE ORGASM Psychosexual therapy

INHIBITED MALE ORGASM Nocturnal/masturbation emissions Psychosexual therapy IS THERE ORGASM? SOMETIMES AGE-RELATED DEGENERATION Reassure/alter sexual technique

ALWAYS IS THERE EJACULATION?

YESNO

IS SPERM PRESENT IN URINE AFTER ORGASM?

NO YES Ejaculatory duct obstruction

ASPERMIA RETROGRADE Ejaculatory duct obstruction EJACULATION Reassure/educate Pharmacotherapy Surgery

Figure 6. Evaluation and treatment algorithm in DE. [Reprinted from Montorsi F, Adaikan G, Becher E, Giuliano F, Khoury S, Lue TF, et al. Summary of the recommendations on sexual dysfunctions in men. J Sex Med. 2010;7(11): 3572–88 with permission from Elsevier]. 616 Appendix B: Evaluation and Treatment Algorithms Premature (Early) Ejaculation (PE)

PATIENT/PARTNER HISTORY • Establish presenting complaint. PE-LIKE • IELT EJACULATION • Perceived degree of ejaculatory control DYSFUNCTION TREATMENT • Degree of patient/partner distress Reassurance • Onset and duration of PE NO • Psychosocial history Education • Medical history NATURAL Behavioral therapy • Physical examination VARIABLE PE

YES

PE

YES

MANAGE PE SECONDARY TO ED OR PRIMARY YES OTHER SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION CAUSE NO

ACQUIRED PE LIFELONG PE

TREATMENT TREATMENT Behavioral therapy PATIENT Pharmacotherapy Pharmacotherapy Behavioral therapy Combination treatment Combination treatment

ATTEMPT GRADUATED WITHDRAWAL OF DRUG THERAPY AFTER 6-8 WEEKS

Figure 7. Evaluation and treatment algorithm in PE. [Reprinted from Montorsi F, Adaikan G, Becher E, Giuliano F, Khoury S, Lue TF, et al. Summary of the recommendations on sexual dysfunctions in men. J Sex Med. 2010;7(11): 3572–88 with permission from Elsevier]. Appendix B: Evaluation and Treatment Algorithms 617 Genito-/Penetration Disorder (GPPPD)

Figure 8. Evaluation and treatment algorithm in female genital sexual pain. [Reprinted from Fugl-Meyer KS, Bohm-Starke N, Damsted Petersen C, Fugl-Meyer A, Parish S, Giraldi A. Standard operating procedures for female genital sexual pain. J Sex Med. 2013;10(1): 83–93 with permission from Elsevier]. Index

A Antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (CPA), 114 Ability issues, 85 Antiandrogens, 188, 361 Acetaminophen, 492–493 Antianxiety , 356 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), 34 Anticonvulsants, 490 Acupuncture, 311, 574–576 Antidepressants, 86, 234, 354–356, 481, 490 Addiction model, 359 Antiepileptic agents, 484 Addictive disorders, 516 Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), 490 Adenomyosis, 318 Antihypertensive drugs, 187, 188, 490 Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), 350 Antipsychotics, 86, 356, 490 Adolescents, 368 Antisocial (ASPD), 517 ADT. See Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) Anxiety disorders, 88, 511–512, 553 Aging, 82–83, 171, 204–205, 371 Aphrodisiacs, 579 Air embolism, 535 Apomorphine, 190, 265, 388, 389, 588 Alcohol, 87, 556–558 clinical studies, 388 Alexithymia, 260 receptor, 388 Al-Gorab procedure, 526 side effects Allodynia, 295 contraindications, 389 Alpha-1-adrenergic agonists, 264 dosing, 389 Alprostadil, 495, 496 reactions, 388 clinical studies, 387 ARBs. See Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) dosing, 387 Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), 214, 551 ED, 387 Aromatase inhibitors, 193 phase III clinical trials, 387 Aromatherapy, 579–580 side effects, 387 Arterial hypertension, 448 synthetic prostaglandin E1, 387 Arterial revascularization, 196 Amantadine, 264 Artificial/simulated sexual models, 39 American Academy of Neurology (AAN), 484 , 434 American Psychiatric Association (APA), 123, 124, 173, 255 Aspiration + adrenergic agonist, 527 American Sex Survey, 28 Asthma, 547 American Urology Association (AUA), 526 Atherosclerosis, 447, 448 Amphetamines, 265 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 509 Amputation, 487 spectrum disorder (ASD), 509 Anal intercourse, 32 Autonomic dysreflexia (AD), 494 Anal tears and perforation Autonomic nervous system, 489–490 clinical presentation, 531 Autosexual orientation, 260 diagnosis, 531 Avanafil, 190 epidemiology, 531 clinical studies, 390 prevention, 532 dosing, 390 prognosis, 532 on-demand treatment, 389 treatment, 531 side effects, 390 Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), 462 Ayurvedic medicine, 580 Androgen receptor (AR), 171 Androgens, 165 Andropause, 125 B Angina, 483 Bancroft’s model, 499 Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), 449–450 Barlow’s model, 243 Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), 449 Basson model, 83 Anodyspareunia, 438 BAY 41-2272, 193 (AN), 515 BAY 60-2770, 193 Anorgasmia, 221, 374 BAY 60-4552, 193 Antegrade (outward) ejaculation, 380 Beck Inventory (BDI), 557 Anterior fornix erogenous (AFE)/A-spot zone, 413 Behavioral therapy, 362

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017 619 W.W. IsHak (ed.), The Textbook of Clinical Sexual Medicine, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-52539-6 620 Index

Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale (BASIS), 554 neuromodulation, 320 Behavioural psychotherapy, 382–384 onabutilinum toxin A, 320 Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 84 PPS, 319 Beta-adrenergic receptor blocker therapy, 451 side effects, 319 Beta blockers, 350, 491 TCAs, 319 Bethanechol, 265 multidisciplinary approach, 319 Bibliotherapy, 415 neurological and myofascial pain, 321 Binge (BED), 516 Blood pressure medications, 86 Biofeedback, 309 (BDD), 512–513 Biological/somatic risk factors, 244, 377 Body image and sexual self-image Biological treatments assessment, 466 botulinum toxin, 342 intervention strategies, 466 combination therapies, 195 risk factors, 466 drugs, injection therapy, 340 Borderline personality disorder (BPD), 517 endocrine disorders, 341 Bowel management, 493 herbal treatment, 194 Brachytherapy, 489 hyperprolactinemia, 341 Breast cancer, 83 PDE-5Is, 340 Bremelanotide, 190, 588 Peyronie’s disease, 341 Bruce treadmill test, 483 premature ejaculation, 341 Bulbocavernosus reflex, 175, 178 pyrazolopyrimidinone, 194 (BN), 515–516 supplementation, 340 Bupropion, 166, 234, 588 vacuum erection devices, 340 aminoketone family, 390 , 342 antidepressant activity, 390 Viagra, 340 dosing, 391 Biomarkers, 584 DSM-IV criteria, 391 Biomedicine, 80–81 escitalopram, 391 Biopsychosocial (BPS) model, 13, 56, 87–89, 133, 134, 146, 147, 151 men and women, 391 biomedicine, 80 placebo-controlled clinical trials, 390 factors, 10 sexual activity, 391 female models, 43 side effects, 391 “mind–body” medicine, 79 Buproprion, 264 patient-centered care, 81 Buspirone, 264 physiological causes, 80 anxiety disorders, 391 psychological clinical studies, 391–392 anxiety, 88 dosing, 392 cognitions, 88 side effects, 392 depression, 88 issues, 87 sexual dysfunctions, 80, 81 C sexual health, 79 Cabergoline, 264 sociocultural (see Sociocultural factors) C-afferent receptors, 295 sociocultural environment, 80 Calcium channel antagonists, 450–451 Biopsychosocial assessment, 98–100 Cancer, 456, 457, 488–489 sexual disorders chemotherapy, 456 characterization, 99 ED (see Erectile dysfunction (ED)) couple-interviews, 100 hormonal therapy, 456 ICD-10 and DSM-5, 98 radiation therapy, 456 information levels, 100 sexual concerns (see Sexual concerns) symptoms, 99 sexual self-image, 467 Biopsychosocial treatment surgery, 456 diagnostics, 102 survivorship, 455 therapist, dual role, 102, 103 in women, 83 BioSante Pharmaceuticals, 588 Candida albicans, 296 Biothesiometer, 339 Candida vaginitis , 510, 552–553 clinical evaluation, 301 Bisexual, 433–435 clinical examination, 301 Bladder management, 493–494 diagnosis, 301 Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), 291, 319, 320 vulvar vestibulitis/PV, 301 definition, 319 Cannabis, 87, 558–559 dietary triggers, 319 Cardiovascular disease, 125, 334, 353, 483–484 GI pain, 320 Cardiovascular medications, 356 medical management CAT. See Coital alignment technique (CAT) adverse effects, 319 Caverno-glanular shunting, 528 bladder instillations, 319 Cavernosal sinuses, 20 cystoscopy and hydrodistention, 320 Cavernosography, 177 Index 621

Cavernosometry, 177 Cocaine, 87 CBT. See Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Cognitions, 88–89 Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 29 Cognitive-affective process, 243 Central nervous system (CNS), 380 Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), 167, 228, 230, 310, 342, 354, 362 active inflammation, 296 Cognitive-emotional model, 440, 441 central mechanism, 295 Coital alignment technique (CAT), 413 central sensitization, 295 Coital pain, 292 cerebral cortex, 295 Color-Doppler ultrasound, 527 C-nerve fibers, 296 Combined intracavernosal injection and stimulation (CIS), 176 CPT, 296 Comorbidity, 229–230 descending pathways, 295 Compartment syndrome, 525 mast cells, 295 Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale (COMQOL), 542 neurogenic inflammation, 296 Compulsive model, 359 pain transmission, 294 Condom usage, 34, 35 peripheral change after nerve damage, 295 Cornerstone, 352 peripheral nociceptors, 294 Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 546 pudendal nerve, 296 Coronary artery disease (CAD), 171–172, 447, 448, 483 sensory fiber types, 296 Cortico-basal ganglionic degeneration (CBGD), 484 spinal cord, 294 Couples therapy, 362 vestibulodynia, 296 Cultural values, 89, 90 wind up, 295 Current perception threshold (CPT), 296 Central sensitization, 295 Cusp catastrophe model, 45–46 Cerebral cortex, 295 Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), 495 Cerebral palsy (CP), 485–486 Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), 170, 350, 395, 496 Cerebrovascular disease, 481–482 Cyproheptadine, 262–263 Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ), 214 Cystoscopy and hydrodistention, 320 Chemotherapy, 489 Childhood sexual trauma (CSA), 513 Chlamydia trachomatis, 369 D Chlorophytum borivilianum, 422 Dapoxetine, 283, 285, 383, 585 Chronic inflammatory process, 293 clinical studies, 392 Chronic medical illness, 480, 507 dosing, 393 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 488 side effects, 392 Chronic pain, 294 Deep , 289, 316, 319 Chronic physical illness adenomyosis, 318 amputation, 487 BPS/IC (see Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC)) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 479 coital pain, 299 biological effects, 480 treatment (see Endometriosis) cancer, 488–489 genitourinary pelvic pain, 318 cardiovascular disease, angina and myocardial infraction, 483–484 pelvic congestion syndrome, 318 cerebrovascular disease, 481–482 trauma, 319 CKD, 482–483 UTIs, 318 COPD, 488 Deep vaginal pain (deep dyspareunia), 298 CP, 485–486 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 193, 420, 421, 489, 560 diagnoses, 479–480 Delayed ejaculation (DE), 257–261, 562 epilepsy, 484 algorithm, 259 HIV, 487–488 anejaculation and anorgasmia, 257 PD, 484–485 assessment, 261 personal attributes, 479 autosexual orientation, 252 psychological effects, 480 biopsychosocial context, 252 psychophysiological approach, 479 clinical impact, 257 SCI, 486–487 clinician and sexual therapist, 260 sexual functioning, 479 coital and masturbation frequency, 251 social effects, 480–481 conceptual and methodological approaches, 241 Chronic psychiatric illness, 507 cultural factors, 245 Chronic respiratory illness, 488 dapoxetine, 255 Circular model, 42–43 definition, 246–247 Circumcision, 258 diagnosis, 247 Circumvaginal musculature, 220 differential diagnosis, 249–250 Clitoralgia, 289 drug therapy, 262–263 Clitorodynia, 289 DSM-5, 247 Clomiphene ED and PE, 247 clinical studies, 392 epidemiology, 256–257 dosing, 392 erectile/arousal and ejaculatory function, 244 side effects, 392 etiology, 244 Clomipramine, 283, 285 age, 257 622 Index

Delayed ejaculation (DE) (cont.) diagnosis, 302 anatomic/trauma, 258 genital arousal disorder, 302 congenital, 258 lack of professional recognition, 302 endocrine, 258–259 Dyspnea, 488 infective/inflammation, 258 neurogenic, 258 pharmacology, 259–260 E psychological, 260–261 Eating disorders (EDs), 515 evaluation process, 248–249 Egodystonic homosexuality, 433 excitatory and inhibitory factors, 243 Ejaculation, 278 lifelong vs. acquired, 242 delaying drugs, 287 male sexual cycle, 255 emission phase, 380 medical history, 251 emotional intimacy, 380 medications, male ejaculation, 260 expulsion, 380 neurological and hormonal mechanisms, 255 non-genital orgasms, 380 nomenclature, 242 plateau phase, 379 physiological and pathophysiological factors, 243–245, 256 reflexive action, 380 prevalence, 242 refractory period, 380 prognosis, 266 sexual desire, 379 psychological and relationship factors, 245–246 transient feeling, 380 psychological treatments, 265 Ejaculation and orgasm changes, 461, 462 psychosexual evaluation, 251–252 assessment, 461 psychosexual functioning, 250 intervention strategies sexual dysfunction, 252, 253 brief consultation, 461 sexual problems and relationship issues, 247, 248, 251 cabergoline, 461 sexual response cycle, 241 couples therapy, 462 terminology, 255–256 physical/medical, 461 tone setting, 249 psychosocial, 461 treatment, 241, 261–262 , 462 Depression, 88, 126, 480, 511, 549–551 risk factors, 460–461 Dermatological perception, 547 Ejaculatory latency time (IELT), 380, 381 Desensitization, 311, 312 Ejaculatory tipping point, 243 Desire, excitation, orgasm, resolution (DEOR) model, 41–42 Electro-ejaculation techniques, 265 Desire phase, 41 Emotional factors, 377 Detumescence, 278 Empirical testing, 43–44 Detumescentia praecox (premature detumescence), 276–277 Enclomiphene Diabetes mellitus (DM), 18, 84, 172, 258, 334, 448, 449 clinical studies, 392 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), ovulatory stimulant, 392 33, 123 side effects, 392 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Endocrine abnormalities, 480 (DSM-5), 9, 128, 159, 173, 174, 211–213, 246, 275, 297, Endocrine disorders, 341 360, 381 Endocrine tumors, 463 Dietary supplements, 420 Endocrinogenic erectile dysfunction Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) gel, 193 diagnosis, 174–175 Dimensions of sexuality DSM-5, 173 attachment, 96, 101 endocrinopathies, 173 biopsychosocial treatment, 97 hemochromatosis, 173 desire, 96, 101 medical and psychosexual history, 175 reproduction, 96, 101 psychogenic etiology, 175 Discourse of the plain girl, 574 Endometriosis, 332 Dissociative identity disorder (DID), 514 allodynia and hyperalgesia, 317 Distal shunts, 528 clinical evaluation, 301 Dopamine, 125, 259, 349, 489, 507, 588 clinical examination, 301 Dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4), 124 definition, 316 Dopaminergic system, 350 diagnosis, 301 Doppler blood flow analysis, 176 incapacitating , 301 Dorsal nerve conduction velocity, 178 pharmacological treatment, 317 DOUPE model, 81 surgery, 318 Drug therapy, 373 symptoms, 317 DSM-IV-TR disorders, 561 Endothelial dysfunction Dual control model, 46 atherosclerosis, 332 Duplex ultrasound, 176 dyslipidemia, 333 Dyslipidemia, 333 hypertension, 333 Dyspareunia, 289–291, 357, 493 obesity, 333 clinical evaluation, 302 Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), 171 clinical examination, 302 Endovascular tools, 195 Index 623

Energy conservation techniques, 492 Erectile function domain (EDF), 390 Epilepsy, 484 Erectio praecox/premature erection Erectile disorder/dysfunction (ED), 4, 9, 83, 106, 133, 135, 137–143, detumescentia praecox (premature detumescence), 276–277 145–147, 151, 152, 247, 459, 460, 542, 559–560 genital tonus, 277 ACE inhibitors, 449 hypertonic type vs. hypertonic state, 276 age, 171 Erection, 278 alprostadil, 495 Eros clitoral therapy device (EROS-CTD), 166, 235, 415 antiandrogens, 188 Estrogen and androgen hormonal therapy, 12 antihypertensive agents, 187, 188, 450 Estrogen and tibolone therapy, 165 ARBs, 449 European Medicine Agency (EMA), 284 arterial hypertension, 448 European Urology Association, 255 assessment, 458, 459 Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics (EMLA) cream, 286 calcium antagonists, 450 Evidence-based approach, 336–338 causes, 447 Excitation-inhibition approach, 243 combination therapies, 195, 496 Excitation, plateau, orgasm, resolution (EPOR) model, 40–41 comparison, 177 Exertional headaches, 533 conservative management, 494 EX-PLISSIT model, 498–499 definition, 187 Expulsion, 380 diabetes mellitus, 448, 449 Eye-ball licking, 535 diagnosis, 169, 176 ED treatment, 194 epidemiology, 169–170 F etiologies, 169 Faking orgasms, 236, 237 heart failure, 449 Fatigue hormone replacement, 494 assessment, 465 hypogonadism, 175 intervention strategies, 465 International Index, 180 risk factors, 465 intervention strategies Feeding and eating disorders (FEDs), 515 couples therapy, 460 Female genital anatomy, 223 individual therapy, 460 Female genitalia physical/medical, 459 clinical presentation, 529 psychosocial, 460 diagnosis, 529 sex therapy, 460 epidemiology, 529 support groups, 460 prevention, 529 intracavernosal injection, 19, 495 prognosis, 529 laboratory investigation, 176 treatment, 529 lifestyle modification, 187 Female orgasmic disorder (FOD), 6, 223–224, 329, 331, 561 medical comorbidities, 171 affectivity, 373 medications, 449 age, 204–205 options and modalities, 188 biological ability, 219 oral pharmacotherapy, 21 comorbidity, 229, 230 papaverine, 495 diagnosis, 226–227 pathophysiology, 170–171 epidemiology, 203–204 PDE inhibitors, 496–497 erogenous zones, 375 penile implant surgery, 497 evolutionary theories, 221–222 Peyronie’s disease, 21 family, 204 phentolamine, 495 Freud’s ideas, 375 premature ejaculation, 21 function disorders, 374 priapism, 21 genetic and prenatal factors, 204 psychotropic drugs, 188 good/bad orgasm, 219 reconstructive surviving treatment, 19 hormones, 233 REM sleep, 20 human behaviour, 219 risk factors, 172, 457, 458 involuntary contractions, 373 self-assessment question, 181 management, 227–229 sexual performance, 169 medical treatments, 233 sexually cripples patient, 169 menopause, 225, 226 stem cell therapy, 452 metabolic, nutritional, substance usage, 206 thiazide diuretics, 451 multiorgasmic experiences, 220 transurethral therapy, 496 myth, 375 treatment, 451, 452 neurophysiology, 224–225 vacuum erection devices, 20 nonpsychiatric medical conditions, 209–210 vascular therapy, 19 parity, 204–205 VED, 494–495 pathophysiology, 210–211 VIP, 495 penile-vaginal intercourse, 375 Erectile dysfunction effect on quality of life (ED-EQoL), 550 personality, , and iatrogenic Erectile function (EF), 172 psychopharmacological issues, 207–209 624 Index

Female orgasmic disorder (FOD) (cont.) artichokes, 417 phosphodiesterase 5 class, 220 asparagus, 418 physiological changes, 219 basil, cardamom and garlic, 416 physiological, psychophysiological and hormonal factors, 206–207 Bufo toad, 418 politics, 222–223 caffeine, 419 prevalence, 225 celery, 417 psychoanalytic idea, 375 chilies, 417 relationship factors, 205–206 chocolate, 418, 419 research, 237 cinnamon and coriander, 416 sexual activity, 375 nutmeg, 419 sexual behaviours, 219 omega-3 fatty acids, 416 sexual response, 374 oysters, okra and pumpkin seeds, 416 therapeutic fraternity, 219 pine nuts, chickpeas and cashews, 417 time/stimulation framework, 219 pistachios, 418 treatment, 213, 230–231 pomegranates, 415, 416 type, 220–221, 375 saffron, 419 Female orgasmic function (FOF), 219 watermelon, 416 Female pharmacological targets, 587–589 Functional-sexological treatment, 414 Female (FSAD), 391, 561, 588 Female sexual cycle, 41 Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS-R), 587 G Female sexual dysfunction (FSD), 35–36, 223–224, 300, 452, 453 Gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) receptors, 391 arousal disorder, 4 Gastrointestinal (GI) pain, 320, 357 cause, 4 Gay, 435 DSM-5, 4 Gender differences, 542 female orgasmic disorder, 6 Gender identity disorders/dysphoria, 115–116 risk factors, 5 Gender roles/socialization, 90–91 Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), 21, 43, 213, 214, 436, 453, General Social Survey (GSS), 28 540, 550, 557, 564, 587, 592 Generalized (GAD), 511, 553 Female sexual interest arousal disorder (FSIAD), 6, 561, 564 Genital herpes, 332 androgens, 165 Genital pain, 310, 311 assessment, 160 Genital warts, 332 biological factors, 155–157 Genitocerebral evoked potential studies, 178 Bupropion, 166 Genito-pelvic pain penetration disorder (GPPPD), 6, 292–293, 298, diagnostic tests, 160–161 299, 305, 311, 329, 332, 336, 562–564 DSM-5, 158, 159 complex, 289 epidemiology, 155 diagnosis, 297 EROS clitoral therapy, 166 dyspareunia/coital pain and comorbidities, 289, 291, 298 estrogen and tibolone therapy, 165 multifactorial, 289 flibanserin, 165 multisystemic, 289 herbal supplements, 166 pain instruments, 160, 161 anal level, 298 Lybrido, 166 clitoral pain, 299 PDE-5 inhibitors, 166 pelvis, 299 psychological factors, 157–158 urethra-trigonal level, 298 psychological treatments, 167 vagina, 298 rating scales, 160–161 painful intercourse, 289, 297 topical lubricants, 166 pathophysiology Female sexual pleasure, 222–223 Candida vaginitis, 293 Fertility, 232 inflammation, 293 Fibromyalgia, 291 introital vestibular mucosa, 293 Fistula, 531 mast cells, 293 Flibanserin, 13, 165, 234, 498 myocardial infarction, 292–293 clinical studies, 393 pain, 292 dosing, 393 recurrent/chronic inflammation, 293 meta-analysis, 393 secret killer, 293 multifunctional serotonin, 393 vulvodynia, 293 side effects, 393 pelvic floor, 297 Fluxogram, 59 sexual pain, 298 Fold-increase (FI), 283 symptom, 305 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, 179 vaginal penetration, 305 Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 262, 284, 581 vaginismus and dyspareunia, 297 Food aphrodisiacs vulvar pain classification, 290–291 ambergris, 418 vulvodynia, 290 antioxidants, 415 Genitourinary pelvic pain, 318 arthropods, 418 Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS), 275 Index 625

Ginseng, 422 psychosocial interventions, 362 Global Online Sexuality Survey (GOSS), 170, 261 rating scales, 361 Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), 214 sexual behaviors, 359 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRH-Analog), 114, 362 sexual dysfunctions, 362 Good enough sex (GES) model, 135, 143, 145–147 social and occupational functioning, 359 Goodness of Fit (GOF), 274 subtypes, 360 Grafenberg Spot/G-Spot, 235–236, 374, 375, 413 , 276, 510, 517 Group psychotherapy, 362 Hypertension, 171–172, 333, 349 Guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), 13 Hyperthyroidism, 173, 259 Guidelines of the Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine, 494 Hypertonic or hypererotic state, 277 Gynecomastia, 175 Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), 123, 344, 372, 388, 498, 561, 585 Hypogonadism, 125, 173, 179, 207, 332, 487 H Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, 484 Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), 352 Hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction, 482, 487 Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), 275 Hypothalamus, 295 Health care, rehabilitation Hypothyroidism, 173, 259 addressing sexuality, 498–499 Hysterectomy, 376 caregiver, 500–501 communication, 500 disability, 501 I interdisciplinary team, 498 Ibuprofen, 533 raising children, 501–502 ICI vasoactive agents, 191 relational changes, 499–500 Idiosyncratic masturbation style, 261 Health professionals, 74 Illicit drugs, 359 Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), 489, 561 Impotence, 577–578 Heart disease, 84, 85 Impulse control disorders (ICD), 360 Heart failure, 449 Impulse magnetic-field therapy, 195 Heart rate variability, 178 Inappropriate sexual behavior (ISB), 517 Heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide (HO/CO), 587 Index of premature ejaculation (IPE), 278 Herbal combinations, 194 Indomethacin, 533 Herbal medicine, 194, 574–575 , 464 Herbal supplements, 166, 264–265 assessment, 464 Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 487, 560 intervention strategies Holistic/comprehensive medicine perspective, 95 physical/medical, 464 Homeopathy, 581, 582 psychosocial, 464 Homophobia and internalized homophobia, 434 sperm banking, 464 Homosexual behavior, 33 sperm retrieval, 464 Homosexuality, 26, 33–34, 433 risk factors, 464 Hormonal therapy, 11, 192–193, 309 Information processing model, 48 Hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), 338 Inhibited ejaculation. See Delayed ejaculation (DE) Hormone , 588 Integrated biopsychosocial approach, 248 Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), 233, 471, 482 Intellectual disabilities (ID), 85, 86, 508–509 Hormones, 233, 489–490 Intercourse, penile–vaginal, 203 Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), 193 International Classification of (ICD-10), 246 Human erythropoietin, 482 International Classification of Functioning (ICF), 479 Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), 487–488 International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM-5), 340 Human papillomavirus (HPV), 25 International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), 21, 174, 180, 458, 558 Human sexual inadequacy, 27, 245 International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease Human sexual response, 27, 350 (ISSVD), 290 Human umbilical cord blood stem cells (HUCB-MSCs), 585 International Society of Sexual Medicine (ISSM), 18, 20, 21, 255, 5-Hydroxytryptamine-1A (5-HT1A) receptor, 391 275, 381 Hyperactive pelvic floor, 297 Intracavernosal injection (ICI), 19, 495 Hyperalgesia, 295 contraindications, 192 Hyperprolactinemia, 125, 171, 179, 193, 330, 341, 482, 559 diabetes-associated ED, 191 Hypersexual disorder satisfaction rate, 191 addiction model, 359 side effects, 191–192 biological interventions, 361–362 Intraurethral suppositories, 192 biopsychosocial approach, 361 Intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), 255, 272, 283 components, 360 Intravenous fluids (IVFs), 535 compulsive model, 359 Intravesical therapy, 319 DSM-5, 360 Introital dyspareunia, 289, 299 epidemiology, 359 Introital/midvaginal pain (introital dyspareunia), 298 ICD, 360 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 291, 301 neurological conditions, 359 Ischemic heart disease (IHD), 172 prognosis, 362 Ischemic priapism, 525 626 Index

K Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT), 194, 589 Kegel exercises, 414 Lubricants, 235 Kinsey Sexual Orientation Scale, 433 Luteinizing hormone (LH), 179, 539 Kleinfelter’s syndrome, 173 Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists, 362 Lybrido, 166

L Language of sexuality, 97 M l-arginine, 420 Major depressive disorder (MDD), 400, 511, 550 Law of Similars, 581 Male genitalia, vascular disorders, 18 Law of the Infinitesimal Dose, 581 Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), 8, 124–127 l-carnitine, 420 asexuality, 151 Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), 172 best practice/evidence-based approach, 134–135 Lesbian bed death, 440 biological treatments, 146 Lesbian women difficulties biomedical intervention, 133 lesbian bed death, 440 biopsychosocial approach, 133, 134, 152 lubrication difficulties, 439 Brian and Claudia, 135–146 orgasm, 439 complexity, 147 sex pain, 439 conceptual model, 125 sexual activity frequency, 439 couple sex, 134, 149–150 sexual dysfunction index, 439 deviant sexual arousal, 149 sexual satisfaction, 439 diagnosis and DSM-5, 128–129 Lesbian, gay, bisexual/transgender (LGBT), 34 ED medications, 152 Lewy body , 484 epidemiology, 123–124 Lichen planus (LP), 315 etiology Lichen sclerosus (LT), 314, 315 ageing, 124–125 Lifestyle treatments biological factors, 124 antioxidant content, 593 body images, 127 arteriosclerosis, 591 depression and anxiety, 126 diabetic males, 591 genetic, 124 diastolic blood pressure, 592 medical conditions, 125 erectile dysfunction, 591 medications and substances, 126 erectile function, 593 psychological factors, 126, 127 flaxseed, 592 sex hormones, 125 genital blood flow, 592 evaluation, 129–130 hyperlipidemia, 591 excitatory mechanisms, 127 hypertension, 592 female–male sexual equity, 134 medical records, 592 GES, 134 metabolic precursors, 592 good enough sex, 133, 152 morbidities, 591 inhibitory mechanisms, 128 nutrition, 591, 592 instruments, 130 red meat, 591 intercourse frequency and eroticism, 134 researchers, 591 magic pill, 133 saturated fats, 591 male model of sex, 133 Likert scale, 367 media advertisements, 134 Limerance phase, 136, 138, 140, 141 nonsexual relationships, 134 Linear model, 41 pathophysiology, 127 Loratadine, 265 penile injections, 152 Low sexual desire, 462–464, 468–470 physician expectations, 134 female primary cause of, 133 assessment, 468, 469 pro-erection medications, 134 educational and self-management interventions, 469 prognosis, 151 estrogen replacement therapy, 470 psychological and relational factors, 134 exposure-based treatment, 469 psychosocial treatments, 146–147 fear and stigmatization, 468 real male sex, 133 medical management, 469 relapse prevention, 151–152 mood disturbance and fatigue, 468 in scientific validation, 134 premature menopause, 468 in sex therapy, 133 sex therapy interventions, 469 sexual orientation, 150–151 male sexual problems, 133 assessment, 463 sexual trauma, 150 intervention strategies, 463, 464 traditional male model, 152 risk factors, 462, 463 treatment, 130–131 risk factors variant arousal, 147–149 endocrine tumors, 463 Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder (Male HSDD), 560 Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), 84, 244 Male pattern hair loss (MPHL), 84 Index 627

Male pharmacological targets, 585–587 Menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire (MENQOL), 563, 564 Male sexual cycle, 41 Menopause-triggered biological problem Male sexual dysfunctions, 35 clinical evaluation, 302 Male sexual response models, 127 clinical examination, 302 EPOR model, 45 diagnosis, 302 four Es model, 45 genital arousal disorder and dyspareunia, 302 PERT, 44–45 vaginal dryness, 302 Malignant autonomic dysreflexia, 494 Mental disorders, 348, 508 Masculinity, 374 Mental health, 87–89 Massachusetts Male Aging Study, 447 Metabolic equivalent (MET), 483 Massage, 574–575 Methamphetamine, 87 Masturbation desensitization program, 10, 30, 31, Microcosmic orbits, 578–579 261, 383 Middle-aged and older adults, 543–544 Masturbation technique, 414 Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 556 MBSR. See Mindfulness based reduction (MBSR) Mild memory impairment (MMI), 556 Mechanical devices, 234–235 Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR), 310 Medical comorbidities, 171–172 Mindfulness-based approaches, 167 Medical conditions, sexual disorders, 336, 338–339 Mindfulness-based group therapy, 343 biological treatments, 340–342 Mirodenafil, 190 biothesiometer, 339 Missing orgasm, 111 cardiovascular diseases, 334 Moclobemide, 156 classification, 328 Modelling sexual responses delayed ejaculation, 328 clinical practice, 48, 49 diabetes, 334 cusp catastrophe model, 48 diagnosis female sexual response cycle, 46 criteria, 336 four phase, 40 erectile dysfunction test, 338–339 idiographic model, 40 evidence-based approach, 336 male sexual response cycle, 45 general test, 338 nomothetic approach, 40 sexual arousal, 339 properties, 39 epidemiological data, 328 sensations, 40 erectile disorder, 328–331 sexual arousal, 40 erectile turgidity measurements, 339 text/word model, 42 etiological considerations, 329 tumescence and detumescence, 40 evaluations, 327, 338 unusual model, 48 evidence-based approach, 339 Modern Western culture, 53 female genitalia interventions, 331 Monida whitei, 422 female orgasmic disorder, 329, 331 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 283, 348, 490, 550 illnesses, 336, 343 Mood and sexual disorders, 10 neurologic and spinal cord disorders, 331, 334 Mood stabilizers, 86, 356 nocturnal penile tumescence testing, 339 MSM, 433 pathophysiology, 331, 332 Multi-orgasms, 376 Peyronie’s disease, 329, 336 Multiple Roots of Homosexuality, 33 premature ejaculation, 328, 331, 339 Multiple sclerosis, 258 prevalence rates, 328, 329 Multiple system atrophy (MSA), 484 prostate cancer, 334 Myocardial infarction (MI), 483–484 psychosocial treatments, 342–344 Myths sexual medicine, education, 327 education and attitudes, 378 surgical and gynecological interventions, 332 in medical sexology, 367 urinary track symptoms, 329 about sex, 368 vaginal dryness, 331 statistical method, 367–368 vaginal fungal infections, 332 vaginal pH testing, 339 vaginusmus, 329 N Medical professional sexuality education, 81 Nanotechnology, 195 Medical subject headings (MeSH), 57 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 573 Medicalization of sexuality, 583 National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS), 3, 25, 28, 29, Melanocortin 155, 256 analogues, 190 National Institutes of Health (NIH), 181 clinical studies, 394 National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP), 29 dosing, 394 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB), 29 preclinical treatment, 394 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 369 proopiomelanocortin, 393–394 Nerve grow factor (NGF), 295 side effects, 394 Neuralgia/neuropathy, 312 Mellaril, 283 Neuraxis, 295 Menopause, 83, 225–226 Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), 516, 517, 555–556 628 Index

Neurodevelopmental disorders, 509 promescent spray, 286 Neurogenic erectile dysfunction, 173 Stud 100 spray, 286 Neurogenic inflammation, 296 TEMPE spray, 286 Neurologic and spinal cord disorders, 334 tramadol, 286 Neurologic testing, 178 Opiates, 87 Neurological and myofascial pain Opioid, 558 entrapped/compressed nerves, 321 Opioid antagonists, 114, 361 myalgia, 321 Opioid associated androgen deficiency, 490 Neuromedin B, 194 Oral phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5), 389 Neuromodulation, 320 Oral sex, 32 Neuropathic pain syndromes, 295, 296, 492 Oral therapies, 190–191 Neurotransmitter/hormone systems, 351, 489–490, 507 Organ diagnostics, 102 New York Heart Association (NYHA), 483 Orgasm, 220, 486 NIH PROMIS MEASURES, 298 Orgasm synchronization, 413, 414 NIH PROMIS network, 181 Orgasmic , 236 Nitric oxide (NO), 171, 491, 592 Ospemifene, 234, 493, 497 Nociceptors, 294 Oxytocin (OT), 13, 233, 264, 351 Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) testing, 179, 539 blood sampling technique, 394 Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), 496 dosing, 394 Non-ischemic priapism, 525 ejaculation, 394 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 492 neuropeptide, 394 Norepinephrine (NE), 157, 351 side effects, 394 Nutraceuticals Casmiroa edulis, 426 Chlorophytum borivilianum, 422 P Eurycoma longifolia, 425 Pain and stigma Fadogia argestis, 425 assessment, 466 fenugreek, 423 HPV-related anal cancer, 473 Ginkgo biloba, 421 intervention strategies, 467 ginseng, 422 risk factors, 466–467 herbal and plant products, 427 sex therapy sessions, 474 honey, 426 sexual activity, 473 Kaempferia parviflora, 424 Painful bladder syndrome, 298 Korean herbs, 424 Painful intercourse, 289 l-arginine, 420 Papaverine, 495 l-carnitine, 420, 421 Parkinson’s disease (PD), 85, 359, 395, 484–485, 507 Lepidium meyenii, 424 Paroxetine, 287 Monida whitei, 422 Patient reported outcome (PRO), 181, 278 Montanoa tomentosa, 425 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System muira puama, 423 (PROMIS®), 214 Phoenix dactylifera, 424 datasets, 181 Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad, 425 instruments, 181 SS cream, 421 PSxFBP, 181 Terminalia catappa, 426 SexFS, 181 trace elements, 422 Peak systolic velocities (PSV), 176 Tribulus terrestris, 423 Pelvic Congestion Syndrome, 318 Tunera diffusa, 426 Pelvic floor, 306, 308–310, 312, 314, 315, 320 vitamin B, 421 Pelvic pain syndrome, 331 Ylang-Ylang and jasmine oil, 424 Penetration disorder, 562, 563 zestra oil, 421 Penile angiography, 177 Penile brachial pressure index (PBI), 176 Penile color Doppler ultrasonography, 21 O Penile corpus cavernosum, 389 Obesity, 333, 549 Penile detumescence, 278 Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 359, 512, 553 Penile dysmorphic disorder (PDD), 513 Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), 518 Penile erectile processes, 39 Oculolinctus, 535–536 Penile erection, 170 Oestrogens, 372 Penile fracture, 528 Onabutilinum toxin A, 320 clinical presentation, 527 On-demand oral drug treatment, 286 diagnosis, 527 advantages and disadvantages, 285 epidemiology/etiology, 526–527 clomipramine, 285 prognosis, 528–529 dapoxetine, 285 treatment, 528 PDE-5, 286 Penile glans biothesiometry, 178 topical local anesthetics Penile implants, 497 EMLA cream, 286 Penile magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 177 Index 629

Penile plethysmography, 176 epidemiology, 273–274 Penile prosthesis, 196 evidence-based approach, 283 Penile vibrators, 194–195 genetic polymorphisms, 275 Penile vibratory stimulation (PVS), 265 heterosexual men, 382 Penile–vaginal intercourse, 204 HWE, 275 Penis, 526 ISSM and DSM-5, 275–276 Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS), 319 male sexual health, 381 People with disabilities (PWD), 85 mathematical formula, 274 Perceived Relationship Quality Inventory components, 205 , 271 Periaqueductal grey (PAG), 295 oral drug treatment, 283 Peripheral nervous system, 277 psychoanalytical theory, 271 Peripheral neuropathy, 488 psychoanalytic, behavioristic and drug treatment approach, Permission, Limited Information, Specific Suggestions, and Intensive 271–272 Therapy (PLISSIT), 10, 129 psychosocial treatment, 287 Personality disorders (PDs), 517, 518 Schapiro classification, 271 Peyronie’s disease, 329, 336, 341 sexual functions, 382 Pharmacological agents, 388 SSRIs (see Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Pharmacological erectile rehabilitation studies, 459 (SSRIs)) Pharmacological treatment Threaten Scientific Research, 279 botulinum toxin, 309 vaginal penetration, 381 capsaicin, 309 Waldinger classification, 272 gabapentin, 308 Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), 279 lidocaine, 308 Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP), 278 TCAs, 308 Premature erection, 278 topical medications, 308 Preorgasmia, 374 Pharmacotherapy, 382 Priapism Phentolamine, 190, 495 diagnosis, 526 Pheochromocytoma, 533 epidemiology, 525 Phosphodiesterase enzymes (PDEs), 170 ischemic, 525 Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEi), 13, 482, 485, 496 non-ischemic, 525 Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, 10, 189–190, 205, 234, prevention, 526 246, 286, 340, 350, 389, 451 prognosis, 526 Physical and hormonal factors, 372 treatment, 526 Physical and mental/emotional stimulation, 261 Primary anorgasmia, 231–232 Physical illnesses, 350 Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 484 Physical therapy (PT), 309 , 259, 349 Physiological , 40 Promescent spray, 286 Pneumoperitoneum, 532 PROMIS Sexual Function and Satisfaction Measures Brief Profile Post SSRI sexual dysfunction (PSSD), 285 (PSxFBP), 181, 298 Postcoital headaches PROMIS© system, 298 clinical presentation, 533 Prostaglandin E1, 495 diagnosis, 533 Prostate cancer, 84, 125, 334 epidemiology, 533 Provoked vestibulodynia, 289, 296 prognosis and prevention, 533 Psychiatric disorders treatment, 533 anxiety, 553 Postmenopausal women, 588 ASEX total score, 555 Post-prostatectomy erectile disorder, 103 BASIS score, 555 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 513, 514 bipolar disorder, 552–553 Präjaculin, 283 depression, 549–551 Pregnancy, 549 OCD, 553 complications, 378 “physical arousal” item, 555 penetration, 378 , 553–555 sexual activity, 378 , 553–555 Premature ejaculation (PE), 171, 247, 272–273, 283–286, 331, 392, self-report scale, 555 512, 542, 561, 562 sexual dysfunction, 549, 555 anxiety, 382 sexuality-related QoL, 555 black men, 381 Psychic conflict, 261 classification, 277, 279, 287 Psycho-educational therapy, 377 diagnosis Psychogenic anorgasmy, 247 acquired, 273 Psychogenic pelvic pain, 514 complaint vs. disorder, 272–273 Psychological factors, 372 lifelong, 273 Psychological treatments, 167 subjective, 273 Psycho-oncology, 455, 465, 468 variable, 273 Psychopathia Sexualis, 3 DSM-5, 276 Psychosexual evaluation, 251 ejaculation delaying drugs vs. drugs, 286–287 Psychosocial and interpersonal dimensions, 507 630 Index

Psychosocial treatments Resistive index (RI), 176 genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, 343 Resolution phase, 380 hypoactive sexual desire disorder, 344 Restless Genital Syndrome (ReGS), 285 mindfulness-based group therapy, 343 Resveratrol, 194 myocardial infarction, 342 Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, 258 pharmacological agents, 342 Rigiscan device, 21 prognosis, 344 Risk stratification algorithm, 483 prostate cancer, 343 Ropinirole systemic lupus erythematous, 343 bioavailability, 395 visceral fat, 343 clinical studies, 395 Psychostimulants, 559 D2-dopaminergic agonist, 395 Psychotropic drugs, 188 dosing, 395 Pudendal neuropathy/neuralgia side effects, 395 diagnosis, 313 Ruptured ovarian cysts and hemoperitoneum neuromodulation and surgery, 314 clinical presentation, 530 pharmacological management, 313 diagnosis, 530–531 physical therapy, 314 epidemiology, 530 Pyrazolopyrimidinone analogues, 194 prevention, 531 prognosis, 531 treatment, 531 Q Quality of life (QoL), 507, 539 cervical cancer, 540 S domains, 539 Safe environment, 129 dyspareunia, 540 Same-sex couples elements, 539 anal sex, 441 erectile functioning, 539 cognitive schemas, 441 health and well-being, 539 erectile difficulties, 440 heart transplantation, 540 gay men and lesbian women, 440 human beings, 539 non-erotic distractions, 440 measurements, 539 non-erotic thoughts, 441 orgasm function, 540 psychological interventions, 442 perception, 539 sexual activity, 442 questionnaires, 540 sexual beliefs, 441 reliability, 539 sexual difficulties, 441 satisfaction, 539 sexual functioning, 440 self-reports, 539 Same-sex relationships, 435 sexual dysfunction, 540 Schizophrenia, 509, 553, 554 sexual function, 540 Secondary anorgasmia sexual health, 539 couple enjoyment, 232 SQOL-F, 540, 541 depression, 232 validity, 539 infections, 232 Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire lovemaking patterns, 232 (Q-LES-Q), 551 sexual activity, 232 Quality of Life Scale (QLS), 554 sexual relationship, 232 Quantitative sensory testing (QST), 584 Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), 490 Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Self Report Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 86, 114, 126, 156, (QIDS-SR), 551 209, 272, 283, 284, 347, 361, 391, 489, 490, 511 advantages and disadvantages, 284 discontinuation syndrome, 284 R dosages, 284 Radiumhemmets Scale of Sexual Functioning, 540 meta-analysis, 284 Rating scales, 180 PSSD, 285 Reboxetine, 265 ReGS, 285 Reconstructive surgery, 196 serotonergic syndrome, 285 Rectal foreign body entrapment side effects clinical presentation, 532 long term, 284 diagnosis, 532–533 short term, 284 epidemiology, 532 spermatozoa, 285 prognosis, 533 Self-help 12-step groups, 362 treatment, 533 Semans technique, 287 Recurrent candidiasis infections, 296 Sensate focus, 415 Reflexogenic excitement, 491 Sensation, arousal and orgasm Regenerative medicine, 584–585 assessment, 472 Renal transplantation, 483 chemotherapy, 472 Reproductive Concerns Scale, 464 intervention strategies, 472, 473 Index 631

low sexual excitement, 472 Sexual desire, 123, 130, 165–167, 370–371, 577 menopausal changes, 472 brain regions, 156 non-hormonal medication side effects, 472 endocrine levels, 155 vulvar surgery, 472 health status, 157 Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) oral contraceptives, 156 trial, 551 physical activity, 157 Serotonergic-adrenergic antidepressants (SNRIs), 348 sex hormones, 156 Serotonergic antidepressants, 349 sexual dysfunction, 156 Serotonergic syndrome, 285, 349 testosterone levels, 156 Serotonin, 380, 489 Sexual difficulties, 438–439 Serotonin-receptor effectors, 190 anodyspareunia, 438 Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 550 FSFI, 436 Sex addicts anonymous and sexaholics anonymous, 359 gay men, 436, 437 Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), 12 HIV status, 438 Sex hormones, 125 IIEF, 436 Sex injuries, 525 painful anal sex, 438 Sex positions, 413 sex pain, 437 Sex steroid , 125, 588 symptoms, 437 Sex surveys Sexual dysfunction (SD), 4, 10–13, 292, 507 comparison, 26 ability issues, 85–86 homosexuality, 26, 27 aging, 82 Janus Report, 28 alcohol, 87 Kinsey scale, 26 antidepressants, 86, 347, 355 married males, 26 antipsychotics, 86 masturbation, 26 associated features, 4 NHSLS, 28, 29 Basson model, 83 NIMH, 27 blood pressure medications, 86 NSSHB, 29 BPH and LUTS, 84 Psychology Today, 27 brain dopamine systems, 350 Redbook readers, 27 breast cancer, 83 sexual behavior, 27, 29 cancer in women, 83 sexual practices, 27 cannabis, 87 SWGS, 30 cGMP, 350 taxonomic methods, 25 chronic disease and cancer, 330, 338 Sex therapy, 3, 10, 89 classifications, 328 Sexological counseling DSM-5, 4 couple session, 105, 106 ICD-10, 4 genital/coital sexuality, 103 ICD-11, 4 partnership counseling, 104, 105 cocaine, 87 Sexological treatment, 118 decision-making process, 584 Sexual activity, 81, 83, 84, 87, 88 depression, 347 , 577 diabetes, 84 Sexual arousal diagnosis, 327, 352–353 estrogens, 157 dopamine receptor activation, 350 and orgasm, 243 drug-induced sexual side effects, 351 physiological sexual arousal, 157 DSM-5, 327 SNS involvement, 157 DSM-IV-TR, 327 vascular and neurological problems, 157 ED, 4, 83 Sexual balance, 580 epidemiology (incidence and prevalence), 335, 347–349 Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, 33 etiology, 349–350 Sexual Behavior Questionnaire, 214–215 evaluation, 584 Sexual behaviors, 31–33, 349 female, 35–36, 83 masturbation, 30, 31 genetic/pharmacogenetic predisposition, 351 sexual fantasies, 30 heart disease, 84, 85 Sexual communication imaging, 584 body language, 97 instruments, 353 couple-relationship, 97 intellectual disabilities (ID), 85 relationship reward, 97 male, 35 salutogenic/pathogenic element, 98 management, 354 SST, 97, 98 medication/abused substance, 86, 347 Sexual concerns, 455 in men and women, 583 cultural generalizations, 457 menopause, 83 culture-specific knowledge, 457 methamphetamine, 87 dynamic sizing, 457 mood stabilizers, 86 scientific-mindedness, 456 nonheterosexual patient population, 584 self-awareness, 456 opiates, 87 632 Index

Sexual dysfunction (SD) (cont.) intercourse, 376 Parkinson’s disease, 85 interpersonal factors, 368 phenomenology, 351–352 issues, 368 physiological studies, 584 linear progression, 370 principles, 583 myths and misconceptions, 367 prognosis, 357 oral sex, 377 prostate cancer, 84 (see also Biopsychosocial (BPS) model) ovaries, 376 screening checklists, 584 partners, 369 sexual cycle, 350 person’s welfare, 367 side effects, 347 prostaglandins, 377 , 357 psycho-educational methods, 377 sympathetic nervous system, 351 relationships, 370 testosterone, 350 rights, 367 tobacco, 86 self-centredness, 368 treatments, 584–590 sex education, 369, 370 biopsychosocial model, 13 sexual pleasure, 379 estrogen and androgen hormonal therapy, 12 sexually transmitted diseases, 367 flibanserin, 13 sociocultural factors, 368 hormone therapies, 11 subtotal/total hysterectomy, 376 masturbation desensitization program, 10 women and men, 368 mood and sexual disorders, 10 Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), 180 oxytocin, 13 Sexual history PDE5 inhibitors, 10 adult recreation, 53 phosphodiesterase inhibitors, 13 clinician, 57 PLISSIT, 10 cross-sectional surveys, 58 SHBG, 12 data extraction and quality assessment, 58 testosterone, 12 future research, education actions and intervention programmes, 74 tibolone, 13 guidelines, 54–55 topical estrogen therapy, 12 health professionals’ facilitators and barriers, 53, 54, 56, 57, 61–75 types, 348 inadequate/insufficient training, 56 Sexual enhancement, 415, 427 insurance reimbursement, 57 AFE zone stimulation, 413 intimacy and sexual functioning, 53 bibliotherapy, 415 issues, 54 CAT, 413 medical conditions and quality of life, 53 EROS-CTD, 415 multicultural society, 57 food aphrodisiacs (see Food aphrodisiacs) patient’s sexual background and current functioning, 54 functional-sexological treatment, 414 patients’ interaction, 75 grafenberg spot/G-spot, 413, 414 peer-reviewed studies and methodologies and areas, 60 Kegel exercises, 414 personal belief system, 57 masturbation, 414 redundancies or disparities, 57 natural sexual enhancement (see Nutraceuticals) screening and in-depth, 55–56 orgasm synchronization, 413, 414 screening process, 58 pharmacological interventions, 387 search strategy and selection criteria, 57–58 sensate focus, 415 selection process, 58 sexual medicine practice, 387 sexual medicine and clinical skills, 57 squeeze technique, 414 sexual problems and complaints, 56 start–stop technique, 414 stigma/society’s attitudes, 75 Sexual excitatory mechanisms, 127 Sexual hygiene literature, 39 Sexual function and satisfaction measure (SexFS), 181 Sexual impulses, 379 Sexual functioning, 79, 83, 85, 86, 91, 351–353, 455, 508, 518 Sexual intercourse cognitive behavioral therapy, 344 anal intercourse, 32 evidence-based approach, 339 married and cohabiting couples, 31 obesity, 333 oral sex, 32 psychosocial interventions, 343 vaginal intercourse, 32 Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ28), 541 Sexuality Sexual health, 56, 57, 75 definition, 79 age and disease, 370 fatigue, 492 bilateral removal, 376 movement/mobility, 492 characteristics, 370 pain, 492–493 circumstance, 370 and partnership, 116–117 definition, 25 sensation, 491 education, 593–594 Sexual life quality questionnaire (SLQQ), 563 family circumstances, 369 Sexually enhancing medications healthy development, 369 clinical presentation, 534–535 inexperienced men, 378 diagnosis, 535 integral development, 369 epidemiology, 534 Index 633

herbal supplements, 534 techniques, 573 natural enhancers, 534 treatment plan, 580 prescription medications, 534 treatments, 573 prevention, 535 Sexual positions prognosis, 535 crane with two necks, 575 treatment, 535 flattering phoenix, 575 Sexually transmitted infections (STI), 34, 35, 300, 369 herbal medicine, 576 Sexual man model, 46–48 mandarin duck, 575 Sexual medicine, 4–9, 95 overlapping fish scale, 575 biological and psychosocial practice, 583 pawing horse, 575 clinical categories, 583 tiger attacks, 575 erectile disorder, 4, 95 Sexual potency, 371 five-step algorithm, 14 Sexual preference structure historical aspects, 3, 5, 8, 9 dimensions of sexuality, 101 holistic approach, 95 disease history, 101 ICD-10 and DSM-5, 3 forms, 101 men gender, age and way, 100 DSM-5, 9 paraphilic disorders, 112–114 erectile disorder, 9 somatic finding, 101 HSDD, 8 three levels, 101 nitric oxide, 6 Sexual problems norepinephrine, 6 assessment, 81–82 premature ejaculation, 8 female sexuality, 373 risk factors, 8 maturity, 372 sildenafil, 7 medications, 372 psychosocial interventions, 590 progression, 373 vs. reproductive medicine, 95–96 sexual desire, 372 self-injection, 3 sexual experiences, 373 sexual behaviors, 3 testosterone, 372 surgical interventions, 589 treatment modalities, 372 twenty-first century, 583 Sexual quality of life (SQOL) women anthropological understanding, 542 arousal disorder, 4 biomedical emphasis, 541 cause, 4 clinical populations, 541 DSM-5, 4 cultures, 541 Female orgasmic disorder, 6 diagnosis, 542 Risk factors, 5 illegitimacy, 545 Sexual medicine modern history in men, 563–564 anatomic and physiologic studies, 20 sexual expression, 542 diagnosis and management, 17 sexual revolution, 541 epidemiology, 20 in women, 564–565 erectile dysfunction (ED), 17 Sexual Quality of Life–Female (SQOL-F), 542 infertility, 17 Sexual Quality of Life-Male (SQOL-M), 541 therapeutic approach, 18 Sexual response cycle, 241–242, 349 transgender medicine, 22 Sexual revolution, 27 vascular disorders, 18 Sexual scripts and heterosexual bias, 434 women, 21 Sexual thoughts, 383 Sexual Medicine Society of North America, 255 Sexual tipping point (STP) model, 44, 243, 266 Sexual orientation, 544 Sexual traumatization, 112 asexuality, 434 Sexual Well Being Global Survey (SWGS), 30 definition, 433 SHBG. See Sex hormone-binding globulin gay and bisexual men, 435 (SHBG) homophobia, 434 Short Form Health Questionnaire (SF-36), 540 homosexuality, 433 Sialorrhea, 485 internalized homophobia, 434 Sildenafil, 189 same-sex relationships, 435 adrenal steroidogenesis, 396 sexual scripts and heterosexual bias, 434 clinical studies, 396–397 Sexual pain disorders, 290 dosing, 397 Sexual performance enhancement nonactivated PDE5, 395 anxiety, 245 NO-stimulated cGMP signal, 395 human sexuality, 573 side effects, 397 massage of ears, 579 Single potential analysis of cavernous electrical activity medical cultures, 573 (SPACE), 179 microcosmic orbits, 578–579 Small penis syndrome, 374 semen exercise, 579 Smooth-muscle EMG, 178–179 sexual practices, 573 SNOWDROP trial, 393 634 Index

Sociocultural factors, 373 practical approach, 109 cultural identities, 89 same-gender partnerships, 108 cultural sensitivity, 89 sexual communication, 109 cultural values, 89–90 sexual preference, 114, 115 family of origin, 90 sexual traumatization, 112 gender roles/socialization, 90, 91 spontaneous, whole coitus, 110 relationship factors, 91 teasing and arousal, 110 religious beliefs, 90 therapy motivation, 107, 108 societal norms, 90 Socioeconomic factors (SEF), 544, 545 Soluble Guanylate Cyclase (sGC) activators T BAY 41-2272, 193 Tadalafil, 190 BAY 60-2770, 193 cGMP-specific PDE5, 397 BAY 60-4552, 193 clinical studies, 398–399 Somatic nervous system, 178 dosing, 399 Somatic symptoms, 514 PDE5 inhibitors, 397 Somatic therapy options, 117–118 side effects, 399 Sonographic assessment, 176 Tantric practices, 236 Spermatozoa, 285 Taoist retention, 579 Spinal cord injury (SCI), 85, 294, 486–487 TENS. See Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) Spinal reflexes, 491 Testicles radiation/surgery, 462 Spironolactone, 491 Testosterone, 12, 126, 129, 170, 192, 350 Squeeze technique, 271, 287, 414 clinical studies, 399–400 SSRI discontinuation syndrome, 284 dosing, 400 Start–Stop technique, 414 male reproductive tissues, 399 Stem cells (SCs), 193, 452, 584–585 replacement, 192, 487, 488, 494 Stop-start manoeuvre, 384 side effects, 400 Stop-start technique, 287 Textbook of Sexual Medicine, 3 Stopwatch methodology, 275 Thiazide diuretics, 451, 491 Stroke, 171–172 Thyroid dysfunction, 179 Stud 100 spray, 286 Thyroid hormones, 259 Studies in the Psychology of Sex, 3 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, 179 priapism, 525 Tibolone, 13, 233 Substance abuse, 516 clinical studies, 400–401 Substance-related disorders, 516 dosing, 401 Subthalamic nucleus (STN), 485 hormone replacement therapy, 400 SUNFLOWER study, 393 side effects, 401 Surgical disorders synthetic steroid, 400 age-related vision loss, 547 Tissue engineering, 195 audiological, 547 Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), 535 circulatory, 545–546 Tobacco, 86–87 congenital, 549 Toluidine blue, 531 digestive, 547 Topical estrogen therapy, 12 endocrine/metabolic, 548 Topical eutectic mixture for premature ejaculation (TEMPE), 286 infectious, 548 Topical local anesthetics medical condition, 545 EMLA cream, 286 medical illness, 545 meta-analyses, 286 musculoskeletal, 547 promescent spray, 286 neoplastic, 548 sexually arousable impulses, 286 neurological, 547–548 Stud 100 spray, 286 obesity, 549 TEMPE spray, 286 ophthalmological, 547 Topical lubricants, 166 respiratory, 546–547 TPN729MA, 190 sex-related QoL, 545 Tramadol, 286 urinary, 547 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), 310, 563 Sustained-release (SR), 391 Transdermal/topical pharmacotherapy, 194 Sympathetic skin response (SSR), 178 Trauma, 319 Syndyastic sexual therapy (SST), 97, 98 Trazodone (Desyrel), 190 female breast involvement, 110 Tribulus terrestris, 423 genitals involvement, 110 Trichomonas vaginalis, 369 micro-anamnestic investigation, 110 Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), 308, 347, 361 missing orgasm, 111 Triphasic model, 40 mutual body discovery, 109 Triphasic sexual response model, 41 non-demanding coitus, 110 T-shunt, 526 omitting breast and genitals, 109 Tumour extension, 376 Index 635

U Viagra failure, 151 Udenafil, 190 VIOLET study, 393 Urinary tract infections (UTIs), 318 Vitamin D supplementation, 482 Uterus Vulvar dermatoses physiological functions, 376 lichen planus (LP), 315 rhythmic muscle contractions, 376 lichen sclerosus, 314, 315 symptoms, 314 Vulvar discomfort, 290 V Vulvar granuloma fissuratum, 315 Vacuum erection device (VED), 192, 459, 494–495 Vulvar pain and superficial dyspareunia, Vaginal atrophy (VA), 83 290–291 Vaginal dryness and dyspareunia algorithm, 307 assessment, 470 neuralgia/neuropathy, 312–314 chemotherapy-related mucositis, 470 pudendal neuropathy, 313, 314 estrogen deprivation, 470 Vulvar vaginal atrophy (VVA), 83 hormone replacement therapy, 471 Vulvar vestibulitis, 289, 296 lubricants, 471 Vulvodynia, 290, 291, 306–311 non-hormonal vaginal moisturizers, 471 classification system, 305 pelvic floor exercise, 472 and comorbidities, 294 pelvic organ scarring and adhesions, 470 cross-talk, 294 radiation vaginitis and vaginal stenosis, 470 health related issues, 293 topical anesthetics, 472 history and examination, 306 topical steroids, 472 interpersonal and social issues, 294 vaginal dilation, 471 psychosexual issues, 294 vaginal reconstruction, 470 treatment vulvovaginal graft-versus-host disease, 470 acupuncture, 311 Vaginal foreign body entrapment biofeedback, 309 clinical presentation, 529–530 CBT, 310 diagnosis, 530 hormonal treatment, 309 epidemiology, 529 MBSR, 310 prognosis, 530 multimodal approaches, 311 treatment, 530 pharmacological treatment, 308, 309 Vaginal habitability, 290 physical therapy (PT), 309 Vaginal intercourse, 32, 34 relationship factors, 311 Vaginal moisturizers, 235 TENS, 310 Vaginal pH testing, 339 vestibulectomy, 306–308 Vaginismus, 290, 342 vulvar care, 306 clinical evaluation, 300–302 vestibulodynia, 305, 306 clinical examination, 300 vulvar pain, 305 desensitization, 311, 312 Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), 234, 235, 331 diagnosis, 300 DHEA, 316 DSM 5 classification, 311 and dyspareunia, 12 FSD, 300 hormonal therapies, 315 gynecological setting (grades), 290 nonhormonal therapies, 316 introital mucosa, 300 ospemifene, 316 partner involvement, 312 symptoms, 315 pharmacological interventions, 312 topical therapies, 316 psychological interventions, 312 Vaginitis, 332 Vaginusmus, 329 W Valdoxan, 156 White blood cell count (WBC), 530 Vardenafil, 190, 496 Wide dynamic range (WDR), 295 clinical studies, 401–402 Women’s pleasure dosing, 402 clitoris, 375 intracellular actions, 401 erogenous zones, 374 PDE5 inhibitor agent, 401 flaccid penis, 374 side effects, 402 G-spot, 375 Vascular erectile dysfunction, 447, 448 penetration, 375 Vascular therapy, 19 penis, 374 Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction, 172–173 penis size, 374 Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), 495 phosphoidiesterase inhibitors, 498 Vasodilator drugs/PDE-5 inhibitors, 166 topical creams, 497–498 Vestibulectomy, 306–308 types, 374 Vestibulodynia, 305, 306 vaginal stimulation, 375 Viagra, 340 World Health Organization (WHO), 539 636 Index

World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale, Brief Form dosing, 403 (WHOQOL-BREF), 557 multifaceted effect, 402 WSW, 433 Pausinystalia yohimbe tree, 402 side effects, 403 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), 29, 35 Y , 190, 236, 264–265 binding alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors, 402 Z clinical studies, 403 Zinner syndrome, 258