Planning Strategy for Developing Pilot Eco Industrial Estates in India
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PLANNING STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPING PILOT ECO INDUSTRIAL ESTATES IN INDIA September 1, 2005 Issues & Concerns Environmental Concerns in Industrial Estates Improper Siting: • Adequate ‘designated sites’ in Master/Regional Plans do not exist • Environmental aspects not usually considered in site selection (EIA recently made mandatory) • Designated sites in Master Plan are not necessarily based on env. Considerations Environmental Concerns Within the Estate: • Lack of proper layouts • Lack of infrastructure • Lack of appropriate management structures for the estate Environmental Concerns Outside the Estate: • Haphazard development of housing areas • Over exploitation of resources eg. water • Impact on surrounding land uses viz. habitation, agriculture, forests etc. • Stress on already inadequate supporting infrastructure viz. roads, hospitals etc. • Haphazard development of industry based activities Comparison of Existing Industrial Estate Sites (1) IDA Jeedimatla, IDA Nacharam, IDA Mallapur: . Size of the industrial estates vary between 200 and 800 acres . Estates are loose agglomeration of self containing small companies which occupy rather large plots . Sites are not well planned. Installation of any common utilities and waste treatment with pipe network will be (too) expensive due to long distances. Roads are open to public thereby posing risks to transport of materials/chemicals . There is no proper drainage/sewerage system . Electrical distribution is by the Power Company to the individual industries . There are very limited common services, the only common services being mainly roads, lighting and storm water drains (exception IDA Jeedimatla with CETP) IDA Jeedimetla IDA Nacharam/IDA Mallapur SEZ Visakhapatnam SEZ Visakhapatnam SEZ Visakhapatnam SEZ Visakhapatnam SEZ Visakhapatnam SEZ Visakhapatnam Vizag Steel Plant: Total site : 22,000 acres land Land under plant : about 1,300 acres (plant might expand to a maximum of 6,000 acres) Rest of the land is under forest, housing, water reservoirs etc. Comparison of Industrial Estate Sites (2) . Bayer Chemical Park at Leverkusen – about 1,000 acres, since 1891, 26200 employees . Caojng SCIP Park – 5,560 acres, investment of 35-50 billion US$ . Chemical Park Dormagen, 600 Ha, Since 1917, 9600 employees . Chemical Park Krefeld-Uerdingen, since 1877, 300 Ha, 9500 employees . Industrial Park Brunsbüttel, since 1973, 420 Ha, 1300 employees . Sites in Andhra Pradesh are generally not well planned. Sites occupy large land and are loosely agglomerated with units. Estates rarely have common services. Land under individual industries is large. Investments at the sites are extremely low as compared to the estates in the other parts of the world. In Andhra Pradesh, General India Steel Company 22,000 acres 1,300 to 6,000 acres Pharmaceuticals 2,200 acres 200 acres Chemical parks Varying 1000 acres AP SEZ site 9,300 acres Trends in Modern Industrial Estates Outside India . Modern estates are well planned . Have large infrastructure corridors and well planned services . Site Master Planning is well prepared to accommodate units properly . Investments per unit area of the estate are very high. Estates employ very large number of people per unit area of the estate. Eco Industrial Estate: Objective & Definitions Eco Industrial Estates: Objectives To minimize conflicts between “industry” and “environment” while ensuring: . Industrial development compatible to social, environmental and economic needs . Improved economic performance of industries and investment safety . Harmonious development around the estate MoU signed between GTZ and partners in June 2004 India to take up Pilot work started for 2 existing estates and one upcoming estate in Andhra Pradesh in India Definitions (1) Eco Industrial Estate: An industrial estate that has no adverse conflicts between “industry” and “environment” and ensures: a) industrial development is compatible to social, environmental and economic needs b) improved economic performance of industries and investment safety c) harmonious development around the estate . Accommodates several industries which are legally separate entities. Site is owned and operated by a single company (private or non-private) called as Eco Industrial Estate Operator. All the services on the site are conducted directly by this company. Infrastructure/services are provided by the Eco Industrial Estate Operator or are carried out by third parties (one or more independent infrastructure companies) exclusively for the company. Environmental considerations are adequately in-built. Definitions (2) Eco Industrial Estate Operator: . Company which owns the land on which the EIE is built and therefore fulfils the role of owner/landlord. Operator provides or organises wide range of services. Some of the services are mandatory for all EIE users - emergency management, security, fire, power supplies etc. Operator holds a relatively strong position and sometimes takes on the role of site manager in relations with the outside world. Definitions (3) Eco Industrial Estate Operator …… (2) The EIE Operator is responsible for: . Management inside the EIE . Safety and security of the EIE . Marketing of the APSEZ and the integration of new investors . Further development of the EIE . Communication with the neighbourhood Responsible Care: Commitment to the global Responsible Care initiative to bring about continuous improvement in health, safety and environmental protection. - Responsibility: all companies of EIE, EIE Operator Definitions (4) EIE users: All companies in the EIE but not EIE operator. EIE Committee: The EIE management structure is responsible for everyday life on the site. The common decision-making body is the EIE Committee. It holds regular meetings and all companies of EIE are represented on the committee and enjoy voting rights for taking decisions. Investors: The Investors have bought or rented lots inside the EIE. They are planning, building and operating their plants in the EIE. They are responsible for the security and safety inside their plants. They can benefit from all the synergies available at the EIE. These include the wide range of material and product networks, access to research and development groups, mastery of key innovative technologies, provision of human resources support, commercial success together with other companies at the EIE and the offerings of the Service Companies. Definitions (5) ECO Aspects of Eco Industrial Estate: . Minimal conflicts between “industry” and “environment” . Improved environmental performance of individual industries . Harmonious/compatible development around the estate . Appropriate site layout plans with safety aspects . Maintaining of environmental quality . Greenery inside, buffer zones to outside . Resource conservation at the site . Waste water management and safe disposal . Industrial and hazardous waste management . Common utilities (power, steam ….) . Efficient environmental management - Centre for Safety, Security and Environment [serves as emergency response centre (fire, chemical hazard, incidents); monitors eco-relevant data] Advantages of Eco Industrial Estate . Investors can concentrate on core business . Increased efficiency . Environment friendly – many preventive, control and management measures inbuilt . Economy of scale for services . Optimized shared services . Optimized synergies . Marketing advantage for foreign investors . A high level of acceptance of the site in the surroundings . One window to authorities and neighbourhood . This is generally requested from international investors . This is nowadays standard for world class EIE Eco Industrial Estate: Planning Strategy for Siting Regional Environmental Assessments Scale : 1250,000 Suitability to Air Polluting Industries SITE SUITABILITY TO AIR POLLUTING INDUSTRIES MAP J (without Considering water pollution) H A N R MAP -5 Chittaranjan K H # A N D M U R S H I D A B A D # Hindusthan Cables Town Salanpur Murshidabadj n # a Jemari (J.K. Nagar Township) g m i z A A Barabani o JA T Y RIVER i B é i r w ay Ikr r il a u a Bra u é R nch é S n S r To D han ba d te To Suri o s o é a T I E T To D han ba d # é é R Kulti (M) Jamuria B Dalurband # Birbhum H e U n i M L d Ketugram - I r H Pandabeswar o ² # h C o Asansol a Ketugram - II o 5 y H- i S h # t i g Asansol Chhora a N Kenda S n h - a l r # t # a u e l d p k Bahula l y n i n o A A i B R # Khandra t # n i P Raniganj o # a Katwa v T e h r U Ukhra S # D o Raniganj Raniganj é R Ondal T Katwa n i o U Ondal Faridpur Durgapur é t c e I S L a # tw # A I Kajora e a K Dainhat n - i n E A L a as tern p m R a ailw o h ay # o d Ban é d Dignala L d el r -B a arh y arw a B a B ² y an w ch l a # i l w # a a Ondal i r a Durgapur R u R S k n n Katwa - I n r r H a e e - t t 8 B s s a a o Durgapur Kanksa E E Katwa - II T 9 - H S K u Mangolkote D n u r am Ausgram - rI R iv e o da ZONING ATLAS r R Guskara . Ausgram - II # Guskara Purbasthali - II # BARDDHAMAN DISTRICT é Kanksa WEST BENGAL K Note: Industries with impact potential less than 2 h a Bhatar r i N a d i # Srirampur Sukdal 7 REFERENCES # - km (A4 category) may be considered for siting H S Manteswar SH-8 Purbasthali - I B anywhere in the district based on micro-level A Galsi - I District Boundary N Burdwan - II conditions,Bloc kexcept Boundary in the areas that are to be K Galsi - II U NH -2 R avoided. NHowever,ational Highway in all the cases micro-level Kalna - I State Highway A Burdwan - I Memari - II assessmentsDurgap uarer Exp ressentialessway before taking final decision # Kalna Barddhaman Railway on site suitability. Also, „consent to establish‟ is Barddhaman # Kalna é To H ow rah Site Suitability To Air Polluting Industries Without Considering Water Pollution Khandaghosh é To Ma gr a required in all cases.