Electromagnetic Therapy for Neurological and Neurodegenerative Diseases: I Peripheral Brain Stimulations
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Electroconvulsive Therapy Today
IN-DEPTH REPORT ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY TODAY Irving M. Reti, M.B.B.S., is the director of the Electroconvulsive Therapy Service at The Johns Hopkins Hospital and an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He has received numerous honors in his distinguished career, including The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Clinician Scientist Award, and his research work is funded by the National Institutes of Health. His research papers have been published in such medical journals as Neuropsychopharmacology, the Journal of Neurochemistry, and the European Journal of Neuroscience. Dr. Reti hails from Sydney, Australia, where he earned his M.B.B.S. (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery—the equivalent of an M.D. in the United States). He moved to the United States to do his psychiatry residency at Johns Hopkins and served as chief resident. • • • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is hands-down the most controversial treat- ment in modern psychiatry. No other treatment has generated such a fierce and polarized public debate. Critics of ECT say it’s a crude tool of psychiatric coercion; advocates say it is the most effective, lifesaving psychiatric treatment that exists today. The truth is that modern-day ECT is a far cry from the old methods that earned ECT its sinister reputation. For many of you reading this, the thought of ECT conjures up images of the 1975 movie “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest,” with Jack Nicholson thrashing about, forced against his will to endure painful, violent seizures. -
Glossary of Psychological Terms
Glossary of Psychological Terms From Gerrig, Richard J. & Philip G. Zimbardo. Psychology And Life, 16/e Published by Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA. Copyright (c) 2002 by Pearson Education. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx#b ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVWYZ A A-B-A design Experimental design in which participants first experience the baseline condition (A), then experience the experimental treatment (B), and then return to the baseline (A). Abnormal psychology The area of psychological investigation concerned with understanding the nature of individual pathologies of mind, mood, and behavior. Absolute threshold The minimum amount of physical energy needed to produce a reliable sensory experience; operationally defined as the stimulus level at which a sensory signal is detected half the time. Accommodation The process by which the ciliary muscles change the thickness of the lens of the eye to permit variable focusing on near and distant objects. Accommodation According to Piaget, the process of restructuring or modifying cognitive structures so that new information can fit into them more easily; this process works in tandem with assimilation. Acquisition The stage in a classical conditioning experiment during which the conditioned response is first elicited by the conditioned stimulus. Action potential The nerve impulse activated in a neuron that travels down the axon and causes neurotransmitters to be released into a synapse. Acute stress A transient state of arousal with typically clear onset and offset patterns. Addiction A condition in which the body requires a drug in order to function without physical and psychological reactions to its absence; often the outcome of tolerance and dependence. -
Conference Booklet
Royal College of Psychiatrists Annual ECT & Neuromodulation Conference 26-27 November 2020 CONFERENCE BOOKLET Contents Page(s) General information 2 Presentation abstracts and biographies Thursday 26 November 3 Friday 27 November 8 Notes 11 GENERAL INFORMATION Conferences Resources Please see the following link to access the conference resources webpage. Certificates Certificates of attendance will be emailed to delegates after the conference. Speaker presentations Speaker presentations (subject to speaker permission) can be accessed via the conference resources webpage. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to supply presentations due to some items being unpublished and copyright issues. Accreditation This conference is eligible for up to 1 CPD hour per educational activity subject to peer group approval. Feedback A detailed online feedback form can be found at - https://www.surveymonkey.co.uk/r/D3DXDWV All comments received remain confidential and are viewed in an effort to improve future meetings. If you wish to tweet about the conference use @RCPsych. On demand After the conference you will be sent an email with links to the recordings so you will be able to watch the conference on demand. 2 PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS AND BIOGRAPHIES (LISTED BY PROGRAMME ORDER) Thursday 26 November Welcome and Introduction Dr Richard Braithwaite Dr Richard Braithwaite completed his training in General Adult and Old Age Psychiatry within the Wessex Deanery in 2010 and has since been employed as a Consultant Old Age Psychiatrist by the Isle of Wight NHS Trust. He gained an interest in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) at Southampton medical school, taking an active part in delivery of ECT during his basic and higher psychiatric training. -
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Psychiatric Disorders
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research City College of New York 2015 Transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatric disorders Gabriel Tortella University of São Paulo Roberta Casati Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca Luana V M Aparicio University of São Paulo Antonio Mantovani CUNY City College Natasha Senço University of São Paulo See next page for additional authors How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_pubs/658 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Authors Gabriel Tortella, Roberta Casati, Luana V M Aparicio, Antonio Mantovani, Natasha Senço, Giordano D'Urso, Jerome Brunelin, Fabiana Guarienti, Priscila Mara Lorencini Selingardi, Débora Muszkat, Bernardo de Sampaio Pereira Junior, Leandro Valiengo, Adriano H. Moffa, Marcel Simis, Lucas Borrione, and Andre R. Brunoni This article is available at CUNY Academic Works: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_pubs/658 World Journal of W J P Psychiatry Submit a Manuscript: http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/ World J Psychiatr 2015 March 22; 5(1): 88-102 Help Desk: http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/helpdesk.aspx ISSN 2220-3206 (online) DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v5.i1.88 © 2015 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. REVIEW Transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatric disorders Gabriel Tortella, Roberta Casati, Luana V M Aparicio, -
Electroconvulsive Therapy
The Return of Electroshock Therapy Can Sarah Lisanby help an infamous form of depression treatment shed its brutal reputation? John Cuneo DAN HURLEY DECEMBER 2015 ISSUE | HEALTH Like The Atlantic? Subscribe to The Atlantic Daily, our free weekday email newsletter. Email SIGN UP NE MORNING in early October, on her final day as the chair of the O psychiatry and behavioral-sciences department at the Duke University School of Medicine, Sarah Hollingsworth Lisanby ushered me over to a display case in one of the department’s conference rooms. There, behind glass, sits the world’s only museum, such as it is, of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or what most people still call “shock therapy.” The oldest artifacts on display, some of which are made of polished wood and brass, date to the late 19th century, when electrical stimulation was promoted as a cure for a host of ailments. A mid-20th- century relic labeled ELECTRO SHOCK THERAPY EQUIPMENT features a red button in the center helpfully marked START SHOCK. In the popular imagination, ECT—the application to the scalp of an electrical current strong enough to induce a brief seizure—is an archaic practice that might as well be relegated to a museum collection. But according to Lisanby and other leading researchers, the modern version of ECT, far from outmoded, is the most effective therapy available for severe, treatment-resistant depression and bipolar disorder (and even sometimes, when deployed early enough, schizophrenia). No one knows exactly why ECT works—there are many theories—but numerous studies have established that it does work: The vast majority of severely depressed, even suicidal, patients feel much better after a course of treatment. -
Double-Blinded Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial Comparing Cognitive
brain sciences Communication Double-Blinded Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial Comparing Cognitive Side Effects of Standard Ultra-Brief Right Unilateral ECT to 0.5 A Low Amplitude Seizure Therapy (LAP-ST) Nagy A. Youssef 1,2,* , William V. McCall 1 , Dheeraj Ravilla 1, Laryssa McCloud 1 and Peter B. Rosenquist 1 1 Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; [email protected] (W.V.M.); [email protected] (D.R.); [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (P.B.R.) 2 Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Department of Behavioral Health, Fort Gordon, GA 30905 USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +001-706-787-5604; Fax: +001-706-787-8134 Received: 11 October 2020; Accepted: 10 December 2020; Published: 13 December 2020 Abstract: Background: Concerns over cognitive side effects (CSE) of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) still limit its broader usage for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the CSE of Low Amplitude Seizure Therapy (LAP-ST) at 0.5 A compared to Ultra-brief Right Unilateral (UB-RUL) ECT using Time to Reorientation (TRO) as the main acute primary outcome, and (2) to compare effects on depressive symptoms between the two treatment groups. Methods: Participants were referred for ECT, consented for the study, and were randomized to a course of LAP-ST or standard UB-RUL ECT. TRO and depression were measured by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results: Eleven patients consented. Of these, eight with a current major depressive episode (MDE) of unipolar or bipolar disorders were randomized. -
Glossary of Terms for Psychiatric Drugs
GLOSSARY OF TERMS Citizens Commission on Human Rights 6616 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA. USA 90028 Telephone: (323) 467-4242 Fax: (323) 467-3720 E-mail: [email protected] www.cchr.org GLOSSARY OF TERMS ADDICTIVE: a drug, especially an illegal one or a activity: being lively, active; disorder: a condition psychotropic (mind-altering) prescription drug, that that has no physical basis but the diagnosis of which creates a state of physical or mental dependence or relies upon observing symptoms of behavior. These one liable to have a damaging effect. behaviors include: has too little attention, is too active, fidgets, squirms, fails to complete homework ADRENALINE: a hormone secreted by the inner or chores, climbs or talks excessively, loses pencils or part of the adrenal glands, which speeds up the toys and interrupts others. heartbeat and thereby increases bodily energy and resistance to fatigue. ATYPICAL: new, not typical, not like the usual or normal type. An atypical drug could be a new AKATHISIA: a, meaning “without” and kathisia, antidepressant or antipsychotic as opposed to older meaning “sitting,” an inability to keep still. Patients ones of the same class. The term atypical was used pace about uncontrollably. The side effect has been to market newer drugs as having fewer side effects linked to assaultive, violent behavior. than older drugs of the same class.Thorazine is a typical antipsychotic; Zyprexa is an atypical. Elavil AMPHETAMINES: any group of powerful drugs, or Remeron are typical antidepressants, Prozac and called stimulants, that act on the central nervous Zoloft are atypicals. system (the brain and the spinal cord), to increase heart rate and blood pressure and reduce fatigue. -
Review Article Magnetic Seizure Therapy for Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: a Systematic Review
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Neural Plasticity Volume 2015, Article ID 521398, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/521398 Review Article Magnetic Seizure Therapy for Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review Eric Cretaz,1,2 André R. Brunoni,3 and Beny Lafer2 1 Service of Electroconvulsive Therapy, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao˜ Paulo, Dr. Ov´ıdio Pires de Campos Street 785, 05403-903 Sao˜ Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao˜ Paulo, Dr. Ov´ıdio Pires de Campos Street 785, 05403-903 Sao˜ Paulo, SP, Brazil 3Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao˜ Paulo, Dr. Ov´ıdio Pires de Campos Street 785, 05403-903 Sao˜ Paulo, SP, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Eric Cretaz; [email protected] Received 13 October 2014; Accepted 15 December 2014 Academic Editor: Ana C. Andreazza Copyright © 2015 Eric Cretaz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is a novel, experimental therapeutic intervention, which combines therapeutic aspects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation, in order to achieve the efficacy of the former with the safetyofthelatter.MSTmightprovetobeavaluabletoolinthetreatmentofmooddisorders,suchasmajordepressivedisorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. Our aim is to review current literature on MST. Methods. OVID and MEDLINE databases were used to systematically search for clinical studies on MST. The terms “magnetic seizure therapy,”“depression,”and “bipolar” were employed. -
Psychosurgery: Review of Latest Concepts and Applications
Review 29 Psychosurgery: Review of Latest Concepts and Applications Sabri Aydin 1 Bashar Abuzayed 1 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul Address for correspondence and reprint requests Bashar Abuzayed, University, Istanbul, Turkey M.D., Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, K.M.P. Fatih, Istanbul 34089, Turkey J Neurol Surg A 2013;74:29–46. (e-mail: [email protected]). Abstract Although the utilization of psychosurgery has commenced in early 19th century, when compared with other neurosurgical fields, it faced many obstacles resulting in the delay of advancement of this type of surgical methodology. This was due to the insufficient knowledge of both neural networks of the brain and the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases. The aggressive surgical treatment modalities with high mortality and morbid- ity rates, the controversial ethical concerns, and the introduction of antipsychotic drugs were also among those obstacles. With the recent advancements in the field of neuroscience more accurate knowledge was gained in this fieldofferingnewideas for the management of these diseases. Also, the recent technological developments Keywords aided the surgeons to define more sophisticated and minimally invasive techniques ► deep brain during the surgical procedures. Maybe the most important factor in the rerising of stimulation psychosurgery is the assemblage of the experts, clinicians, and researchers in various ► neural networks fields of neurosciences implementing a multidisciplinary approach. In this article, the ► neuromodulation authors aim to review the latest concepts of the pathophysiology and the recent ► psychiatric disorders advancements of the surgical treatment of psychiatric diseases from a neurosurgical ► psychosurgery point of view. Introduction omy in 1935.8,22 Moniz's initial trial resulted in no deaths or serious morbidities, which were seen in the other treat- Psychosurgery existed long before the advent of the frontal ments available for psychological disorders, such as insulin lobotomy. -
Magnetic Seizure Therapy in the Treatment of Depression
Magnetic Seizure Therapy in the treatment of Depression A Randomised Controlled Trial of Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST) compared to Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) for the treatment of depression Professor Paul Fitzgerald & Associate Professor Kate Hoy Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University, Central Clinical School This project was funded by the beyondblue Victorian Centre of Excellence in Depression and Anxiety 1 Main Messages We compared the effects of a new type of depression treatment, Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST), to Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in a group of participants diagnosed with treatment resistant depression. All of the participants showed a significant improvement in their mood over the course of the 4 week treatment trial, irrespective of whether they received ECT or MST. 38% of patients who completed the trial experienced either a partial or complete clinical response to the treatment Cognitive side effects, i.e. problems with memory and attention, are often reported following ECT. Therefore, we also investigated the effects of ECT and MST on cognition. Before and after the course of treatment we asked participants a series of questions about their past (i.e. where did you go on your last holiday). Those participants who had MST were able to retain more information (82%), compared to those who had ECT (72%); although this was not a significant difference. The participants who underwent MST showed significantly improved performances on cognitive tests of psychomotor speed, immediate verbal memory, and executive functioning. They also showed near significant improvements on attention, associate learning, delayed verbal memory and working memory. There was no reduction in cognitive performance across any of the tasks in the MST group. -
New Techniques for Brain Disorders Marc Lévêque
Marc Lévêque Psychosurgery New Techniques for Brain Disorders Preface by Bart Nuttin Afterword by Marwan Hariz 123 Psychosurgery Marc Lévêque Psychosurgery New Techniques for Brain Disorders Preface by Bart Nuttin Afterword by Marwan Hariz 123 Marc Lévêque Service de Neurochirurgie Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris France ISBN 978-3-319-01143-1 ISBN 978-3-319-01144-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-01144-8 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013946891 Illustration: Charlotte Porcheron ([email protected]) Translation: Noam Cochin Translation from the French language edition ‘Psychochirurgie’ de Marc Lévêque, Ó Springer-Verlag France, Paris, 2013; ISBN: 978-2-8178-0453-8 Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. -
Non-Pharmacological Biological Treatment Approaches to Difficult-To-Treat Depression
Treatment resistance Clinical focus Non-pharmacological biological treatment approaches to difficult-to-treat depression t is well recognised that depression frequently does not Summary respond to standard pharmaceutical treatment and Ipsychotherapy techniques.1,2 Non-pharmacological • There has been substantial recent interest in novel biological treatments have a long history of use in difficult- brain stimulation treatments for difficult-to-treat to-treat psychiatric illnesses such as depression. With depression. increasing recognition of the frequency and impact of • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well established, difficult-to-treat depression and a variety of technological effective treatment for severe depression. ECT’s developments, the past 10 years have seen a dramatic problematic side-effect profile and questions increase in interest in development of novel brain regarding optimal administration methods continue to stimulation techniques. Here, I provide an overview of the be investigated. characteristics and current status of development of non- • Magnetic seizure therapy, although very early in pharmacological biological treatments for depression (Box). development, shows promise, with potentially similar efficacy to ECT but fewer side effects. Electroconvulsive therapy • Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are clinically Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most widely used and available in some countries. Limited research suggests effective non-pharmacological biological treatment for VNS has potentially long-lasting antidepressant effects depression and remains the most effective treatment for in a small group of patients. Considerable research difficult-to-treat depression. Its use is particularly indicated supports the efficacy of rTMS. Both techniques require when a rapid antidepressant response is required, such as in further study of optimal treatment parameters.