Burk Technology Matt Leland, Director of Sales – Burk Technology Wednesday November 14, 2018

Modern Remote Control & Monitoring for Radio and TV Broadcasters November Seattle SBE Meeting

Presenter: Paul Shulins, VP/CTO – Burk Technology Matt Leland, Director of Sales – Burk Technology Wednesday November 14, 2018

• Founded in 1985 • Our Sole focus is remote control and monitoring for mission critical applications • Broadcast Market Leader • Recognized innovator • Antenna Monitoring and Protection • Land Mobile Radio

• Consolidate monitoring and control for all remote site functions • Manage national, regional and local market Network Operations Centers • Dynamically calculate and monitor virtual channels • Use autonomous capabilities to react to status changes without human intervention • Manage alarms efficiently

Tower & RF Systems Security GPIO GPIO

SNMP

Environment Power systems Air Chain

GPIO Transmitters

• Industry consolidation presents a new opportunity for centralized control and monitoring of multiple sites that are geographically diverse. • IP based remote control solutions enable one operator to monitor and control hundreds of sites from a single location.

Definition: A virtual channel is a remote control channel who's value can determined by other channels using simple mathematical formulas or Boolean logic. Two types of virtual channels: • Analog • Status

• % = 100 ( / ( )) • % = 100 ( / ( )) 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 ∗ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 ∗ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 • % = 100 / / 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 ∗ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 ∗ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 • Let Analog Channel #1= Measured PA KV • Let𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 Analog Channel∗ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 #2=𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 Measured𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 PA𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 Amps𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 • Let Analog Channel #3= Measured Pwr KW • Define Virtual Channel #4 to be calculated PA % Transmitter Efficiency

/ /

𝐸𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 % = 100 ∗ 𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑟𝑟 𝐾𝐾𝑊𝑊 𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴 𝐾𝐾𝑉𝑉 𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝑚𝑚𝑝𝑝𝑠𝑠

𝐸𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 % = 100 ∗ 10.0 KW / 9.200 KV / 1.55 𝐴𝐴

𝐸𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 % = 70.1

With dynamically calculated efficiency you are able to: • Graph the efficiency over time • Alarm on changes in efficiency • Predict potential failures • Recognize metering problems • Proactively order new tubes only when needed

• = • Let Analog Channel #1 = Measured PA KV 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 ∗ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ∗ 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 • Let Analog Channel #2 = Measured PA Amps • Let = published transmitter efficiency factor • Define Virtual Channel #5 to be calculated indirect power𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸

Indirect Power = PA volts * PA amps * Efficiency Factor = 1 Amps 71 = 10 18

𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 9.20 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 ∗ .56 ∗ . . KW

With dynamically calculated indirect power you are able to: • Confirm direct power meter readings • Estimate power output without a direct power meter • Confirm ongoing compliance with FCC power limits

• (Roh Reflection Coefficient)=SQRT(reflected power/forward power) • = (1 + )/(1 - ) 𝞺𝞺 • Let Analog Channel #129 = Measured Forward Power in Watts 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝞺𝞺 𝞺𝞺 • Let Analog Channel #130 = Measured Reflected Power in Watts • Define Virtual Channel #131 to be the calculated Value of • Define Virtual Channel #132 to be calculated VSWR 𝞺𝞺

=SQRT(reflected power/forward power)

𝞺𝞺 𝞺𝞺=SQRT(60 watts/10,400- watts) 𝞺𝞺=.0759 VSWR=(1+.0759)/(1 .0759) VSWR=1.0759/.9241 VSWR=1.16:1

With dynamically calculated VSWR you are able to: • Alarm on changes in VSWR before they affect operations • Graph VSWR over time • Automatically turn on de-icing equipment early

• Heat Rise=Exhaust Air Temperature-Supply Air Temperature • Let Analog Channel #153 = Measured Supply Air Temperature • Let Analog Channel #154 = Measured Exhaust Air Temperature • Define Virtual Channel #155 to be calculated Heat Rise

°F °F °F Supply Air Temperature=72 Exhaust Air Temperature= 125 Heat Rise=53

With dynamically calculated Heat Rise you are able to:

• Detect changes in transmitter efficiency • Detect subtle changes in airflow • Replace air blowers before they fail

• Let Analog Channel 158 = Transmitter A Forward power • Let Analog Channel 159 = Transmitter B Forward power • Let Status Channel 158 = RF Coax Switch Status Position A • Let Status Channel 159 = RF Coax Switch Status Position B • Define Virtual Channel 160 to be On Air Transmitter Power

On-Air Pwr = (TXA Pwr * Coax Pos A) + (TXB Pwr * Coax Pos B)

• Automated functions respond immediately to off-air events • Switch transmitters based on loss of RF • Switch audio source based on silence sense or loss of PPM encoding detection • Energizing antenna de-icing equipment based on environmental conditions

• Intuitive expression of logic • Graphical editing

• AM Directional station pattern changes • Mute tower light alarms during daylight hours

• Keep Track of tube life • Monitor elapsed time for tower light illumination • Measure daily run times for nitrogen generators • Track AC generator run time • Look at total run times for transmitters

• Multiple Alarms may come in simultaneously • Need to determine the root cause • Ability to suppress “effect” alarms in order to see and understand the root cause of the problem

Power failure may cause: • Silence Sense • PPM Alarms • Utility Power Low Voltage • Utility Power loss of phase • UPS alarm • Transmitter RF Alarm • Generator Start Alarm

Example: STL Signal strength during periods of heavy rain or other temporary conditions where the critical parameter is on the “hairy edge” of exceeding the threshold or changing state rapidly

Solutions: • Define a “re-arm delay period” • Disable the alarm for a period of time

Page 30 | Copyright 2018. Burk Technology. All rights reserved Six Seattle Class C FM stations were knocked off the air Thursday morning, November 8 when a Tiger Mountain master antenna suffered major fire damage. Damage appeared to be confined to the antenna array on the tower and the transmitter buildings below were undamaged.

iHeart stations KZOK 102.5 KBKS 106.1 KJAQ 96.5 20 miles east of Seattle Hubbard stations Elevation of 2800 feet KNUC 98.9 The master antenna is a 32-bay array KQMV 92.5 Self-supporting 300-foot tower Entercom The combined RF power 150 kW KSWD 94.1.. Built in 1999 by American Tower. Antenna Site Monitoring and Protection

• The popularity of common antennas and combiners continues to increase. • The TV Repack causes logical and convenient rebuild opportunities to include installation of protection equipment. • Technology for detecting RF faults keeps getting better and faster. • Often these system are combined with interlock protection for RF Patch Panels and complex RF switching matrices.

• Accurately measure true RMS forward and reflected RF power levels and calculate VSWR more than 100 times per second. • Hard relay interlocking – Remove RF energy from combiner and antenna system in less than 100mS to protect RF equipment.

• Real time data available from a live web page, updated every 10 seconds • Individual reports of each station’s antenna utilization generated and emailed monthly • Daily email summary reports • Text and email alarm notifications for out-of-tolerance power levels, room temperatures, transmission line temperatures, line pressure and other values

• Measure line pressure, line temperature and environmental parameters. • Exclusive algorithm examines VSWR, line gas pressure and room temperature in real time to predict and notify of abnormal trends BEFORE an alarm threshold is reached, allowing failures to be prevented. • Option to tie into weather station to correlate transmission system conditions with wind, temperature and dew point.

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Typical RF Sensor

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Paul Shulins Vice President Chief Technology Officer (978) 486-2286 x640 [email protected]

Matt Leland Sales Director (978) 486-2286 x703 [email protected]