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Historic Environment Assessment for the Civil Parish of Croxton Kerrial, Leicestershire

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Historic Environment Assessment for the Civil Parish of Croxton Kerrial, Leicestershire Historic Environment Assessment for the Civil Parish of Croxton Kerrial, Leicestershire. APPENDICIES Appendix A: Gazetteer of Historic Sites in Croxton Kerrial & Branston Civil Parish as Listed in the Leicestershire Historic Environment Record (LHER) January 2016. Appendix B: Previously Unrecorded Archaeological Sites & Monuments Located during Fieldwork. To be submitted for inclusion in the Leicestershire Historic Environment Record (LHER) Appendix C: Results of Geophysical Survey Employing Magnetometry Techniques on Three Sites in the Village of Croxton Kerrial. Appendix D: Conservation Area Designation Statements for the Villages of Croxton Kerrial and Branston 1 Appendix A: Gazetteer of Historic Sites in Croxton Kerrial & Branston Civil Parish as Listed in the Leicestershire Historic Environment Record (LHER) January 2016. Structure This gazetteer lists all sites, monuments and archaeological find spots in the Civil Parish of Croxton Kerrial & Branston which were recorded in the Leicestershire Historic Environment Record (LHER) as of January 2016. The gazetteer is based on data and mapping provided by Leicestershire County Council’s Historic and Natural Environment Team with additional observations and photographs by the authors based on fieldwork and other research. It is in two parts: Part 1 is a three maps showing the distribution of sites, monuments and archaeological find spots: Map 1 shows Prehistoric and Roman archaeological remains. Map 2 shows Anglo-Saxon to modern archaeological remains. Map 3 shows Historic Buildings in the villages of Branston and Croxton Kerrial Part 2 is a listing of all the sites known in the parish and which are shown on the maps. The gazetteer listing is ordered following the numerical sequence of HER numbers used by the Leicestershire Historic Environment Record. This regrettably means that sites, monuments and find- spots of wildly different ages can be found juxtaposed in the gazetteer. This is offset by the ease of locating the descriptions for the sites shown on the HER Maps and the ability to add additional sites. Previously unrecorded sites located through this study are listed in Appendix B pending their registration on the LHER and the granting of HER numbers. For the purposes of communication within this study they have been given an arbitrary number prefixed with “TEMP”. Within the main document sites of similar ages have been grouped in a series of tables and discussed in approximate chronological order. Given the small number of records some very broad time periods are used: Early Prehistoric: o Palaeolithic (c.700,000 – 10,000 BP) o Mesolithic (c.10,000 – 6,000 BP Later Prehistoric: o Neolithic (c. 6000 – 3000 BP) o Bronze Age o Iron Age Roman: o Romano-British o Roman Post Roman, Anglo Saxon & Norse Mediaeval (c. 1100-1540 AD) Post-Mediaeval (c. 1540-1750 AD) Early Modern and Industrial Revolution (c. 1750-1900 AD) Modern (20th Century) (c. 1900 AD – present) 2 Appendix A – Part 1: The Maps Map 1: Prehistoric and Roman archaeological remains. Page 4 Map 2: Anglo-Saxon to modern archaeological remains. Page 5 Map 3: Historic Buildings in the villages of Branston and Croxton Kerrial Page 6 3 Map 1 Prehistoric and Roman archaeological remains. 4 Map 2 Anglo-Saxon to modern archaeological remains. 5 Map 3 Historic Buildings in the villages of Branston and Croxton Kerrial 6 Appendix A – Part 2: The Gazetteer Note that the majority of photographs have been removed from this version to enable relatively rapid download. The illustrated Gazetteer will be presented on the Parish Council website. 7 ID / HER Ref MLE3390 Name Lynchet earthworks west of Knipton Reservoir Civil Parish Croxton Kerrial, Melton, Leicestershire Map Sheet SK83SW Grid Reference Centred SK 810 301 (442m by 268m) Monument Types LYNCHET (Medieval - 1067 AD? to 1539 AD?) Summary There are terraces or lynchets surviving in pasture on steep slopes around the west side of the reservoir. Sources Additional Information Old SMR Ref: 83SW AR Associated Finds None recorded Activities / Events ELE1044: West of Knipton Reservoir: R.F.Hartley Designations SHINE: Medieval lynchet earthworks west of Knipton Reservoir ID / HER Ref MLE3551 Name Enclosure north of Terrace Hill Farm Civil Parish Croxton Kerrial, Melton, Leicestershire Map Sheet Grid Reference Centred SK 795 320 (110m by 133m) Monument Types RECTILINEAR ENCLOSURE (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD) SITE? (Early Roman - 43 AD to 249 AD) Summary A large rectangular enclosure with rounded corners and an entrance on the east side, together with other fainter marks - possibly a field system - noted from aerial photographs. Fieldwalking in 1978 recovered Roman pottery and a few sherds of Iron Age. Sources Pickering, J & Hartley, R F, 1985, Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire, p44-45 (Bibliographic reference). SLE37. Additional Information Associated Finds SHERD (Medium quantity) (Early Roman - 43 AD to 249 AD) SHERD (Small quantity) (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD) 8 Activities / Events ELE1099: 1978 fieldwalking survey, north of Terrace Hill Farm: R F Hartley Designations SHINE: Iron Age to early Roman settlement cropmarks north of Terrace Hill Farm ID / HER Ref MLE3552 Name Multiple ditch system - King Lud's Entrenchment Civil Parish Sproxton / Croxton Kerrial, Melton, Leicestershire Map Sheet SK82NE Grid Reference Centred SK 865 279 (1364m by 226m) Monument Types MULTIPLE DITCH SYSTEM (Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age - 1000 BC? to 401 BC?) Summary A double-ditched, triple banked earthwork surviving under trees, continued west by parish boundaries. It appears to be a boundary feature relating to 'The Drift' and is believed to be either Saxon or more probably Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age date. Sources ( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6" 1959 ( 2) Hist & Ants. of Leicestershire Vol. 2, pt. 1, (1795) p. 305 and plate 53, fig. 1. (J. Nichols) ( 3) VCH Rutland Vol. 1 (1907), pp 271-2, 274, and fig ( 4) Ancient Earthworks in Leicestershire. p. 11 (1914) (E. A. Downman) ( 5) Notes: C W Phillips/08-AUG-1929 ( 6) Trans Leicestershire. Arch. Soc. Vol. 32, (1956) p. 82 ( 7) Aerial photograph: AP (RAF 106G/UK/633 10-AUG-1945. 3059-3061) ( 8) Hist & Ants of Leicestershire 2 pt 1 1795 305 ( 9) Field Investigators Comments: J Baird/27-JUN-1972/Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division Field Investigator (10) Ann Carter/19-DEC-1995/RCHME: Lincolnshire NMP (11) English Heritage SAM Amendment Leicestershire 28-JUL-1995 (12) Unpublished document: Warren, Sally. 2001. An archaeological watching brief during water mains renewal in the Waltham to Stonesby area of Leicestershire. SLE908. Additional Information SK 8583 2799 to SK 8662 2795] King Lud's Entrenchments (NR) [SK 8685 2793] The Tent [NR] (1) 'William, Earl of Bologne, Mortaigne and Warren, who died in 1160 gave 40 acres of land at Saltby to the Abbey of Croxton and all the waste lands at the three dykes.' 9 'On the boundaries of Saltby and Croxton is a rampart called King Lud's Intrenchments, extending from East to West for nearly 3/4 mile, consisting of a double ditch and several pits or hollows, one deeper than ordinary, into which they say, were stone stairs.' 'From the West it descends a gentle valley which it crosses near the East and terminates on rising ground at a pit called The Tent ['F'] where tradition says King Lud was killed. From ditch to ditch it is 7 yds broad, and in other places not more than 4 yards. Where the plough and spade have spared it, it is 6 ft high'. (2) King Lud's Entrenchments. (Miscellaneous Earthwork - Class X). A line of entrenchments 3,050 ft long, lies due east and west; it occupies ground slightly higher than its southern prospect, in which direction the land gradually falls. The extreme west consists of a double fosse and single vallum, but it has been weakened in recent years; the most perfect section is one- third of its distance from the west, here are a triple vallum and double fosse; From the north side the vallum is 4ft high and 10 ft wide, the first fosse is 8 ft deep, the second vallum, of the same height, is 15ft wide, the second fosse 6 ft deep, and the outer vallum, 11ft wide, is 4ft above the exterior level. The eastern third of the entrenchments has almost perished. The Tent is a deep pear-shaped excavation, perhaps a dwelling or a guardroom; the entrance is at the north-west, close to the vallum, at which point was also an entrance through the lines. A bank is around the curve of the north-east side, from which the hollow is 26ft deep. (3) King Lud's Entrenchments have no special command of the neighbourhood; about 450ft above sea level, with land to the immediate north rather higher. The earthwork which consists of two ramparts and two ditches may have extended a few hundred feet further to the East; its purpose is uncertain, but it does not appear to have formed a boundary dike. It is now [1913] planted with trees. (4) A double-ditched dyke; traces of the work begin on the north edge of Egypt Plantation, a little to the east of The Tent. It gets stronger till near the west of Cooper's Plantation the ditches are as much as 3 ft deep and then it tails off to vanish before it reaches the road north of Saltby. The parish boundaries to the east and west look very much as though the work had once been much longer. (5) Scheduled Monuments in Leicestershire. King Lud's Entrenchments. Saxon. A boundary of Frontier earthwork double-ditched. [No period is allocated to this earthwork in the Ministry of Works scheduled list]. (6) Possible traces of a continuation of this feature are visible from SK 8452 2756 to SK 8421 2755.
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