Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41654-2 — the Language of Humor Don L

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41654-2 — The Language of Humor Don L. F. Nilsen , Alleen Pace Nilsen Index More Information

Index

The Abduction from the Seraglio (Mozart), Akihito, Emperor of Japan, 280 211 Alazons, 180 Abedin, Huma, 229, 230, 231, 292 Albert, Eddie, 124 Abort the Republicans, 152 Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, 200 The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Indian (Alexie), 19 Good, Very Bad Day (Viorst), 76, 80, 114 Abstract Expressionism, 29 Alexie, Sherman, 19 Accidental humor, 8 Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll), from children, 295, 313–316 63, 296 Accusatoriness, in cartoons, 32–33 Aliens, in sitcoms, 125 Action painting, 29 All in the Family (TV show), 27, 124 The Act of Creation (Koestler), 28, 56 All Joking Aside: American Humor and its Adams, Atomic Azgnut, 198 Discontents (Krefting), 195 Adams, Hunter Doherty, 197–199 Allegories, 185 Adams, Lars Zig Edquist, 198 Allen, Amoy, 93 Adams, Nick, 32 Allen, Gracie, 122 Adams, Patch, 194, 197–199 Allen, Woody, 207, 232 Adams, Reginald, 253 Allusions, 9, 83, 167 Adams, Scott, 35, 48 geographical, 188 Adamson, Joe, 35 humorous, to children’s literature, 189–191 The Addams Family (TV show), 123 in children’s literature, 78–83 Adophasis, 188 mondegreens as, 11 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Twain), as tropes, 185 181 Ambiguity, 254–256 The Adventures of Pinocchio (Collodi), 167 double entendre and, 320 Advertising intentional, 164 for McDonald’s restaurants, 50 misinterpretation and, 297 humor in, 48–49 paradox of, 297 Advertising Rhetoric of Madison Avenue Amelia Bedelia books (Parish), 76 (AROMA), 322 Amelioration, eponyms and, 220 Aesop, 248, 327 American Beauty (film), 244 Affiliative humor, 297, 301, 302 American Indian Comedy slam, 17 benefits of, 195 American Indians, 23 African-American humor, 14–16 clowns of, 335 sitcoms and, 123 conflict with settlers, 272 Age differences in humor, 72–74 humor of, 16–19, 104 Agee, James, 263 Indian Schools and, 119, 273 Aggressive humor, 298, 301, 302 reservations for, 273 detrimental effects of, 195 sports team names and, 272–276 Agnew, Spiro, 279 tribes of, 17 Aguilla, Daniel, 32 Amos ’n’ Andy (TV show), 123 Airplane (film), 241 Amsterdam, Morey, 207

367

368 Index

Anachronisms, 65, 238, 329, 330 Attention-grabbing, in cartoons, 30–32 Anacoluthon, 328, 330 Auguste clowns, 337 Analogies, 330 Aunt Erma’s Cope Book (Bombeck), 143 farfetched, 329 Austen, Jane, 90, 179, 181 Analyze This (film), 241 Australia, Irish in, 20 Anatomy of Criticism (Frye), 177 Avon cosmetics company, 102 Anaya, Rudolfo, 23 Anderson, Leroy, 214 Baby and Child Care (Spock), 92 Andrews, Julie, 114, 209 Baby Driver (film), 244 Angle, Sharron, 33 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 210, 211 Animal Farm (Orwell), 165, 179, 325 Baker, Russell, 92 Animal House (film), 239 Baldwin, Alec, 289 Animals Ball, LaVar, 289 as team mascots, 270 Balzac, Honoré de, 157 characteristics separating humans from, 61 The Barber of Seville (Rossini), 212 Animated sitcoms, 124, 125 Barbs, 341–342 Animation, 171 Barefoot Boy with Cheek (Shulman), 109 Aniston, Jennifer, 148 Barreca, Regina, 89, 90 Annie Get Your Gun (musical), 206 Barrett, Judi, 83 Anthony, Bert, 268 Barrett, Ron, 83 Anthropology, 13–14 Barrick, Mac E., 129 Antithesis, 167 Barth, Belle, 24 Anything for a Vote: Dirty Tricks, Cheap The Basic Humor Process: A Cognitive-Shift Shots, and October Surprises in U. S. Theory and the Case against Incongruity Presidential Campaign (Cummins), 291 (Latta), 252 Apte, Mahadev L., 14 Beany and Cecil cartoons, 77 Aptronyms, 310 Beatlemania (musical), 205 Aquinas, St. Thomas, 259 Beattie, J., 252 The Arab News, 36 Beaver Female Seminary, 270 Araprosdokians, 192 Beck, Tom, 81, 190 Arbuckle, Fatty, 241 Beckett, Samuel, 20 Arcadia University, 270 Beethoven, Ludvig van, 210, 211 Archaisms, 186 Beetlejuice (film), 243 Architecture, humorous, 30 The Beggar’s Opera (musical), 206 Architecture, maximalism in, 29 Behaviorist hypothesis of language Arcimboldo, Giuseppe, 36, 177 acquisition, 250 Are You There, God? It’s Me, Margaret Behaviors, 296–298 (Blume), 76 “Bells” (Poe), 328 Aristophanes, 179 Benny, Jack, 207 Aristotle, 252, 259, 321 Benson, Steve, 283 The Arizona Republic, 148 Bergen, Edgar, 20 Arizona Diamondbacks, 269 Bergson, Henri, 260, 285 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Berra, Yogi, 72, 330 267–268 Best Editorial Cartoons of the Year (Brooks, Artemis Fowl books (Colfer), 20, 104 ed.), 229 Arthur (film), 241 Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (musical), 206 Arthur, Bea, 125 Better Foot Forward: The History of American Artistic originality, 28, 56–57 Musical Theatre (Mordden), 206 Assembly line, 55 Between Two Ferns with Zach Galifianakis Association for Applied and Therapeutic (video), 67 Humor, 1, 195 Beverly Hillbillies (TV show), 124 Astaire, Fred, 242 Bevo (mascot), 269 Astley, Philip, 337 Beyl, Charles, 229 At Wit’s End (Bombeck), 143 Bidpai, 248 Attardo, Salvatore, 166, 253 Big Bad Wolf, 78

Index 369

The Big Bang Theory (TV show), 125, 180 Brousfield, B., 304 The Big Lebowski (film), 244 Brown, Alan, 303 The Big Apple, 98 Brown, Jerry, 33 Bildungsroman novels, 181 Bruce, Lenny, 196 Biles, Simone, 218 Bruegel, Peter, 36 Biloxi Blues (film), 240 Brunvand, Jan Harold, 130, 346 Biloxi Blues (Simon), 99 Bryant, Aidy, 290 Biomedical model of health psychology, 299 Buchwald, Art, 142, 143–145, 336 Biopsychosocial model of health psychology, Buck, Ken, 33 299 Buckley, William F., Jr., 172 Bird in Flight (Brâncus¸i), 29 Buddhism, Tibetan, laughter and Bish, Randy, 32 openmindedness stressed by, 310 Biting satire, 164 Budweiser beer, 101 Blackadder Goes Forth (TV show), 236 Bugs Bunny “Blackface comedy”, 123 Fifty Years and Only One Grey Hare Blair, Tony, 234 (Adamson), 35 Blazing Saddles (film), 238 Bull Durham (film), 241 Bless Me Ultima (Anaya), 23 Bullets over Broadway (film), 241 Blitt, Barry, 33 Bunkerisms, 330 Blount, Roy, 33 Bunyan, John, 310 Blume, Judy, 76 Bunyan, Paul, 127 Blumenfeld, Warren S., 176 Bureau of Indian Affairs schools, 119, 273 Body language, unintentional, 265 Burgess, Anthony, 179 Boehner, John, 80 Burgess, Gelett, 328 Bogue, Merwyn, 208 Burlesque shows, 337 Bombeck, Bill, 142 Burnett, Carol, 209 Bombeck, Erma, 141–143 Burns, George, 122, 208 Bond, Felicia, 83 Bush, Barbara, 280 Book of Mormon (musical), 216 Bush, George H. W., 280 Borat (film), 240 Bush, George W., 62, 257, 281 Borge, Victor, 214, 215 Business humor, 43–54 Boskin, Joseph, 24, 128, 131, 132 customers and, 43, 48–49 Bottomley, Virginia, 234 kinds of, 43 Boyd, Brian, 252 Buster Brown Shoes, 35 B-Phlat, 197 Butler, Ron, 234 Bradbury, Ray, 179 Byrne, Jason, 20 The Brady Bunch (TV show), 123 Brâncus¸i, Constantin, 29 Cabaret (musical), 205 Brant, William, 304 Cacography, 330 Braque, Georges, 28 Caconyms, 233 Brave New World (Huxley), 179 Caddyshack (film), 241 Breathed, Berkeley, 35 Caesar, Sid, 207 Brice, Fanny, 24 Callahan, John, 35 Bridesmaids (film), 94 Callus, Charlie, 207 Bridges, Jeff, 244 The Calvin and Hobbes Tenth Anniversary Brigham Young University Book (Watterson), 35 computer animation program of, 39 Campbell, Joseph, 180, 308 Brinsley, Richard, 172 Can Can, 213 Broadway musical theater, 215–216 Candid Camera (TV show), 338 Brontë, Emily, 179 Candide (Voltaire), 181 The Bronx Bird Watcher (song), 236 Canon in D (Pachelbel), 210 Brooks, Albert, 26 Canova, Judy, 207 Brooks, Charles, 229 Canterbury Tales (Chaucer), 180 Brooks, Mel, 238 The Capitol Steps (musical group), 214, 236 Broom Hilda (comic strip), 34 Captain Kangaroo (TV show), 77

370 Index

Captain Marvel, 34 Chiasmus, 168 Captain Underpants books (Pilkey), 80 Chicano/a humor, 22–24 Car names, 227 Chicken Little, 78 Card, Orson Scott, 181 Children of a Lesser God (film), 239 Caricatures, 30 Children, accidental humor from, 295, Carle, Eric, 82 313–316 Carlin, George, 196 Children’s literature Carnahan, Robin, 33 allusion in, 78–83 Carnival of the Animals (Saint-Saëns), 213 cartoons alluding to, 190 Carroll, Lewis, 63, 171, 296 exaggeration in, 76 Carson, Ben, 257 excitation-transfer theory and, 77 Carson, Johnny, 92, 207 humorous allusions to, 189–191 Carter, Jimmy, 157, 279, 280 Children’s TV, 77–78 Cartoons, 30–33 Chomsky, Noam, 170, 250, 330 about disabilities, 35 Christian, Michael, 306 allusions in, 81, 82, 190 Christie, Agatha, 178 about Anthony Weiner, 229 Church humor, 315 Beany and Cecil, 77 Churchill, Winston, 73, 333 about death, 310 Cicero, 259 about Harry Potter, 190 Circumlocution, 186 in newspapers, 138 Circus clowns, 337 obituary, 74, 147 Cisneros, Sandra, 24 political, 102, 279, 283 Citizen Kane (film), 240 religious, 308–310 Clark, Ann Nolan, 119 about weddings, 310 Clark, Bud, 279 "Willie and Joe", 128 Classical music, humor in, 210–213 Carvey, Dana, 35 Clay, Henry, 172 Catch 22 (Heller), 180 Cleese, John, 310 The Catcher in the Rye (Salinger), 180, 181 Cleveland Indians, mascot of, 272, 275, 276 Cathedral architecture, 29 Clichés, 320 Cathy (comic strip), 34 Clinton, Bill, 229, 341 Cats (musical), 205 State of the Union speech of, 288 Catskill Mountains, comedy shows in, 24 Clinton, Hillary, 114, 229, 231, 257, 289, 292 Caudill, Abbie, 46 A Clockwork Orange (Burgess), 179 Ceci n’est pas une pipe (Magritte), 38 A Clockwork Orange (film), 243 Celebrity roasts, 333 Clothes, gender-neutral, 91 Cell phones Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (Barrett auto-correct function on, 66 and Barrett), 83 changes brought to writing by, 66 Clowns, 334–341 Cézanne, Paul, 28 Auguste, 337 Chagall, Marc, 37 changing roles of, 341 Champagne, 101 circus, 337 Chaplin, Charlie, 155, 241, 278, 336 early, 335–336 Chapman, Anthony, 264 harlequin, 337 Chappelle, Dave, 263 of Indian tribes, 335 Character clowns, 338 Pierrot, 337 Charged humor, 195 of Renaissance Europe, 335 Charged jokes, 196 Russian, 338 Chariots of Fire (film), 236 scary, 342–347 Charney, Leo, 125 Coen, Ethan, 99, 180, 243, 244 Chase, Chevy, 207, 279 Coen, Joel, 99, 180, 243, 244 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 180 Coffee-table comic books, 35 Chauvinist, as eponym, 221 Cognitive development, humor appreciation Cheers (TV show), 124 and, 294 Cheney, Dick, 191, 281 Colbert, Stephen, 20, 288

Index 371

Colfer, Eoin, 20, 104 Cooperative principle, 323–326 College of Alameda mascot, 272 Corden, James, 289 collegehumor.com, 67 The Cosby Show (TV show), 123 Collodi, Carlo, 167, 181 Cotler, Seth, 80 Colonies of England, 23 Coward, Noël, 85, 234 Columbus Breaking an Egg (Hogarth), 36 Cowboys, 128 Columbus, Christopher, 17, 272, 273 Creation stories, 248 Comedie Française, 206 Creationism, debate about, 157 Comedies. See also Situation comedies Creativity, types of, 28, 56 (sitcoms) Cresci, D., 172 tragedies vs., 179 Critique of Sarcastic Reason (Brant), 304 Comedy, 180 Crockett, Davy, 127 Comedy clubs, 196 Cronkite, Walter, 140 Comedy in Music (Broadway show), 215 Crumb, Robert, 34 Comedy of humors, 180 Cubism, 28, 37 Comedy of manners, 181 Culture. See also specific cultural groups Comedy shows cultural differences in humor and, 102–105 Internet, 133 dead metaphors and, 103 Jewish, 24 public art and, 102 Comedy slam, 18 Cummins, Joseph, 291 Comedy Store, 18 Curry, Steph, 289 Comey, James, 231, 292 Comic inspiration, 28, 56 D. C. Comics, 34 Comic operas, 213 Dada Movement, 29 Comic strips Daddy Warbucks theory of presidential about Evan Mecham, 287 qualifications, 168 in newspapers, 34, 141 The Daily Show, 80, 288 post-World War II, 121 Dalai Lama, 310 yellow journalism and, 139–140 Dalí, Salvador, 28, 38 Comic vision Dana, Bill, 13 in religions, 310 Dangerfield, Rodney, 297 tragic vision vs., 295 Daniels, Stormy, 289 Comics Code Authority, 34 Danse Macabre (Saint-Saëns), 212 Comics, mainstream collections of, 35 Dark comedy, in film, 242–245 Coming-of-age novels, 181 Dark humor, 179 Commedia dell’arte, 337 Daschle, Tom, 81 musical theater and, 206 Daumier, Honoré, 28 Commercial names, 227–228 David Letterman Show (TV show), 272 Commercialism, in art, 39 Davies, Christie, 14 Composition. See Rhetoric and composition Davis, Michael, 167 “Computer Model of ‘A Sense of Humour’” Day of the Dead, 340 (Suslov), 252 Dayton Journal Herald, 142 Computer science, 55–68 DC Comics, 34 Computers De Kooning, Willem, 29 auto-correct function on, 66 De Paola, Tomie, 83 problems with, 59 Dead metaphors, 103, 169 Confucius, 321 Dead-celebrity industry, 154 Congreve, William, 20 Death Conservation, humor appreciation cartoons about, 310 development and, 294 humor related to, 73, 146–149 Contemporary Stylistics (Brousfield), 304 Death of a Salesman (Miller), 179 Continental Airlines, 92 Degas, Edgar, 28 Conversational implicatures, 323–326 Del Toro, Benicio, 244 Conway, Tim, 336 Delamere, Neil, 20 Cooperative humor, 65 Delta State University mascot, 272

372 Index

“Les Demoiselles d’Avignon” (Picasso), 37 Dr. Seuss, 82, 248 Denims, 97 Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Dennet, Daniel, 253 Worrying and Love the Bomb (film), 243 Depp, Johnny, 244 Draco, 159 “Der Fuehrer’s Face”, 208 Dracula (Stoker), 179 Descartes, René, 259 Dragonball Z Abridged (video series), 67 Desegregation, 16 Drake, Milton, 172 Deseret, 106 Drama, in sitcoms, 124–126 Developmental stages of ethnic humor, 14 “Drunk History” (video), 67 DeVito, Danny, 240 Du Maurier, Daphne, 325 Devos, Betsy, 289 Duchamp, Marcel, 28, 37 Dick Van Dyke Show (TV show), 124 Duchenne display, 264 Dickens, Charles, 170, 171, 181, 330 Duck Soup (film), 334 Dickinson, Peter, 90 Duncan, Lois, 66 Dickson, Paul, 130 Dunce, as eponym, 221 A Dictionary of Modern English Usage Dundes, Alan, 130 (Fowler), 304 Durante, Jimmy, 170, 209 Die Fledermaus (Strauss), 212 Durocher, Leo, 170 Diff’rent Strokes (TV show), 123 Dust in our Desks (Nilsen), 119 Digital age, 55–68 Dvorˇák, Antonin, 213 changes in humor due to, 61 cruel practical joking and, 305–306 Eaglebear, Vaughn, 18 new life for old jokes and, 62 Eagles, symbolism of, 271 Digital equipment, 64 Easter Bunny, 338 in class, 71 Eastman, Peter, Jr., 224 Digital media, 66 Ebert, Roger, 199 laughing at, 65–66 Ecumenism, 318–319 The Dilbert Principle (Adams), 35 Edison’s medicine, 174 Dilbert (cartoon), 48 Edquist, Linda, 198 Diller, Phyllis, 196, 207 Education Disabilities Bureau of Indian Affairs Schools and, 119 cartoons about, 35 humor in, 69–77 jokes about, 129 physical, 262 mainstreaming and, 129 Education for All Handicapped Children Act, Disney, Walt, 248 129 Disparagement Einstein, Albert, 154 in Jewish humor, 25 Einstein, Harry, 26 of minorities, 151 Eirons, 180 “Dit, Dat, Dittem, Dattem, Wattem, Chew”, Eiseman, James, 286 208 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 279 Diversity training, integrating humor training Eisterhold, Jodi, 263 into, 46 Elizabeth, Queen of England, 62, 145 Dixie Chicks singing group, 85 Ellison, Ralph, 181 Doggerel, intentional, 328 Emma (Austen), 181 Doggerel poetry, 328 Emotions, 297 Dole, Bob, 341 smiling and, 298 A Doll’s House (Ibsen), 89 Ender’s Game (Card), 181 Domingo, Placido, 209 “Endlessly Rising Canon” (Bach), 211 Don’t Tell the Grown-Ups: Why Kids Love the English language Books They Do (Lurie), 76 borrowed words in, 174–175 Dona Ocell (Miró), 38 sexism in, 93 Donleavy, J. P., 21, 104 Enigma, 320 Doonesbury (comic strip), 34, 287 Eponyms, 168, 219–223 Dotted Swiss cloth, 100 processes of language change and, 221 Double entendre, 164, 327 samples of, 221–223 ambiguity and, 320 Ernst, Max, 28

Index 373

Errors, rhetorical devices vs., 326–331 MacGuffins in, 239–240 Escher, M. C., 38 parody in, 238–241 Esquivel, Laura, 23 quest stories in, 240 ET: The Extraterrestrial (film), 295 screwball comedies, 241 Ethics, in journalism, 136 silent movies, 241 Ethnic Humor around the World: A tragicomedy in, 242 Comparative Analysis (Davies), 14 wish fulfillment in, 239 Ethnic jokes, 132 Finding Nemo (film), 240 Ethnic studies, 13–14 Fine, Gary Alan, 263 Ethos, 321 Finnegan’s Wake (Joyce), 104 Euphonyms, 233 First Draft News, 138 “Europe’s Lighter Side” (Buchwald), 145 Fisher, Art, 225 Everybody Loves Raymond (TV show), 126 Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 225 Exaggeration, in children’s literature, 76 Fitzsimmons, David, 73 Excerpts from Court Reporters – Funny Biz, Flint, Larry, 156 152 The Flintstones (TV show), 124 Excitation-Transfer Theory, 77 Flynn, Gillian, 325 Exonyms, 100 FOAF tales, 130–131 Expressionism, 29, 36, 39 Folk humor, 127–133 Folk tales, 78 Fahrenheit 451 (Bradbury), 179 Ford, Gerald, 168, 279, 328 Fairbanks, Douglas, Sr., 241 Ford, Henry, 55 Fairooz, Desiree, 150 Four Past Midnight (King), 179 Fake news “The Four Seasons” (Vivaldi), 177 satire or parody vs., 138 Fowler, Henry Watson, 304 skepticism and, 7 Foxtrot, as eponym, 222 "The Fall of the House of Usher" (Poe), 179 Foxx, Redd, 196 Fallon, Jimmy, 289 Frankenstein (Shelley), 179 Fallwell, Jerry, 156 Franklin, Benjamin, 20, 138 Families, Jewish humor and, 26 Franklin, Joe, 16 Family Guy (TV show), 126 Frasier (TV show), 125 Family stories, as sitcoms, 123 Freud, Sigmund, 299 The Family Circus (comic strip), 34 Freudian slips, 299 Family – The Ties That Bind . . . and Gag! Friends, making through sharing of humor, (Bombeck), 143 193 Farewell Symphony (Haydn), 212 Friends (TV show), 125 Fargo (film), 99, 180, 241, 243 Frog Prince, 78 Farley, Chris, 20 Frontier humor, 127 Farrell, Will, 20 Fry, William, 194 Faulty grammar, 330 Frye, Northrop, 36, 177 Faust (Goethe), 181 Frye, Philip, 59 Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (film), 244 Funny Girl (musical), 205 Feld, Kenneth, 340, 341 Funny papers, 141 Felible, Roma, 76 funnyordie.com, 67 Feminism, 91–93 Futurama (TV show), 126 jokes against, 25 Ferber, Edna, 85 Gable, Clark, 154 Ferdinand (Lawson and Leaf), 79 Gabor, Eva, 124 Ferraro, Geraldine, 281 Gabor, Zsa Zsa, 148 Fey, Tina, 148 Gabrovo, Bulgaria, 104 Fiddler (Chagall), 37 Gacy, John Wayne, 345 Fielding, Henry, 181 Gaelic humor, 19–22 Fields, Totie, 24, 196 Gallows humor, 132, 180 Fields, W. C., 154 The Game of Humor (Gruner), 333 Film, 238–245 Garland, Judy, 154, 242 dark comedy in, 242–245 Gates, Henry Lewis, 347

374 Index

Gauguin, Paul, 28 Gordon, Jeff, 169 Geithner, Tim, 81 Gothic humor, 179 Gender stereotyping, 90 Goulden, Joseph, 130 Gender studies, 90–91, 85–94 Goya, Francisco, 28 differences in men’s and women’s humor Grable, Betty, 170 and, 85–94 Gran, Jeanette, 301 feminism and, 91–93 Graphic novels, 36 masculine vs. feminine terms and, 87 The Grass Is Always Greener Over the Septic names and, 90–91 Tank (Bombeck), 143 Gender-neutral clothes, 91 Grawe, Paul, 237 General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH), Grease (musical), 205 253 The Great Dictator (film), 278 Generalization, eponyms and, 220 Great Expectations (Dickens), 181 Geography, 95–106 The Great Gatsby (Fitzgerald), 179, 225 humorous place names and, 95–106 Green Acres (TV show), 124, 125 George Burns and Gracie Allen (TV show), Green Box Shop, 160 167 Green Eggs and Ham (Dr. Seuss), 82 German humor, 104 Gregory, Dick, 196, 197 Gerontology, 109–120 Gregory, James R., 102 Gerry, M. B., 128 Greig, Mel, 306 Gershwin, Ira, 234 Grice, H. P., 323 Gesture language, 250, 262 Griffin, Kathy, 20 Gesundheit! Institute, 198, 199 Griffith, Andy, 123 Get Thee to a Punnery (Lederer), 171 Grimaldi, Joseph, 337 Getty, Estelle, 125 Grimwood, Keith, 224 Gibson, Walker, 321, 322 Groening, Matt, 302 Gibson, William, 129 Grofé, Ferde, 214 Gilbert, W. S., 206, 213, 234 Grossa, Lou, 170 Gilliam, Terry, 244 Grotjahn, Martin, 329, 330 The Ginger Man (Donleavy), 21, 104 Gruner, Charles, 333 Gingrich, Newt, 236 Guernica (Picasso), 37 The Girl on the Train (Hawkins), 325 Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), 165, 179 The Giver (Lowry), 165 Guys and Dolls (musical), 206 The Glass Castle (film), 245 Globalism HMS Pinafore (opera), 235 cultural differences in humor and, 102–105 Haas, Karl, 206 place names and, 101–102 Haggart, Bill, 76 Go (mascot), 268 Haiman, John, 304 Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Hair (musical), 205 Braid (Hofstadter), 211 Hall, Rich, 20 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 181 Hamilton (musical), 234 Golconda (Magritte), 38 Hamlet (Shakespeare), 178 Goldberg, Whoopi, 240, 289 Hammerstein, Oscar, 206, 207, 234, 320, 327 The Goldbergs (radio program), 25 Hancock, Holly, 315 The Goldbergs (TV show), 122 A Handbook to Literature: Twelfth Edition, “Golden Age of American Humor”, 121 181 Golden Girls (TV show), 125 Handel, George Frederick, 210, 211 Golding, William, 179 Hans and Franz, 35 Goldwin, Samuel, 330 Hantavirus diseases, 98 Gone Girl (Flynn), 325 Happiness Is a Warm Puppy (Schulz), 35 Gone with the Wind (Mitchell), 181 Happy Days (TV show), 123 Gonzales, Alberto, 81 “Hardly Working” video series, 67 Goodman, John, 244 Harmon, Larry, 341 Googlegangers, 218 Harmon, William, 181 Gophers, as team mascots, 271 Harold and Maude (film), 243 Gordon, James, 76 Harrelson, Woody, 245

Index 375

Harrison, Philip L., 286 “How to Get Interviewed by Dick Cavett—in Harry Potter books (Rowling), 182–184, Several Tricky Lessons” (Malko), 92 225 The Howdy Doody Show (TV show), 77 cartoons about, 190 Howe, Irving, 93 Hart, Lorenz, 234 Huckabee, Mike, 313 Harvard beets, 97 The Human Condition (Magritte), 38 Harvard Lampoon (magazine), 34, 165 Humane Humor Rule, 85–94 Harvey (film), 239 Humor Havel, Vaclav, 101 accidental. See Accidental humor Hawkins, Paula, 325 appreciation of, development of, 293–295 Hawn, Goldie, 207 international, 63–64 Haydn, Franz Joseph, 210, 212 physical effects of, 193–204, 199–200 Hazlitt, William, 259 purposefully created, 8 Health. See Medicine and health universal theory of, 251–254 Health psychology, 299–301 “Humor across the Disciplines”, 69 Hearst, William Randolph, 140 Humor and Laughter: An Anthropological Hefferman, Virginia, 148 Approach (Apte), 14 Helen Keller jokes, 129 Humor and Society: Explorations in the Heller, Joseph, 180 Sociology of Humor (Koller), 86 Hello Dolly (musical), 206 Humor in the Classroom (Stopsky), 75 Hellzapoppin’ (musical), 205 Humor studies, field of, 1 Hercer, Ed, 329, 330 Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ), 301–303 Herman, Pee-Wee, 240 Humorous behaviors, 298 Higgins, Anne, 90 Humpty Dumpty, 78 High Anxiety (film), 239 hungry i, 196 Hill, Charlie, 17–19 Hurley, Matthew, 253 Hilton, James, 97 Hustler Magazine, Inc. vs. Falwell, 150–163 Hilton, Paris, 280 Hutcheson, Frances, 252 Hinckley, John, 280 Huxley, Aldous, 179 Hispanic humor, 22–24 Hyperbole, 186, 329, 330 History, 121–135 folk humor as, 127–133 I and the Village (Chagall), 37 History of the World, Part I (film), 239 I Dream of Jeannie (TV show), 124 Hitchcock, Alfred, 240 I Lost Everything in the Post-Natal Depression Hitler, Adolf, 73 (Bombeck), 143 Hobbes, Thomas, 252 I Love Lucy (TV show), 122 Hoffman, Al, 172 I Need All the Friends I Can Get (Schulz), 35 Hofstadter, Douglas, 211 Ibsen, Henrik, 89 Hogan’s Alley (comic strip), 139 Idiomatic expressions, 320, 327 Hogarth, William, 36 Idlet, Ezra, 225 Holder, Eric, 289 If I Lean In,Will Men Just Look Down My The Holy Grail (film), 240 Blouse? (Barreca), 89 Home Improvement (TV show), 124 If Life Is a Bowl of Cherries, What Am I Doing Home Is on Top of a Dog House (Schulz), 35 in the Pits? (Bombeck), 143 Homer, 321 If You Give a Mouse a Cookie (Numeroff and Hope, Bob, 20, 207 Bond), 83 Horace, 179 The Iliad (Homer), 321 Horatian satire, 179 Immune system, 299 Juvenalian satire vs., 165–166 Impeachment, of Mecham, 282–288 Hostility, 341–342 Impressionism, 39 in cartoons, 32–33 “In Defense of the ‘Chick Flick’” (Steinem), Hot l Baltimore (Wilson), 99 88 House of Humour and Satire, 104 In Medias Res, 330 The House on Mango Street (Cisneros), 24 In the Shadow of No Towers, 36 “How It Should Have Ended” (video Incongruity, 186 series), 67 creativity and, 28, 56

376 Index

Incongruity resolution theory of humor, 251, Johnson, Kory, 66 252, 253 Johnson, Lyndon, 31 Indian Schools, 273 The Joke (Haydn), 212 “Inka Dinka Do” (song), 209 Jokes Inkhorn terms, 199 charged, 196 Innatist hypothesis of language acquisition, cruel, psychology of, 305–306 250 about disabilities, 129 Innuendo, 187 ethnic, 132 Insecurity, humor as self-defense against, about George Wallace, 285 64–65 about lawyers, 153–155 Inside Jokes: Using Humor to about Mecham, 282–288 Reverse-Engineer the Mind of medical practitioners, 200–203 (Hurley, Dennet, and Adams), 253 private vs. public, 131 Intentional ambiguity, 164 succinctness of, 167 Intercourse, Pennsylvania, 96 about Trump, 282 International humor, 63–64 without words, 131 International perspective, on marketing, 50–51 Jokes and Their Relation to Society (Davies), International Society for Humor Studies, 1, 14 69, 143 Jones, John Bush, 234 Internet videos, 66–68 Jones, Jordan, 346 The Invisible Man (Ellison), 181 Jones, Spike, 208 Iolanthe (opera), 235 Jones, William J., 155 Irish immigrants, 19–21 Joos, Martin, 170, 330 jokes about, 21 Joplin, Scott, 214 Irish rogues, 104 Joseph, Jofi, 61 Ironic humor, 179 Journalism, 140, 136–149 Irony, 186, 320 cartoons in newspapers and, 138 in the law, 157 decline of newspapers and, 140–141 Irving, John, 180 definition of, 140 Isle of Lesbos, 97 ethics and standards in, 136 It (King), 343 fake news vs. satire or parody and, 138 It’s a Book (Smith), 339 humor related to death and, 146–149 Iwo Jima photograph, 50 spin in political news and, 136–139 yellow, 139–140 J. Beattie, Essays (Creech), 252 Joyce, James, 20, 104 “Jabberwocky” (Carroll), 171 The Joyful Christ: The Healing Power of Jackson, Timothy, 230 Humor (Samra), 312 Jackson, Tom, 79 The Joyful Noiseletter, 312 Jacobs, Lou, 337 Judaism, tragic vision and, 311 Jake and Amir video series, 67 Judge Judy, 113, 158–160 Jamieson, Kathleen, 33 Julius Caesar (Shakespeare), 178 Jane Eyre (Bronte), 181 Juno and the Paycock (O’Casey), 21, 104 Janus, Samuel, 311 Just Wait Until You Have Children of Your Japanese humor, 104 Own (Bombeck and Keane), 143 Jargon, 329 Juvenal, 179 Jeans, 97 Juvenalian satire, 179 The Jetsons (TV show), 124 Horatian humor vs., 165–166 Jewish humor, 24–26 Job Title Revision to Eliminate Sex- and Age- Kaepernick, Colin, 289 Referent Language from the Dictionary Kafka, Franz, 181, 260 of Occupational Titles, Third Edition, 93 Kant, Immanuel, 259 Jobs, Steve, 73, 147 Katz, Mickey, 208 John Paul, Pope, 287 Kaye, Danny, 207 John Wayne syndrome, 168 Keane, Bil, 143 Johnny Weissmuller field showers, 168 Keaton, Buster, 241, 336

Index 377

Keaton, Michael, 18, 243 sweet, 322–323 Kehl, Del, 263 tough, 321 Keillor, Garrison, 13, 329 Yiddish, 24 Kelly, Gene, 242 Larsen, Gwen, 301 Kelly, Walt, 35 Late Night (TV show), 288 Kennedy, John F., 279 Latino/a humor, 22–24 Kennesaw State University mascot, 270 Latta, Robert, 252 Kern, Jerome, 206 Laughter Kesey, Ken, 180 benefits of, 264 Keystone Kops, 241 classification of, 263 Kierkegaard, Soren, 260 decrease in social distance and, 263 Kimmel, Jimmy, 289 paradoxes of, 264 Kindergarten Cop (film), 240 physical effects of, 193–204 King Lear (Shakespeare), 178 Tibetan Buddhism’s stress on, 310 King, Martin Luther, 282 Laughter and Literature (Boyd), 252 King, Steven, 179, 180, 343 The Laughter Remedy: Health, Healing and Kipling, Rudyard, 186 the Amuse System (McGhee), 199 Kiss Me Kate (musical), 178 Lavalier microphone, as eponym, 221 Klara, Robert, 331 Law, 152, 150–163 Klee, Paul, 28 funny state laws and, 161–163 Kline, Franz, 29 Hustler Magazine, Inc. vs. Falwell and, Koestler, Arthur, 28, 56, 252 150–163 Kolbe, John, 284 ironies and paradoxes in, 157 Koller, Marvin R., 86 Judge Judy and, 158–160 Komische Oper, 206 light side of humor related to, 152 Kondabolu, Hari, 197 ownership of tweets and, 160–161 Konigsberg, Allen Stewart. See Allen, Woody Lawson, Robert, 79 Kovacs, Ernie, 208 Lawyers, jokes about, 153–155 Krefting, Rebecca, 195 Lazarus, Clifford, 304 Kriegman, Josh, 230 Leaf, Munro, 79 Krokodil (magazine), 165 Lean In: Women, Work and the Will to Lead Krutch, Joseph Wood, 172 (Sandberg), 89 Kuipers, Guiselinde, 263 Lear, Norman, 172–173 Lederer, Richard, 171 L.H.O.O.Q. (Duchamp), 37 Lehrer, Tom, 210, 214 La Cage Aux Folles (musical), 205 Lennon, John, 225 Lacey, Franklin, 238 Leno, Jay, 20 LaFontaine, Jean de, 248 Letterman, David, 18 Lakoff, George, 33 Leviathan (Hobbes), 252 Landells, Ebenezer, 165 Levine, David, 31 Landgren, Don, 81, 190 Levine, Jacob, 264 Langer, William, 279 Levit, Adi, 155 The Langoliers (King), 179 Lewis, C. S., 179, 325 Language, 251 Lewis, Jerry, 113, 207 acquisition of, 251 Lexicalization, 219 ambiguity and, 254–256 Leydon, Joe, 199 in animals, 250 “Li’l Abner” (comic strip), 121 English. See English language Lichtenstein, Roy, 39 for body parts, 199 Life Is Beautiful (film), 242 gesture, 250, 262 Life of Brian (film), 240, 243 initial and second acquisition of, 251 The Life of Pi (Martel), 325 multilingualism and Jewish humor and, 24 Lighten Up: Survival Skills for People Under source of, 248 Pressure (Metcalf and Felible), 76 Spanish, humor in, 22 Like Water for Chocolate (Esquivel), 23 speech organs and, 248–251 Lilley, Peter, 235

378 Index

Lincoln, Abraham, 151, 278 Mainstreaming, 129 Linguistics, 164–176 “Mairzy Doats” (song), 208 Lipchitz, Jacques, 28 Make Way for Ducklings (McCloskey), 79 List jokes, 64 Malapropisms, 172, 330 Lister, Joseph, 219 Male, Brandon, 160–161 Literature, 177–192 Malko, George, 92 comedies vs. tragedies and, 179 The Maltese Falcon (film), 240 comedy as, 180 Mame (musical), 206 romance as, 180 Manet, Édouard, 28 Rowling’s literary techniques and, 182–184 Maniscalco, Francis J., 309 symbolism in, 177 Manning, Reg, 141 tropes in, 184–189 The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis (Shulman), Litotes, 329 109 Little Lulu, 34 Maquire, Gregory, 82, 190 Little Orphan Annie, 35 Marginalization, Jewish humor and, 25 Little Shop of Horrors (musical), 216 Marketing, humor in, 50–51 Little Shop of Horrors (film), 236, 242 Markham, Pigmeat, 15 Livingston, Jerry, 172 Markstein, Gary, 283 Lloyd, Donald, 297 Marlette, Doug, 32, 309 Logan, Chris, 303 The Marriage of Figaro (Beaumarchais), 159 “Logic and Conversation” (Grice), 323 Married with Children (TV show), 125 Logos, 321 Martin, Rod, 194, 195, 200, 301 Lolita (Nabokov), 325 Marvel Comics, 34 The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fist Fight in Marx, Chico, 26, 214, 225, 334 Heaven (Alexie), 19 Marx, Groucho, 26, 225, 334 Lopez, George, 196 Marx, Gummo, 26, 225 Lord of the Flies (Golding), 179 Marx, Harpo, 26, 214, 225, 334 Lord of the Rings (Tolkien), 171 Marx, Zeppo, 26, 225 Lost Horizons (Hilton), 97 Mary Magdalene, 219 Louis C.K., 20 Mary Tyler Moore Show (TV show), 124, 148, The Loved One (Waugh), 180 172 Lovejoy, Bess, 346 Mascots, for sports teams, 266–272 Lowry, Lois, 165 The Mating Mind (Miller), 252 Lucas, George, 240 Mauldin, Bill, 128 Lucero, Richard, 284 Maus, 36 "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" (song), 227 Max Rose (film), 113 Lukovich, Mike, 82 Maximalism, 29 Lurie, Alison, 76 Maxwell, Mary, 110 Lysistrata (Aristophanes), 179 Mayberry RFD (TV show), 123 Mayhew, Henry, 165 “M*A*S*H” (TV show), 125 McAuliffe, Christa, 133 Mabley, Moms, 15, 196 McCain, John, 280 Macbeth (Shakespeare), 178 McCarthy, Charlie, 20 MacFarlane, Seth, 126 McCarthy, Denis, 303 MacGuffins, in film, 239–240 McCarthy, Joseph, 35 MacPherson, Doug, 32 McCarthy, Melissa, 20, 290 Mad About You (TV show), 125 McClellan, George, 278 Mad Magazine, 34 McCloskey, Robert, 79 Maelstrom, 97 McDonald’s Corporation "The Magic Fishbone" (Dickens), 171 advertising for, 50 The Magic Flute (Mozart), 211 Ronald McDonald and, 343 Magnum, P.I. (TV show), 235 McDormand, Frances, 245 Magritte, René, 28, 38 McGhee, Paul, 194, 199, 294 Maher, Bill, 150, 196, 231, 289 McGraw, Phillip (Dr. Phil), 257 Maines, Natalie, 85 McHale’s Navy (TV show), 336

Index 379

Mead, Margaret, 92 Miranda, Lin-Manuel, 234 Mecham, Evan Miró, Joan, 28 charged with racism, 283 Mission Impossible III (film), 240 impeachment of, 282–288 Mitchell, Margaret, 181 jokes about, 284 Moderate Intergroup Conflict Humor (MICH) Mecham, Willard, 288 theory, 33, 165–166 Medhurst, Andy, 197 A Modest Proposal (Swift), 104, 135, Medicine and health, 193–204 166, 179 health psychology and, 299–301 Modesto, California, 105 joking by medical practitioners and, Molière, 180 200–203 Mondale, Walter, 280, 281 physical effects of laughter and humor and, Mondegreens, 315, 319 193–204 Monet, Claude, 28 Medieval clowns, 335–336 Montagu, John, 101 Meeting his Waterloo, 97 Moore, Julia, 328 Meiosis, 187 Moore, Julianne, 244 Memes, 59 Moore, Mary Tyler, 124, 148 about growing old, 115 Mordillo, Guillermo, 87 digital age and, 57 Morin, Robert E., 150 Men in Black (film), 240 Mork and Mindy (TV show), 125 The Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare), 159 Mormon Church, 106 Mesmerize, as eponym, 222 Morreall, John, 44, 45, 75, 193, 200, 252, Messiah (Handel), 211 295, 310 Messing, Debra, 148 Morrison, Mary Kay, 194 The Metamorphosis (Kafka), 181 “Mostly about People” (Buchwald), 145 Metamorphosis (Ovid), 236 Motherhood: The Second Oldest Profession Metaphors, 169, 187 (Bombeck), 143 dead, 103, 169 The Mousetrap (Christie), 178 to explain life, 102 Movies. See Film Metcalf, C. W., 76 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, Metonymy, 169–170, 188 210, 211 Mexican humor, 22–24 Mr. Rogers’ Neighborhood (TV show), 77 Mey, Jacob, 324, 325 Mrs. Doubtfire (film), 241 Meyers, Seth, 289 Much Ado About Nothing (Shakespeare), MICH theory of humor, 33, 165–166 178 Michigan Tech mascot, 272 Mud, as eponym, 221 The Mickey Mouse Club (TV show), 77 Multilingualism, Jewish humor and, 24 Middleground comics, 35 Munch, Edvard, 29, 37 Middleton, Kate (Catherine, Duchess of The Munsters (TV show), 123 Cambridge), 306 Music, 205–217 Midsummer Night’s Dream (Shakespeare), classical, humor in, 210–213 178 operas of Gilbert and Sullivan, 234 The Mikado (opera), 213, 234, 235, 236 The Music Man (musical), 206, 238 The Milagro Beanfield War (Nichols), 24 Musicals, 205–207 Miller, Arthur, 179 place names in, 99 Miller, Geoffrey, 252 The Musketeers (TV show), 77 Miller, Howie, 18 My Fair Lady (Broadway play), 181 Milne, A. A., 76 My Fair Lady (musical), 236–238 Miming, 334, See also Clowns My Three Sons (TV show), 123 Minimalism, 29 Mylander, Maureen, 198 Minorities. See also specific minority groups in sitcoms, 122–124 Nabokov, Vladimir, 325 Minstrel shows, 15 Nahemow, Lucille, 114 Mintz, Larry, 14 Nairobi Trio, 208 The Miracle Worker (Gibson), 129 The Naked Gun (film), 241

380 Index

Names Numeroff, Laura Joffe, 83 commercial, 227–228 Nursery rhymes, 78 gender and, 90–91 Nutcracker Suite (Tchaikovsky), 213 personal. See Personal names place. See Place names Obama, Barack, 33, 80, 150, 234, 289 Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan, 280 State of the Union speech of, 288 Nash, Ogden, 328 Obama, Michelle, 33 Nasruddin, Mullah, 316–318 Obituaries, humor in, 73, 146–149 Nast, Thomas, 32, 102, 338 Obituary cartoons, 74, 147 National Airlines, 91 Object permanence, 294 A National Joke: Popular Comedy and English O’Brien, Conan, 20 Cultural Identities (Medhurst), 197 O’Casey, Sean, 21, 104 National Lampoon (magazine), 34, 165 Ocean, Frank, 160 National Museum of Cartoon Art, 40 O’Connor, Carroll, 172 National Organization of Women (NOW) O’Connor, Flannery, 20 New York State Chapter, newsletter of, 92 O’Donnell, Christine, 33 Navajo code-talkers, 17 O’Donnell, Rosie, 20 Navajo Indians, 3, 16–19 The Odyssey (Homer), 321 humor of, 104 The Office (TV show), 125 NCIS (TV show), 126 Oh, Calcutta! (musical), 205 Nealon, Kevin, 35 Oher, Michael, 79 Negative humor Oklahoma (musical), 205 bringing people together, 51–52 The Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe (nursery positive humor vs., 46 rhyme), 82 Negative word-play, 173 Omaha, Larry, Jr., 18 New World Symphony (Dvorˇák), 213 One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (Kesey), New York City, name for, 98 180, 325 New York Herald Tribune, 144 One-liners, 330 New York Journal, 140 The Onion magazine, 137 Newspapers. See also specific newspapers Online newspapers, 145 cartoons in, 138 Open-mindedness, Tibetan Buddhism’s stress comics in, 34, 141 on, 310 decline of, 140–141 Operas fake news and, 7 comic relief in, 211 on web, 145 of Gilbert and Sullivan, 213, 234, 235–236 The New Yorker magazine, 33 Orange Marilyn (Warhol), 39 NFL, 289 Oring, Elliott, 13, 132 Nichols, John, 24 Orpheus in the Underworld (Offenbach), 213 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 260 Orwell, George, 165, 179 Nightline (TV show), 286 Osman I, 219 Nikulin, Yuri, 308 Oswalt, Patten, 196 Nilsen, Alleen, background of, 70 Othello (Shakespeare), 179 Nilsen, Don, background of, 70 Outcault, Richard F., 139, 140 Nilsen, Kelvin Don, 223 Overstatement, 329, 330 Nineteen Eighty-four (Orwell), 179, 325 Ovid, 236 Nixon, Richard, 279 Oxymorons, 171, 186, 328 Noah, Trevor, 288 The Noël Coward Song Book, 234 P. T. Loser, 173 Nonsense, 170 Pace, Maud Isaacson, 120 Non-sequiturs, 330 Packer, Alferd E., 128 Northanger Abbey (Austen), 179 Pain tolerance, 299–300 Norton, Jane, 33 Pajaro Lunar (Miró), 38 Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2 Palin, Sarah, 33, 257 (Duchamp), 37 Paradoxes, 171, 186, 320, 327

Index 381

of ambiguity, 297 Physical humor, globalism and, 102 of laughter, 264 Picaresque novels, 181 in the law, 157 Picasso, Pablo, 28 Paralanguage, 265 The Pickwick Papers (Dickens), 170 Paralipsis, 188 Pickwickian syndrome, 170 Paravonian, Rob, 210 Picture of Dorian Gray (Wilde), 181 The Parent Trap (TV show), 235 Pierce, Samuel, 290 Parents (Chagall), 37 Pierrot clowns, 337 “Paris after Dark” (Buchwald), 145 Pilgrim’s Progress (Bunyan), 310 Parish, Peggy, 76 Pink Floyd (band), 235 Parks and Recreation (TV show), 125 The Pink Panther (film), 241 Parma ham, 101 Pinocchio (Collodi), 78, 181 Parodies, 328 Pinocchio (film), allusion in, 167 fake news vs., 138 Pinterest, 60 in film, 238–241 The Pirates of Penzance (opera), 235 musical, 210 Place names of riddles, 77 globalism and, 101–102 underground commix and, 34 humorous, 95–106 Parton, Dolly, 209 as model names for vehicles, 99 Pastoral Symphony (Beethoven), 211 negative, assignment of, 100 Patch Adams (film), 198 recycling of, 100 Pathos, 321 in titles of musicals, 99 Patronyms, 218 Plato, 252, 258 Paul, Rand, 257 Playboy of the Western World (Synge), Peacherine Rag (Joplin), 214 21, 104 Pecos Bill, 127 Pluperfect Pogo (Kelly), 35 Pee-Wee’s Big Adventure (film), 240 Poe, Edgar Allan, 179, 325, 328 Pee-Wee’s Playhouse (TV show), 77 Poe, Nathan, 157 Pejoration, 220 “Pogo”, 121 Pelosi, Nancy, 82, 289 Pointillism, 28 Perez, Leo, 331 Police Academy (film), 241 Perfect Husbands: and Other Fairy Tales Political correctness, 281 (Barreca), 89 Political news, spin in, 136–139 Performing arts, 234–247 Politics, 278–292 Periphrasis, 188 late night TV political humor and, Perkins, Donald Magie, 119 288–290 Perkins, Olive Magie, 119 religious humor and, 313 Perot, Ross, 168 Polka dance, 100 The Persistence of Memory (Dalí), 38 Pollock, Jackson, 29, 39 Personal names, 218–227 Polyptoton, 189 changing, 223–226 Poor Richard’s Almanac, 139 eponyms and, 219–223 Popeye, 35 lexicalization of, 219 Popov, Oleg, 338 recycling, 226–227 Porter, Cole, 234 Personality traits, 297 Portnoy’s Complaint (Roth), 180 Personification, 171, 189 Posada, Guadalupe José, 340 Peter and the Wolf (Prokofiev), 213 Positive humor, negative humor vs., 46 Peter Principle, 43 Pragmatics: An Introduction, 2nd Edition Peter, Laurence, 43 (Mey), 325 Peters, Mike, 279 Priest, Robert, 165 Philosophy, 248–261 Private jokes, public jokes vs., 131 language and, 251 The Producers (film), 239, 311 Philosoraptor, 261 The Producers (musical), 236 Phoenix Suns basketball team, mascot of, 268 Prokofiev, Sergei, 213

382 Index

The Providence Bulletin, 35 cartoons and, 308–310 Provine, Robert, 263 church humor and, 315 Pryor, Richard, 18, 196 ecumenism and, 318–319 Psychology, 293–307 group identity and, 313 comic vs. tragic vision and, 295 humor in politics and, 313 of cruel practical joking, 305–306 humor to relieve religious stress and, development of humor appreciation and, 316–318 293–295 Renaissance Europe, clowns of, 335 of health, 299–301 Renoir, Pierre Auguste, 28 Humor Styles Questionnaire and, 301–303 Reservations, for American Indians, 273 of sarcasm, 303–305 Reservoir Dogs (film), 243 traits, states, and behaviors and, 296–298 Reyna, Jose R., 23 The Psychology of the Simpsons: D’oh! Rhetoric and composition, 320–332 (Brown and Logan), 303 cooperative principle and, 323–326 Public art, culture and, 102 errors vs. rhetorical devices and, 326–331 Public jokes, private jokes vs., 131 Rice, Dan, 338 Public Law 94-142, 129 Richard III (Shakespeare), 178 Puhlik-Doris, Patricia, 301 Richman, Roger, 154 Pulitzer, Joseph, 139 Rickles, Don, 298 Pulp Fiction (film), 241, 242 Ricks, Beth, 293 Pulp Fiction (Tarantino), 180 Riddles, 77 Punch and Judy puppet shows, 206 Rikki-Tikki-Tavi tales (Kipling), 186 Punch magazine, 34, 165 Ring Cycle (Wagner), 211 Puns, 51, 76, 171, 333 Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Puns (Redfern), 76 Circus, 337, 340 Purple Onion, 196 Rinoceronte Vestido con Puntillas (Dalí), 38 Pygmalion (Shaw), 236 Riser, Kevin, 306 Pynchon, Thomas, 208 The Rivals (Brinsley), 172 Rivers, Joan, 298 Quest stories, in film, 240 Robinson, Kayla, 160, 161 QWERTYUIOP keyboard, 59 Robinson, Vera, 194 Rockwell, Sam, 245 Racism Rocky Horror Picture Show, 215 of Amos ’n’ Andy show, 16 Rodgers, Richard, 207 Mecham charged with, 283 Rogers, Rob, 191 of Trump, 289 “The Role of the Innocent in Television Rader, Martha, 175 Situation Comedy Series” (Eiseman and Radio shows Spangehl), 286 African-Americans and, 16 Romance, 180 soap operas, 121 Romanian humor, 105 Ram, connotations of, 85 Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), 178 Raskin, Victor, 166, 253 Romney, Mitt, 281 Reagan, Ronald, 280, 281, 290 Ronald McDonald, 343 Realism, in art, 28 Rooney, Mickey, 20, 336 Rebecca (Du Maurier), 325 Roosevelt, Theodore (Teddy), 31 Rebellious Laughter (Boskin), 129 Roseanne (TV show), 125 Redfern, Walter, 76 Rosenthal, Joe, 50 Redwater, 18 Rossini, Gioachino, 212 Rehnquist, William, 234 Rosten, Leo, 25 Reiner, Carl, 26 Roth, Philip, 180 Reiner, Rob, 26, 173 Rowland, Lee, 151 Relief theory of humor, 193, 251 Rowling, J. K., 225 Religion, 308–319 literary techniques used by, 182–184 accidental humor from children and, tropes used by, 185–189 313–316 tropes vs. schemes and, 184

Index 383

Roxanne (film), 240 Secret of the Andes (Clark), 119 Ruch, Willibald, 264, 296, 297 Security is a Thumb and a Blanket (Schulz), Ruell, Jim, 18 35 Russell, Mark, 214, 285 Segal, George, 39 Russian clowns, 338 Seinfeld (TV show), 125 Ruth, 114 Self-defeating humor, 298, 301, 302 Ryan, April, 289 detrimental effects of, 195 The Sacrament of the Last Supper (Dalí), 38 Self-deprecating humor, 46, 297 Self-enhancing humor, 297, 301, 302 Safronovan, Valeriya, 160 benefits of, 195 Sahl, Mort, 280 Selfies, 60 Saint-Saëns, Camille, 212 from Anthony Weiner, 229 Saks Fifth Avenue, 102 Semantic Mechanisms of Humor Saldanha, Jacintha, 306 (Raskin), 253 Salinger, J. D., 180, 181 Sendak, Maurice, 80 Samra, Cal, 312 Seneca, 259 Sandberg, Sheryl, 89 Sense of humor, 1–3, 301 Sanders, Sarah Huckabee, 290 Sensorimotor intelligence, 294 Sandwich, 100 Sesame Street (TV show), 77 Sanford and Son (TV show), 123 Sessions, Jeff, 150 Santa Claus, 338 Seurat, Georges, 28 Saporta, Sol, 93 Seven-Seconds rule, 31 Sappho, 97 Sex and the City (TV show), 125 Sarcasm, 303–305 Sexism and Language, 91 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 260 Sexism, in English language, 93 Satire, 179 Sexting, 231 biting, 164 Shakespeare, William, 178, 330 fake news vs., 138 Shanghaied, 97 Horatian and Juvenalian, 165–166, 179 The Shari Lewis Show (TV show), 77 Saturday Night Live (TV show), 289 Sharpton, Al, 257 Sausage fest, 231 Shatner, William, 113 Scarry, Richard, 248 Shaughnessy, Micky, 20 Scary clowns, 342–347 Shaw, George Bernard, 20, 181, Schadenfreude humor, 104, 252 236, 333 Schemes, tropes vs., 184–185 Shazam!, 34 "Schickele Mix" (radio show), 216 Sheindlin, Judith. See Judge Judy The Schickele Rag (newsletter), 216 Shelby, Richard C., 150 Schickele, Peter, 214, 216 Shelley, Mary, 179 Schmuck, David, 291 Shelton, Gilbert, 34 Schulz, Charles, 35 Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 20 Schumer, Chuck, 228, 289 Sherman, Allan, 235 Schwartz, Alvin, 294 Short, Martin, 336 Schwarz, Jerry, 157 Show Boat (musical), 206 Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 230, 240 Shulman, Max, 109 Scientific discovery, 28, 56 Siegal, Mark, 286 Scots, jokes about, 21 Sign language, 250, 262 Scotti, Elena, 93 The Signifying Monkey (Gates), 347 Scottish immigration, 20 Silbermann, Ben, 60 Scottish terms, connotations of, 22 Silent movies, 241 Scottsdale Community College mascot, 271 Sills, Beverly, 209 The Scream (Munch), 29, 37 Silvers, Phil, 207 Screwball comedies, 241 Similes, 187 The Screwtape Letters (Lewis), 179, 325 Simon, Neil, 99, 240 Scripts, what makes them funny, 166–174 The Simpsons (TV show), 125 Seasons, symbolism of, 177 Sister Act (film), 240

384 Index

Situation comedies (sitcoms), 121–122 Spooky Southwest: Tales of Hauntings, aliens in, 125 Strange Happenings, and Other Local animated, 124, 125 Lore (Schlosser), 324 birth of, 121 Spoonerisms, 330 current, 126 Sports, 262–277 dramatic, 124–126 benefits of playing, 270 family stories as, 123 team, 266 minorities in, 122–124 team mascots and, 266–272 television, 122, 180 team names and, 272–276 Sixty Minutes (TV show), 286 St. Pierre, Paul Matthew, 90 Skelton, Red, 295 The Stand (King), 180 The Slants (band), 151 Standards, in journalism, 136 Slapstick comedy, 337 Stanford University, mascot of, 271 Slaughterhouse-Five (Vonnegut), 180, Stanton, Toni, 284 329, 330 Stapleton, Jean, 172 Slavery, 15 Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (film), Slips of the tongue (ear), 172, 173, 330 240 Smiley face emoticons, 75 State laws, funny, 161–163 Smiling, 263 State Press, 70 benefits of, 264 States, 296–298 emotional state and, 298 Statue of Liberty Smith, Lane, 339 in cartoons, 32 Smith, Will, 123 Steinberg, Elyse, 230 Soap operas, on radio, 121 Steinem, Gloria, 88 Social media, 62 Stengel, Richard, 65 Sociology, 333–348 Stereotyping, 16 clowns and, 334–341 Stevens, James, 127 humor and hostility and, 341–342 Stevens, Ted, 81 Solomon, Diana, 90 Stewart, Jimmy, 239 Some Like It Hot (film), 241 Stewart, Jon, 80, 228 The Sound of Music (musical), 212 Stimulus-response hypothesis of language Soupy Sales (TV show), 77 acquisition, 250 South Park (TV show), 126 Stir Crazy (film), 241 Space bubbles, 277 Stoker, Bram, 179 Spaceballs (film), 239 Stopsky, Fred, 75 Spacey, Kevin, 244 Strauss, Johan, II, 210, 212 Spamalot (musical), 216 Street-language terms, for body parts and Spangehl, Stephen, 286 functions, 199 Spanish language humor, 22–24 Stress, religious, humor to relieve, 316–318 Sparky, the Sun Devil, 267–268 String Quartet Opus 33, Number 2 (Haydn), Spaulding, Henry, 25 212 Spears, Britney, 280 Struthers, Sally, 172 Specialization, eponyms and, 220 Stuffy language, 323 Speech organs, 248–251 Sturgis (mascot), 270 Spellcheck, dialogue problems Stuttgarter Zeitung, Germany (Mordillo), 87 caused by, 58 Subjects of humor, 3 Spelling errors, 330 Sullivan, Annie, 129 Spelling, original, 16 Sullivan, Arthur, 206, 213, 234 Spencer, Robert, 251 The Sunshine Boys (film), 241 Spencer, William, 259 Superiority humor, 127 Spice World (film), 241 Jewish, 25 Spicer, Sean, 290 Superiority theory of humor, 252 Spiegelman, Art, 36 Superman, 34 Spin City (TV show), 125 Surprise Symphony (Haydn), 212 Spin, in political news, 136–139 Survival humor, 129 Spock, Benjamin, 92 Suslov, I. M., 252

Index 385

Svebak, Sven, 199 Thoughts on Laughter (Hutcheson), 252 Swan Lake (Tchaikovsky), 213 Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Sweet language, 322–323 (film), 245 Swift, Jonathan, 20, 104, 165, 166, 179 Three Stooges, 13.24, 278 Sykes, Wanda, 197 Three’s Company (TV show), 125 Symbols Time for Beany (TV show), 77 in cartoons, 31–32 Titanic (film), 240 in literature, 177 To My Betrothed (Chagall), 37 language-related, categories of, 321 Toffler, Alvin, 55 Symphony Number 94 (Haydn), 212 Tolkien, J. R. R., 171 Synecdoche, 170, 188 Tom Jones (Fielding), 181 Synesis, 189 Tomlin, Lily, 196 Synge, John, 21, 104 Tongue, speech and, 249 Too Funny to Be President (Udall), 114 Taboo aspects of society, as subjects of Tootsie (film), 241 humor, 3 Tosh, Daniel, 196, 197 Taking Laughter Seriously (Morreall), 252 Totenberg, Nina, 152 Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing (Blume), 76 Toth, Emily, 86 Talk is Cheap: Sarcasm, Alienation, and the Tough language, 321, 322 Evolution of Language (Haiman), 304 Tough, Sweet and Stuffy: An Essay on Modern Tam, Simon, 151 American Prose Styles (Gibson), 321 The Taming of the Shrew (Shakespeare), 178 Toy Story (film), 240 Tannen, Deborah, 33 Trading Places (film), 241 Tanner, Tony, 171 Tragedies, comedies vs., 179 Tarantino, Quentin, 180, 242 Tragic vision Tarzan, 35 comic vision vs., 295 Tautology, 330 in religions, 311 Taxi (TV show), 125 Tragicomedy, in film, 242 Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilyich, 213 Traits, 296–298 Team mascots, 266–272 humor preference as, 301 Team sports, 266 Travelling minstrel shows, 15 Teddy bears, 31 Trite expressions, 320 Telegraphic stage of language acquisition, Tropes, 184–189 250 adophasis as, 188 Television allegories as, 185 children’s, 77–78 allusions as, 185 fake news and, 7 archaisms as, 186 late night TV political humor and, 288–290 circumlocution as, 186 replacement of newspapers as news and hyperbole as, 186 entertainment source, 141 incongruity as, 186 sitcoms on, 122, 180 innuendo as, 187 The Tell-Tale Heart (Poe), 325 irony as, 186 Tempe, Arizona City Hall, 30 meiosis as, 187 Tendentious humor, 195 metaphors as, 187 Tense shifts, 330 metonymy as, 188 Tensions, humor to relieve, 51–52 oxymoron as, 186 Te’o, Manti, 306 paradox as, 186 Texting, 59 paralipsis as, 188 Thelma and Louise (film), 89 periphrasis as, 188 They Used to Call Me Snow White, But I personification as, 189 Drifted (Barreca), 89 polyptoton as, 189 The Thieving Magpie (Rossini), 212 Rowling’s use of, 185–189 The Third Wave (Toffler), 55 schemes vs., 184–185 30 Rock (TV show), 124 similes as, 187 Thomas, Danny, 26 synecdoche as, 188 Thomas, Marlo, 26 synesis as, 189

386 Index

Trudeau, Gary, 287 Walker, Mort, 40 Trump, Donald, 60, 114, 150, 231, 257 Wallace, George, jokes about, 285 Comey firing and, 292 Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and jokes about, 282 Mass Communication, 140 late-night TV humor about, 288–290 Walthers, Daniel, 270 racism of, 289 The Waltons (TV show), 123 State of the Union speech of, 288–289 War of the Roses (film), 239, 241 Trump, Melania, 289 The War Prayer (Twain), 179 Truth or Consequences, New Mexico, 106 Wardle, Claire, 138 Tucker, Sophie, 24 Warhol, Andy, 39 Tumblr, 60 Warren, Rusty, 196 Turing Test, 59 Warych, Kevin, 343 Turnbloom, Lucas, 82, 190 Washington, George, 279 Twain, Mark, 127, 179, 181, 328, 330 Washington State mascot, 272 Tweed, Boss, 102 Wasserstein, Wendy, 90 Tweets, ownership of, 160–161 Watterson, Bill, 35 Twins (film), 240 Watts, Naomi, 245 Twitter, 60–61 Waugh, Evelyn, 180 Two and a Half Men (TV show), 125 Wayne, John, 154 Tyler, Robin, 196 Webber, Andrew Lloyd, 207 Weddings, cartoons about, 310 Udall, Mo, 114 Weiner, Anthony, 228–232, 292 Underground Comix, 34 Weiner, Frances Finkelstein, 228 Understatement Weiner, Mort, 228 intentional, 329, 330 Weir, Kelly, 301 meiosis and, 187 Weller, Christine E., 161 Universal theory of humor, 251–254 Welsh immigrants, 21 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign West Point mascot, 269 mascot, 274–275 “What Do the Scary Clowns Want?” University of North Carolina School of Art (Lovejoy), 346 mascot, 271 What Kinda Cactus Izzat? (Manning), 141 University of Oklahoma mascots, 269 Where the Wild Things Are (Sendak), 80 University of Texas in Austin mascot, 269 White, Betty, 113, 125 Untamed and Unabashed: Essays on Women Whitman, Meg, 33 and Humor in British Literature Why did the chicken cross the road?, (Barreca), 89 256–257 Urban legends, 130–131 Why, Arizona, 105 Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Valdez, Jeff, 24 Witch of the West (Maquire), 82, 190 Van Eyck, Jan, 28 Wilde, Larry, 13 Van Gogh, Vincent, 29 Wilde, Oscar, 20 The Vanishing Hitchhiker (Brunvand), 346 Wilder, Gene, 148, 295 Vehicles, place names as model names for, 99 Wilkinson, Signe, 32 Velázquez, Diego, 28 William Randolph Hearst Cartoon Hall of Vergis, John, 313 Fame, 40 Very Hungry Caterpillar (Carle), 83 Williams, Dylan, 329 Videos, Internet, 66–68 Williams, Robin, 125, 198 The Village Musicians (Haydn), 211 “Willie and Joe” cartoons, 128 Viorst, Judith, 76, 80, 114 Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory Vivaldi, Antonio, 36, 177 (film), 239 vlogs, 67 Wilson, Lanford, 99 Voltaire, 157, 181 Wilson, Meredith, 238 Vonnegut, Kurt, 180, 329, 330 Winnie-the-Pooh (Milne), 76 Winnie-the-Pooh cartoons, 82 Wagner, Richard, 210, 211 The Wizard of Id (comic strip), 34, 170 Wales, 100 Wizard of Oz (Baum), allusions to, 82

Index 387

Wodehouse, P. G., 234 Wuthering Heights (Brontë), 179 Women and Comedy: History, Theory, Wynn, Ed, 24 Practice (Dickinson, Higgins, St. Pierre, Solomon, and Zwagerman, eds.), 90 Xavier University mascot, 272 Wonder Wart-Hog (Shelton), 35 Woods, Tiger, 81 Yafee, Mark, 18 Woodzicka, Julie, 46 Yankovic, Al, 210 Wooten, Patty, 194 The Yellow Kid (comic strip), 139 Word choice, incorrect, 330 Yellow journalism, 139–140 Workplace humor, 44–45 Yiddish language, 24 The World According to Evan Mecham You Nazi Spy (film), 278 (Siegal), 286 Young Frankenstein (film), 239 The World According to Garp (Irving), 180 Young, Brigham, 106 World of Our Fathers: The Journey of the East Youngman, Henny, 24, 207 European Jews to America and the Life They Found and Made, 93 Zeugma, 328 “Would you Like to Swing on a Star?” Zillman, Dolf, 25, 77, 311 (song), 208 Zippy (comic strip), 34 Wright, Sylvia, 314 Zoglin, Richard, 281 Wright, Steven, 20 Zwagerman, Sean, 90 Wrongful Impeachment (Mecham), 288