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Multiple Stakeholders' Perception of the Long-Term Success of Project: a Critical Study of Oman Tourism Resort Projects

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Multiple Stakeholders' Perception of the Long-Term Success of Project: a Critical Study of Oman Tourism Resort Projects Multiple stakeholders’ perception of the long-term success of project: a critical study of Oman tourism resort projects Ghasan Hamed Al Maamari A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement of Bournemouth University for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2020 COPYRIGHT “This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and due acknowledgment must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis”. i Declaration I certify all the work contained in this thesis is my own. The thesis does not contain material which has been submitted previously unless it is cited according to the ethics procedures and guidelines. The content of this thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program. The results of this research have been, fully or partially, presented twice at seminars at Sultan Qaboos University in Oman and an IPMA conference in Croatia. Ghasan Al Maamari May 2020 ii Acknowledgement "IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST GRACIOUS, THE MOST MERCIFUL". All praise belongs to Almighty God for giving me the strength and the guidance to complete this journey. It has been a great challenge, yet an enriching experience that will always be remembered. I have been surrounded by individuals whose knowledge, experience and support helped me to achieve the PhD. Although words may not be adequate to express my gratitude to them, I would also like to mention some of the individuals who contributed to the successful completion of this thesis. I am grateful to my academic supervisors, Dr Nigel Williams and Dr Roger Atkinson, who have believed in me from the beginning. I have met them before starting the Journey in November 2015, and their encouragement was the reason that I have started the PhD at Bournemouth University. Their valuable support and guidance accompanied me throughout the journey and even extended to after they have decided to leave the University. I have learned a lot from them, not just in terms of research, but also in other aspects of life. My gratitude also goes to Dr Martyn Polkinghorne, who was very kind to be my supervisor at the end of my PhD and his advice and support were crucial for me during the last stages of the journey. To all of my supervisors, thank you. I am very indebted to my family for their substantial support and continuous prayers during the journey. I am grateful to my mother for her daily calls, prayers and encouragement that was a key motivation for me. I am also very thankful to my beloved wife, Huda and my dear children, Mohammed, Reem, Asmaa, Nour and Hamza, for all the support and sacrifices they made towards this achievement. I can never say thank you enough to them. A special thank you enclosed with love to my brothers and sisters, nephews and nieces, uncles and aunties for their invaluable support and prayers throughout the journey. My appreciation and prayer go to my father, Hamed AL Maamari, who passed away in 2011, who, despite not having the opportunity for education, was a great believer in it and has iii encouraged all of his children and others’ children whom he used to take in his school bus, to pursue education and to excel in learning. Also, a profound appreciation to our late Sultan Qaboos Al Said who have passed away in January 2020, his transformation of the country and believe in its people were vital to getting Oman where it has reached now. His establishment of the PGR scholarship scheme allowed me to get this scholarship. To their souls, rest in peace with God mercy, reward and forgiveness. I am very grateful to all my friends whose continuous support, advice and encouragement was a key success factor for me to navigate during the journey. I am not going to mention names as the list is very long, and I can never say enough about those great individuals. I would like to also thank the Oman Ministry of Higher Education and the Cultural Attaché office in London for their support and facilitation of the scholarship. Moreover, I would like to thank all the participants who took part in my interviews or facilitated any issue concerning my research. Last but not least, thank you for those who made our life here in the UK easier and pleasant. Our lovely neighbours and my kid's schools with their amazing teachers, we have enjoyed our stay in Bournemouth. iv Table of Contents DECLARATION .................................................................................................................................................. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .....................................................................................................................................III TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................... V LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................. IX LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................................................. XI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................... XII ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................... XIV 1. CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH .................................................................................... 17 1.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 17 1.2 RESEARCH CONTENT AND CONTEXT: PROJECT SUCCESS AND TOURISM RESORTS ..................................................... 17 1.3 CASE STUDY: OMAN ................................................................................................................................. 19 1.4 RESEARCH AIM AND RESEARCH QUESTION ..................................................................................................... 19 1.5 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................... 20 1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 21 1.7 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS ......................................................................................................................... 22 2 CHAPTER 2- PROJECT SUCCESS .............................................................................................................. 24 2.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 24 2.2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................................ 24 2.2.1 Project definition ............................................................................................................................. 26 2.2.2 PM theory ....................................................................................................................................... 28 2.2.3 PM schools of thoughts ................................................................................................................... 30 2.3 PROJECT SUCCESS ..................................................................................................................................... 35 2.3.1 Project success criteria .................................................................................................................... 38 2.3.1.1 Success frameworks ............................................................................................................................... 39 2.3.2 Project success factors .................................................................................................................... 44 2.3.3 Confusion in the success terms ....................................................................................................... 45 2.3.4 Project success dimensions ............................................................................................................. 46 2.3.5 Stakeholders in PM ......................................................................................................................... 47 2.3.5.1 Stakeholders mapping ........................................................................................................................... 49 2.4 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. 52 3 CHAPTER 3- TOURISM AND RESORTS, SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY AND THE CASE OF OMAN ............... 54 3.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 54 3.2 TOURISM AND ITS IMPACT .......................................................................................................................... 55 3.2.1 Tourism resorts ..............................................................................................................................
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