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Download Book (PDF) Estuarine Ecosystem Series 4 A HR~ A..-E H PALEM •AMALAPURAM . ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA Estuarine Ecosystem Series 4 FAUNA OF GODAVARI ESTUARY ANDHRA PRADESH Edited by Ihe Director, Zoological Survey of India, Ko/kala Zoological Survey of India kolkata CITATION Editor-Director, 2001. Fauna of Godavari Estuary, Estuarine Ecosystem Series 4 : i-iv, 1-166 (Published Director, ZSI, Calcutta) Published: September, 2001 ISBN 81-85874-53-0 © Govt. of India, 2001 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, re-sold hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. PRICE Indian Rs. 300.00 Foreign $ (U.S.) 20 £ 15 Published at the Publication Division by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, 234/4, A. J. C. Bose Road, 2nd MSO Building, 13th floor, Nizam Palace, Kolkata-700020 and printed at East India Photo Composing Centre, 69, Sisir Bhaduri Sarani, Kolkata-700006. Estuarine Ecosystem Series Fauna of Godavari Estuary Andhra Pradesh No.4 2001 1-166 CONTENTS An Overview.... ....... ..... ...... ....... ...... ............. ........ ...... .... ..... ........... ................. ....... ... .......... 1-5 C.A.N. Rao Pori fera ................................................................................................................................ 7-9 J. G. Pattanayak Sea-Anemones (Cnidaria : Actiniaria) ............................................................................... 11-14 N. Bairagi Scyphomedusae : Cnidaria................................................................................................... 15-20 Badar; Prasad Haldar Polychaeta : Annelida ......................................................................................................... 21-32 C.A.N. Rao Shore-Line Insects .............................................................................................................. 33-34 S.C. Nahar Brachyuran Crabs (Crustacea : Decapoda : Brachyura) ................................................. 35-54 M.K. Dev Roy and S. Bhadra Mollusca .......................................................................... .................................................... 55-82 A. Mohapatra Echinodermata.................................................... ................................................................. 83-84 D.R.K. Sastry Fishes ............................................................. ~.~................................................................... 85-166 S. Krishnan and S.S. Mishra Zool. Surv. India Estllarine Ecosystem Series 4 Fauna of Godavari Estuary 1-5, 200 I AN OVERVIEW c. A. NAGESWARA RAO Estuarine Biological Station, Zoological Survey of India. Berhal11pur-760 005, India INTRODUCTION The Gautami Godavari estuary is a complex estuarine system due to its proximity and its The river Godavari which is the second largest connections to the vast Kakinada Bay into which in India, of about ]465 KITIS. traverses the states the Coringa and Gaderu rivers (arising from of Maharastra and Andhra Pradesh and opens Gautami Godavari) opens forming a part of the into the Bay of Bengal on the east coast. It has estuarine system. There are extensive mud flats a catch1l1ent area of about 3,12,812 Sq. Kms. and dense mangrove forests on the southern side which lies in the States of Maharastra, Madhya of the Bay. The two rivers Coringa and Gaderu Pradesh, Karnataka, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh. through which some water of the Gautami Raising at TrialTIbak which is about 110 Kms. Godavari is drained into the Kakinada Bay during north-cast of Bombay, it receives several small south west mansoon period. Dense mangrove tributaries and assumes imposing proportions vegetation is also noticed on the banks of both the towards its lower reaches. At Rajahmundry, it is rivers and in the extensive swampy areas about 3.2 Knls. wide and further down at the surrounding between the two rivers. The swampy head of the delta near Dhowleswaram, a area is also traversed by a net work of creeks masonary Datn and recently a barrage was and canals connecting the two rivers. The Gautami constructed in four sections across the river. At Godavari estuary alongwith river Gadcru and DhowleswaralTI which is about 63 Kms. in a Coringa forms a complex estuarine system as straight line frotn the sea, the river divides into their hydrological conditions are affected by tidal two principal branches namely the Vasistha influence from two sides. i.e. north through Godavari to the west and Gautanli Godavari to Kakinada Bay and South. through Godavari river. The opening of Gautami Godavari at Kottapalcm the cast. They flow through a wide delta into the and near Bhairavapalem are without much sea. The Vasistha Godavari inturn branches at mangrove vegetation and the estuarine part of GannavaratTI into two namely Vasistha Godavari this branch of Godavari nonnalty extends upto to the west and Vaintheyanl Godavari to the east village Kotipalli which about 20 Kms. upstream both opening into the Bay of Bengal independently. from the mouth. The Gautanli Godavari flows south-east and opens into the Bay of Bengal at two places south of The renlaining two branches of the Godavari Yananl, namely Kottapalem and Bhairavapalem i.e. middle one, Vaintheyanl branch opens at villages. The Gautalni Godavari is also connected Vodalarevu (near Anlalapuranl) without fornling to the big Kakinada Bay by two channels namely any swampy-nlangrove habitats, while the southern the Coringa arising at Yanam and the Gaderu most branch, Vasistha opens into the Bay of arising at BhairavapalelTI. (Fig. 1). Bengal at Antervedi. ncar Narsapur town, where 2 Estuarine Ecos),stem Series 4 : Fauna of Godavari Estuary also good mangrove formations not noticed. The river Gautami Godavari. There is a direct road estuarine waters of this branch extends upto from Kakinada to Yanam; River Godavari is very about 15 Kms. upstream i.e. Narsapur. wide here. Beach is sandy with very little mud. Fauna is very less and there is no mangrove The estuarine ecosystem is a dynamic one, vegetation. influenced by the daily tidal cycle of the sea on one side and the seasonal changes of the river 2. Bhairavapalem : This fishing village is flow during summer/rainy seasonal floods on the about 10 Kms. from B. V. Palem (on the way of other; thereby influencing the qualitative nature of Yanam) by boat. The Gaderu river joins Godavari the estuarine fauna markedly. Therefore for the here. The mangrove swamps on either side of complete assessment of the faunal diversity of Gaderu are dense. This is actually the mouth of the Godavari Estuary, about 7 faunistic surveys Gautami-Godavari branch of Godavari river were conducted in this area during premonsoon, opening into Bay of Bengal. This area is monsoon and post monsoon periods of 1992-95. completely muddy and sandy towards the sea Since this study is aimed at faunal exploration, beach. max.mum' collection sites were fixed at mouth area of the estuaries and also at different localities 3. Gadimoga : This is also a fishing village along the estuarine course of three branches of about 3 Kms. from Bhairavapalem. Mangrove the river Godavari, Coringa and Gaderu as weJI. plants present on both sides of the Godavari river. From about 27 collection sites different faunistic Shore is muddy. constituents were collected during this study and at each collection 'centre some physico-chemical 4. Dariyala Tippa : This is an island formation parameters viz. temperature, salinity, pH, sediment of sandy-clay in nature of about 3Kms. from nature etc. were noted at the time of collection Bhairdvapalem by boat towards the upstream of which gives an understanding of the nature of the the river Godavari. Mangrove forest is scattered. habitat, ecology of the fauna concerned .. Brief Shore is a mixture of sand/mud. It is a good details of aU the 27 collection localities is given fishing area. separately. Faunal collections were made by hand picking, 'through forceps, sieving the sediment etc. s. Mouth of Cholangi channel : The from the intertidal areas, exposed sandy swamps, Cholangi channel is an agriculture drainage canal among mangrove vegetation for benthos and also opening into the Kakinada Bay and it is also through different net operations for collection of connected to Coringa river. This is a very good fish, prawn, crabs etc. Fish landing centres along landing centre for cataches of fishes, crabss estuarine course of the river were also visited for prawns etc. from Kakinada Bay. collecting nekton fauna. In total about 115 exs. of coelenterata, 9 exs. of minor phyla (Sipulcula) 6. Boddu Venkatapalem (B. V. Palem) 813 exs. of Polycheata, 17 exs. of shoreline This is a sma)) fishing village situated on the bank "insects, 2829 exs. of Crustacea, 2268 exs. of of Coringa river about 16 Kms. south of Kakinada M01lusca and 7064 exs. of fishes were collected town on the way to Yanam. Mangrove swamps during this surveys for detailed taxonomic studies are best approached from this place
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