DOCSLIB.ORG

Studies on Some Intermediate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Studies on Some Intermediate STUDIES ON SOME INTERMEDIATE REACTIONS IN BACTERIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By ROBERT WILLIAM BERNLOHR, B. S The Ohio State University 1958 Approved by Department of Agricultural Biochemistry ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express ray appreciation to Dr. George C. Webster for his advice and helpful suggestions during the course of this research program. The help of Dr. J. E, Varner and the other faculty members is also greatly acknowledged. I am indebted to the Department of Agricultural Biochemistry for the financial assistance and facilities made available to me for the conduction of this project. Also, the financial assistance of the Charles P. Kettering Foundation and the Public Health Service is acknowledged. The encouragement, sacrifices, and help received from my wife during the past three years and in typing this manuscript are deeply appreciated. ii CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Experimental Procedures 11+ Results and Discussion I. Whole Cell Studies on Amino Acid Incorporation 26 II* Cell-free Incorporating Systems i}2 Ill* Amino Acid Activations I4.7 IV. Intermediates in the Biosynthesis of Protein £2 Summary 68 Bibliography 72 Autobiography 77 iii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Glycine-C^+ Incorporation Into Different Tissues 27 2. Changes in RNA, DNA, and Protein 28 3. Effect of RNAase and DNAase 31+ 1+. Effect of Chloramphenicol 37 $- Cell-free Amino Acid Incorporation 1+5 6. Oxygen Transfer in Amino Acid Activation 1+9 7. Chromatography of Amino Acid Hydroxamates 55 8. Distribution of AA-X 57 9. Sensitivity of AA-X to pH and Dialysis 58 10. Kinetic Uptake of Glycine-C1^ 67 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Glycine-C1^ Incorporation into RNA, DNA, and Protein 30 2. Effect of Chloramphenicol 33 3. Inhibition of RNA, DNA, and Protein Synthesis 35 h- Distribution of Glyclne-C^ in Centrifugal Fractions 39 5. Electrophoretic and Ultracentrifugal Analysis of Particulate Fractions kk 6* Chromatography of Amino Acid Hydroxamates 56 7. Spectra of the Dialyzed and Treated Supernatant Solution 60 8. Specific Activity of Components Separated by Paper Electrophoresis 62 9. Total Activity of Components Separated by Paper Electrophoresis 63 v INTRODUCTION The elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism of protein synthesis is currently a very pressing problem, for it remains as the last major void in biochemical knowledge. Daily, hundreds of people are admitted to hospitals with conditions which Involve accelerated cell growth, such as cancer. In addition, a large number of physiological abnormalities can be traced to the occurrence of unnatural protein molecules. These two examples, to which many more could be added, indicate that the sensitive biosynthetic system responsible for the production of protein molecules is unusually prone to malfunction. Also the genetic apparatus, present in all cells, appears to be at least indirectly involved in organizing this process. It Is evident, therefore, that a knowledge of the stepwise biosynthesis of proteins could conceivably lead to an understanding of the cause of many pathological conditions. It is of considerable importance, then, to have a well-defined hypothesis at the level of reaction mechanisms in terms of chemical formulas. In considering the possible mechanism for protein biosynthesis, several problems are encountered which are unique for this type of molecule. The first is the 1 formation of peptide bonds. Secondly, proteins are constructed from a number of different amino acids which are apparently arranged in a specific sequence and main­ tained from generation to generation. Thus differing from polysaccharides and lipids, they seem to owe this specificity to direct genetic control, and therefore, a regulating mechanism is required. The initial activation of the constituent amino acids and model systems for peptide bond formation have received considerable attention. Prom previous studies of model systems for peptide bond formation, Lipmann (191 +5 ) discovered that during the acylation of aromatic amines, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was utilized for carboxyl activation. Also in glutathione synthesis £Bloch (19219 )} t a similar reaction was observed in which ATP is split to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic ortho­ phosphate. However, a study of the synthesis of acetyl-CoA by Lipmann £t al. (1952) provided an alternative mechanism for the activation of carboxyl compounds. When the enzymatic reaction involving acetate, ATP, and coenzyrae A is observed, the products are acetyl-CoA, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Furthermore, this reaction, representing a new type of cleavage of ATP, is freely reversible and allows the exchange of radioactive pyrophosphate into ATP. We are then presented with two schemes in which the phosphate bond energy of ATP could be used to drive the energy requiring synthesis of proteins* The two possibilities for the mechanism of amino acid activation and subsequent condensation are --- n AA + n ATP ^ (AA)n + n ADP + n Pi or n AA + n ATP -r (AA)n + n AMP + n PPi. The activation of amino acids was demonstrated when extracts of animal, plant, and bacterial systems were shown to catalyze an amino acid dependent exchange between ATP and inorganic pyrophosphate by Hoagland (1955) Hoagland, Keller and Zamecnik (1955); Webster (1957); Holley (1957); and Novelli and DeMoss (1958)* In Hoagland’s original work, hydroxylamine was also used as a trapping agent for the activated amino acid, indicating that the carboxyl group of the amino acid is the site of activation. From this work and also from that of Berg (1957) the occurrence of an enzyme-bound amino acyl-AMP compound has been postulated as the activated amino acid. After the amino acids have been activated, it is assumed that there is an enzyme present which will catalyze the union of a series of these building blocks by peptide formation. However, a regulatory mechanism must be applied to ensure the formation of specific completed proteins. Otherwise, as Steinberg and Anfinsen (1952) k- believed, peptide intermediates are possible, Simpson and Velick (195U-) and Askonas et al. (195U) have since shown that the intracellular biosynthesis of peptide intermediates during the formation of proteins is not very likely. Many formulations for the biosynthesis of protein have been proposed. One mechanism implies that at each step, contact between the appropriate catalyst and the molecule being farmed is limited to relatively small portions of the molecular structure of either. Conse­ quently, each of the many catalysts can have but limited information of what has gone before. This polyenzyme theory QSpiegelman (1957)3 runs into such inherent complications and difficulties that it must be abandoned in favor of a more controllable mechanism. The familiar template theory, first stated by Breinl and Haurowitz (1930) and generalized by Haurowitz (1950), can account for the exact replication of specific protein molecules, and embodies most of the existing postulated synthesis mechanisms. This theory has as its basis the duplication of protein molecules on the surface of another protein which is fixed in an expanded state by conjugation with a nucleic acid molecule. Approaching the problem in more specific chemical terms, Bounce (1952) suggested that the activating enzyme, 5 bound to nucleic acid, is the tenplate itself. In his opinion, ATP contributes the necessary energy by means of a phosphotransferase that transfers its terminal phosphate to the phosphate of nucleic acid; the net result is the transfer of a pyrophosphate linkage from ATP to nucleic acid. The amino groups of amino acids then react to form amino-phosphate compounds on the nucleic acid, and for each amino group so combined the phosphate that came originally from the ATP is displaced and appears as inorganic phosphate. Another enzyme links the free carboxyl group of the adjacent amino acid to the phosphate-bound amino group to form a peptide linkage. Lipmann (19Sk) postulated that a pyrophosphoryl moiety from ATP is transfer:-ed to the nucleic acid template. It is then displaced by the carboxyl groups of amino acids and upon the influence of an additional enzyme, peptide bond formation between adjacent amino acids takes place, allowing the completed protein to leave the template structure. By 195b, Borsook had incorporated the newly acquired knowledge concerning amino acid activation into his hypothesis for protein biosynthesis. He feels that after amino acids have been activated, they are attached to the phosphate of nucleic acids by their carboxyl groups. Then 6 another enzyme forms the peptide bonds, thereby removing the amino acids involved from the nucleic acid template. Recently, Hoagland e_t al. (1957a) and Holley (1957) have postulated the occurrence of anadditional cofactor necessary for protein synthesis. Novelli and DeMoss (1 9 5 8) have subsequently utilized this information in formulating a hypothesis for the biosynthesis of protein. They feel that the enzyme-bound activated amino acid is transferred to a factor "X" which can be considered as a transport cofactor. The amino acid moiety of this complex is then donated to a template, and polymerization occurs in the manner described by Borsook (195b). At the present time, the limiting factor in the elucidation of this mechanism appears to be a lack of information concerning the chemical nature of the template.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CHEM 461 to CHEM 462 Mod 2013-10-16
    CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY CHANNEL ISLANDS COURSE MODIFICATION PROPOSAL Courses must be submitted by October 15, 2013, and finalized by the end of the fall semester to make the next catalog (2014-15) production DATE (CHANGE DATE EACH TIME REVISED): 10/14/2013; REV 11.13.13 PROGRAM AREA(S) : CHEM Directions: All of sections of this form must be completed for course modifications. Use YELLOWED areas to enter data. All documents are stand alone sources of course information. 1. Indicate Changes and Justification for Each. [Mark an X by all change areas that apply then please follow-up your X’s with justification(s) for each marked item. Be as brief as possible but, use as much space as necessary.] x Course title Course Content Prefix/suffix Course Learning Outcomes x Course number References x Units GE Staffing formula and enrollment limits Other x Prerequisites/Corequisites Reactivate Course x Catalog description Mode of Instruction Justification: Modified CHEM 462 has a new number, since 461 will become Biochemistry I lab. CHEM 462 will also separate classroom and lab component, allowing for greater flexibility on the part of the students. Classroom and laboratory content for the modified CHEM 462. And the new lab class, CHEM 463, will consist of the same lab content as the original CHEM 461. Removes the pre-requisite course CHEM 305, Computer applications in Chemistry, as unnecessary for CHEM 462. Catalog description altered to remove reference to lab fee. 2. Course Information. [Follow accepted catalog format.] (Add additional prefixes
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Porcine Adipose Tissue Transcriptome Reveals Differences In
    Analysis of porcine adipose tissue transcriptome reveals differences in de novo fatty acid synthesis in pigs with divergent muscle fatty acid composition Jordi Corominas, Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas, Anna Puig-Oliveras, Jordi Estelle Fabrellas, Anna Castello, Estefania Alves, Ramona N. Pena, Maria Ballester, Josep M. Folch To cite this version: Jordi Corominas, Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas, Anna Puig-Oliveras, Jordi Estelle Fabrellas, Anna Castello, et al.. Analysis of porcine adipose tissue transcriptome reveals differences in de novo fatty acid synthesis in pigs with divergent muscle fatty acid composition. BMC Genomics, BioMed Central, 2013, 14, 10.1186/1471-2164-14-843. hal-01193819 HAL Id: hal-01193819 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01193819 Submitted on 29 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Corominas et al. BMC Genomics 2013, 14:843 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/14/843 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Analysis of porcine adipose tissue transcriptome reveals differences in de novo fatty acid synthesis in pigs with divergent muscle fatty acid composition Jordi Corominas1,2*, Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas1,2, Anna Puig-Oliveras1,2, Jordi Estellé3,4,5, Anna Castelló1, Estefania Alves6, Ramona N Pena7, Maria Ballester1,2 and Josep M Folch1,2 Abstract Background: In pigs, adipose tissue is one of the principal organs involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying Nucleic Acid-Associated Proteins in Mycobacterium Smegmatis by Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Nastassja L
    Kriel et al. BMC Molecular and Cell Biology (2020) 21:19 BMC Molecular and https://doi.org/10.1186/s12860-020-00261-6 Cell Biology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Identifying nucleic acid-associated proteins in Mycobacterium smegmatis by mass spectrometry-based proteomics Nastassja L. Kriel1*, Tiaan Heunis1,2, Samantha L. Sampson1, Nico C. Gey van Pittius1, Monique J. Williams1,3† and Robin M. Warren1† Abstract Background: Transcriptional responses required to maintain cellular homeostasis or to adapt to environmental stress, is in part mediated by several nucleic-acid associated proteins. In this study, we sought to establish an affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) approach that would enable the collective identification of nucleic acid- associated proteins in mycobacteria. We hypothesized that targeting the RNA polymerase complex through affinity purification would allow for the identification of RNA- and DNA-associated proteins that not only maintain the bacterial chromosome but also enable transcription and translation. Results: AP-MS analysis of the RNA polymerase β-subunit cross-linked to nucleic acids identified 275 putative nucleic acid-associated proteins in the model organism Mycobacterium smegmatis under standard culturing conditions. The AP-MS approach successfully identified proteins that are known to make up the RNA polymerase complex, as well as several other known RNA polymerase complex-associated proteins such as a DNA polymerase, sigma factors, transcriptional regulators, and helicases. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the identified proteins revealed that this approach selected for proteins with GO terms associated with nucleic acids and cellular metabolism. Importantly, we identified several proteins of unknown function not previously known to be associated with nucleic acids.
    [Show full text]
  • THE INFLUENCE of INADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY on METABOLISM in BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS with EMPHASIS on PROTEIN SYNTHESIS and NUCLEIC ACID ME':Rabolism
    TijE INFLU~NCE or INADEQU.4\TE WA,TE;It SUPPLY ON ME'l'ABOLISM IN B;I:OLOGICAL SYSTEMS by S. H. WEST Profes~or Qf Agronomy University of Floriqq PUBLICATION NO.9 of the FLORID.4\ WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER RES~ARCH PROJECT TECHNICAL COMPLETION REPORT OWRR Projeot Number A~008~fLA Annual Allot~ent Agreement Numbers 14-01 1"0001 .. 1077 (1968) 14 .. 01 or-POQ1.,.1628 (l9q9) 14 ... 31 .. 0001-3009 (1910) ~eport SUblll'l .. tt~dl August 26, 1970 The wQrk upon whic::n thiq r~~ort 'is based was suppo!"t~d in part by funds provideclby t;:he l)pitedStats$ pepartment of the Interior, Office ot Water ResourCes Research, as auth0ri~ed under the Water R~sources Research Act of 1964, TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT • ,. • • • • II • • 'f • • • • , • , • II • ~ • ,. • • • • • • • III ~ • • , • • " • • • ~ • ". • • • 1 P"R.O.)ECT ~Utv1t1A RY • III ••••• ~ • II • ~ ••••••••• ,. ,. • " , , II • II II " III •••• II • • 2 INTRODUCTlON . II • " '1/ ... ~ ........... I II II ••••• I II •• II • II , ••• II • " " II • 3 INITIAL RESEARCH PLAN AND RESULTS .......• ",.... ....... 4 CHARACTER,IZATION OF RNA ACCUMULATED IN DROUGHT ••••.•••• 5 :PROTEIN SYN1HESIS ALTERED BY DROUGHT •••• , •• ~ • ~ •• , •• , • • • 7 LITERA TURE C I TED ., •••••••..... , .••.• , ••..•.•.• "....... 1 1 ABSTRACT THE INFLUENCE OF INADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY ON METABOLISM IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS WITH EMPHASIS ON PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND NUCLEIC ACID ME':rABOLISM Data have been obtained that show the effect of drought on growth itself and how this reduction in growth may be a result of specific changes in total protein produc­ tion, nucleic acid metabolism and on functional activity of a fraction of nucleic acids. While the drcught treatments decreased total protein by only 40 percent, growth was re­ duced 80 percent.
    [Show full text]
  • A Path Towards SARS-Cov-2 Attenuation: Metabolic Pressure on CTP Synthesis Rules the Virus Evolution
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.20.162933; this version posted June 21, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 1 A path towards SARS-CoV-2 attenuation: metabolic pressure on CTP synthesis rules the virus evolution Zhihua Ou1,2, Christos Ouzounis3, Daxi Wang1,2, Wanying Sun1,2,4, Junhua Li1,2, Weijun Chen2,5*, Philippe Marlière6, Antoine Danchin7,8* 1. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. 2. Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. 3. Biological Computation and Process Laboratory, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Thessalonica 57001, Greece 4. BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China. 5. BGI PathoGenesis Pharmaceutical Technology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. 6. TESSSI, The European Syndicate of Synthetic Scientists and Industrialists, 81 rue Réaumur, 75002, Paris, France 7. Kodikos Labs, Institut Cochin, 24, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques Paris 75014, France. 8. School of Biomedical Sciences, Li KaShing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong University, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. * To whom correspondence should be addressed Tel: +331 4441 2551; Fax: +331 4441 2559 E-mail: [email protected] Correspondence may also be addressed to [email protected] Keywords ABCE1; cytoophidia; innate immunity; Maxwell’s demon; Nsp1; phosphoribosyltransferase; queuine bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.20.162933; this version posted June 21, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM Mark Rush
    NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM Mark Rush Nucleotides serve various metabolic functions. For example, they are: • Substrates (building blocks) for nucleic acid biosynthesis and repair, • The main storage form of “high energy phosphate”, • Components of many “so-called” co-enzymes (NAD, NADP, FAD, CoA), • Components of many activated metabolic intermediates (such as UDPG, SAM), • Major allosteric effectors (such as AMP, ADP, ATP, GTP), • Major second messengers (such as 3',5' cAMP), and • Precursors for the biosynthesis of a variety of important compounds (such as biopterin and histidine). Nucleotide biochemistry can be treated both as an aspect of nitrogen metabolism, along with such compounds as amino acids and porphyrins, and as an aspect of nucleic acid metabolism. When the focus is on the biosynthesis and degradation of nucleotides, in other words on their turnover, the treatment is similar to that of other nitrogenous compounds. When the focus is on the role of nucleotides in overall nucleic acid metabolism, the treatment is included in molecular biology. Both aspects will be considered here with the major emphasis directed toward relating defects in nucleotide turnover to either metabolic diseases or chemotherapy. I. Nomenclature (pages 11 and 12). II. Overall metabolic pathways (page 4). 1) PRPP synthetase. 2) Nucleoside phosphorylases. 3) Phosphoribosyl transferases. nucleotides - 1 III. Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines (pages 5, 6, 8). A minimum amount of time will be spent discussing these pathways in lecture. Please examine them carefully in the text and note that: 1) Purine synthesis begins at the nucleotide level, while pyrimidine synthesis does not. 2) Both syntheses are regulated at their committed steps.
    [Show full text]
  • RNA Synthesizing Activities and Glucocorticoid Binding Capacities in Thymus Cells During Rat Development
    Pediat. Res. 11: 705-709 (1977) Dexamethasone RNA synthesis glucocorticoid receptor protein thymus RNA Synthesizing Activities and Glucocorticoid Binding Capacities in Thymus Cells during Rat Development K. LJpp<3 n AND N. VANDERMEULEN Universitiits-Kinderklinik, Marburg, West Germany Summary steroid-resistant ce·lls have little or no hormone binding capaci­ ties. In view of this functional role we studied the dexametha­ This investigation was designed to study specific glucocorti­ sone binding capacity of the cytoplasmic fraction and of nuclei of coid binding to cytoplasmic fraction and nuclei of thymus cells thymus cells during rat development. Changes in hormone bind­ during rat development and to find out whether these data can ing should be correlated to an altered response of the tissue. be correlated to changes of RNA synthesizing activity of nuclei Therefore, we measured nuclear RNA synthesizing activity and and cytoplasm. The dexamethasone binding capacity of cyto­ also the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase Illa in cytoplasm plasm rose rapidly in rats weighing up to 125 g and decreased that controls synthesis of tRNA (7), and the inhibition of RNA significantly in animals weighing more than 160 g. Hormone synthesis by dexa[llethasone in whole cells and purified nuclei binding to nuclei revealed similar but less pronounced changes. during rat development. RNA synthesizing activity of nuclei measured by [3H]uridi~e incorporation in vitro decreased from 57 ± 4.6 dpm/µg DNA m young to 23 ± 2.2 dpm/µg DNA in adult rats. RNA synthesiz­ MATERIALS AND METHODS ing activity of the cytoplasmic fraction fell 21.6% and that of Han-Wistar rats were obtained from the Institut fiir Versuchs­ purified polymerase Illa fell 27 .8% during development.
    [Show full text]
  • Omics-Based Analyses Revealed Metabolic Responses of Clostridium Acetobutylicum to Lignocellulose-Derived Inhibitors Furfural, F
    Liu et al. Biotechnol Biofuels (2019) 12:101 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-019-1440-9 Biotechnology for Biofuels RESEARCH Open Access Omics-based analyses revealed metabolic responses of Clostridium acetobutylicum to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors furfural, formic acid and phenol stress for butanol fermentation Huanhuan Liu1,2, Jing Zhang1,2, Jian Yuan3, Xiaolong Jiang3, Lingyan Jiang3, Guang Zhao4, Di Huang3* and Bin Liu3* Abstract Background: Clostridium acetobutylicum is a model fermentative anaerobe for consolidated bioprocessing of ligno- cellulose hydrolysates into acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE). However, the main inhibitors (acids, furans and phenols) ubiquitous in lignocellulose hydrolysates strictly limit the conversion efciency. Thus, it is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms of lignocellulose hydrolysate inhibitors to identify key industrial bottlenecks that undermine efcient biofuel production. The recently developed omics strategy for intracellular metabolites and protein quantif- cation now allow for the in-depth mapping of strain metabolism and thereby enable the resolution of the underlying mechanisms. Results: The toxicity of the main inhibitors in lignocellulose hydrolysates against C. acetobutylicum and ABE produc- tion was systematically investigated, and the changes in intracellular metabolism were analyzed by metabolomics and proteomics. The toxicity of the main lignocellulose hydrolysate inhibitors at the same dose was ranked as fol- lows: formic acid > phenol > furfural. Metabolomic analysis based on weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the three inhibitors triggered the stringent response of C. acetobutylicum. Proteomic analysis based on peptide mass spectrometry (MS) supported the above results and provided more comprehensive conclu- sions. Under the stress of three inhibitors, the metabolites and key enzymes/proteins involved in glycolysis, reductive tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, acetone–butanol synthesis and redox metabolism were lower than those in the control group.
    [Show full text]
  • Acetaldehyde Production by Strains Used As Probiotics in Fermented Milk
    JourTUll of Food Protection, Vol. 57, No.5, Pages 436-440 Copyright©, International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians Acetaldehyde Production by Strains Used as Probiotics in Fermented Milk SILVIA GONZALEZ, VILMA MORATA DE AMBROSINI, MARiA MANCA DE NADRA, AiDA PESCE DE RUIZ HOLGADO and G. OLIVER* Universidad Nacional de Tucumdn, Centro de Referencia para Lactobaci/os (CERELA), Chacabuco 145, 4000 Tucumdn, Argentina Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfp/article-pdf/57/5/436/1664941/0362-028x-57_5_436.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 (Received July 23, 1993/Accepted January 10, 1994) ABSTRACT flavor varies widely among dairy products. In cheese, cultured butter and buttermilk only relatively small amounts Lactic acid bacteria have diverse shunts for the metabolism are required for the development of a balanced flavor, in of acetaldehyde, which is involved in the metabolism of carbohy- drates, proteins and nucleic acids. In Lactobacillus acidophilus fermented milk intermediate amounts are needed, and in and Lactobacillus casei, strains isolated from feces of healthy yogurt relatively large amounts are required to give the children, acetaldehyde can be formed from different sources. characteristic flavor (24). Phosphotransacetilase, acetate kinase, aldehyde dehydrogenase In our laboratory two strains of lactobacilli (L. casei and 2-deoxiriboaldolase activities were found in both strains. and L. acidophilus) were isolated from feces of healthy u-Carboxilase and threonine aldolase activities only occurred in children. The strains were able to survive in gastric juice L. acidophilus. In contrast, phosphoketolase activity was present and bile and, moreover, they showed an inhibitory effect on L. casei, in but absent in the other strain studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Role of Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer Cells During Epithelial‑Mesenchymal Transition (Review)
    ONCOLOGY REPORTS 41: 727-741, 2019 Biological role of metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells during epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (Review) MINGZHE LI1*, XIN BU1*, BOLEI CAI2*, PING LIANG3, KAI LI4, XUAN QU5 and LIANGLIANG SHEN1 1The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; 2State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology; 3The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032; 4Department of Clinical Laboratory, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Xinjiang 830000; 5School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China Received June 16, 2018; Accepted October 24, 2018 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6882 Abstract. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is 4. Glucose metabolism during EMT required for the distant metastasis of tumors. The degree of 5. Lipid metabolism during EMT tumor malignancy increases as EMT progresses. Notably, the 6. Amino acid metabolism during EMT biology of tumor cells differs from that of normal cells, with 7. Nucleic acid metabolism during EMT regards to characteristics and energy metabolism mechanisms; 8. Enzymes and EMT abnormal glucose metabolism, excessive accumulation of fatty 9. EMT and CSCs acids and other metabolic disorders occur in metastatic tumors. 10. Metabolism-associated oncogenes and tumor-suppressor Previous studies have confirmed that the regulation of tumor genes cell metabolism can affect tumor metastasis and some findings 11. Conclusion and prospects have resulted in novel clinical applications. The present review aimed to provide a basis for treatments targeting the tumor EMT process and metabolic reprogramming.
    [Show full text]
  • View PDF Version
    RSC Advances View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Metabonomic strategy for the detection of metabolic effects of probiotics combined with Cite this: RSC Adv.,2018,8,5042 prebiotic supplementation in weaned rats† Mengxia Wang,a Xiaojun Zhang,a Yuanyuan Wang,c Yuan Li,a Yongxiong Chen,a Haihui Zheng,b Fangli Ma,c Chung Wah Ma,c Biyu Lu,a Zhiyong Xieb and Qiongfeng Liao *a The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of probiotics combined with prebiotics (PP) supplementation on weaned rat metabolism. A metabonomic strategy employing 1H-NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis was used to examine weaned rat biological responses to PP supplementation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (post-natal day 21, PD 21) received probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (L-NCFM) and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 (B-LBi07), 1 : 1, 1.0 Â 1011 cfu kgÀ1) and prebiotics (Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCPs) and Lentinan, À1 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. 1 : 1 : 1, 24 g kg ) via intragastric administration for 28 consecutive days. Urine and feces were collected for analysis. Significant topographical metabolic variations were present in urine and feces. Urinary metabolites upregulated by PP treatment included alanine, N-acetylglycine, glutamine, dimethylamine, phosphorylcholine, ethylene glycol, mannitol, phenylacetylglycine and glycoate, which were related to alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and choline metabolism. Feces-derived metabolites, including caproate, valerate, butyrate, propionate, lactate, acetate, succinate, methanol, threonine and methionine, were significantly increased, which were related to short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism Received 2nd November 2017 and TCA cycle metabolism.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Metabolism of Pentose and Pentose Nucleosides Julius Marmur Iowa State College
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1951 Bacterial metabolism of pentose and pentose nucleosides Julius Marmur Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Marmur, Julius, "Bacterial metabolism of pentose and pentose nucleosides " (1951). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 13643. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/13643 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BACTERIAL METABOLISM OF PENTOSE AND PENTOSE NUCLEOSIDES Julius Marraur A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Physiological Bacteriology Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Major l?ork Signature was redacted for privacy. Head of Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. Dean of Graduate College Iowa State College 1951 UMI Number: DP12832 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]