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Women, Resistance and the Creation of New Gendered Frontiers in the Making of Modern Libya, 1890-1980
WOMEN, RESISTANCE AND THE CREATION OF NEW GENDERED FRONTIERS IN THE MAKING OF MODERN LIBYA, 1890-1980 A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By Katrina Elizabeth Anderson Yeaw, M.A. Washington, D.C. November 15, 2017 Copyright 2017 by Katrina Elizabeth Anderson Yeaw All Rights Reserved ii WOMEN, RESISTANCE AND THE CREATION OF NEW GENDERED FRONTIERS IN THE MAKING OF MODERN LIBYA, 1890-1980 Katrina Elizabeth Anderson Yeaw, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Judith E. Tucker, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Women, Resistance and the Creation of New Gendered Frontiers in the Making of Modern Libya, 1890-1980 examines the gendered transformation in the territory that became Libya from the late Ottoman period until after independence. Questioning the official version of Libyan nationalism that understood colonialism as a masculine, and at times violent, interaction between male Italian colonists, soldiers, and administrators and colonized men, I demonstrate the multi-faceted ways in which Libyan women interacted with the modernizing Ottoman, Italian and later British states, whether through the introduction of new forms of education, the policing of community boundaries, or through the military suppression of armed resistance. I found that European colonial governance dismantled existing local institutions including the Ottoman education system. Consequently, Italian policies undermined previous Ottoman attempts at modernizing reforms while distorting many of the existing social structures. My dissertation utilizes a variety of Arabic and Italian sources from archives in Italy, the US, and the UK. -
Territorial Appropriation, Trade, and Politics in the Somalia-Kenya Borderlands (C.1925-1963): State Formation in Transnational Perspective
A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/150661 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Territorial Appropriation, Trade, and Politics in the Somalia-Kenya Borderlands (c.1925-1963): State Formation in Transnational Perspective by Anna Bruzzone A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History University of Warwick, Department of History April 2019 Table of Contents List of Illustrations ................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................... 2 Declaration ................................................................................................................................ 4 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 5 List of Terms ............................................................................................................................ -
Case Summaries and Sources
APPENDIX A Case Summaries and Sources In appendix A, all cases of extended-immediate deterrence between major powers are summarized for the period 1895–1985 (for their sum- mary listing, see table 3.2). The headings for each case include the year(s) of its commencement and termination and the names under which these cases are most commonly referred to in the historical liter- ature. Brief narrative summaries document all actions that are relevant for this study, that is, those that indicate military acts as operational- ized in chapter 3. Each case summary is completed with the biblio- graphic references for the consulted sources. For those surveys that provide case summaries, such as Brecher and Wilkenfeld (1997), the numbers (#) refer to the case numbers rather than to the relevant pages. Sources used for the case summaries are listed at the end of the references. The second section of this appendix identi‹es all other cases of general deterrence failure that did not escalate into immediate deter- rence between major powers. The summary for each case includes the starting and ending years of its occurrence, its conventional historical name, major actors and outcome (also listed in table 3.1), and the bib- liographic information used in its analysis from the relevant historical literature. The third section presents the cases of direct-immediate deterrence failure (see also table 3.3) between major powers, and the same information format is used as in the second section. 1. Extended-Immediate Deterrence Cases (Summaries and Sources) 1895–96 South African Crisis (Delagoa Bay and Jameson Raids) The Transvaal (Boer Republic), Cape Colony, and Rhodesia were viewed as parts of the British Empire and as such were not allowed to 183 184 Appendixes have independent foreign relations with other powers, although Eng- land did not interfere in their internal affairs. -
June 2020 Issue 29
Issue 29 - June 2020 Issue 29 The Magazine of the NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Italy INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP SEMINAR 2020 #WEARENATO / 1 NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Italy Ubique Celere CONTENTS LEADERSHIP IN VARIOUS FORMS Page 4 Major Stuart GIRLING, British Army ESA PROJECT FOR SPACE COLONIZATION Page 6 1 Major Andrea TROVATO, Italian Army SO DIFFERENT, SO EQUAL. Page 9 2 LEADERSHIP IN COMPARISON: ROMMEL A BOLD ‘MODERNIST PAINTER’, MONTGOMERY A ‘PAINSTAKING SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY MINIMALIST’. Major Giorgio CULASSO, Italian Army /NRDCItaly LEADERSHIP, THE ABILITY TO NOT Page 15 3 BE PREDICTABLE, UNDERSTAND CHANGES AND FIND SOLUTIONS AIMED AT ACHIEVING THE ASSIGNED TARGET @NRDCITA Col. Michele MASTRONARDI, Italian Army NRDC ITA AMEDEO GUILLET. Page 18 4 A DASHING CAVALRY OFFICER, GUERRILLA LEADER IN NRDC-Italy ITALIAN EAST AFRICA AND LOYAL DIPLOMAT OF THE FIRST REPUBLIC AFTER THE WAR. Lt. Col. Andrea MARI, Italian Army Everywhere Rapidly is the authorized of- ficial publication of the NATO Rapid De- ployable Corps, Italy. All editorial content LEADERS IN MUSIC. Page 22 of Everywhere Rapidly is coordinated, for publication, by the Public Affairs Office. 5 WHEN THE CONDUCTOR IS “A WOMAN” Lt. Col. Paola GORI, Italian Army The contents of Everywhere Rapidly are not necessarily the official views of, or endorsed by the North Atlantic Trea- CADORNA: A LEADER WITHOUT LEADERSHIP? Page 25 ty Organization and the Nations thereby 6 A CONTROVERSIAL ITALIAN GENERAL. represented. All intellectual property ri- ghts, including copyright in the content Lt. Col. Marco CAGNAZZO, Italian Army displayed on Everywhere Rapidly, belong to their respective owners. GIOVANNI MESSE, Page 28 Printed by: Grafica Olona 7 THE LAST FIELD MARSHAL OF ITALY Lt. -
Libya: the Transition to Environmental Sustainability. 2013
L I B Y A THE URGENT TRANSITION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY The Environment General Authority, Tripoli Copyright © 2013 by R. J. A. Goodland ISBN: 978-0-9792179-0-6 Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Author: Goodland, Robert J. A. Title: Libya: The Urgent Transition to Environmental Sustainability, 152 pp. [For] The Environment General Authority, Tripoli, Libya Date of Publication: 2013 Photo credits. Page 106: Libya’s Date Palms, Al Jufrah Oases project, funded by the Directorate General for Development Cooperation of the Italian Foreign Ministry and coordinated by the Istituto Agronomico per l’Oltremare, Florence, in collaboration with the Libyan Ministry of Agriculture, http://www.libyandates.com/english/. Page 111: Addax photo by Philippe Chardonnet, courtesy La Fondation IGF. 2 LIBYA: THE URGENT TRANSITION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY By Robert Goodland Electronic version available from: [email protected], or www.goodlandrobert.com September 2013 3 Acronyms and Abbreviations ALARP As low as reasonably practicable dus à la pollution par les BAT best available technology hydrocarbures; see IOPC Bbl barrels (of oil) FOC flag of convenience Bcf billion cubic feet per day FSO floating storage and offloading Bcm billion cubic meters system Bn. billion FPSO floating production, storage and C Celsius offloading vessel c. approximately FPS floating production system CAFÉ corporate average fuel economy FSU floating storage unit CEMP Center for Environmental GDP gross domestic product Management & Planning GECOL