DOCSLIB.ORG

Acute Health Evects of the Sea Empress Oil Spill

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Acute Health Evects of the Sea Empress Oil Spill 306 J Epidemiol Community Health 1999;53:306–310 J Epidemiol Community Health: first published as 10.1136/jech.53.5.306 on 1 May 1999. Downloaded from Acute health eVects of the Sea Empress oil spill Ronan A Lyons, J Mark F Temple, Daphne Evans, David L Fone, Stephen R Palmer Abstract lowed by increases in physical and psychologi- Study objective—To investigate whether cal symptoms in the general population. We residents in the vicinity of the Sea Em- undertook a population based retrospective press tanker spill suVered an increase in cohort study to assess the acute physical and self reported physical and psychological psychological health impact on the exposed symptoms, which might be attributable to population. exposure to crude oil. Design—Retrospective cohort study; postal questionnaire including demo- Methods This study was commissioned four weeks after graphic details, a symptom checklist, the incident. The exposed group was defined as beliefs about health eVects of oil and the people living on the most exposed south coast Hospital Anxiety and Depression and of Pembrokeshire (Milford Haven, Pembroke SF-36 mental health scales. Dock, Tenby, and Saundersfoot) and the Setting—Populations living in four coastal control group as similar but unexposed popu- towns on the exposed south Pembroke- lations living on the north coast (Aberaeron shire coast and two control towns on the and Fishguard) (fig 1). unexposed north coast. Sample size calculations were based on the Patients—539 exposed and 550 unexposed prevalence of symptoms in the control group people sampled at random from the reported in the Braer study.2 A sample of 814 family health services authority age-sex in both exposed and control areas was register who completed questionnaires. required for 80 per cent power to detect a Main results—Adjusted odds ratios for statistically significant (p<0.05) doubling of self reported physical symptoms; scores prevalence of symptoms in the exposed group on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression against a background prevalence of 3 per cent. and SF-36 mental health scales, in 1089 To allow for non-response, random samples of people who responded out of a possible 1000 adults (of both sexes aged 18 to 65 years 1585 (69%). old) were selected from each of the exposed Conclusions—Living in areas exposed to and control areas using the Dyfed-Powys the crude oil spillage was significantly family health services authority age-sex associated with higher anxiety and de- register. pression scores, worse mental health; and A questionnaire, with a retrospective health self reported headache (odds ratio = 2.35, diary covering the four weeks immediately after 95% CI 1.56, 3.55), sore eyes (odds ratio = the incident, was devised that also incorporated http://jech.bmj.com/ 1.96, 95% CI 1.06, 3.62), and sore throat a symptom check list used in the Braer (odds ratio = 1.70, 95% CI 1.12, 2.60) after investigation,2 the Hospital Anxiety and De- adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, pression Scale (HAD),3 the mental health pro- anxiety, and the belief that oil had affected file of the SF364 as well as a series of questions health. People living in exposed areas relating to beliefs about the eVects of the oil Iechyd Morgannwg reported higher rates of physical and psy- spill on the environment, employment, health, Health chological symptoms than control areas. and finances. The HAD Scale is widely used in RALyons on September 25, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. Symptoms significantly associated with clinical settings and was included in the study Gwent Health exposure after adjustment for anxiety and because of the marked excess of cases of clini- Authority health beliefs were those expected from cally relevant anxiety and depression after the JMFTemple the known toxicological eVect of oil, Exxon Valdez oil spill.2 The SF-36 mental DLFone suggesting a direct health eVect on the health scale was included as population norma- tive baseline data of SF-36 health scores was University of Wales exposed population. Swansea (J Epidemiol Community Health 1999;53:306–310) available from the Pembrokeshire health status 5 D Evans study undertaken in 1994 in randomly sam- pled adults from North (n=659) and South Welsh Combined On the evening of the 15 February 1996, the Pembrokeshire (n=597). Centres for Public Sea Empress laden with more than 130 000 Questionnaires were mailed to people on the Health tonnes of light crude oil, ran aground on rocks S R Palmer 4 April (seven weeks after the grounding of the at the entrance of Milford Haven harbour in tanker). Non-responders were sent a second Correspondence to: south west Wales. Over the next week an questionnaire one month later. Non- Professor S R Palmer, Welsh estimated 72 000 tonnes of crude oil and responders to the second questionnaire were Combined Centres for 360 tonnes of heavy fuel oil were released into Public Health, University of contacted by telephone or visited at home by Wales College of Medicine, the sea, contaminating around 200 km of two of us (MT and DE) between 21 May and Abton House Wedal Road, coastline (fig 1) and causing strong smells and 18 June. CardiV CF4 6QX. complaints of symptoms from residents of the Statistical analysis was carried out using 6 7 Accepted for publication coastal towns. Similar oil spills from the SPSS for Windows and Epi Info Logistic. 19 October 1998 tankers Exxon Valdez1 and Braer2 were fol- Crude odds ratios for each self reported Acute health eVects of the Sea Empress oil spill 307 J Epidemiol Community Health: first published as 10.1136/jech.53.5.306 on 1 May 1999. Downloaded from N ★ Aberaeron ★ Fishguard Milford Haven Saundersfoot Tenby Pembroke Dock Legend Oiled shoreline 0 10 20 ★ Control towns Kilometres Study towns Figure 1 South west Wales showing extent of oil pollution and locations of study and control towns. symptom in the exposed group were calculated Results with 95 per cent confidence intervals. Other After excluding those who were positively con- categorical data were analysed using the ÷2 test firmed as not resident at their home address and continuous or ordinal data using either the during the relevant period (211 and 204 people t test or non-parametric analysis of variance as in control and exposed populations respec- http://jech.bmj.com/ appropriate. We carried out a forwards logistic tively), the overall response rate was 1089 of regression analysis for each symptom in turn as 1585 (69%), with no significant diVerence the dependent variable, adjusting firstly for between the exposed areas 68% (539 of 796) age, sex, HAD anxiety score, exposed/control and control areas 70% (550 of 789). There was status and smoking status, and secondly, no diVerence in mean age (exposed mean age including the health belief eVect variable. The 40.3 years, control 40.6, range 18–65) or the 7 female to male ratios (both 5.5: 4.5) between Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test was on September 25, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. used to assess the eVect of inclusion of the the two groups. The reported prevalence of interaction term between anxiety and health “ever smokers” (six months or more) was higher in the exposed area (245 of 539: belief eVect in each model. Inspection of the (45.5%) 206 of 550 (37.5%) in the control data showed substantially high rates of re- v area ÷2 7.186 p = 0.0074), with no significant ported illness in the exposed population on day diVerence for current smoking ((28.2%) v one (16 February) (32 of 539 and 6 of 550 in (25.3%), p = 0.28). exposed and control areas respectively). We In the population resident in the exposed considered this most likely represented biased area, responders reported excess symptoms recall, and therefore logistic regression analysis and non-specific illness on the days when oil was undertaken after exclusion of those exposure was at its highest. Figure 2 demon- subjects. strates this for all self reported illness. The oil The dates of exposure to oil were estimated came ashore within the Haven by 17 February, from the Sea Empress Environmental Evalua- but did no approach the western shoreline of tion Committee’s Report.8 Carmarthen Bay until 22 February. The oil To estimate the impact of the oil on self persisted in the western Camarthen Bay until reported illness in the exposed population the after the study period. In the Haven area daily expected rate of illness was calculated from the rates of reported headache peaked on 16 Feb- control population. The observed minus the ruary, the day after the initial oil spill, and 23 expected was plotted for the two groups of February, one to two days after the major exposed populations. secondary spill. 308 Lyons, Temple,Evans, et al J Epidemiol Community Health: first published as 10.1136/jech.53.5.306 on 1 May 1999. Downloaded from 120 Oiling of West Camarthen bay starts 100 Initial grounding and oil loss West Camarthen bay (Tenby and Saundersfoot) 80 60 Haven 40 (Milford Haven and Pembroke dock) Observed-expected self reported illness 20 Heavy oiling of Haven starts 0 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 Date Figure 2 Excess (observed-expected) of self reported illness in area exposed to oil from Sea Express.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dyfed Powys Police Force Area Report
    Ymchwil gymdeithasol Social research Number: 11/2015 The work of Welsh Government funded Community Support Officers Appendix D - Dyfed Powys Police Force Area Report 1 The work of Welsh Government funded Community Support Officers Appendix D – Dyfed Powys Police Force Area Report Trudy Lowe, Helen Innes, Martin Innes, Daniel Grinnell Universities’ Police Science Institute Cardiff University School of Social Sciences 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff University E-mail: [email protected] Views expressed in this report are those of the researchers and not necessarily those of the Welsh Government For further information please contact: Dr Mike Harmer Knowledge and Analytical Services Finance and Corporate Services Welsh Government Merthyr Tydfil CF48 1UZ Email: [email protected] All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0 , except where otherwise stated. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ Welsh Government Social Research, 26 February 2015 ISBN 978-1-4734-2963-5 © Crown Copyright 2015 Table of Contents List of Figures .............................................................................................................ii List of Tables...............................................................................................................ii 1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 A Case Study Approach...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Harwyn Middle Walls Lane, Penally, Tenby, Pembrokeshire, SA70
    0845 094 3006 www.westwalesproperties.co.uk Harwyn Middle Walls Lane, Penally, Tenby, Pembrokeshire, SA70 7PG A detached bungalow in the popular coastal village of Penally, near to the coastal resorts of Tenby and Saundersfoot. The layout of the property briefly comprises: entrance hall, lounge, kitchen, bathroom and two bedrooms. Externally the property offers a lawn garden to the front and rear with an adjoining single garage and a driveway to the front providing off road parking for approximately two cars. The property benefits from being located on a no through road within walking distance of the amenities in the village. Sea views can be enjoyed from the front of the property. The property would require renovation throughout but has excellent potential. Viewing recommended. • Detached House • Two Bedrooms • Village Location • Sea Views • Off Road Parking • Single Garage • Garden To Rear • EPC Rating: F O.I.R.O £165,000 COMPUTER-LINKED OFFICES THROUGHOUT WEST WALES and Associated Office in Mayfair, London Nat West Chambers, Tudor Square, Tenby, Pembrokeshire, SA70 7AJ EMAIL: [email protected] TELEPHONE: 01834 845584 LOCATION Penally benefits from a village stores, two pubs and two restaurants, with an extensive range of shops and services on offer in Tenby, including rail station which connects it with Swansea, Cardiff and London Paddington. Pembroke is 9 miles to the west, with the ferry to Ireland at Pembroke Dock, and the county town of Haverfordwest is some 20 miles. The A477 provides good access to Carmarthen, M4 and the East. ENTRANCE HALL Wooden obscure panel entrance door into hallway, loft access, door to storage cupboard, doors to lounge, kitchen, bathroom and both bedrooms.
    [Show full text]
  • A40 St Clears to Haverfordwest Economic Active and Location (EALI)
    A40 St Clears to Haverfordwest Economic Activity & Location Impacts (EALI) Study Final Report On behalf of Welsh Government Project Ref: 33459 | Rev: SC | Date: June 2015 Office Address: Exchange Place 3, 3 Semple Street. Edinburgh, EH3 8BL T: +44 (0)131 297 7010 E: [email protected] Final Report A40 St Clears to Haverfordwest Economic Activity & Location Impacts (EALI) Study Document Control Sheet Project Name: A40 St Clears to Haverfordwest Economic Activity & Location Impacts (EALI) Study Project Ref: 33459 Report Title: Final Report Date: 6th June 2015 Name Position Signature Date Stephen Principal Transport Prepared by: SC 09/05/2015 Canning Planner Reviewed by: Dr Scott Leitham Senior Associate SL 11/05/2015 Approved by: Dr Scott Leitham Senior Associate SL 11/05/2015 For and on behalf of Peter Brett Associates LLP Revision Date Description Prepared Reviewed Approved WG Minor amendments to take Stephen Dr Scott Dr Scott 05/06/2015 Comments account of WG comments Canning Leitham Leitham Peter Brett Associates LLP disclaims any responsibility to the Client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of this report. This report has been prepared with reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the Contract with the Client and generally in accordance with the appropriate ACE Agreement and taking account of the manpower, resources, investigations and testing devoted to it by agreement with the Client. This report is confidential to the Client and Peter Brett Associates LLP accepts no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this report or any part thereof is made known.
    [Show full text]
  • Pembrokeshire
    1 Town Tree Cover in Pembrokeshire Understanding canopy cover to better plan and manage our urban trees 2 Foreword Introducing a world-first for Wales is a great pleasure, particularly as it relates to greater knowledge about the hugely valuable woodland and tree resource in our towns and cities. We are the first country in the world to have undertaken a country-wide urban canopy cover survey. The resulting evidence base set out in this supplementary county specific study for Pembrokeshire will help all of us - from community tree interest groups to urban planners and decision-makers in local authorities Emyr Roberts Diane McCrea and our national government - to understand what we need to do to safeguard this powerful and versatile natural asset. Trees are an essential component of our urban ecosystems, delivering a range of services to help sustain life, promote well-being, and support economic benefits. They make our towns and cities more attractive to live in - encouraging inward investment, improving the energy efficiency of buildings – as well as removing air borne pollutants and connecting people with nature. They can also mitigate the extremes of climate change, helping to reduce storm water run-off and the urban heat island. Natural Resources Wales is committed to working with colleagues in the Welsh Government and in public, third and private sector organisations throughout Wales, to build on this work and promote a strategic approach to managing our existing urban trees, and to planting more where they will deliver the greatest
    [Show full text]
  • Port of Milford Haven Stakeholder Perception Survey 2018 Raw Data
    Appendix B - Port of Milford Haven Stakeholder Perception Survey 2018 Raw Data 1. I live in or within 5 miles of … Pembroke Dock 10.23% Neyland 8.14% Pembroke 10.47% Haverfordwest 12.33% Milford Haven 24.88% Dale 3.49% Other (see below) 30.47% 102 miles away Llanfyrnach 20 miles of Milford Haven Llangwm 6 miles outside H ‘west Llangwm Ferry Aberystwyth Llanstadwell Angle London Anglesey Maenclochog Bridgend Manorbier Bristol Narberth Broad Haven New Quay, Ceredigion Cardiff Newgale Carmarthen Newport Carmarthenshire None of the above Clunderwen North Pembrokeshire Crymych north wales DY8 3AQ Nottingham Fishguard Outside Pembrokeshire France Pont Robert Live outside area but with strong Pontllyfni. However, I sail regularly involvement/interest in area from Milford Haven. Haverfordwest Poole, Dorset Hazelbeach Porthcawl Horsham West Sussex Presteigne I am a regular visitor to Dale Saundersfoot I don't live in or within 5miles Scotland I work in the Haven Solva Johnston Soulbury Kilgetty St.Davids Landlord of property in Pembroke Dock Stratford upon Avon Landshipping Swansea Lawrenny Tenby Letterston Trefin Live further Tywyn, Gwynedd Yorkshire Wdig Hampshire Whitland Live out of county, work in We operate an animal feed business Haverfordwest within the port 2. I am a…. (tick all that apply) Local resident 3 7.23% Owner/senior manager of a land-based business 6.68% Owner/senior manager of a water-based business 2.86% Member of an environmental campaign group 0.48% Recreational user of the Milford Haven Waterway 16.23% Journalist 0.24% Local Politician 0.95% Public Sector Employee 7.16% Student 0.48% Suppliers of goods/services to POMH 3.58% Customer of POMH 3.82% Port Employee 1.19% Visitor to the area 4.06% County, town or community Councillor 7.64% Other (see below) 7.40% 3rd sector (env/education) employee/ Manager of a conservation charity local resident organisation Previous Chairman of the Milford Haven Member of local maritime heritage Users Association charity.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Regeneration Framework Pembroke
    Strategic Regeneration Framework For Pembroke Final Report – February 2018 CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 The Regional Context 4 3.0 Pembroke’s Context 13 4.0 Rationale for Regeneration in Pembroke 18 Providing New Development/Redevelopment (Flagship Sites) 21 Enhancing Town Centre Vitality 28 Improving Movement and Access 30 Promoting Heritage and Tourism 31 Developing Employment and Skills Opportunities 33 PEMBROKE ACTION PLAN 34 Pembroke Strategic Regeneration Framework – February 2018 2 Introduction well as helping in developing a cohesive long term strategy for Pembrokeshire. 1.1 BE Group, BDP and CBO Transport has prepared five Strategic Regeneration Framework documents on behalf of Pembrokeshire County Council, to guide the regeneration of five town centres; Tenby; Pembroke; Pembroke Dock; Milford Haven; and Fishguard and Goodwick. 1.2 Each Strategic Regeneration Framework contains the following main elements: • The identification of interventions that will significantly enhance the vitality and viability of the town centre • The identification of major development opportunities (referred to as Flagship Sites) • An Action Plan setting out the key steps necessary to implement major projects including the requirements for and likelihood of external funding. 1.3 The framework will guide the development and management of the towns and highlights realistic and deliverable opportunities to secure investment in town centre developments and infrastructures. It will guide decisions about the development and management of town centres, as Pembroke Strategic Regeneration Framework – February 2018 3 The Regional Context 2.4 Even with the country estimated to have £2-4 billion less 2.1 This chapter provides the strategic context pertinent to capital available for spending than the last decade, Wales is Pembrokeshire.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Coastal and Sustainable Tourism Projects
    SOCIAL RESEARCH NUMBER: 1/2018 PUBLICATION DATE: 09/01/2018 Evaluation of the Coastal and Sustainable Tourism Projects © Crown Copyright Digital ISBN 978-1-78903-321-2 Evaluation of the Coastal and Sustainable Tourism Projects Regeneris Consulting in partnership with The Tourism Company Full Research Report: Regeneris Consulting and the Tourism Company (2017). Evaluation of the Costal and Sustainable Tourism Projects. Cardiff: Welsh Government, GSR report number 1/2018. Available at: http://gov.wales/statistics-and-research/evaluation-coastal- sustainable-tourism-projects/?lang=en Views expressed in this report are those of the researcher and not necessarily those of the Welsh Government For further information please contact: Jo Coates Social Research and Information Division Welsh Government Cathays Park Cardiff CF10 3NQ Tel: 0300 025 5540 Email: [email protected] Table of contents List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... 2 List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... 4 Glossary ............................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction.................................................................................................................. 6 2. Methodology .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Penally, Tenby, Pembrokeshire, SA70 7PN
    01834 845584 www.westwalesproperties.co.uk Floorplans are not to scale and should not be relied upon for measurements etc. Plan produced using PalnUp. View: By appointment with the Agents Services: We have not checked or tested any of the Services or Appliances Tenure: We are advised freehold Tax: Band E DGM/ESR/04/19/OK: Woodlands Penally, Tenby, Pembrokeshire, SA70 7PN We would respectfully ask you to call our office before you view this property internally or externally • Detached Bungalow in 1/4 Acre • Three Double Bedrooms AGENTS NOTE: We have not seen or been provided with any planning consents or building regulations should they be necessary. • Un‐Interrupted Sea Views • Very Well Presented • Walking Distance To Beach • Two Reception Rooms • Lawn Gardens And Driveway • Village Location WE WOULD LIKE TO POINT OUT THAT OUR PHOTOGRAPHS ARE TAKEN WITH A DIGITAL CAMERA WITH A WIDE ANGLE LENS. These particulars have been prepared in all good faith to give a fair overall view of the property. If there is any point which is of specific importance to you, please check with us first, particularly if travelling some distance to view the property. We would like to point out that • Close To Tenby • EPC Rating: E the following items are excluded from the sale of the property: Fitted carpets, curtains and blinds, curtain rods and poles, light fittings, sheds, greenhouses ‐ unless specifically specified in the sales particulars. Nothing in these particulars shall be deemed to be a statement that the property is in good structural condition or otherwise. Services, appliances and equipment referred to in the sales details have not been tested, and no warranty can therefore be given.
    [Show full text]
  • Sediment Contaminant Surveillance in Milford Haven Waterway
    Sediment contaminant surveillance in Milford Haven Waterway D. I. Little, B. Bullimore, Y. Galperin and W. J. Langston D. I. Little, Environmental Consultancy, Swavesey, Cambridge CB24 4RL, UK; e-mail: [email protected] B. Bullimore, Deep Green Seas, Marine Environmental Consultancy, Tiers Cross, Haverfordwest SA62 3DG, UK Y. Galperin, Environmental Geochemistry Consulting, Moorpark, California 93021, USA W. J. Langston, Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK Abstract Sediment contaminants were monitored in Milford Haven Waterway (MHW) since 1978 (hydrocarbons) and 1982 (metals), with the aim of providing surveillance of environmental quality in one of the UK’s busiest oil and gas ports. This aim is particularly important during and after large-scale investment in liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities. However, methods inevitably have changed over the years, compounding the difficulties of coordinating sampling and analytical programmes. After a review by the MHW Environmental Surveillance Group (MHWESG), sediment hydrocarbon chemistry was investigated in detail in 2010. Natural Resources Wales (NRW) contributed their MHW data for 2007 and 2012, collected to assess the condition of the Special Area of Conservation (SAC) designated under the European Union Habitats Directive. Datasets during 2007-2012 have thus been more comparable. The results showed conclusively that a MHW-wide peak in concentrations of sediment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals and other contaminants occurred in late 2007. This was corroborated by independent annual monitoring at one centrally-located station with peaks in early 2008 and 2011. The spatial and temporal patterns of recovery from the 2007 peak, shown by MHW- wide surveys in 2010 and 2012, indicate several probable causes of contaminant trends, as follows: atmospheric deposition, catchment runoff, sediment resuspension from dredging, and construction of two LNG terminals and a power station.
    [Show full text]
  • Dti Strategic Environmental Assessment Area 8 (Sea8)
    DTI STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AREA 8 (SEA8) Contamination of Water and Sediments Compiled by: Carolyn Voisey Assisted by: Deborah Tyrrell Other Contributors: Steve Rowlatt1 1The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Burnham-on-Crouch Contract Number SEA678_CV_data8CB Final Report March 2004 SEA8 Contamination of Water and Sediments Acknowledgements In addition to the authors, many scientists and workers in the marine industry contributed references to the database and their contributions are gratefully acknowledged. Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................i Table of Contents.......................................................................................i List of Appendices......................................................................................i List of Tables ..............................................................................................ii List of Figures.............................................................................................ii 1 Introduction..........................................................................................1 2 Description of the Study Area ............................................................2 2.1 Introduction.........................................................................................2 2.2 English Channel..................................................................................3 2.3 South-Western Approaches...............................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • TENBY. [Worrall's Chemists, &C., Continued
    400 TENBY. [Worrall's Chemists, &c., continued. Fishmongers. Inns & Public Houses. Gifford John,- junr., (and poulterer Albion : D. de Lisle, The Pier Mathias Thomas, Saundersfoot Ball: Mrs. Morris, St. Florence "\Valkinton & Son, High street and game dealer), St. Julian st. Kingdom Samuel, St. J ulian street Beehive: J ames John, St. George st. Williams William, Hi~h street Brewery Tap: Bcnjn.min Thomas, Fruiterers & Greengrocers. Saundersfoot China, Glass, &c. Dealers. Bush : Andrew Wilson, St. George Browne Caroline, High street street Adams Thomas, Saundersfoot Gibbs William, High street Bush : George 'fhomas, Market sq. Thomas Thomas, High street Young James, lligh street Butchers' Arms: Thomas Morgan, Davies John, Frog street St. James street Grocers & Tea Dealers. Butchers' Arms: William Smith, Coal Proprietors. Beddoe John, Penally St. George street Donvilles Court Coal and Iron Co., Davies William, (and Provision Carpenters' Arms : Isaac Thomas, Limited, Bonvilles Court and Kil­ Merchant, and Italian Ware­ High street getty Collieries,Iron Works, (and houseman), Minwear House Castle : John Twigg, Manorbier fire brick manufacturers) : chief Evans Benjamin, St. Florence Coach & Horses : Margaret Cousins, office, Saundersfoot; vVm. Foley, Evans J. Griffiths, Frog street Frog street local manager Evans Margaret, Redberth CondUit : Mary Griffiths, High st. Cadman and Williamson, (coal and Evans Thos., (tea dealer, general Cross : Lewis Phillips, Penally ironstone proprietors), .Amroth: Crown : H. B. Medcalfe, Frog st. grocer, baker, flour & provision Crown: John Minton, Penally office, Saundersfoot factor, shipping supplied), cor­ Morton and Shipping Collieries, Drove_rs' Arms : Thomas Williams, Broadmoor ner of Frog street, and St. Sprrng gardens Smedley Isaac, (merchant), Rail­ George's street Evergreen : Wm. Francies, 'Vind­ way station Gibbs Thomas, South parade pipe lane Gibbs William, High street Evening Star : .Tames Thomas, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Ramblers Routes
    Wales 04 Amroth, Ramblers Pembrokeshire Routes DISTANCE 7KM/4⅓ MILES ASCENT 188M/617FT TIME 2 HOURS TYPE COAST AND WOOD To download this route NAVIGATION FITNESS PERFECT NUMBER and hundreds of others, visit LEVEL LEVEL FOR OF STILES ramblers.org.uk/routes INTERMEDIATE MODERATE FAMILIES NONE This circular route follows a short stretch of the 5 Pembrokeshire Coast Path over the cli s from Amroth to AMROTH Wiseman’s Bridge – or at low tide, you can walk along the 4 beach. It then heads inland along the remains of a 19th- 3 Plan your walk century railway line that once 1 WHERE Circular walk from START Amroth village, out along the connected the area with the & FINISH Pembrokeshire Coast Path and harbour at Saundersfoot. back through the National The return to Amroth passes Trust’s Colby Woodland Garden. The return to Amroth passes START/END Amroth Arms through part of the delightful (SN163070). grounds of Colby Woodland TERRAIN Woodland and Garden, a National Trust estate 2 tarmac paths. Some uneven terrain, steep steps and a with a rich industrial history stream crossing to negotiate. ROUTE BY PAULPAUL MILES MILES L following signpost for bridleway. MAPS OS Explorer OL36; Follow bridleway until you reach Landranger 158. START From the Amroth former railway line that carried a farm, then bear R, continuing on 1 GETTING THERE Bus 351 to Arms, turn R along seafront. coal from up to a dozen collieries bridleway, now more like a narrow Amroth from Pendine or Tenby At very low tide, it is possible to walk in this small valley.
    [Show full text]