DOCSLIB.ORG

Cladocera: Daphniidae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cladocera: Daphniidae Zoological Studies 51(2): 222-231 (2012) Systematic Study of the Simocephalus Sensu Stricto Species Group (Cladocera: Daphniidae) from Taiwan by Morphometric and Molecular Analyses Shuh-Sen Young1,*, Mei-Hui Ni2, and Min-Yun Liu3 1Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan 2Hsinchu Municipal Hsinchu Elementary School, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan 3National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, Taipei 106, Taiwan (Accepted September 9, 2011) Shuh-Sen Young, Mei-Hui Ni, and Ming-Yun Liu (2012) Systematic study of the Simocephalus sensu stricto species group (Cladocera: Daphniidae) from Taiwan by morphometric and molecular analyses. Zoological Studies 51(2): 222-231. There is some controversy regarding the traditional taxonomy of the Simocephalus sensu stricto species group. We conducted molecular and morphometric analyses to differentiate the 3 species from this group found in Taiwan: S. vetulus (O.F. Müller, 1776), S. vetuloides Sars, 1898, and S. mixtus Sars, 1903. The landmark method was employed, followed by a transfer into 24 characteristic values for a principal component analysis (PCA), the results of which indicated morphometric overlap among these species. The dorsal angle, brood size, and body length were smallest in S. vetulus, medium in S. vetuloides, and largest in S. mixtus. In the Simocephalus sensu stricto group from Taiwan, the dorsal angle and body length were significantly correlated with brood size in a quadratic manner. In the molecular analysis, 98 specimens of Simocephalus were used, and the 641-bp mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequence was employed as a marker to analyze the genetics of S. vetulus, S. vetuloides, S. mixtus, S. serrulatus (Koch, 1841), and S. heilongjiangensis Shi and Shi, 1994. Simocephalus vetulus, S. vetuloides, and S. mixtus shared several haplotypes, and the interspecific genetic distance was merely 0.00671-0.00785, which is within the range of intraspecific differences. We concluded that S. vetulus, S. vetuloides, and S. mixtus in Taiwan belong to the same species and should be treated as S. cf. vetulus. The number of species of Simocephalus in Taiwan is thus reduced to 3: S. cf. vetulus, S. serrulatus, and S. heilongjiangensis. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/51.2/222.pdf Key words: Systematics, Biodiversity, Simocephalus, Freshwater zooplankton. The general morphologies of Simocephalus 1998, Orlova-Bienkowskaja 2001, Tuo 2002). vetulus (O.F. Müller, 1776), S. vetuloides Sars Other authors treated S. vetuloides as a local form 1898, and S. mixtus Sars 1903 are very similar. (Johnson 1953) or as a synonym of S. vetulus Sars (1916) first discriminated S. vetulus and (Fryer 1957, Harding 1961, Sharma 1978, Negrea S. vetuloides based on the dorsoposterior valve 1983, Michael and Sharma 1988). Sars (1903) angle. After that, many authors defined S. described S. mixtus as having a more-protruding (to vetuloides by a more-protruding dorsal valve the rear) dorsal valve margin and larger denticles margin and more-numerous and larger denticles on the posterior dorsal valve margin compared to on the posterior dorsal valve margin compared S. vetulus and S. vetuloides. Flössner (1972) and to S. vetulus (Uéno 1966, Chiang and Du 1979, Negrea (1983) treated S. mixtus as a synonym of Yoon and Kim 1987 2000, Shi and Shi 1996, Kim S. vetulus. After that, Orlova-Bienkowskaja (1998) *To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail:[email protected] 222 Young et al. – Study of Simocephalus from Taiwan 223 made a more-detailed revision and treated S. large, with the exception of the shape of the dorsal mixtus as a valid species. valve. However, the shape of the dorsal valve Orlova-Bienkowskaja (2001) proposed a of cladocerans may be affected by the brooding different method of discriminating S. vetulus, S. status, with growing embryos pushing the valve vetuloides, and S. mixtus. She drew an inner circle more prominently outwards, than in individuals along the shell posterior, the diameter of which without eggs. and the prominence of the dorsal valve being key The species level is recognized as the features for identification. The shell posterior of basic unit of biodiversity (Mayer and Ashlock S. vetulus ends without an extending shell spine, 1991). Nowadays, alpha taxonomy is still based the inner circle is larger than in S. vetuloides and mainly on morphology. Morphometry is one of S. mixtus, while S. mixtus has more-protruding several possible methods to determine species dorsal valves than S. vetuloides. The diameter and analyze morphological differences between of the inner circle of S. mixtus is larger than the closely related species and populations (Chen et prominence portion, and S. vetuloides differs from al. 2010). With the advent of molecular technology S. mixtus in that the diameter of the inner circle of S. for DNA sequencing, morphologically cryptic vetuloides is smaller than the prominence portion. species have been increasingly revealed, and the In the past, many authors proposed S. vetulus use of DNA markers as a new tool to overcome to be a cosmopolitan species first des-cribed from morphological impediments was suggested (Tautz the Old World, as it was found in many areas, et al. 2003). The ideal DNA-based identification with the exception of New Zealand and Australia system (DNA barcodes) would employ a single (Werestschagin 1923, Uéno 1927, Rylov 1930, gene, and be suitable for any organism in the Hemsen 1952, Harding 1961, Manuilova 1964, taxonomic hierarchy. Folmer et al. (1994) de- Uéno 1966, Chiang and Du 1979, Rajapaksa and signed a universal primer for the mitochondrial Fernando 1982, Boonsom 1984, Yoon and Kim cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, which 1987, Kim 1998, Mizuno and Takahashi 1991, Du subsequently became a popular marker to study 1993, Hann 1995, Shi and Shi 1996, Michael and invertebrates. Hebert et al. (2003), Tautz et al. Sharm 1998, Tuo 2002). Orlova-Bienkowskaja (2003), Blaxter (2004), Lefébure et al. (2006), (2001) indicated that the distribution of S. vetulus and Costa et al. (2007) suggested that the COI was limited to northern Africa and Europe, gene appears to be an appropriate molecular while S. vetuloides had a limited distribution in marker (as a DNA barcode) on several taxonomic eastern Siberia. Outside of Africa, Europe, and scales, but particularly at the species level. We eastern Siberia, Simocephalus sensu stricto attempted to clarify the taxonomic status of S. comprises S. punctatus Orlova-Bienkowskaja, vetulus, S. vetuloides, and S. mixtus in Taiwan 1998, S. elizabethae (King, 1853), and S. by morphometric comparisons and used the mixtus. Simocephalus mixtus is a cosmopolitan mitochondrial (mt)DNA COI gene marker as a new species distributed in Asia, Eastern Europe, character. North Africa, and North America. Simocephalus This paper is our 1st step dealing with (Coronocephalus) serrulatus (Koch, 1841) is vetulus-like populations of Simocephalus in Taiwan, also regarded as a cosmopolitan species, as which are currently regarded as conspecific to it is distributed in Asia, Europe, Africa, North the Palaearctic cosmopolitan species. We thus America, South America, and Australia (Orlova- attempted to improve the taxonomy of the genus Bienkowskaja 2001). Simocephalus by solving a small piece of the Based on the description by Orlova- puzzle from the overall picture. Bienkowskaja (2001) and other morphological comparisons, Tuo (2002) described 3 species of Simocephalus from Taiwan, S. serrulatus, MATERIALS AND METHODS S. vetulus, and S. vetuloides. Since then, this extensive collection has increased to include S. Samples were taken from many temporary heilongjiangensis Shi and Shi, 1994 and S. mixtus freshwater bodies throughout Taiwan using a Sars from southern Taiwan (Ni 2005). At some plankton net. Each sample was fixed in 70% collection sites, S. vetulus and S. vetuloides were ethanol (EtOH), later preserved in 95% EtOH and found simultaneously as were S. vetuloides and stored at a low temperature (< -20°C). Within 72 h, S. mixtus (Ni 2005). Morphological similarities each raw sample was sorted and identified under among S. vetulus, S. vetuloides, and S. mixtus are a stereomicroscope. In total, 187 individuals (170 224 Zoological Studies 51(2): 222-231 (2012) with eggs) were collected in 2003 and 2004 and Hudec, 1991 (Daphniidae) and Diaphanosoma used for the morphometric analysis: 45 individuals dubium Manuilova, 1964 (Sididae) from Taiwan of S. vetulus from 8 sites, 72 individuals of S. were analyzed in order to obtain outgroup vetuloides from 11 sites, and 70 individuals of sequences. S. mixtus from 10 sites. From this set of 187 individuals, 72 individuals, including 22 individuals Morphometric analysis of S. vetulus from 8 sites, 28 individuals of S. vetuloides from 11 sites, and 22 individuals of S. Lateral-view images of S. vetulus, S. mixtus from 10 sites, were selected for the DNA vetuloides, and S. mixtus were taken using a analysis. Additionally, 7 individuals of S. serrulatus digital camera under a stereomicroscope for the (Fig. 1) from 3 sites and 19 individuals of S. morphometric study. Morphometric characters heilongjiangensis (Fig. 1) from 5 sites were also were extracted from the photographic images, and included in the DNA analysis. Daphnia similoides 8 morphometric data points were used to construct (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Fig. 1. General morphology of female Simocephalus with summer eggs found in Taiwan (all drawings are original). (A) S. vetulus; (B) S. vetuloides; (C) S. mixtus; (D) S. serrulatus; (E) S. heilongjiangensis. The valve shape is the major difference among S. vetulus, S. vetuloides, and S. mixtus; S. serrulatus has teeth on the top of its head, and S. heilongjiangensis has a different posterior end of the valve. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Young et al. – Study of Simocephalus from Taiwan 225 24 length measurements, each of which was animals. Each animal was taken from 95% EtOH divided by body length to obtain size-free ratios and placed into pure water for 1 h for cleaning.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cladocera: Anomopoda: Daphniidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia
    Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Ephippia belonging to Ceriodaphnia Dana, 1853 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Daphniidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia Thomas A. Hegna and Alexey A. Kotov ABSTRACT The first fossil ephippia (cladoceran exuvia containing resting eggs) belonging to the extant genus Ceriodaphnia (Anomopoda: Daphniidae) are reported from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) freshwater Koonwarra Fossil Bed (Strzelecki Group), South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. They represent only the second record of (pre-Quater- nary) fossil cladoceran ephippia from Australia (Ceriodaphnia and Simocephalus, both being from Koonwarra). The occurrence of both of these genera is roughly coincident with the first occurrence of these genera elsewhere (i.e., Mongolia). This suggests that the early radiation of daphniid anomopods predates the breakup of Pangaea. In addi- tion, some putative cladoceran body fossils from the same locality are reviewed; though they are consistent with the size and shape of cladocerans, they possess no cladoceran-specific synapomorphies. They are thus regarded as indeterminate diplostracans. Thomas A. Hegna. Department of Geology, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, USA. ta- [email protected] Alexey A. Kotov. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia and Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str.18, Kazan 420000, Russia. alexey-a- [email protected] Keywords: Crustacea; Branchiopoda; Cladocera; Anomopoda; Daphniidae; Cretaceous. Submission: 28 March 2016 Acceptance: 22 September 2016 INTRODUCTION tions that the sparse known fossil record does not correlate with a meager past diversity. The rarity of Water fleas (Crustacea: Cladocera) are small, the cladoceran fossils is probably an artifact, a soft-bodied branchiopod crustaceans and are a result of insufficient efforts to find them in known diverse and ubiquitous component of inland and new palaeontological collections (Kotov, aquatic communities (Dumont and Negrea, 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • From Small Scales to Large Scales –The Gulf of Finland Science Days
    Gulf of Finland Co-operation From small scales to large scales –The Gulf of Finland Science Days 2017 9th-10th October 2017 Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn Photo: Riku Lumiaro Photo: Gulf of Finland Contents Co-operation ORAL PRESENTATIONS V. Andreeva, E. Voyakina* Phytoplankton structure in eastern part of Gulf of Finland A. Antsulevich*, S. Titov Development of the program for combined restoration of European pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) and salmonid fishes local populations in two rivers inflowing to the Gulf of Finland in nature protected areas of Leningrad Oblast. R. Aps*, M. Fetissov, F. Goerlandt, P. Kujala, A. Piel, J. Thomas Systems approach based maritime traffic safety management in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) J. Kotta*, R. Aps, M. Futter, K. Herkül Assessing the environmental impacts and nutrient removal potential of mussel farms in the northeastern Baltic Sea J. Björkqvist*, O. Vähä-Piikkiö, L. Tuomi, V. Alari A spatially extensive validation of three different wave models in the Helsinki coastal archipelago A. Ivanchenko, D. Burkov* The state and environmental consequences of pollution air pool of the Gulf of Finland transport emissions K. Rubtsova, T. Mironenko, E. Daev* Preliminary assessment of water and sediment pollutions in littoral zone of the Kotlin Island. P. Ekholm*, M. Ollikainen, E. Punttila, S. Puroila, A. Kosenius Reducing agricultural phosphorus load by gypsum: results from the first year after amendment M. Fetissov*, R. Aps, P. Heinla, J. Kinnunen, O. Korneev, L. Lees, R. Varjopuro Ecosystem-based Maritime Spatial Planning – impact on navigational safety from offshore renewable energy developments V. Fleming-Lehtinen*, H. Parner, J.
    [Show full text]
  • Reanalysis and Revision of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Artemia Urmiana Günther, 1899 (Crustacea: Anostraca)
    diversity Article Reanalysis and Revision of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Artemia urmiana Günther, 1899 (Crustacea: Anostraca) Alireza Asem 1,2,† , Amin Eimanifar 3,†, Weidong Li 4,*, Chun-Yang Shen 5, Farnaz Mahmoudi Shikhsarmast 1,6, Ya-Ting Dan 7, Hao Lu 1,2, Yang Zhou 8, You Chen 1,9, Pei-Zheng Wang 1,9,* and Michael Wink 10 1 Key Laboratory of Utilization and Protection of Tropical Marine Living Resources, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572000, China; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (F.M.S.); [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (Y.C.) 2 College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572000, China 3 Independent Senior Scientist, Industrial District, Easton, MD 21601, USA; [email protected] 4 College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Haikou 570000, China 5 Department of Biology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China; [email protected] 6 College of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572000, China 7 College of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200000, China; [email protected] 8 Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Sanya 572000, China; [email protected] 9 College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572000, China 10 Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (W.L.); [email protected] (P.-Z.W.) † Equal contribution as first author. Abstract: In the previously published mitochondrial genome sequence of Artemia urmiana (NC_021382 [JQ975176]), the taxonomic status of the examined Artemia had not been determined, due to partheno- Citation: Asem, A.; Eimanifar, A.; Li, W.; Shen, C.-Y.; Shikhsarmast, F.M.; genetic populations coexisting with A.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Status of the American Horseshoe Crab, (Limulus Polyphemus): a Regional Assessment
    Rev Fish Biol Fisheries DOI 10.1007/s11160-016-9461-y REVIEWS Conservation status of the American horseshoe crab, (Limulus polyphemus): a regional assessment David R. Smith . H. Jane Brockmann . Mark A. Beekey . Timothy L. King . Michael J. Millard . Jaime Zaldı´var-Rae Received: 4 March 2016 / Accepted: 24 November 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Horseshoe crabs have persisted for more available scientific information on its range, life than 200 million years, and fossil forms date to 450 history, genetic structure, population trends and anal- million years ago. The American horseshoe crab yses, major threats, and conservation. We structured (Limulus polyphemus), one of four extant horseshoe the status assessment by six genetically-informed crab species, is found along the Atlantic coastline of regions and accounted for sub-regional differences in North America ranging from Alabama to Maine, USA environmental conditions, threats, and management. with another distinct population on the coasts of The transnational regions are Gulf of Maine (USA), Campeche, Yucata´n and Quintana Roo in the Yucata´n Mid-Atlantic (USA), Southeast (USA), Florida Atlan- Peninsula, Me´xico. Although the American horseshoe tic (USA), Northeast Gulf of Me´xico (USA), and crab tolerates broad environmental conditions, Yucata´n Peninsula (Me´xico). Our conclusion is that exploitation and habitat loss threaten the species. We the American horseshoe crab species is vulnerable to assessed the conservation status of the American local extirpation and that the degree and extent of risk horseshoe crab by comprehensively reviewing vary among and within the regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Animals and Plants Described As New from Colorado in 1912, 1913, and 1914
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Co Bee Lab 6-1-1915 Animals and Plants Described as New from Colorado in 1912, 1913, and 1914 T. D. A. Cockerell University of Colorodo Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_co Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Cockerell, T. D. A., "Animals and Plants Described as New from Colorado in 1912, 1913, and 1914" (1915). Co. Paper 547. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_co/547 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Bee Lab at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Co by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Reprinted from University of Colorado Studies, Vol. XI, No. 4, Boulder, Colo., June 1915 ANIMALS AND PLANTS DESCRIBED AS NEW FROM COLORADO IN 1912., 1913, AND 1914 BY T. D. A. COCKERELL The present list of new forms described from Colorado is in continu­ ation of that given in the University of Colorado Studi es, Vol. IX, May, 1912, pp. 75-89 . Every species described as new, the descrip­ tion based wholly or in part on Colorado specimens, is included. For the year 1914, it has seemed best to include everything in the volumes of periodicals bearing that date, although some of the last numbers were not actually issued until early in 1915. The abbreviations are the same as those of the former list; t. 1.= type locality, while extinct species are marked t. The size of the list is surprising, and shows the richness of Colorado in new materials, as well as the activity of workers.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Atlas of the Water Fleas, “Cladocera” (Class Crustacea) Recorded at the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve and State Nature Preserve, Ohio
    Taxonomic Atlas of the Water Fleas, “Cladocera” (Class Crustacea) Recorded at the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve and State Nature Preserve, Ohio by Jakob A. Boehler, Tamara S. Keller and Kenneth A. Krieger National Center for Water Quality Research Heidelberg University Tiffin, Ohio, USA 44883 January 2012 Taxonomic Atlas of the Water Fleas, “Cladocera” (Class Crustacea) Recorded at the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve and State Nature Preserve, Ohio by Jakob A. Boehler, Tamara S. Keller* and Kenneth A. Krieger Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for the assistance of Dr. David Klarer, Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve, for providing funding for this project, directing us to updated taxonomic resources and critically reviewing drafts of this atlas. We also thank Dr. Brenda Hann, Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Manitoba, for her thorough review of the final draft. This work was funded under contract to Heidelberg University by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. This publication was supported in part by Grant Number H50/CCH524266 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve in Ohio is part of the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS), established by Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act, as amended. Additional information about the system can be obtained from the Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Population Structure of the Fairy Shrimp Branchinecta Coloradensis (Anostraca) in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado
    Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen 2049 Genetic population structure of the fairy shrimp Branchinecta coloradensis (Anostraca) in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado Andrew J. Bohonak Abstract: Dispersal rates for freshwater invertebrates are often inferred from population genetic data. Although genetic approaches can indicate the amount of isolation in natural populations, departures from an equilibrium between drift and gene flow often lead to biased gene flow estimates. I investigated the genetic population structure of the pond- dwelling fairy shrimp Branchinecta coloradensis in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, U.S.A., using allozymes. Glaciation in this area and the availability of direct dispersal estimates from previous work permit inferences regarding the relative impacts of history and contemporary gene flow on population structure. Hierarchical F statistics were used θ θ to quantify differentiation within and between valleys ( SV and VT, respectively). Between valleys separated by 5– θ 10 km, a high degree of differentiation ( VT = 0.77) corresponds to biologically reasonable gene flow estimates of 0.07 individuals per generation, although it is possible that this value represents founder effects and nonequilibrium ≤ θ conditions. On a local scale ( 110 m), populations are genetically similar ( SV = 0.13) and gene flow is estimated to be 1.7 individuals exchanged between ponds each generation. This is very close to an ecological estimate of dispersal for B. coloradensis via salamanders. Gene flow estimates from previous studies on other Anostraca are also similar on comparable geographic scales. Thus, population structure in B. coloradensis appears to be at or near equilibrium on a local scale, and possibly on a regional scale as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Alewife Planktivory Controls the Abundance of Two Invasive Predatory Cladocerans in Lake Michigan
    Freshwater Biology (2007) 52, 561–573 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01728.x Alewife planktivory controls the abundance of two invasive predatory cladocerans in Lake Michigan STEVEN A. POTHOVEN,* HENRY A. VANDERPLOEG,† JOANN F. CAVALETTO,† DAMON M. KRUEGER,‡ DORAN M. MASON† AND STEPHEN B. BRANDT† *National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Muskegon, MI, U.S.A. †National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A. ‡University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A. SUMMARY 1. We sampled along a nearshore transect (10-m bathymetric contour) in Lake Michigan to determine diet, 24-h feeding periodicity, daily ration and food requirements of an invasive fish, the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, relative to zooplankton abundance and production. Our objective was to determine whether the alewife controls the abundance of two invasive, predatory cladocerans, Bythotrephes longimanus and Cercopagis pengoi. 2. Bosminidae was the most abundant prey taxon and Chydoridae, Leptodora, Chironom- idae and Bythotrephes were the least abundant. Neither Bythotrephes nor Cercopagis were important prey for small alewives (£100 mm). Bythotrephes was eaten by over 50% of large alewives (>100 mm) and accounted for 10–27% of the diet weight. Cercopagis was eaten by about 30% of the large alewives but only accounted 1% of the diet weight. 3. Food weight in stomachs was highest early in the night for small alewives and lowest at night for large alewives. Chironomidae and large Chydoridae were the preferred prey of small alewives. Bythotrephes and large Chydoridae were the preferred prey for large alewives.
    [Show full text]
  • A First AFLP-Based Genetic Linkage Map for Brine Shrimp Artemia Franciscana and Its Application in Mapping the Sex Locus
    A first AFLP-Based Genetic Linkage Map for Brine Shrimp Artemia franciscana and Its Application in Mapping the Sex Locus Stephanie De Vos1,2,3, Peter Bossier1, Gilbert Van Stappen1, Ilse Vercauteren2,3, Patrick Sorgeloos1, Marnik Vuylsteke2,3* 1 Laboratory of Aquaculture, Artemia Reference Center (ARC), Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium, 2 Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium, 3 Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium Abstract We report on the construction of sex-specific linkage maps, the identification of sex-linked markers and the genome size estimation for the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Overall, from the analysis of 433 AFLP markers segregating in a 112 full- sib family we identified 21 male and 22 female linkage groups (2n = 42), covering 1,041 and 1,313 cM respectively. Fifteen putatively homologous linkage groups, including the sex linkage groups, were identified between the female and male linkage map. Eight sex-linked AFLP marker alleles were inherited from the female parent, supporting the hypothesis of a WZ–ZZ sex-determining system. The haploid Artemia genome size was estimated to 0.93 Gb by flow cytometry. The produced Artemia linkage maps provide the basis for further fine mapping and exploring of the sex-determining region and are a possible marker resource for mapping genomic loci underlying phenotypic differences among Artemia species. Citation: De Vos S, Bossier P, Van Stappen G, Vercauteren I, Sorgeloos P, et al. (2013) A first AFLP-Based Genetic Linkage Map for Brine Shrimp Artemia franciscana and Its Application in Mapping the Sex Locus.
    [Show full text]
  • Lineage Diversity, Morphological and Genetic Divergence in Daphnia Magna (Crustacea) Among Chinese Lakes at Different Altitudes
    Contributions to Zoology 89 (2020) 450-470 CTOZ brill.com/ctoz Lineage diversity, morphological and genetic divergence in Daphnia magna (Crustacea) among Chinese lakes at different altitudes Xiaolin Ma* Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China Yijun Ni* Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China Xiaoyu Wang Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China Wei Hu Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China Mingbo Yin Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China [email protected] Abstract The biogeography and genetic structure of aquatic zooplankton populations remains understudied in the Eastern Palearctic, especially the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Here, we explored the population-genetic di- versity and structure of the cladoceran waterflea Daphnia magna found in eight (out of 303 investigated) waterbodies across China. The three Tibetan D. magna populations were detected within a small geo- graphical area, suggesting these populations have expanded from refugia. We detected two divergent mi- tochondrial lineages of D. magna in China: one was restricted to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the * Contributed equally. © Ma et al., 2020 | doi:10.1163/18759866-bja10011 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the cc by 4.0 license.
    [Show full text]
  • Crustacean Phylogeny…? Nauplius • First Larva Stage of Most “It Can Be Concluded That Crustacean Crustaceans
    Bio 370 Crustacea Main arthropod clades (Regier et al 2010) Phylum Arthropoda http://blogs.discoverm • Trilobita agazine.com/loom/201 0/02/10/blind-cousins- Subphylum (or Class) Crustacea to-the-arthropod- • Chelicerata superstars/ Mostly aquatic, with calcified exoskeleton. • Mandibulata – Myriapoda (Chilopoda, Diplopoda) Head derived from acron plus next five segments- so primitively has 5 pairs of appendages: – Pancrustacea • Oligostraca (Ostracoda, Branchiura) -2 pair antennae • Altocrustacea - 1 pair of jaws – Vericrustacea - 2 pair of maxillae » (Branchiopoda, Decapoda) - usually a median (cyclopean) eye and – Miracrustacea one pair of compound eyes » Xenocarida (Remipedia, Cephalocarida) » Hexapoda Tagmosis of trunk varies in different taxa Crustacean phylogeny…? Nauplius • first larva stage of most “It can be concluded that crustacean crustaceans. phylogeny remains essentially unresolved. • three pairs of appendages • single median (naupliar) eye Conflict is rife, irrespective of whether one compares different morphological studies, molecular studies, or both.” Appendages: Jenner, 2010: Arthropod Structure & Development 39:143– -1st antennae 153 -2nd antennae - mandibles 1 Bio 370 Crustacea Crustacean taxa you should know Remipede habitat: a sea cave “blue hole” on Andros Island. Seven species are found in the Bahamas. Class Remipedia Class Malacostraca Class Branchiopoda “Peracarida”-marsupial crustacea Notostraca –tadpole shrimp Isopoda- isopods Anostraca-fairy shrimp Amphipoda- amphipods Cladocera- water fleas Mysidacea- mysids Conchostraca- clam shrimp “Eucarida” Class Maxillopoda Euphausiacea- krill Ostracoda- ostracods Decapoda- decapods- ten leggers Copepoda- copepods Branchiura- fish lice Penaeoidea- penaeid shrimp Cirripedia- barnacles Caridea- carid shrimp Astacidea- crayfish & lobsters Brachyura- true crabs Anomura- false crabs “Stomatopoda”– mantis shrimps Class Remipedia Remipides found only in sea caves in the Caribbean, the Canary Islands, and Western Australia (see pink below).
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Patterns in the Population Dynamics of Daphnia Longispina, Leptodora Kindtii and Cyanobacteria in a Shallow Reservoir: a Self-Organising Map (SOM) Approach
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Long-Term Patterns in the Population Dynamics of Daphnia longispina, Leptodora kindtii and Cyanobacteria in a Shallow Reservoir: A Self-Organising Map (SOM) Approach Adrianna Wojtal-Frankiewicz1*, Andrzej Kruk2, Piotr Frankiewicz1,3, Zuzanna Oleksińska1, Katarzyna Izydorczyk3 1 Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland, 2 Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland, 3 European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodz, Poland * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Wojtal-Frankiewicz A, Kruk A, Frankiewicz P, Oleksińska Z, Izydorczyk K (2015) Long-Term The recognition of long-term patterns in the seasonal dynamics of Daphnia longispina, Lep- Patterns in the Population Dynamics of Daphnia todora kindtii and cyanobacteria is dependent upon their interactions, the water tempera- longispina, Leptodora kindtii and Cyanobacteria in a Shallow Reservoir: A Self-Organising Map (SOM) ture and the hydrological conditions, which were all investigated between 1999 and 2008 in Approach. PLoS ONE 10(12): e0144109. the lowland Sulejow Reservoir. The biomass of cyanobacteria, densities of D. longispina doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144109 and L. kindtii, concentration of chlorophyll a and water temperature were assessed weekly Editor: Takeshi Miki, National Taiwan University, from April to October at three sampling stations along the longitudinal reservoir axis. The TAIWAN retention time was calculated using data on the actual water inflow and reservoir volume. A Received: February 17, 2015 self-organising map (SOM) was used due to high interannual variability in the studied Accepted: November 15, 2015 parameters and their often non-linear relationships.
    [Show full text]