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Model-Based Sound Synthesis EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing Model-Based Sound Synthesis Guest Editors: Vesa Välimäki, Augusto Sarti, Matti Karjalainen, Rudolf Rabenstein, and Lauri Savioja EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing Model-Based Sound Synthesis EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing Model-Based Sound Synthesis Guest Editors: Vesa Välimäki, Augusto Sarti, Matti Karjalainen, Rudolf Rabenstein, and Lauri Savioja Copyright © 2004 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in volume 2004 of “EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editor-in-Chief Marc Moonen, Belgium Senior Advisory Editor K. J. Ray Liu, College Park, USA Associate Editors Kiyoharu Aizawa, Japan A. Gorokhov, The Netherlands Antonio Ortega, USA Gonzalo Arce, USA Peter Handel, Sweden Montse Pardas, Spain Jaakko Astola, Finland Ulrich Heute, Germany Ioannis Pitas, Greece Kenneth Barner, USA John Homer, Australia Phillip Regalia, France Mauro Barni, Italy Jiri Jan, Czech Markus Rupp, Austria Sankar Basu, USA Søren Holdt Jensen, Denmark Hideaki Sakai, Japan Jacob Benesty, Canada Mark Kahrs, USA Bill Sandham, UK Helmut Bölcskei, Switzerland Thomas Kaiser, Germany Wan-Chi Siu, Hong Kong Chong-Yung Chi, Taiwan Moon Gi Kang, Korea Dirk Slock, France M. Reha Civanlar, Turkey Aggelos Katsaggelos, USA Piet Sommen, The Netherlands Tony Constantinides, UK Mos Kaveh, USA John Sorensen, Denmark Luciano Costa, Brazil C.-C. Jay Kuo, USA Michael G. Strintzis, Greece Satya Dharanipragada, USA Chin-Hui Lee, USA Sergios Theodoridis, Greece Petar M. Djurić, USA Kyoung Mu Lee, Korea Jacques Verly, Belgium Jean-Luc Dugelay, France Sang Uk Lee, Korea Xiaodong Wang, USA Touradj Ebrahimi, Switzerland Y. Geoffrey Li, USA Douglas Williams, USA Sadaoki Furui, Japan Mark Liao, Taiwan An-Yen (Andy) Wu, Taiwan Moncef Gabbouj, Finland Bernie Mulgrew, UK Xiang-Gen Xia, USA Sharon Gannot, Israel King N. Ngan, Hong Kong Fulvio Gini, Italy Douglas O’Shaughnessy, Canada Contents Editorial, Vesa Välimäki, Augusto Sarti, Matti Karjalainen, Rudolf Rabenstein, and Lauri Savioja Volume 2004 (2004), Issue 7, Pages 923-925 Physical Modeling of the Piano, N. Giordano and M. Jiang Volume 2004 (2004), Issue 7, Pages 926-933 Sound Synthesis of the Harpsichord Using a Computationally Efficient Physical Model, Vesa Välimäki, Henri Penttinen, Jonte Knif, Mikael Laurson, and Cumhur Erkut Volume 2004 (2004), Issue 7, Pages 934-948 Multirate Simulations of String Vibrations Including Nonlinear Fret-String Interactions Using the Functional Transformation Method, L. Trautmann and R. Rabenstein Volume 2004 (2004), Issue 7, Pages 949-963 Physically Inspired Models for the Synthesis of Stiff Strings with Dispersive Waveguides, I. Testa, G. Evangelista, and S. Cavaliere Volume 2004 (2004), Issue 7, Pages 964-977 Digital Waveguides versus Finite Difference Structures: Equivalence and Mixed Modeling, Matti Karjalainen and Cumhur Erkut Volume 2004 (2004), Issue 7, Pages 978-989 A Digital Synthesis Model of Double-Reed Wind Instruments, Ph. Guillemain Volume 2004 (2004), Issue 7, Pages 990-1000 Real-Time Gesture-Controlled Physical Modelling Music Synthesis with Tactile Feedback, David M. Howard and Stuart Rimell Volume 2004 (2004), Issue 7, Pages 1001-1006 Vibrato in Singing Voice: The Link between Source-Filter and Sinusoidal Models, Ixone Arroabarren and Alfonso Carlosena Volume 2004 (2004), Issue 7, Pages 1007-1020 A Hybrid Resynthesis Model for Hammer-String Interaction of Piano Tones, Julien Bensa, Kristoffer Jensen, and Richard Kronland-Martinet Volume 2004 (2004), Issue 7, Pages 1021-1035 Warped Linear Prediction of Physical Model Excitations with Applications in Audio Compression and Instrument Synthesis, Alexis Glass and Kimitoshi Fukudome Volume 2004 (2004), Issue 7, Pages 1036-1044 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing 2004:7, 923–925 c 2004 Hindawi Publishing Corporation Editorial Vesa Valim¨ aki¨ Laboratory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3000, 02015 Espoo, Finland Email: vesa.valimaki@hut.fi Augusto Sarti Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy Email: [email protected] Matti Karjalainen Laboratory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3000, 02015 Espoo, Finland Email: matti.karjalainen@hut.fi Rudolf Rabenstein Multimedia Communications and Signal Processing, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Email: [email protected] Lauri Savioja Laboratory of Telecommunications Software and Multimedia, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 5400, 02015 Espoo, Finland Email: lauri.savioja@hut.fi Model-based sound synthesis has become one of the most called ALMA (Algorithms for the Modelling of Acous- active research topics in musical signal processing and in tic Interactions, IST-2001-33059, see http://www-dsp.elet. musical acoustics. The earliest attempts in generating mu- polimi.it/alma/) where the guest editors and their research sical sound with a physical model were made over three teams collaborated in the period from 2001 to 2004. The decades ago. The first commercial products were seen only goal of the ALMA project was to develop an elegant, gen- some twenty years later. Recently, many refinements to pre- eral, and unifying strategy for a blockwise design of physi- vious signal processing algorithms and several new ones have cal models for sound synthesis. A “divide-and-conquer” ap- been introduced. We have learned that new signal processing proach was taken, in which the elements of the structure methods can still be devised or old ones modified to advance are individually modeled and discretized, while their inter- the field. action topology is separately designed and implemented in a Today there exist efficient model-based synthesis algo- dynamical and physically sound fashion. As a result, several rithms for many sound sources, while there are still some high-quality demonstrations of virtual musical instruments for which we do not have a good model. Certain issues, such played in a virtual environment were developed. During the as parameter estimation and real-time control, require fur- ALMA project, the guest editors realized that this special is- ther work for many model-based approaches. Finally, the ca- sue could be created, since the field was very active but there pabilities of human listeners to perceive details in synthetic had not been a special issue devoted to it for a long time. sound should be accounted for in a way similar as in percep- This EURASIP JASP special issue presents ten examples tual audio coding in order to optimize the algorithms. The of recent research in model-based sound synthesis. The first success and future of the model-based approach depends on two papers are related to keyboard instruments. First Gior- researchers and the results of their work. dano and Jiang discuss physical modeling synthesis of the pi- The roots of this special issue are in a European project ano using the finite-difference approach. Then Valim¨ aki¨ et al. 924 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing show how to synthesize the sound of the harpsichord based Westminster, London, UK. During the academic year 2001-2002 on measurements of a real instrument. An efficient imple- he was Professor of signal processing at the Pori School of Tech- nology and Economics, Tampere University of Technology (TUT), mentation using a visual software synthesis package is given Pori, Finland. In August 2002 he returned to HUT, where he for real-time synthesis. is currently Professor of audio signal processing. He was ap- In the third paper, Trautmann and Rabenstein present a pointed Docent in signal processing at the Pori School of Tech- multirate implementation of a vibrating string model that is nology and Economics, TUT, in 2003. His research interests are based on the functional transformation method. In the next in the application of digital signal processing to audio and mu- paper, Testa et al. investigate the modeling of stiff string be- sic. Dr. Valim¨ aki¨ is a Senior Member of the IEEE Signal Process- havior. The dispersive wave phenomenon, perceivable as in- ing Society and is a Member of the Audio Engineering Society, harmonicity in many string instrument sounds, is studied by the Acoustical Society of Finland, and the Finnish Musicological deriving different physically inspired models. Society. In the fourth paper, Karjalainen and Erkut propose a very interesting and general solution to the problem of how to Augusto Sarti, born in 1963, received the build composite models from digital waveguides and finite- “Laurea” degree (1988, cum laude) and the difference time-domain blocks. The next contribution is Ph.D. (1993) in electrical engineering, from from Guillemain, who proposes a real-time synthesis model the University of Padua, Italy, with research of double-reed wind instruments based on a nonlinear phys- on nonlinear communication systems. He completed his graduate studies at the Uni- ical model. versity of California at Berkeley, where he The paper by Howard and Rimell provides a viewpoint spent two years doing research on nonlinear ff quite di erent from the others in this special issue. It deals system control and on motion planning of with
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