Korean J. Res. 34(3):197-202(2021) Print ISSN 1226-3591 https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2021.34.3.197 Online ISSN 2287-8203

Original Research Article

Rosa laevigata Michx. (): A Newly Alien Plant in Korea

Woong Lee1, Jung-Hyun Kim2 and Jin-Seok Kim3* 1Researcher, Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea 2Professional Researcher, Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea 3Researcher, Geumsugangsan, Uijeongbu 11625, Korea

Abstract - We found Rosa laevigata Michx., a newly alien plant in Songjinpo-ri, Jangmok-myeon, Geoje-si, Gyeongsang nam-do. Rosa laevigata is native to China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. It is reported as a naturalized species in Japan, South Africa, United States, and the Pacific Islands. Rosa laevigata is distinguished from R. multiflora by the large size of its . Its Korean name is 'Wang-jjil-re-na-mu' based on the large flower. Here, we provide precise description, taxonomic key to Korean Rosa species, illustrations and photographs of its habit.

Key words – Alien plant, Rosaceae, Rosa, Rosa laevigata, Section Laenigatae

Introduction which distributed in East and South China, and Vietnam, at elevations of 200–1600 m (Gu and Robertson, 2003; Zhang et The genus Rosa L. (Rosaceae) comprises about 150–200 al., 2019). With large white fragrant and glabrous species widely distributed throughout the temperate and leathery , Rosa laevigata might make a good ornamental sub-tropical habitats of the northern hemisphere (Fougère- (Zhang et al., 2019). Besides, its root bark contains tannin Danezan et al., 2015; Gu and Robertson, 2003; Liu et al., 2015), used for tanning; its fruit contains sugar used for fermenting with the exception of one tropical African species (Fougère- wine; its roots, leaves, and fruit are all used medicinally (Gu Danezan et al., 2015). Conventional (Wissemann, and Robertson, 2003; Zhang et al., 2019). 2003) divides the genus into four subgenera: Hulthemia In this study, we collected Rosa laevigata Michx. in sect. (Dumort.) Focke, Platyrhodon (Hurst) Rehder, Hesperhodos Laevigatae (Subg. Rosa) in Geoje-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Cockerell, and Rosa L. The first three subgenera are mono- and reported as a newly alien plant in Korea. We provided its typic or contain two species, whereas the subgen. Rosa morphological description, detailed illustrations, and a key to contains all the remaining species (some 180 species) and is the related taxa in Korea (Figs 1, 2 and 3). divided into 10 sections: Pimpinellifoliae (DC.) Ser., Cinna- momeae (DC.) Ser., Synstylae DC., Indicae Thory, Banksianae Description of the species Lindl., Laevigatae Thory, Bracteatae Thory, Gallicanae (DC.) Ser., Carolinae Crép., and Caninae (DC.) Ser. (Cheikh- Rosa laevigata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Ame. 1:295 (1803). Affene et al., 2015; Koopman et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2015; Korean name: Wang-jjil-re-na-mu (왕찔레나무). Wissemann and Ritz, 2005). In Korea, 10 taxa of the genus Type: USA. , A. Michaux s.n. (holotype: P, Rosa are distributed (Lee, 2007). These taxa are classified 00322029!, image seen). into three section (Pimpinellifoliae, Synstylae, and Cinnamo- evergreen, climbing, ca. 7 m. Stems terete, usually meae) within the subgen. Rosa. glabrous; branchlets dark brown to purplish red; prickles Rosa laevigata Michx. is the only species in sect. Laevigatae scattered, curved, 3-5 ㎜ long, flat; bristles glandular, dense on young stems. Leaves alternate, stipules caducous, linear- *Corresponding author. E-mail : [email protected] lanceolate or lanceolate, glandular serrate, apex acuminate; Tel. +82-70-4099-5151

ⓒ 2021 by The Plant Resources Society of Korea This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons-197- Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Korean J. Plant Res. 34(3) : 197~202 (2021)

Fig. 1. Illustrations of Rosa laevigata Michx. A. Habit. B. Flower with removed . C. Hip. D. Achene.

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Fig. 2. Photographs of Rosa laevigata Michx. A. Habitat of Geoje-si (28 Apr 2020). B. Habit. C. Flower. D. Hypanthia and Sepals. E. . F. Stipule. G. Branchlet. H. Hip. Scale bars=1 ㎝ (C-H). petiole 1-4 ㎝ long, sometimes with glandular bristly and leaflike, abaxially acachnoid or glabous, adaxially densely prickles, glabrous; leaflets 3, rarely 5, terminal larger than acachnoid, margin entire, often dense glandular bristly. Petals laterals, elliptic-ovate, obovate, or lanceolate-ovate, 2-7 × 5, white, 3-4 × 3.5-5.5 ㎝, broadly obovate, base broadly 1.5-3.5 ㎝, leathery, sometimes abaxially minutely prickly cuneate, apex emarginate. Stemens numerous, 8-19 ㎜ long. and glandular bristly along midvein when young, glabrescent, Styles free, 1-2 ㎜ long, pubescent. Fruit hip, purple-brown, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate or obtuse, margin pyriform or obovoid, rarely subglobose, 1-1.5 ㎝ in diam., acutely serrate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Flowers densely glandular bristly, with persistent, erect sepals. Seeds solitary, 5-9 ㎝ in diam.; pedicel 2-3.5 ㎝, densely glandular achenes, 20-30, light tan, 6-8 × 3-5 ㎜. Chromosome number bristly; bracts absent. Hypanthia ovoid, densely glandular 2n=14, reported by Robertson (1974). bristly. Sepals 5, persistent, 1.8-3.2 ㎝ long, ovate-lanceolate,

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Fig. 3. Type specimen of Rosa laevigata Michx. in National Museum of Natural History (France).

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Flowering: Apr to Jun. ······································ R. spinosissima 둥근인가목 Fruiting: Sep to Nov. 5. Flowers reddish purple or pale red. Distribution: Native in China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, 7. Branchlets and prickles tomentose, leaflets thick in Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, texture, adaxially rugose, flowers 6-7 ㎝ in diam. · Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang Provinces), Taiwan, ····················································· R. rugosa 해당화 and Vietnam. 7. Branchlets and prickles glabrous, leaflets thinner in Non-native in Japan, South Africa, United States, the texture, not rugose, flowers 3.5-5 ㎝ in diam. Pacific Islands, and Korea (Gyeongsangnam-do). 8. Hypanthia depressed globose or ovoid-globose ··· Habitat: Thickets, scrub, open montane areas, open fields. ·········································· R. davurica 생열귀나무 In Korea, this species grows roadside and grave vicinity. 8. Hypanthia ellipsoid or oblong ······························· Specimens examined: KOREA. Gyeongsangnam-do, ··············································· R. acicularis 인가목 Geoje-si, Jangmok-myeon, Songjinpo-ri, 28 Apr 2020, J.-S. Kim kjs20017 (KB), kjs20018 (3 sheets, KB), kjs20019 (2 Note: Rosa laevigata Michx. in sect. Laevigatae (Subg. sheets, KB), kjs20020 (2 sheets, KB), kjs20021 (2 sheets, Rosa) is easily distinguished from other species of the genus KB); 29 Apr 2020, J.-S. Kim kjs20022 (2 sheets, KB); 22 Jun Rosa in Korea, with its evergreen, 3(-5) leaves, large flowers 2020, J.-S. Kim kjs20023 (2 sheets, KB), kjs20024 (2 sheets, (5-9 ㎝), and many glandular bristly features in the hypanthia. KB). The Korean name was named 'Wang-jjil-re-na-mu' because the shape of the flower resembles the Rosa multiflora Thunb. A key to Rosa laevigata and related taxa in Korea (Korean name: Jjil-re-na-mu) and has rare large characteristic. 1. Stems climbing, decumbent or procumbent. The Rosa laevigata, commonly called " rosa", is 2. Evergreen, leaflets 3(-5), hypanthia densely glandular a landscape plant that is widely planted around the world due bristly, flowers solitary, 5-9 ㎝ in diam. ····················· to its large and beautiful flowers. It is naturalized in the Japan, ··············································· R. laevigata 왕찔레나무 South Africa, United States, and the Pacific Islands (U. S. 2. Deciduous, leaflets 5-9, hypanthia glabrous, glandular- Botanical Gardens) and is also reported as a naturalized plant pubescent, flowers numerous or several in corymb, 2-4 in Japan (Shikoku and Kyushu) (Ohba, 2001). ㎝ in diam. In Korea, it is believed that the area around Songjinpo-ri, 3. Stipules pectinate, flowers numerous in corymb ········ Jangmok-myeon, Geoje-si has been naturalized or introduced ················································· R. multiflora 찔레나무 since at least 20 years ago, and it is estimated that the 3. Stipules irregularly serrate at margin, flowers several plantations for gardens in nearby villages have spread. The in corymb. growth site of Rosa laevigata is on the side of the road or 4. Leaflets 7-9, rarely 5, apex acute or acuminate, around the tomb, and grow while winding the stems of Pinus abaxially along veins pubescent, styles glabrous ····· thunbergii Parl., Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc., Robinia ································ R. maximowicziana 용가시나무 pseudoacacia L., Styrax japonicus Siebold & Zucc., and 4. Leaflets 5-7, rarely 9, apex rounded-obtuse or acute, Mallotus japonicus (L.f.) Müll. Arg., etc. Also, it becomes abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent, styles with shrubs and herbaceous such as Humulus pubescent ······························· R. luciae 제주찔레나무 japonicus Siebold & Zucc., Phytolacca americana L., 1. Stems erect. Achyranthes bidentata var. japonica Miq., Rosa multiflora 5. Flowers white or pinkish white. Thunb., Rubus crataegifolius Bunge, Rhus javanica L., and 6. Leaflets 7-11(-15), elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or oblong- Dioscorea quinqueloba Thunb., etc. There are two popul- elliptic hypanthia oblong ········· R. koreana 흰인가목 ations identified, and the total number of individuals is about 6. Leaflets 7-9(-11), oblong, oblong-ovate, suborbicular, 50. ovate, or elliptic, hypanthia subglobose ··················

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(Received 30 November 2020 ; Revised 4 January 2021 ; Accepted 5 January 2021)

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