Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(3): 786-796 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 3 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.903.093 Geomorphometric Analysis of Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar Catchment Using Remote Sensing and GIS N. Gangadhar1*, G. Manojkumar1, R. Gajanan2 and Y. Siva Lakshmi3 1Department of Soil and Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering Kandi, Sangareddy Professor Jayashankar Telangana state agricultural university (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India 2Department of Water Resource Division, TRAC, Hyderabad, India 3Department of Agronomy College of agricultural engineering Kandi, Sangareddy Professor Jayashankar Telangana state agricultural university (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds In the present study, analysis of geomorphometric characteristics of osman Stream order, sagar and Himayat sagar catchment was carried out using remote sensing Stream number, Basin length, Mean and GIS and the drainage networks of the both the catchment were stream length, generated using SRTM DEM (90 m resolutions). Two adjacent catchments, Stream length ratio, Bifurcation Himayath sagar and Osman sagar, located Rangareddy district of ratio, Compactness Telangana state, India were selected for study. Morphometric features and coefficient and drainage network of Himayath sagar and Osman sagar catchments were Rho-coefficient extracted from DEM using ArcGIS software. Such as linear parameters viz, Article Info Stream order Stream number, basin length, mean stream length, stream Accepted: length ratio, bifurcation ratio, Compactness coefficient and Rho-coefficient 05 February 2020 for both catchments were determined using ArcGIS. Available Online: 10 March 2020 Introduction The study of the watershed morphometric analysis provides the beneficial parameters Water is known as the liquid for sustenance of for the assessment of the groundwater life. All living beings are depending on water, potential zones, identification of sites for without which no life exists on the earth. water harvesting structures, water resource Earth has plentiful water due to the presence management, runoff and geographic of hydrological cycle on it, but most of it is characteristics of the drainage system (Singh unfit for living beings use and consumption. et al., 2014). Morphometric is the 786 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(3): 786-796 measurement and mathematical analysis of delineation of watersheds from Digital the configuration of the earth's surface, shape, Elevation Models (DEM), determination of dimension of its landforms (Clarke, 1996). morphometric parameters. Morphometry represents the topographical expression of land by way of area, slope, Study area shape, length, etc. These parameters affect catchment stream flow pattern through their The study area for the present work consists influence on concentration time. River of catchment of Himayat sagar and Osman characteristics are reasonably understood by sagar reservoirs (Fig.1). Himayat sagar the morphometric analysis of that particular reservoir was constructed on Esa River in river basin. Morphometric analysis requires 1925 and is situated 9.6 km in southwest measurement of linear features, gradient of direction from Hyderabad, located at channel network and contributory ground 17º02'00" N to 17º21'15" N latitude and slopes of the drainage basin. 77º53'49" E to 78º26'48" E longitude. Osman sagar reservoir was constructed on Musi river The morphometric parameters are divided in 1922 and is situated 9.6 km from into three categories: linear, areal and relief Hyderabad in western direction located at aspects (Sreedevi et al., 2009). The 17º14'31" N to 17º29'50" N latitude and parameters namely area, perimeter, stream 77º50'30" E to 78º20'4" E longitude. The order and stream length are extracted from the catchment area of Himayat sagar is 1358.53 geo-database and other parameters such as km2 with elevation range of 516 m to 730 m. bifurcation ratio, stream length ratio, Rho Where the Osman sagar catchment area coefficient, are calculated by means of consists of 746.73 km2 with elevation varies various mathematical equations (Thomas et between 522 m to 722 m. Both reservoirs al., 2010). supply drinking water to Hyderabad city. The study area is pertaining to K6Dm4 Agro- Remote sensing techniques using satellite Ecological sub region. It is part of North images are convenient tools for morphometric Telangana Plateau, hot moist semi-arid eco analysis. The satellite remote sensing has the sub-region with deep loamy and clayey mixed ability to provide synoptic view of large area red and black soils having very high available and is very useful in analyzing drainage water content and 120-150 days growing morphometry. The image interpretation period. techniques are less time consuming than the ground surveys which coupled with limited Remote sensing data field checks yield valuable results. Geographical Informational System (GIS) is a Topographic data: Shuttle Radar Topography computer-assisted system designed to capture, Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM store, edit, display and plot geographically DEM) version 4.1 with a 90 m resolution was referenced data. downloaded from http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org. Materials and Methods Catchment delineation This chapter briefly describes the details of Catchment area is delineated from a DEM by the study area and the material and methods computing the flow direction. To determine used including input parameters to achieve the contributing area, a raster representing the the selected research objectives. The direction of flow is created. Once the 787 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(3): 786-796 direction of flow out of each cell is known, it order does not alter the rank of the later. The is possible to determine which and how many relevant numbers were entered into the cells flow into any given cell. This attribute table of the drainage network using information is used to define catchment ArcGIS software boundaries. A series of steps are preceded to delineate catchment and to define stream Stream order network. A process flowchart is depicted in Fig.2. The first step in drainage basin analysis is to designate the stream order. Stream order is Morphometric parameters estimation introduced by Horton (1945). Later it is modified by Strahler (1964). The smallest Morphometric analysis is the measurement of streams of the network, which have no the three-dimensional geometry of landforms tributaries, are called first order streams. and has traditionally been applied to When two first order streams join together, watershed, drainages, hill slopes and other they form a second order stream and further group of terrain features (Babar, 2005). along its course this stream may join another Drainage basin or basins should be the study second order channel to form one of the third area for better understanding of the orders and so on. A lower order stream, such hydrologic system. Basin morphometry is a as one of the first order joining another higher means of numerically analyzing or order does not alter the rank of the later. The mathematically quantifying aspects of relevant numbers were entered into the drainage channels. Spatial arrangement of attribute table of the drainage network using streams has given rise to a particular design ArcGIS software. which is called the drainage pattern. Morphometric analysis requires measurement Basin length of linear features, gradient of channel network and contributory ground slopes of the It is the distance from the outlet to the most drainage basin. Geographic information remote point on the basin. system and remote sensing satellite images are convenient tools for morphometric Mean length analysis. To estimate the morphometric features of catchments of Himayath sagar and Mean length of channel of order the total Osman sagar reservoirs, the drainage network length is divided by the number of segments was extracted from digital elevation model in of that order. ArcGIS software. Catchment areas of Himayath sagar and Osman sagar were extracted from SRTM DEM version 4.1, with ∙∙∙(i) a 90 m resolution using hydrology tool of ArcGIS. Geomorphometric characteristics where, is total length of all orders; is such as linear, areal and relief aspect total number of segments parameters for both catchments were determined using ArcGIS. Figure 3.3 shows Stream length ratio methodology of geomorphometric analysis of Himayath sagar and Osman sagar catchments. It is the ratio of the mean length of segments order and so on. A lower order stream, such of order to the mean length segment of the as one of the first order joining another higher next lower order. Horton (1945 788 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(3): 786-796 ∙∙∙(ii) ∙∙∙(v) where, is the mean length of segments of Where, is the stream length ratio, is the order; is the mean length of segments of bifurcation ratio. next order Results and Discussion Bifurcation ratio Catchment Delineation The term bifurcation ratio (Rb) may be defined as the ratio of the number of the Delineation of the catchment area is the first stream segments of given order to the number step of the geomorphometric analysis. The of segments of the next higher order process mentioned in section 2. is used to (Schumn,1956) delineate catchment area of Himayath sagar and Osman sagar reservoirs. DEM is prepared from the SRTM data of version 4.1 with a 90 ∙∙∙ (iii) m resolution. DEM of study area is depicted in Fig.3 Flow direction raster created from Where,is total no. of stream segments of order DEM is used to delineate the catchment area u; is No. of segments of next higher order (Fig.4). Catchment of Himayath sagar and Osman sagar is presented in Fig.5. The Compactness coefficient catchment area of Himayath sagar and Osman 2 2 sagar are 1358.53 km and 746.73 km , The compactness factor was obtained from respectively. It is found that catchment area of the ratio of the perimeter of the basin to the Himayath sagar is 1.82 times greater than total drainage basin area.