Threats, Aims and Means PARTICIPANT GUIDE

Under the High Patronage of Mr Emmanuel MACRON President of the French Republic

5 years dedicated to Defence : threats, aims and means PARTICIPANT GUIDE

In the presence of Madame Florence PARLY Minister of the Armed Forces

With the participation of The National Defence and Armed Forces Committee of the French National Assembly

And of the Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces Committee of the French Senate

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

éditos 4-10 WORKSHOPS - SEQUENCE 2 - THE RETURN OF THE WORLD POWERS 24-30 Florence PARLY, Minister of the Armed Forces ...... 4 Workshop 6 ...... 24 General François LECOINTRE, Chief of the Defence Staff ...... 5 Workshop 7 ...... 25

Jean-Jacques BRIDEY, Chairman of the French Workshop 8 ...... 26 Parliament’s Committee on National Defence and Workshop 9 ...... 28 the Armed Forces ...... 6 Workshop 10 ...... 29 Christian CAMBON, Chairman of the French Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces ...... 7 PRESENTATION OF THE DINNER 30

Hervé GUILLOU, Naval Group CEO, PROGRAMME - TUESDAY, 5TH SEPTEMBER 31 President of the CIDEF ...... 8 BREAKFAST DEBATE: FRANCE Hubert FALCO, Senator & Mayor of Toulon, President THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE DEFENCE OF EUROPE 32 of the Toulon Provence Méditerranée Metropolitan Region ...... 9 PLENARY SESSION: WHAT MILITARY PROGRAMMING LAW FOR FRANCE? THE BUDGETARY CHALLENGE 33 Renaud MUSELIER, President of the Provences-Alpes- Côte d’Azur Regional Council, MEP ...... 10 POST-CONFERENCE VISITS 34-39

Toulon Naval Base (French Navy Vessel Tours) ...... 34 PROGRAMME - MONDAY, 4TH SEPTEMBER 11 Naval Group, The first European real-time software PRESENTATIONS OF THE ARMED FORCES 12-15 workshop ...... 36

Operational demonstrations and static presentations of CNIM, Visit to the industrial site and demonstration of the the Armed Forces ...... 12 Motorised Floating Bridge (MFB) ...... 38

Operational demonstrations ...... 13 FRENCH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY: COMPOSITION OF THE NATIONAL DEFENCE AND ARMED FORCES COMMITTEE 40-41 Static presentations ...... 14

FRENCH SENATE: COMPOSITION OF THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS, WORKSHOPS - SEQUENCE 1 - TERRORISM: DEFENCE AND ARMED FORCES COMMITTEE 42-43 VARIOUS THREATS, APPROPRIATE SOLUTIONS 16-23 PRACTICAL INFORMATION 44-45 Workshop 1 ...... 16

Workshop 2 ...... 17 CEIS EDITORIAL 46

Workshop 3 ...... 19 2017 PARTNERS 47

Workshop 4 ...... 20 PARTNERS’ VIEWS 48-59

Workshop 5 ...... 22 PARTNERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS 60-79

SUMMER DEFENCE CONFERENCE Organisation contact Details

[email protected] Toulon Mélodie REYNAUD +33 (0) 1 45 55 92 44 / +33 (0) 6 11 23 74 84 Monday, 4th September 2017 Louis-Gonzague ADAM +33 (0) 1 45 55 39 99 / +33 (0) 6 81 93 93 44 Tuesday, 5th September 2017 Margot COLDEFY +33 (0) 1 45 55 90 96 / +33 (0) 6 77 75 16 13 EDITORIALS

Florence PARLY

Minister of the Armed Forces

It is a great honour to take part, along with you, in the 15th Summer Defence Conference, a key event for the entire armed forces community after the summer break.

The situation that France, Europe and, more generally, every country seeking to uphold basic freedoms are facing is critical. We have frequently been the victims of terrorist attacks and that is today an on-going threat. The international situation is especially unstable and wor- risome. In the face of these conditions, our armed forces, as well as everyone at the Ministry, are fully committed to protecting France and the French people. I would like to salute their exceptional courage and devotion.

In this context, the Summer Defence Conference is an opportunity to stop and reflect. It is also an occasion to demonstrate our human, technical and industrial capabilities. It is, lastly, and maybe above all, a time for discussions and bridge-building between everyone involved in the armed forces community. This is an invaluable opportunity and I would like to personally thank the organisers and all of the partners who have made this 15th Summer Defence Confe- rence possible. The Ministry of the Armed Forces has, even more so this year, taken its rightful role in this event by highlighting the excellence of its civil and military personnel, and the high quality of its equipment, which put us in the top ranks worldwide. I would also like to extend special thanks to the members of parliament who have honoured this conference with their presence.

“5 Years Dedicated to Defence: Threats, Aims and Means” is this year’s theme chosen for us to dwell on. That will underpin discussions on our defence policies in this key time at the start of the new administration, when we are conducting a strategic review and preparing a new military planning law.

The primary mission of the Ministry of the Armed Forces is to protect France and its people, and to defend our interests wherever they may be. To do so, our armed forces must have human and material resources that match the nature of the threats and their level of commitment. That is why I will fight for the indispensable increase in power of our defence resources. Enhancing European cooperation is also a priority, and the current situation gives us an opportunity to cross a decisive threshold in this respect. We must also upgrade the working conditions of the men and women striving to defend France and whose dedication is exemplary. I also seek to modernise the Ministry of the Armed Forces and ensure it is a full participant in the digital revolution. Lastly, we have to strengthen the bonds between our armed forces and the nation.

I have no doubt that the intense discussions of the next two days will make a definitive contribution to all of these topics. It is, in fact, necessary that we mobilise everyone, military and civilian personnel, elected authorities, industrialists, specialists and journalists, if we are to overcome the challenges we face. This summer conference in Toulon offers us yet again such an occasion, and it is a pleasure to see you all here.

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General François LECOINTRE

Chief of the Defence Staff

“5 years dedicated to Defence: Threats, aims and means”

This is the theme we have chosen for our Summer Defence Conference.

The challenge facing us now is to work together, to align our efforts so that our armed forces can plan for the future. Five years! That is all the time we have under the next Military Plan- ning Law.

In this specific context, it is vital that decision-makers, operational chiefs and industrial actors across the defence community work together on strategy. Let there be no doubt about it: joint strategic thinking is key to developing a balanced perspective in line with the security and technological challenges facing us now and in the future.

This conviction must guide all of us as we head into this 15th edition of the Summer Defence Conference. At the end of the day, the growing severity of the security situation requires just one thing from you: Determination.

“I will go on!» Such is the motto of the regiment of one of our soldiers, who was killed in Mali in April. Such should be our goal. To make sure that our country does not let down its guard. To make sure that we protect France and its citizens with the same degree of resolve. To make sure that we integrate cutting-edge technology into our defence system, so that we can keep pace with new developments.

More than anything else, we have a responsibility! Given the country’s economic and fiscal situation, the effort required is substantial. Nevertheless, the President has promised the nation that he will rise to the challenge of protecting its safety.

This determination reflects our collective commitment to defending our country.

Because it is “the first foundation of national security”, we have to work together. This principle should guide our discussions and our actions, so that we can lay the ground- work for peace.

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Jean-Jacques BRIDEY

Chairman of the French Parliament’s Committee on National Defence and the Armed Forces

Political life in France is currently undergoing a profound renewal. The French people have enthusiastically aspired to this change and brought it about with determination. It will have practical implications for how our parliament does its work. A new mentality, new topics of discussion, with doubtless new expressions, all signs that our representa- tive democracy is constantly able to draw upon its own resources to re-establish its legi- timacy for the benefit of all citizens. Nevertheless, our definition of the common good, our country’s interests, and the imperatives of our strategic autonomy have not changed. Today, as in the past, they must be defended with tenacity, reason and efficacy, even as our geo-strategic environment suffers major upsets and the well-being of our social and cultural commitments is called into question by extremist and violent ideology. The parliamentarians in this new legislature will forthrightly take on these challenges, regardless of their political af- filiations. This will especially be the case for the work of the Commission on Defence and the Armed Forces, on which I have served relentlessly for many years, and which I now have the honour to chair.

As part of the edifice of government policies, some pillars bear more weight than others. Defence and the armed forces are part of this. The Ministry of the Armed Forces is a sovereign entity. We should doubtless review the implications of this oft-used expression whose meaning is not always understood properly. What is sovereign is what pertains wholly to the State and cannot be delegated. This clearly leads us to the notion of sovereignty, a concept we are called upon to defend collectively by knowing how to articulate our national interests in the context of a common European destiny. The tasks awaiting the new Commission on Defence and the Armed Forces in parliament will be complex, intense and full of long-term implications for France. Our armed forces committed on every front, deserve our confidence and our support. That confidence must be demonstrated by concrete measures, and our support by unfailing efforts in terms of the balance that must exist between missions and resources. The work of the previous commission, chaired by Patricia Adam, was unanimously praised, and justifiably so. Allow me to emphasize here the extent to which the operation of this parliamentary body depends on its full engagement. The visits made to our forces on the ground, the variety of parliamentary reports, the ever-increasing number of forthright and detailed hearings mean that the Commission on Defence now has an essential role in the common effort to constantly protect our land, our people and the interests of our nation. I am very proud to be its chairman at a strategic time when France is demonstrating the power for advancement that it can and must have in Europe and worldwide.

Our national defence, to be legitimate and effective, requires an informed and on-going strategic debate. For the past 15 years, these Summer Defence Conferences have provided a major forum for this debate. The French parliament’s Commission on Defence and the Armed Forces has cooperated with this forum since its start, working closely with the Senate’s Commission on Defence and Foreign Affairs. Coming together in one place and time allow us to find common ground. This facilitates the joint work of our commissions. The discussions we have had with our foreign counter- parts, already valuable, will be all the more so in the critical years ahead. By bringing together operational managers, members of parliament and industrialists for frank and focused discussions, the Summer Defence Conference offers grounds where best practices can be renewed, and where new perspectives and inventive solutions can emerge. I am certain this 2017 conference will, in that sense, be every bit as productive as the preceding sessions for the greater benefit of our common defence.

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Christian CAMBON

Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces

In a world full of danger, where war is raging on our doorstep, the new five-year presiden- cy faces major strategic threats. Military spending must increase substantially to cover the cost of rising activity both abroad and at home in recent years, and to enable investment in our future defence force: Modernisation of nuclear deterrence, and strengthening of the intelligence services and of cyber defence.

The President and Commander-in-Chief has committed to increasing defence spending to 2% of GDP by 2025. In this context, the theme of the Conference was determined very quickly: “5 years dedicated to Defence: Threats, aims and means”.

The decision to hold the Summer Defence Conference in Toulon was an obvious one as well. The largest military port in the Mediterranean, Toulon is the ideal location for discussing counter-terrorism, external operations, border controls, and the defence technological and industrial base, to name just a few of the topics we will be covering. Today, the Mediter- ranean serves as a strategic interface between all the current crises, from terrorism in the Sahel-Saharan strip and sub-Saharan Africa, to the major crises in the Levant, highly vulne- rable areas like the Maghreb, and indeed lawless and failing states like Libya. The refugee tragedy is playing out in the Mediterranean Sea, where the threat of force is returning...

As a result of the changes in transatlantic relations, Europe finally seems to have realised that it must abandon the idea of reaping the “dividends of peace”. Europe has the political will to strengthen its defences; important decisions have been made and are awaiting implementation. In this new European context, France naturally has a leadership and coordination role to play, between the European Union’s Franco-German motor and the strategic, operational and capabilities-based alliance with the United Kingdom, which must remain a key partner for the sake of Europe’s security.

I hope that the direct and open discussions, which have been the strength and the unique hallmark of this two-day conference since its inception, will be helpful to you all when thinking of solutions to these issues.

Thank you, Toulon, for your welcome, and I hope you all enjoy the Conference!

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Hervé GUILLOU

Naval Group CEO, President of the CIDEF

A stakeholder in and key building block for France’s national sovereignty and strategic autonomy, the defence industry must be prepared to endow its armed forces with the capacities they require, which means it, too, has a strategic role to play. The fundamental goal of Naval Group has been, for the last 400 years, to meet France’s sovereign needs in the naval sector at a competitive cost and with cutting-edge technology.

As France’s Military Planning Law begins to be drafted, we must stop to wonder about the risks to our industry’s ability to continue to supply systems at the desired level of performance, at the pace required and at a reasonable price.

The first risk is one we can no longer turn our back on: in the context of worsening conditions of world security, the major powers are deciding to again invest heavily in their weapons and armed forces, including their navies. This renewed initiative by world powers has obviously let to the emergence and fast uptake of new competitors with great ambitions for the world market. Naval Group is thus seeing Russian, Korean, Turkish, Japanese, Chinese and other companies join the international competition. This is, indeed, a new occurrence, and well beyond purely financial matters, the threats they bring to our operational challenges must be viewed in their full strategic dimensions since they clearly accompany, or precede a definite desire for influence and a political presence over the long term.

Confronted with this growing competitive pressure, our industry must stand out using its technology. The fast inroads and nearly instant maturity of cutting-edge technology, for the most part based on the same breeding ground of the digital era, mean that we cannot afford to “miss the boat”. By far the most digitally-equipped military sector, the naval industry is extremely sensitive to these cycles. The critical shift in telecommunications and electronic media we are currently witnessing requires us to be not one step ahead, but rather two or three! How can we possibly keep in sync with today’s cycles of invention that are at most three to five years if we perpetually have extremely long development cycles for ships?

This calls for entirely different means of organisation and planning, with more and more productive overlaps between new construction and fleet maintenance, just as the evolution of cutting-edge technology such as Big Data redefines the realm of possibilities. We must make every effort to consider ways to change how we run our programmes in order to simultaneously work with short cycles in technology (3-5 years) and long cycles in terms of platforms (30-50 years). The same is true for fleet maintenance, with the advent of predictive maintenance technology, the question of how to master the configuration of mega-software, cyber security, etc.

Lastly, keeping up our capacity for innovation and research is inherently tied to upgrading our skills and anticipating new needs over the long term. Naval Group, which is inherently based on high technology, has more than four hundred specific skill sectors, including some thirty so-called orphaned sectors in such strategic fields as nuclear propulsion and aviation facilities on aircraft carriers. Since these orphaned skill sectors have no other applications in the civilian realm or for exports, it is essential that we maintain them so that government contracts will provide for a substantial flow of research contracts and concrete programmes. Otherwise, we will suffer an irreversible loss of sovereignty, as is the case in the United Kingdom, which is more and more dependent on the U.S. for its naval technology.

Given the breadth of these challenges, the French government must take decisive action: if it intends to keep French military forces in 1st place in terms of performance and technology, there is no option but to work to ensure it has the necessary resources, most notably financial, to ensure that it has a robust and sustainable defence industry.

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Hubert Falco

Senator & Mayor of Toulon, President of the Toulon Provence Méditerranée Metropolitan Region

I don’t believe there is a more appropriate setting than Toulon to host the French Summer Defence Conference! In point of fact, Toulon’s symbiotic relationship with “our” Navy is long standing. Allow me to recall that the “modern” military history of this port began when Louis XII had the Royal Tower built here in 1514, followed by Louis XIV and Colbert, who improved the two docks during the period of 1670-1680, and then construction of the Mourillon arsenal, which began in 1700, right at the outset of the 18th century.

Toulon’s military port is now the main French naval base and the largest military port in the Mediterranean. As we head into the 21st century, it is home to most of the Naval Ac- tion Force, which includes the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier, the Mistral, Tonnerre and Dixmude amphibious assault ships, and the six Rubis-class, nuclear attack submarines. This means that, all together, more than 60% of the French Navy’s tonnage calls Toulon its home port. Maintained by the Toulon defence base support group, created in 2011, this city is now France’s largest national defence base. The French Navy and its related infrastructure com- prise, for Toulon, a veritable “city within the city”. In practical terms, the navy base, divided into five main zones, each with access to the sea, covers 268 hectares and 10 kilometres of coastline, and some 12,000 people work there on a daily basis.

Toulon is proud of its Royal Tower, of its sphere of influence, and of the key role it plays in maintaining peace and security around the world. The entire city holds its breath when the warships set sail and rejoices when its sons and daughters return to port and re-join their families, their mission accomplished.

France is one of the major maritime countries: it has the 2nd largest maritime area worldwide, with an exclusive economic zone of more than 11 million square kilometres, just less than the United States and well ahead of Australia, which owns the largest underwater area. For reasons of both strength and responsibility, we therefore must maintain a first- rate navy, especially when nations such as China, Russia and India continue to increase the power of their armed forces.

In these especially problematic times, when many parts of the world are experiencing conflicts, tensions and massive civil migrations of people desperately taking to the world’s seas, the French Navy is more than ever a foundation that international policy makers know they can count on.

Welcome to Toulon everyone, and have a profitable conference.

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Renaud Muselier

President of the Provences-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Regional Council, MEP

Dear delegates, my very dear friends, The 15th Summer Defence Conference will take place in a few weeks’ time in the city of Toulon, a hub of French naval and military history. The Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region is proud to be a partner in this event. At a time when the defence and security challenges facing our country are growing, it seems only natural to support this forum for discussion and cooperation between operational chiefs, government policy makers and industrial actors. I am particularly conscious of the fact that, since its inception in 2002, the Summer Defence Conference has been the only forum attended by representatives of every parliamentary defence committee in Europe. This openness is demonstrative of the dialogue and the convergence of interests between partners dealing with the same threats.

The relationship between our region and the armed forces goes back a very long way, and is especially deep- rooted in the Var, the foremost military department in France. This strong military tradition still lives on today: Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur has a bigger military presence than any other region in France. Toulon is the home port of France’s nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and its six nuclear attack submarines. Europe’s largest training camp is located in Canjuers. Istres is home to one of the French Air Force’s most emblematic air bases. As for the Army, its operational units—from the 21st Marine Infantry Regiment in Fréjus to the 54th Artillery Regiment in Hyères—and its training units, such as the infantry school (EI) in Draguignan and the light aviation school (EALAT) in Cannet-des- Maures, also reflect the diverse defence culture that characterises our region.

Defence-related activities generate over €5 billion in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, which is also home to almost 17% of France’s defence technological and industrial base activities. Large main system manufacturers such as Naval Group, Dassault Aviation and Airbus Helicopter play a key role in the region’s vitality, as do medium-sized companies like CNIM and ECA. Its industrial fabric, which has a long history of supporting operational units, also consists of “dual-purpose” SMEs. I am proud to say that the Regional Council plans to step up its support for these companies and therefore facilitate their integration into the local ecosystem, notably by inviting some of them to participate actively in the 2017 Summer Defence Conference in Toulon.

Defence companies provide us with jobs and skills; our innovation capacity and our future depend on them. Creating a supportive environment for them is one of my priorities. That is why the defence sector is a key component of our economic development strategy; it has been identified as a strategic industry on which we intend to focus our resources, and as an ‘Operation of Regional Interest’ (OIR) under our new industrial policy to promote investment in development projects and the areas undertaking them. This strategy is vital to our region. I will support it with everything I’ve got.

10 www.universite-defense.org 2017 Programme

PROGRAMME

MONDAY, 4TH SEPTEMBER 07:15 •• Buses departure from the hotels 08:30 •• Boarding of the Mistral amphibious assault ship (BPC) - Toulon Naval Base 09:05 •• Welcome coffee and tour of the flight deck - Undocking of the BPC 09:20 •• Welcome speech of Admiral Christophe PRAZUCK, Chief of Staff of the French Navy 09:55 •• Static presentations – Aircraft hangar 10:00 •• Operational demonstrations - Flight deck: Monitor the space battles – Inform – Identify the objectives Intervene and neutralise threats Project force – Hold the ground Protect force Protect the national territory Maintain the equipment in operational conditions Preserve the skills and the strategic autonomy 11:55 •• Address of General François LECOINTRE, French Chief of Staff / Testimony by the wounded during operations abroad 12:20 •• Lunch cocktail – BPC at dock 14:00 •• Buses departure to the Palais des Congrès Neptune 14:30 •• Welcome speeches and official opening of the 15th Summer Defence Conference 15:00 •• Workshops - Sequence 1 - Terrorism: various threats, appropriate solutions 1. From irregular armed forces to local terrorist factions: differentiated responses and capabilities for the armed forces 2. Strengthening of land, sea and air borders: what role can the armed forces play? 3. The Mediterranean: a community of interests and a strategic front 4. Drones and robots in the armed forces: building a military and industrial strategy 5. Maintenance of operational condition: adjusting support 16:30 •• Coffee break and visits of partners’ booths 17:00 •• Workshops - Sequence 2 - The return of the World Powers 6. Resurgence of the World Powers and control over territory: responding to the challenge of anti-access zones 7. Modernising nuclear deterrence 8. Cyber warfare and digital transformation : it’s the same battle! 9. France in the Pacific 10. France’s security and defence technological and industrial base (BITDS): the challenge to maintain skills and strategic autonomy 18:30 •• Address of Renaud MUSELIER, President of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Regional Council and MEP, followed by an aperitif 19:30 •• Buses departure from the Palais des Congrès Neptune to the Palais du Commerce et de la Mer 20:00 •• Dinner at the Palais du Commerce et de la Mer - Address of Hubert FALCO, Senator & Mayor of Toulon, President of the toulon Provence Méditerranée Metropolitan Region - In the presence of Florence PARLY, Minister of the Armed Forces

11 www.universite-defense.org PRESENTATIONS OF THE ARMED FORCES - MONDAY 4TH SEPTEMBER

Armed forces dynamic demonstrations and static presentations

This year, the French armed forces intend their presentation to be concrete. It will differ from previous models since it involves a static presentation on board an amphibious assault ship.

The resources presented were chosen to illustrate the general theme “Five years dedicated to Defence: threats, aims and means”, along with the various topics dealt with in the workshops and plenary sessions.

This event is an exceptional opportunity to explain the overwhelming need for consistent perspectives on current threats, missions conferred and the resources in hand; to set out key issues that serve as a basis for discussion of the major challenges to our armed forces (LFI 2018, MPL, operating contracts, etc.); to introduce military capabilities and equipment that illustrate the topics covered; to raise awareness of the reality of our operational commitments; and lastly, to demonstrate our military’s capacity for innovation.

The general idea behind the static presentation is to have visitors talk directly with the military personnel in charge of the stands. These personnel were selected because of their wealth of experience with military operations and will use their missions as a springboard for ex- plaining the properties and conditions for use of the equipment and systems our nation has placed at their disposal.

Please do not hesitate to ask them questions: they are fully competent and proud of their jobs.

The dynamic demonstrations and static presentations were set up to show that, in order to deal with current threats, from radical Islamic terrorism to the resurgence of major powers, it is imperative that we be able to, and know how to, act in every battle arena: on land, at sea and in the air, including intangible arenas.

The critical overlap in our actions, for our national territory and in our areas of special concern, is based on the five major strategic functions: national security, dissuasion, intervention, awareness and anticipation, and prevention.

The dynamic demonstrations and static presentations are thus done with this in mind, based on our tasks: surveillance and intelligence, neutralising threats, intervention to counter pin-point or broad-ranging attacks, projecting strength and holding our ground, protecting ourselves and protecting our lands.

Our presentations on equipment will stress the problems of keeping it operational, of making the best possible use of finite resources that are over-committed, and of how to maintain proprietary skills that allow us to be strategically independent.

Produced and deployed by the joint operations command (CPOIA), these presentations by our armed forces benefited from contributions by many: the army, the air force, the navy - which is hosting this conference at the Toulon naval base, and the General Directorate for Armaments. The Department of Network Infrastructure and Information Systems, the Military Intelligence Department and the EM cyber section also provided assistance with this presentation.

12 www.universite-defense.org MONDAY 4TH SEPTEMBER - PRESENTATIONS OF THE ARMED FORCES

Dynamic demonstrations The resources presented for each mission

From the flight deck, you will attend a series of operational demonstrations, structured around four main missions:

Surveillance - Intelligence

Intelligence and surveillance missions are conducted in every realm: land, air, sea, space, cybernetics.

The dynamic presentation will demonstrate aerial resources used for intelligence gathering and threat detection.

Means presented Drones, E2C Hawkeye, etc.

Intervene - Neutralise

Once intelligence is gathered and analysed, and useful information distributed, operations have to be decided on.

This may involve a civil defence mission, rescue operations, environmental management or security measures. Howe- ver, our armed forces must have the wherewithal to destroy the enemy.

Means presented C135 and Mirage 2000 D aircraft, Tiger Patrol helicopters, etc.

Projecting strength - Holding our ground

Solving current or potential crisis requires having a deployment capacity fully designed for the right need. Our amphibious assault ships are an essential and effective means of projecting strength. They serve to transport heavy equipment (exhibited on the dock and the various bridges). However, we must also be able to rapidly deploy precursor elements, support contingents and MCO.

Means presented A 400 M and EDAR, supported by Tigre patrol craft, CAIMAN, etc.

Protection

Today, the contribution of our armed forces to national security is evident to every citizen because of Operation Sentinel. This is part of our Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness campaign, which covers all the measures taken by armed forces personnel, departments and divisions for the strategic function of national security. The Army is the main party called on for these land-based operations. More discreetly, our armed forces have also long been engaged in protecting our national territory in the air and at sea:

Protection of our air space: the Permanent Security Posture, which includes anti-drone operations;

Protection of maritime areas: Permanent Maritime Safeguard Posture, which covers Maritime Territorial Defence and State Actions at Sea.

Means presented Offshore patrol vessel, PANTHER helicopter, Multi-use Embarkable Commando Craft (ECUME), 1 Navy commando group: NH90, minesweeper, etc.

13 www.universite-defense.org PRESENTATIONS OF THE ARMED FORCES - MONDAY 4TH SEPTEMBER

Static Presentations Equipment presentations

Feel free to move along the display equipment stands, which will be installed in the Aircraft hangar and structured around five missions. Do not hesitate to discuss with the military personnel should you have any questions.

Intelligence on and for battle spaces

This part of the static presentation shows how intelligence is gathered, analysed, merged and used to provide action intel.

Means presented Cyber, REAPER drone, ELISA satellite, VAB CATI (electronic warfare), etc.

Intervention and threat neutralisation

In addition to their capacity for fighting terrorism, our armed forces also must have the means necessary for France to meet its commitments to international entities and stand up to the resurgence of major world powers.

Means presented CAESAR artillery group deployed in Iraq (Operation CHAMMAL), a RAFALE fighter jet armed with a SCALP missile, a BARRACUDA nuclear attack submarine, etc.

Projecting strength - Holding our ground

Projecting strength requires constant speed, flexibility, mass and permanency.

Means presented A400M aircraft, FELIN group, LECLERC tank, etc.

Defending our own forces

Given today’s threats, the balance between sword and shield continues to be a challenge.

Means presented CIEL (IED countermeasure exploitation laboratory), bomb-disposal divers, reconnaissance and risk assessment team (NRBC), etc.

National security

Our armed forces contribute to national security and, in particular, on an inter-ministerial basis to fight terrorism. A global approach is a goal still to be attained.

Means presented AA mini-drone workshop, SENTINELLE group, COSMOS: tracking space objects, etc.

Keeping equipment in operating condition

The use of existing means currently committed well beyond operating contracts, on “abrasive” terrain, under often very violent combat conditions (IEDs), means that we must have a robust operational maintenance system so as to make optimal use of equipment in the field and possess sufficient training resources at home.

Means presented Aircraft operational maintenance at the inter-ministerial level, remote-based operational maintenance, logistics in the Sub-Saharan-Sahel region, etc.

14 www.universite-defense.org MONDAY 4TH SEPTEMBER - PRESENTATIONS OF THE ARMED FORCES

Maintaining skills and strategic autonomy “Our defence system sovereignty is built upon a strong industry. This crucial issue is at the heart of the long-term action of the French Defence Procurement Agency (DGA). Four inseparable levers are needed to succeed: investment, innovation, expertise and export.” Laurent Collet-Billon, Former Head of the DGA.

Investment: ensuring durability of the Forces’ equipment, now and in the future. Means presented SLAM-F future mine countermeasures system, FTI Medium-Size Frigates…

Investment: guaranteeing performances, security and the safety of any supplied equipment, by unique and separate means. Means presented from research project to simulation, in three specific domains: ISL laboratories, industrial environment, nEUROn prototype, …

Investment: staying ahead in the technological development, in order to ensure the competitiveness of our industry and an operational advantage for our combatants in the field. Means presented ROV3D programme, mini-drone recognition system, …

Investment: maintaining a high-performing national workforce for the sustainability of our programming and our industry (e.g.: SCORPION modernisation programme). Means presented JAGUAR armoured reconnaissance and combat vehicle, renovated LECLERC MBT, …

15 www.universite-defense.org WORKSHOPs - Sequence 1

WORKSHOPs Monday 4th September – Palais des Congrès Neptune

Welcome address of Hubert FALCO, Senator & Mayor of Toulon, President of the Toulon Provence Méditerranée Me- tropolitan Region. Official opening of the 15th Summer Defence Conference by Jean-Jacques BRIDEY, Chairman of the French Parliament’s Committee on National Defence and the Armed Forces, and Christian CAMBON, Chairman of the French Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces.

15:00 Sequence 1 - Terrorism: various threats, appropriate solutions

WORKSHOP 1 From irregular armed forces to local terrorist factions: differentiated responses and capabilities for the armed forces

CO-CHAIRED BY Jean-Marie BOCKEL, Senator for Haut-Rhin, Former government Minister Jeanny LORGEOUX, Senator for Allier Olivier BECHT, MP for Haut-Rhin Françoise DUMAS, MP for Gard, Deputy Chairwoman of the National Defence and Armed Forces Committee

LED BY Didier FRANCOIS, Journalist for Europe 1

For some fifteen years, our armed forces have been on the front lines, sometimes alone or in a coalition, in fighting international terrorism. They are thus engaged simultaneously on national territory, in the context of Operation Sentinelle, and beyond our borders as part of many exterior operations, such as Barkhane, Chammal, etc. This situation reveals a clear double continuum: defence-security, interior-exterior.

In the 1990s, external actions conducted by France or by its European partners aimed to “export” peace. However, since the 2000s, from Afghanistan to the Sahel-Saharan strip, the external operations in which our armed forces are engaged have often been devoted to ensuring our defence directly, including at home, due to the manifest links between the international terrorist nebula and the terrorist cells at work on the European continent. The bottom line is that, even if our objective—fighting international Islamic terrorism—is the same both beyond and within our borders, the enemy faced by our armed forces has been shown to have many facets: its purposes, modes of action and even different guises. This situation thus gives rise to a number of findings that stand as challenges for our armed forces.

As is the case with Al-Qaeda and ISIS, most of the current radical Islamic groups have built up combat forces, sometimes by drawing on marginalised groups within their home countries. Especially active in the Middle East and the Maghreb, as well as in the Sahel-Saharan strip, they mostly use terrorist tactics. Since the rise of ISIS, they have issued a call to move beyond the borders of nation-states in the interest of re-establishing a caliphate or imposing Sharia law, invoking the nostalgia of a past grandeur and fomenting a religious fervour played out as millenarianism and fanaticism. ISIS thus accompanies its local strategies with a globalising discourse, which has captured the attention “soldiers” eager to join their cause, including acting at the very heart of western societies. In Africa, as in the Middle East, and ever more frequently in European societies, this call—as with those of Al-Qaeda and its regional franchises—has resonated. This new and broader phenomenon forces our governments into strong and adapted responses guarantee both the stability of our strategic neighbours as well as peace and security on our national territory.

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In its expression, the Islamic terrorist threat takes on very diverse forms, particularly mobile ones, to which our armed forces must adapt and provide adequate responses constantly. At home, they do so in the context of the permanent posture of maritime and airborne security. Especially in the context of the Sentinelle deployment, military forces cannot be used as a mere supplement to the security forces in charge of protecting our population: that means devising surely new interactions and synergies that would serve to make the best of the experience accumulated by our armed forces in their exterior engagements and the specific know-how they possess. Their contribution to the fight against terrorism at home could lead them to intervene in the areas of cyber defence, logistics or public health, while still being able—as a last re- sort—to be called on to support our security forces. Doing so means hic et nunc preparing for what comes after Sentinelle, specifically by drawing on operational reserves to free up manpower susceptible to being deployed to other theatres.

Our fight against terrorists also demands that we reflect on the resources required, possibly new ones, to henceforth equip our armed forces based on whether their actions are on national territory or abroad, on land, at sea, or in the air, and also in the field of cyber security. In both cases, a concerted effort must be made on the matter of how to enhance protection of the combatants and provide a reactive, suitable defence in the face of a discrete and sudden threat. Mo- reover, fighting terrorists demands that our armed forces be rapidly deployable and highly mobile. They must be able— and this is especially true for the current external theatres of operation—to act fast and far (stretching logistics), and anticipate the threat over often extensive areas. In this context, the armed forces must have sufficient means of attack and aerial re-fuelling available, as well as drone type surveillance systems that offer a wide range of coverage (tactical, operational, strategic), enabling them to anticipate and act fast under the best possible security conditions. Lastly, in facing terrorists, our armed forces must have reinforced capacities for anticipation and action: targeting, geolocalisation, right up to their means of attack... Some of these capacities could doubtless be shared among other national security forces, but also in the context of reinforced cooperation with our allies, foremost European ones.

Considering these various findings, this workshop will seek to reflect on the specificity of the radical Islamic terrorist threat, combining, regardless of the environment, the deployment of rustic techniques and of extremely modern means of communication; to analyse the specificity of the military responses to be provided, in external operations and on national territory, by identifying the expertise, the skills and the resources that are susceptible, or should be susceptible, to being implemented to deal with the situation; and lastly, to envision the current or potential synergies with other security forces on the internal level, as well as the necessary cooperation with our allies for the various theatres of operation.

WORKSHOP 2 Strengthening of land, sea and air borders: what role can the armed forces play?

CO-CHAIRED BY Jacques MARILOSSIAN, MP for Hauts-de-Seine Gisèle JOURDA, Senator for Aude Jacques LEGENDRE, Senator for Nord

LED BY Nathalie HERNANDEZ, Journalist for France Inter

“Delineating, limiting, taking care of issues at home… States have obstinately been searching for this security.” Reiterated in 1986 by Fernand Braudel in his book, “L’identité de la France” (The Identity of France), this political finding still rings true today, particularly in a period of crisis marked by migration as well as terrorism. Precisely in this time of terrorist threats, questions of surveillance and how to protect our borders arise with a new acuity while, at the same time, the general trend is towards opening spaces and facilitating trans-border flows. This is not only a question for France or its European partners, it is also one most States are facing: thus, to deal with the terrorist threat and arms trafficking, Tunisia has recently decided to deploy an electronic surveillance system along its border with Libya.

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The extraordinary inflow of migrants from the eastern Mediterranean experienced by the EU in 2015 and 2016, just as the terrorist attacks that took place on its soil during the same period of time, has revealed the need strengthen the protection of the EU’s external borders and, at the same time, has justified the temporary reinstatement of checkpoints at several of its internal borders This crisis has certainly heightened European awareness regarding the need to control borders and has led to significant progress, at the forefront of which is the evolution of Frontex towards the model of a European border guard and coast guard agency backed by increased resources. At the same time, due precisely to the attacks that struck France and a number of other European countries, the Schengen Borders Code has been tightened up so that checks at external EU borders systematic and more thorough1.

Traditionally, border surveillance and protection have been the exclusive jurisdiction of the States. In the case of the Euro- pean Union, this evolved slightly once the internal borders were erased to allow for the freedom of movement of persons and goods, and once a European border guard agency was set up to promote integrated management of the Union’s external borders. The underlying idea was to establish a common policy for management of the external borders, even if, in reality, those countries with an external border are the only ones responsible for controlling them.

In France, even though the Air Force and the Navy have long contributed to defending the approaches to our national territory—the former through the permanent posture of air security and the latter by the State’s action at sea—this context may involve the appearance of new measures, such as a “land-based protection posture”. For our armed forces, this means re-appropriating the problems specific to each border. The idea is to be prepared to confront broad-ranging crises in which the know-how of the armed forces and their specific capabilities (surveillance of land movements, mobility capacities, valorisation of the support points comprised by the bases, expertise in crowd control, night-vision capability, 3D coordination, etc.) could help deal with these situations. Starting now, our armed forces are able to intervene at land borders or in their surroundings, based on a dynamic concept that gives priority to unpredictability in order to keep the upper hand. This non-sustainable approach will be used to good advantage to pursue the operational preparation topics required for higher intensity engagements.

In its security strategy for maritime spaces, the Navy, in turn, takes part in naval operations led by NATO and the EU to combat smugglers in the Mediterranean Sea. Through inter-governmental agreements (IGA) currently being defined (specifically with the UK and Italy), it also contributes to the deployment of teams for the protection of passenger ships (EP- NAP). This dynamic also applies to port zones, where the constitution and reinforcement of maritime and port surveillance platoons (PSMP) helps reinforce the means of protection of maritime approaches.

We should also note that our armed forces participate very directly and more broadly in the surveillance of France’s maritime borders abroad. In fact, the matter of border surveillance arises in a rather unique fashion for France since, in contrast to its European partners, it must also control and monitor borders on the American continent, in the Caribbean, in the Indian Ocean and, lastly, in the Pacific. However, to take only the case of the Pacific zones, the resources available to the French Navy and Air Force are limited.

Border surveillance that involves constant observation and control, and reinforcing the control of land, air or maritime borders, is dependent on new resources, such as drone systems or satellite capabilities. It also means having capacities of action to apply the law, lest we be limited to observing without the power to enforce.

This workshop will focus on specifying the various roles of our armed forces participation in the management of borders for our continental territory and the implications of their involvement. What is the specific contribution of our armed forces in terms of means and skills? What synergies with civil forces does this participation give rise to in the context of providing the territory with protection that is dynamic, adaptable, on-line and articulated at all levels? Lastly, what types of Euro- pean cooperation could be encouraged and developed in this domain?

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WORKSHOP 3 The Mediterranean: a community of interests and a strategic front

CO-CHAIRED BY Christian CAMBON, Senator for Val-de-Marne, Chairman of the French Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces Josette DURRIEU, Senator for Hautes-Pyrénées, Deputy Chairwoman of the French Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces Jean-Jacques FERRARA, MP for Corse-du-Sud Alexandra VALETTA ARDISSON, MP for Alpes-Maritimes

LED BY Pierre-Louis PAGES, Journalist for Var Matin

The Mediterranean, “a sea amidst the land”, covers a surface area of approximately 2.5 million square kilometres. Although it accounts for only 1% of the total surface area of the earth’s oceans, the Mediterranean is a trade route through which nearly 30% of the world’s shipping traffic passes every year.

An area of traffic and exchanges between North Africa, the Middle East and Europe, the Mediterranean region has now become a strategic front of primary importance. Taken as a whole, the Mediterranean Basin concentrates most of the factors of instability that are an immediate threat to Europe (a zone of confrontation of powers, bordered by States, some of which are in deep crises, a multi-faceted terrorist threat, etc.). This poses a threefold challenge in terms of security, development and migration control for the European Union and for France in particular.

The Mediterranean is now both an area of trafficking and the macabre stage of an unprecedented migration crisis, in particular since 2015. Fuelled by the many conflicts under way in Syria and Libya, and more generally in Africa, this crisis is a major political challenge for Europe. In the course of 2015, according to the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) and the UN High Commission for Refugees, more than one million refugees arrived in Europe, causing frequent diplomatic tensions between EU member countries and, internally, a rise in populism.

Because they play a decisive role in stemming the terrorism that thrives in the Sahel-Saharan strip, the Maghreb countries—in particular, Tunisia, fully engaged in democracy building and threatened by the crisis in Libya, as well as Morocco, which helps establish a religious counter-discourse in the face of rising jihadism, and even Algeria, the largest military power in the region—must be at the core of our security and defence cooperation. At the same time, the advancement towards shared economic prosperity promises to restore balance in terms of migratory flows. But this progress entails an effort not only to stabilise the security situation but also to boost European and French support for development in coastal Mediterranean countries, which are already among France’s key partners on this issue, as well as those countries extending down to the Sahel.

These security and development challenges have cropped up at a sensitive time for Europe. The Mediterranean continues to be a contested realm, where strategic competition has even increased in recent years: the crisis in Syria was thus an occasion for Russia to make a very clear return to the Mediterranean region. In this sense, Russian airborne actions in Syria, the no-fly zones set up, and the Russian naval and air force postures remind us in some ways of the Cold War: an operating presence close to our cities, Russian strategic bombers overflying our borders, the presence of intelligence gathering ships or submarines. China, for its part, seems to have taken advantage of the unprecedented economic crisis in Greece in 2008 to impose itself economically in this key area. Lastly, starting in 2015, the Russians and the Chinese conducted joint naval exercises in the Mediterranean (Joint Sea 2015). Finally, in this coveted area, submarine operations, once controlled by a restricted circle of countries, are now subject to considerable investments by new actors.

In order to meet these crucial challenges, a number of measures have been established within the last twenty years in terms of security and development. Launched in 1994, the NATO “Mediterranean Dialogue” programme seeks to create the conditions for cooperation between of States on the south side of the Mediterranean in order to reinforce regional

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stability so as to “contribute to the security and stability of the region, achieve better mutual understanding and dispel any misconceptions about NATO among Dialogue countries.” For its part, in 1995, the European Union launched the Euro-Medi- terranean Partnership after the Barcelona conference. Five years earlier, in 1990, the 5+5 Dialogue was created, grouping together Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania and Tunisia, along with Spain, France, Italy, Malta and Portugal.

Since these various initiatives were taken, the geopolitics of the Mediterranean rim have been profoundly changed: the “Arab springs” that occurred from December 2010 to 2012 effectively changed the lay of the land. In the end, they resulted in the destabilisation of some States, such as Libya or Syria, which affected the stability of the entire Mediterranean region.

The Mediterranean region thus constitutes both a community of interests, with a shared history whose future is directly tied to our ability to think in terms of shared development, and a strategic front, due to the international terrorist threat and the persistence of inter-state rivalries, including those between major world powers.

In this context, how do we ensure this dual relationship between security and development in the context of Europe’s increased budgetary pressure? Moreover, How do we maintain French influence when other key players are looking to gain a foothold in the southern Mediterranean on the basis of defence cooperation and, more generally, when the Mediterranean is seen as a playing field for major world powers such as the U.S., Russia and China?

WORKSHOP 4 Drones and robots in the armed forces: building a military and industrial strategy

CO-CHAIRED BY Fabien GOUTTEFARDE, MP for Eure Frédérique LARDET, MP for Haute-Savoie Cédric PERRIN, Senator for Territoire de Belfort, Deputy Chairman of the French Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces Gilbert ROGER, Senator for Seine-Saint-Denis, Deputy Chairman of the French Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces

LED BY Bruno BESSON, Journalist for La Nouvelle République du Centre-Ouest, Chairman of AJD

One of the first military robots placed in operation was the Goliath, a wire-guided device on caterpillar treads. The German army used this piece of equipment loaded with explosives during World War II, specifically against enemy charges or fortifications.

Designed, tested and then placed in service by many armed forces since that time, various forms of teleguided systems have been developing rapidly in the last twenty years. This dynamic is due to a number of factors that are technological, cultural, sociological and ethical in nature: fast and constant changes in digital technology, development of their resilience, miniaturisation of systems and sensors, on one hand, and the desire to minimise combatant exposure in the field, on the other.

With the digitalization of the battle field, operational tempo has stepped up significantly over recent years, thus serving to respond to new threats. This evolution towards an ever-shorter decision-making loop will accelerate. Due to their endurance and ability to transmit massive data flows in real time and continuously, teleguided systems, such as aerial drones or satellites, constitute indispensable advantages on the battlefield. They make it possible to conduct large-area surveillance, carry out reconnaissance missions, guide action, and evaluate the damage following a strike. These systems also serve to do away with the constraints derived from the need to have a navigational crew on board.

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In a more general sense, teleguided systems are being used more and more in the various theatres of operation and terrains: air, land, sea and space. Less sensitive to the environmental conditions of engagement than humans (tempe- rature, weather conditions, NRBC risk, combat stress and physiological constraints), they have many advantages and contribute directly to the economy of the forces in every sense of the term. Their market is soaring. According to a recent American study, sales in this sector could reach 10.2 billion dollars in 2021.

The rising use by our armed forces of drones and information processing techniques based on robots with “artificial intelligence” is also linked to an accelerating operational tempo and an increasing reliance on real-time intelligence gathering. Replacement of the Helios 2 space observation system with the CSO optical space component system, starting in 2019, will raise the question of how to process the data: this 1st new-generation satellite will provide access to one hundred times more information than the military satellites currently used by our armed forces. Under those conditions, computer-assisted data processing for analysts becomes a necessity to which “artificial intelligence” technology can contribute. Other areas that generate massive flows of data, such as listening or cyber warfare, require equivalent suitable responses

A recent report, “Observation drones and armed drones,” by French senators Cédric Perrin and Gilbert Roger, took a position favouring the arming of MALE (Medium Altitude/Long Endurance) drones of the French Army. Ten countries currently possess armed drones. In the near future, this number is sure to increase for the reasons given. The question then becomes whether France should cross that threshold. The use of drones provides for more reactive, opportune strikes that are better targeted and better controlled by remote crews.

From an industrial perspective, this report recommends setting up a French and European production chain for MALE drones. Europe missed its chance with the MALE drones, for which the U.S. and the Israelis have long been the only producers. The European MALE drone project, which brings together France, Germany, Italy and Spain, today comprises challenges of strategic autonomy that go beyond the mere question of the vector and concern the entire mission chain. From now on, we should also not miss out on the opportunities offered by certain tactical drone markets for our armed forces (special ops, protection measures for the national territory, protection of fleets and bases) and by the markets for teleguided land or naval systems, or even the market for massive data processing supported by “artificial intelligence”. The industrial and economic stakes are substantial, and France has strengths in all three sectors.

Drones and big data processing that serve to gain the upper hand in the information realm now appear to be a skills challenge for our armed forces. However, these capabilities developed by our adversaries also constitute a threat that our armed forces are facing today, as part of their engagements—including in the war on terrorism—and which they will likely face tomorrow, especially if they are engaged in conflicts with other major powers.

Lastly, France is ahead of the pack in the field of drones with its nEUROn prototype. The French and British FCAS initiative is a way to consolidate these gains and prepare for the future in this strategic sector of stealth combat drones.

At the same time, the matters of the human-machine interface and operational use of “artificial intelligence” to the benefit of the command and control centres and the combatants go much further than a mere issue of the impact, the firing, the persistence or the remote strike: where do we draw the line in the future? The challenges raised by the deployment of these capabilities in our armed forces are many: how to adapt organisations, the ethical and societal stakes, the technological challenges (big data processing, localisation in confined spaces, security of the chain of command), the strategic and tactical challenges in terms of manoeuvres and threat prediction, and lastly, the industrial challenges.

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WORKSHOP 5 MAINTENANCE OF OPERATIONAL CONDITION: ADJUSTING SUPPORT

CO-CHAIRED BY Daniel REINER, Senator for Meurthe-et-Moselle, Deputy Chairman of the French Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces André TRILLARD, Senator for Loire-Atlantique, Secretary of the French Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces Bruno-Nestor AZEROT, MP for Martinique, Secretary of the National Defence and Armed Forces Committee

LED BY Vincent LAMIGEON, Journalist for Challenges

For more than 20 years now, our armed forces have been relentlessly engaged on a number of fronts, under often extreme conditions. At the same time, they assume the on-going missions of deterrence, and homeland security - including air and maritime defence lines, as well as maintaining our sovereignty in the air and at sea. This long-term, unceasing commitment of our forces has resulted in premature wear and tear on our equipment and accelerated ageing of our fleets.

Far from being a purely technical problem, Maintaining Operational Readiness (MOR) must be our central focus in thinking about how to make operations sustainable. For several years, our armed forces have been engaged well beyond their operational contracts, underlying the problems of MOR. Given this fact, we obviously have the question of their ability to go the long haul, i.e. their ability to sustain the current level of commitment over time yet also provide for the renewal and training of our forces.

The extra investment made when the MPL was upgraded to the EPM (Scheduled Equipment Maintenance), is only an initial answer in this sense, following two, consecutive MPLs that made way for substantial reductions in activities and manpower, particularly in terms of support.

More generally, changes in the organisation of the public and private parties in charge of coordinating or implementing the MOR for our equipment have helped improve the situation, albeit to varying degrees depending on the type of equipment. Furthermore, the ageing of fleets kept active after a slow-down in the upgrading of certain capabilities has made maintenance management more complicated, increased its costs and lengthened its lead times. To give but one example, our air force tanker planes, acquired during General de Gaulle’s time, are now more than 50 years old. In addition, the increasing number of foreign operations has resulted in an over-use and over-consumption of our capacities. Lastly, personnel reductions over the last 10 years have mainly involved those on the support lines, and thus the personnel responsible for MOR.

The conditions of use of our equipment mean that it suffers major attrition and accelerated ageing. Our main resources in the near future will have to be devoted to refurbishment (i.e. renewal of technical capacity) of our equipment when it returns from the field. In point of fact, our armed forces “use up” their equipment to a greater extent than the current administration foresaw in terms of refurbishment and repairs, and well beyond what was expected for the model of our armed forces. Two examples: A VAB (APC - Armoured Personnel Carrier) covers 1,000 km per week in Mali, whereas it covered that same distance in a month in Afghanistan, and in one year at home. A Rafale fighter will clock 1,000 hours of flight in the Middle East, even though its annual operating capacity is 250. It thus undergoes wear and tear 4 times faster than normal. Under these conditions, our armed forces must, in reality, constantly deal with a double challenge: conducting their missions on an on-going basis and immediately adapting to political imperatives. In the naval sector, for example, maintaining our fleets in operational readiness must mean that they are available for duty in five separate areas, but as a consequence of the decisions made by the President after the terrorist attacks in 2015, our industries would have had to immediately provide the navy with an aircraft carrier, a nuclear attack submarine (SNA), a helicopter assault ship, three frigates and a certain number of escort craft.

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When maintenance plans are drawn up, greater thought must be given to the conditions of use of our equipment on the various types of terrain. In addition, our problems meeting operational needs have often led to trade-offs in favour of combat operations, to the detriment of the readiness of our forces. When there is a shortage of available equipment, our first priority is the engagement and not our readiness. This becomes a Faustian bargain on the future operability of our forces.

In addition to the challenge raised by the high rate of use of our equipment is the problem of its diversity. The equipment we use is highly diverse, both in type and in the age of our fleets. And this heterogeneity makes MOR inherently very complex because it has to accommodate frequently limited models and struggle to achieve economies of scale.

To meet these challenges, shouldn’t we view MOR from a primary perspective of operational need (activities, availability), and make those in charge responsible for meeting this need with cost-efficiency, rather than merely in terms of the technical challenges? Can the balance between operational maintenance and industrial maintenance, to benefit the operating capabilities of our armed forces, be based on in-service support contracts likely to lead to innovations, responsiveness and contractual flexibility, with a reoriented involvement of industry in supporting our fleets, both current and future? Do changes in the field of military support represent risks or opportunities for our small and medium-size companies and industrial equipment suppliers of the DTIB?

In a highly disruptive technological environment, we can also justifiably wonder about the effect that the new means of production in industry, such as 3D printing, big data and predictive maintenance, may have on MOR. These notions are still relatively new, but veritable avenues of change need to be explored, especially drawing on best practices, including those in use in civilian sectors. How can we best take advantage of these technological advances in the military sector to optimise maintenance work based on lessons learned, manage our fleets as close as possible to the need, or even increase the safety of our operations?

This workshop will restate the problem of MOR in global terms, looking for concrete operational and industrial solutions that also take into account the acceleration we are witnessing of innovation cycles. In our current context of operations and transformations brought about by new technology, MOR has to deal with two major challenges if we are to continue to provide our armed forces with greater availability.

Lastly, developing initiatives in a European context raises the matter of cooperation in the field of support. The objective to be adopted is thus to take advantage of economies of scale and pooling of spare parts, and achieve better inter-operability in our use and maintenance of equipment developed jointly or in shared training programmes. How can we come up with efficient support systems that maintain our capacity for action?

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WORKSHOPs Monday 4th September – Palais des Congrès Neptune

17:00 Sequence 2 - The return of the World Powers

WORKSHOP 6 Resurgence of the World Powers and control over territory: responding to the challenge of anti-access zones

CO-CHAIRED BY Bastien LACHAUD, MP for Seine-Saint-Denis Charles de la VERPILLIERE, MP for Ain, Deputy Chairman of the National Defence and Armed Forces Committee Robert DEL PICCHIA, Senator representing French nationals living abroad

LED BY Alain BARLUET, Journalist for Figaro

The issue of denied access (Anti-access/Area Denial or A2/AD) is not a new one. It is inherent to every form of warfare between states and, more broadly, to every type of conflict where the goal is to control an area. However, this notion takes on special pertinence at a time when re-emerging world powers—which many considered an obsolete threat less than ten years ago—are returning forcefully to the playing field.

The notion of A2/AD is a concept that the U.S. came up with in 2003. It initially concerned the three traditional spaces: air, sea and land. We now have to add cyber space. The definition of this concept covers two major aspects: while Anti-Ac- cess deals more with preventing U.S. armed forces from entering a given theatre of operations, Area Denial has more to do with restricting the freedom of movement of those forces in that area.

China’s goals and manoeuvres in the South China Sea, the main focus of U.S. concern for more than ten years now, are largely what gave rise to these concepts. Since the crisis in Ukraine and increasing tensions with Russia, this issue is now present in Europe. Thus, anti-access “bubbles” have appeared around Crimea and the enclave of Kaliningrad with the installation of high-performance and multiple-layer anti-aircraft defence systems. Russia’s involvement in the Sy- rian conflict has confirmed the topical relevance of that strategy. In fact, Russia has set up an anti-access “bubble” in the eastern Mediterranean, thus giving it control over part of Syrian air space and reducing the freedom of airborne operations of the anti-ISIS coalition.

This access denial phenomenon compromises our capacity for intervention and the military superiority of the allied forces, specifically their air forces, in the event of warfare. It also limits their freedom of action in peacetime in their own areas of responsibility, specifically making it harder to deploy reinforcements into Eastern Europe, a measure decided on at recent NATO summit meetings.

The threat this approach constitutes is heightened in several ways. First, due to the proliferation of anti-aircraft and anti-ship systems being purchased by regional powers such as Iran, Algeria and Egypt, and even by non-state actors such as Al-Shabaab in Somalia or Hezbollah in Lebanon. Hezbollah has thus shown it can use drones and anti-ship missiles, as was demonstrated during the 2006 war in Lebanon, and Al-Shabaab in Somalia now possesses portable SA-18 ground-to-air missiles. Iran, in turn, is counting heavily on anti-access strategies. This is also true of larger states who,

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confronted with western technological superiority, are deploying anti-access strategies to secure their lands. Subse- quently, this threat has increased with the continuing refinement of technology used in systems developed initially to compensate for a lag in technology. Lastly, we have the fact that this approach is increasingly shifting from a defensive to a more offensive stance, since it is used to cover operations intended to conquer lands or control certain areas by dissuading external powers from intervening.

In order to deal with this new “true-false” factor, we have to develop, in terms of capability, armed forces structures that combine penetration and first-in capabilities (range, collaborative combat, saturation, etc.) with protective capability (stealth, jamming, shielding, etc.).

In this context and faced with these challenges, how do the French Armed Forces perceive this threat? What operational, technological and political responses does it require and with what consequences in budgetary terms? These are the types of questions to be discussed in this workshop.

WORKSHOP 7 Modernising nuclear deterrence

CO-CHAIRED BY Jeanny LORGEOUX, Senator for Allier Xavier PINTAT, Senator for Gironde, Deputy Chairman of the French Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces Damien ABAD, MP for Ain Philippe CHALUMEAU, MP for Indre-et-Loire

LED BY Jean-Dominique MERCHET, Journalist for L’Opinion

“Deterrence” is the keystone of French defence policy, as is frequently confirmed by our President’s statements and decisions. Arising from General de Gaulle’s perspective as the ultimate means of guaranteeing France’s political autonomy, deterrence became an operational concept on 1 October 1964, when France’s first nuclear strike force was commissioned.

In France, the end of the Cold War meant there was a substantial reduction in the size of our nuclear arsenal which, at that time, numbered more than 500 warheads and is now around 300. At that same time, French nuclear deterrence cast off one of its three components, the land-based component.

With a deteriorating security situation on Europe’s doorstep, and at a time when the major world powers and many other states are again heavily investing in their armed forces, maintaining a deterrent force would seem to be the foundation of a credible defence. In this context, France must, in the next few years, continue to replace its nuclear weapons. The modernisation of French military nuclear capabilities is an on-going process that regularly requires decisions about investments and is based on a political consensus that supports its credibility. In fact, the balance and synergy achieved and maintained up to now between our nuclear strategy and all of the conventional warfare strategies enhance France’s credibility at a time when a degree of uncertainty is altering major strategic balances.

Renewal of our nuclear arsenal, the basis of credible deterrence, is an on-going process. It concerns the two components whose complementarity gives the President of France the most options possible in the context of a dissuasive dialogue with a potential adversary. It was started in the late 1990s, when it seemed necessary to renew certain equipment that had been placed in operation in the 1960s. This process has especially resulted in the arrival of the Rafale fighters to gradually replace our Mirage 2000N aircraft, and for our sea-going forces, the advent of Triomphant class SNLE-NG M51 missile carriers that, in 2016, completely replaced our M45 strategic missiles, as well as the placement in operation in 2010 of the ASMP-A cruise missile for our Air Force.

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On 3 July 2017, addressing Parliament, President Macron reiterated that “deterrence {is still} the keystone of our security”.

In terms of budgets, and the industrial and technological factors, modernising our nuclear deterrence means high stakes and challenges need to be met, as noted in the reports by parliamentarians Jean-Jacques Bridey and Jacques Lamblin, who wrote the report on industrial and technological challenges in the renewal of our nuclear deterrence capability, and those by senators Xavier Pintat and Jeanny Lorgeoux on the need to modernise that capability. It is also an opportunity for France to launch ambitious projects to support and increase our skills to the highest level worldwide, to set the highest possible standard to motivate all of our industries, and to thus further secure its ranking as a great nation for military industries and research.

Likewise, in terms of budgets, the deployment and renewal of these two elements of our nuclear deterrence will require additional investments by 2025. These resources will very directly determine the credibility of our deterrence forces and our ability to defend ourselves until 2080.

Modernisation of our nuclear deterrence capability also takes us beyond questions of sovereignty, to those such as freedom of access to the space linked to the strong duality between the M51 missile and the Ariane launch system, and involves technological and industrial challenges: mastering hypersonic flight, improving penetration systems and performance levels, and equipment procurement, as well as the availability of certain key electronic components so specialised that only a very few French suppliers have the know-how to produce them. Behind these contingencies, there is thus a core question of how to maintain our strategic capabilities. Recognised as the most sophisticated man-made industrial systems, our SNLE nuclear-armed ballistic missile submarines and their combat aircraft require so-called critical technological skills and know-how that take a long time to acquire, are quickly lost, and are nearly impossible to recover. We should note that France is a member of the very exclusive group of countries able to produce both of these weapons systems that underpin nuclear deterrence. The absolutely prohibitive cost of re-acquiring this technology shows that, in reality, major decisions on French deterrence capability are not reversible.

To what extent can this balance be optimised given the new international context and new types of conflicts? What do these resources add to the security of our country when the primary threat seems to be terrorism? How can the complementarity between the sea-going component and the airborne component of deterrence contribute to its overall credibility? What are the industrial and technological skills required to maintain an autonomous nuclear deterrence capability? Where are the links and the valorisations from the point of view of innovation, training and responsiveness? For our armed forces, mastering this complexity imposes de facto a very high standard in terms of preparing our forces, of immediate availability, and of a sustainable capacity. For industry, it constitutes a growth incentive and a technology driver not only for innovation in the defence sector, but also for all of French industry. In fact, government investments in the renewal of our nuclear deterrence capability help raise the level of all business operations, including in the civilian nuclear sector, and furthermore, our DTIB in terms of methods and research.

WORKSHOP 8 Cyber warfare and digital transformation: it’s the same battle!

CO-CHAIRED BY Thomas GASSILLOUD, MP for Rhône Jean-Marie BOCKEL, Senator for Haut-Rhin, Former government Minister Jean-Pierre MASSERET, Senator for Moselle, Former government Minister

LED BY Hassan MEDDAH, Journalist for L’Usine nouvelle

Taking a leaf from the U.S. Cyber Command, France has just set up an inter-agency command for cyber warfare. Answe- ring directly to the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, it now covers all of our postures: the protection of weapons systems, defence of the ministry, with the defensive cyber warfare analysis centre, and offensive operations. This will mean 2,600 “cyber warriors” in 2019, to which we will add 600 experts from the DGA [French Directorate for Armament] and 4,400 cyber defence reservists. This proves that the digital realm has become a combat environment that cuts

26 www.universite-defense.org Sequence 2 - WORKSHOPs

across the various physical realms, for both defence and offence. It is thus not a question of creating a 4th, “cyber” army that would have engulfed all the resources assigned to this new environment, but of “irrigating” all of our forces from a specialised core unit.

In his address on 12 December 2016 in Bruz, Jean-Yves Le Drian stressed that, “The emergence of a new realm, a cyber battleground, must make us thoroughly rethink how we approach the art of war.” Developing these capacities must therefore be part of a larger plan for digital transformation of our armed forces in order to achieve informational superiority. This does not just mean “digitalising” our forces, i.e. including digital systems in our current capacities, but rather thoroughly transforming how they are organised and operate. The core element of this digital transformation, where we are still taking baby steps, is the “data” derived from putting the carriers and handlers online. Thanks to advances in artificial intelligence and the advent of “systems of systems”, processing and enhancing that data will promote better distribution and exchanges of useful information, and will provide users with a shared view of the battlefield, thus enabling them to mutually improve their operational performance.

Our development of cyber warfare capabilities and digital transformation of our defence forces are thus the two facets of a single rupture that will engender a number of challenges:

First of all, a strategic challenge. Even as digital transformation constitutes an opportunity, it also engenders many risks due, in part, to an expanded area of vulnerability and an increased dependence on digital systems, and in part to the growing intensity and sophistication of the threats, and their asymmetric nature. In these circumstances, it becomes essential that we constantly assess digital threats, whether they involve attacks “by”, “for” or “against” the cyber realm, and anticipate changes in them so we can improve our ability to detect and respond to them. Whereas WannaCry revealed the systemic potential of such attacks and the risks of proliferation of cyber weapons, what will we be facing tomorrow? What role should the armed forces play in case of a major attack aimed at operators of vital infrastructure in our national territory? What sort of international cooperation is possible and required? Can we set up alliances in this realm that is particularly propitious for low-level, illicit encounters?

Also, a capacity and industrial challenge. What are the major structural plans in terms of digital transformation? Ar- tificial intelligence, connected objects, robotics, cyber security, the integration of complex systems, etc.: what are the key technologies and skills we need to master to make this digital transformation a success? How do we reconcile the cycle of armament purchase/upgrade programmes and the speed of innovation in the digital realm? Whereas digital transformation mainly concerns the private sector, how can we promote the development of dual-purpose technology? Since digital innovation is largely driven by start-ups and small businesses, how can we federate and develop this critical ecosystem for our strategic autonomy? How should we revise and loosen our procurement procedures to deal with these new needs?

Next, a human challenge. The development of operational capacities and implementation of the digital transformation assume we can recruit specialised personnel and train our existing personnel. In order to take advantage of the dual nature of most of the skills and technology related to digital transformation, how can we encourage, or even ini- tiate, regular discussions with the private sector? What are the HR categories that need to be created? What training and preparatory resources do we need to come up with? On the ethical and legal levels, how do we take into account changes in the relationship between man and machine, and the resulting liability problems? How do we control the risk of dehumanisation and distancing that digital devices may engender?

Lastly, an organisational challenge. With the soaring development in civilian (5G, 6G, etc.) and military communications technology (Contact software radio programme), and the growing number of connected devices and constant connectivity, the battle becomes collaborative. However, traditional structures do not allow us to fully benefit from the accelerated decision-making processes made possible by the digital revolution. How should we adapt our organisations to this new factor? On an operational level, how do we articulate the tactical, operative and strategic echelons for cyber warfare, given the eminently strategic consequences that cyber weapons may have? How can we make the best use of the reserves that have been set up?

27 www.universite-defense.org WORKSHOPs - Sequence 2

WORKSHOP 9 France in the Pacific

CO-CHAIRED BY Christian CAMBON, Senator for Val-de-Marne, Chairman of the French Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces Marie-Françoise PEROL-DUMONT, Senator for Haute-Vienne Patricia MIRALLES, MP for Herault

LED BY Nathalie GUIBERT,Journalist for Le Monde

From an economic and demographic perspective, the Asia-Pacific region is one of the fastest-growing areas in the world. On and within its rim are the largest current world powers and those of tomorrow. Because of trafficking, the existence of many unresolved territorial disputes, and the arms race taking place there, Asia and the Pacific seem to be a region of potential conflicts: worries and uncertainties about China’s future position in its natural environment, the persistence of an intense rivalry with Japan, and nuclear proliferation with North Korea.

Given this context, on 24 April 2016, Australia turned to France to upgrade its submarine fleet. This means a close strategic relationship and follow-up for a good 50 years. Should we be surprised? In addition to the credibility of its industrial offerings, France belongs to this Indo-Pacific “new world”, an economic nucleus of the 21st century, a realm of prosperity amidst world rivalries, and one marked by China’s emergence. France is the only European country with a permanent presence there, through New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, Clipperton and French Polynesia, as well as through its regular naval deployments (top-ranked ships, helicopter assault ships, FREMM and FLF).

Most of all, since the end of France’s nuclear testing programme in French Polynesia, our relationship with countries such as Australia and New Zealand has improved considerably. France’s presence is now well received and even sought after.

In this highly dynamic area of the world, the demand for France is indeed quite real since our country is seen by many States as a basis for stability and security in the region. However, in the Pacific area, the French Navy’s resources are limited and “capacity gaps” will appear in the next few years. Palliative solutions (satellites, in particular) have been developed to maintain our autonomy in assessing the situation. Nevertheless, these capacitary adjuvants, while they constitute a welcome addition in the context of surveillance and anticipation, cannot in and of themselves replace an indispensable presence of top-level naval resources. To be effective, surveillance definitely requires means of action. This is critical to France’s credibility and its ability to safeguard its sovereignty in this region and exploit or protect its resources.

Although this region is home to 40% of the world’s population and the perspectives for economic growth are diz- zying, the Asia-Pacific region constitutes a real geopolitical challenge. In this part of the world, sustained inter-state rivalries, sometimes inherited from the Cold War, contribute to an arms race that increases the risk of conflicts and of access denial, and which France is combating in order to enforce international law.

This workshop will examine France’s economic and strategic challenges in the Pacific and ways to defend our country’s interests there. It will attempt to draw up a roadmap to further enhance our strategic partnership with Aus- tralia and affirm our desire to become an A-team player in the Indo-Pacific area, the centre of a “new world”.

28 www.universite-defense.org Sequence 2 - WORKSHOPs

WORKSHOP 10 France’s Security and Defence Technological and Industrial Base (BITDS): the challenge to maintain skills and strategic autonomy

CO-CHAIRED BY Guillaume GOUFFIER-CHA, MP for Val-de-Marne Cédric PERRIN, Senator for Territoire de Belfort, Deputy Chairman of the French Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces Daniel REINER, Senator for Meurthe-et-Moselle, Deputy Chairman of the French Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces

LED BY Michel CABIROL, Journalist for La Tribune

The matter of the future of our BITDS (Security and Defence Technological and Industrial Base), and of its means of integration and interaction with its European peers, is of key importance on many levels: first, the credibility of our armed forces depends in part in the vitality of our BITDS; second, our industrial base constitutes part of our worldwide influence and of our diplomatic and security presence internationally. Lastly, having a strong and innovative BITDS is the foundation of a truly dynamic domestic economy.

Along with acute strategic planning and our armed forces, our defence and security industries constitute an essential part of France’s strategic autonomy. They allow us to cover all the sectors contributing to the development of an autonomous defence force that is powerful, credible and coherent. In a world where dependency comes at a high price in terms of credibility, our BITDS is an indispensable advantage to ensure consistency between the definition of our national interests and the resource strategy that is meant to incarnate and sustain them.

With the underlying question of how to maintain our capabilities, our BITDS is closely linked to the credibility of deterrence: in fact, unless we can manage the procurement of critical equipment, unless we can maintain our very special know-how, and unless we have proprietary control of certain areas of cutting-edge technology, there is no more deterrence, because dependency wins out over autonomy.

Based on advanced technology and a constant investment in R&D, our BITDS also constitutes an essential part of France’s industrial fabric, with a major impact in terms of business activity, exports and jobs (165,000 direct and indirect jobs).

In the field of diplomacy, exporting weapons systems provides an opportunity for strategic partnerships with our allies, and is thus one of France’s means of influence internationally, and a way to bring its weight to bear in stabilising certain regions of the world. Such exports can also facilitate discussions with competing states and partners such as Russia, China and the U.S.

The future of our BITDS thus becomes a matter of great importance, as worldwide competition in defence markets continues to increase. Which European partnerships need to be set up while preserving France’s strategic autonomy in design and production in certain key areas? How can we improve the competitiveness of our defence industry? How can we ensure on-going support for exports by public authorities and the French Armed Forces based on recent successes of some of our equipment, such as the Rafale or our submarines? Basically, and regardless of the external gains expected from better European cooperation, maintaining a strong BITDS requires dependable and sustained government demand, support for research, and above all, support for exports, which now means maintaining our capabilities. How can we, at the national level and doubtless beyond that, at the European level, draw inspiration from, for example, the U.S. Third Offset Strategy, to boost our BITDS?

29 www.universite-defense.org PRESENTATION

In fact, the future of our BITDS must take into account the process of building the European Union. In political terms, this means reconciling European cooperation with France’s strategic autonomy, specifically in certain key technological domains where abandonment would lead to a long and costly rebuilding of our capabilities and, above all, would compromise France’s strategic posture, one component of which is our autonomy, inextricably linked to our nuclear deterrence. In industrial terms, this means ensuring growth and sustainability for our companies by preparing for the future with the launching of new programmes that will enable them to keep up with international competition that is ever more aggressive.

Official Dinner of the Summer Defence Conference Palais du Commerce et de la Mer de la CCI du Var

At the centre of one of the most beautiful bays in Europe, the Var region’s Chamber of Commerce and Industry’s Palais du Commerce et de la Mer is an extraordinary venue, equipped with large, configurable rooms, right at the water’s edge...in the port of Toulon. Set between hills and sea, close to the city centre and with easy access to motorways, 20 minutes by car from the Toulon-Hyeres international airport and five minutes from the TGV station, the Palais du Commerce et de la Mer is ideally located. The official dinner of the Summer Defence Conference will be held there on 4th September, at 8:00 p.m.

30 www.universite-defense.org 2017 Programme

PROGRAMME

TUESDAY, 5TH SEPTEMBER 07:00 •• Buses departure from the hotels 07:45 •• Boarding of the Mistral amphibious assault ship (BPC) - Toulon Naval Base 08:30 •• Map projection by Alexis BAUTZMANN, President of Areion Group Breakfast debate: “France, the European Union and the Defence of Europe” With the participation of Florence PARLY, Minister of the Armed Forces 10:15 •• Plenary session: “What Military Programming Law for France? The budgetary challenge” 11:45 •• Closing speeches: Hervé Guillou, Naval Group CEO, President of the CIDEF

Christian CAMBON, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces

Jean-Jacques BRIDEY, Chairman of the French Parliament’s Committee on National Defence and the Armed Forces

Florence PARLY, Minister of the Armed Forces 12:30 •• Official lunch - BPC at dock 14:30 •• Departure from the Naval Base for Post-Conference visits 15:00 •• Post-Conference visites visits (Naval base, Naval Group, CNIM) 17:00 •• Buses departure to Gare de Toulon 18:23 •• Departure of the Special TGV to Paris Gare de Lyon (TGV #27346) 22:27 •• Arrival at Paris Gare de Lyon

31 www.universite-defense.org BREAKFAST DEBATE

BREAKFAST DEBATE

France, the European Union and the Defence of Europe

08:30 TUESDAY 5TH SEPTEMBER - BPC

MAP PROJECTION BY Alexis BAUTZMANN, President of Areion Group

WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF Florence PARLY, Minister of the Armed Forces

LED BY General (2s) Jean-Paul PALOMEROS, CEIS Associate expert, Former NATO SACT

The need for stability in neighbouring countries is greater than ever, EU adversaries are using increasingly coercive, modern and hi-tech strategies, and its allies are counting on better “burden sharing” in terms of defence strategy… shouldn’t Europe ramp up its defence in light of all this? Is the pooling of the EU’s means and resources truly realistic when its members still cannot come to an agreement on threat analyses and are not even close to unanimity on the political objectives for defence operations? Should we, instead, count on the reinforcement of coherent national capacities to be used for more advanced coordination? What is the role of Europe’s defence alongside the Atlantic Alliance? How can we best coordinate the “single” European defence while respecting European “defences”, that is, each country’s autonomy of judgement and action? Couldn’t we overcome the contradiction between political divergences and capacity pooling by using these combined resources for support functions—less polarising—while leaving the more sovereign functions—such as high intensity combat—up to permanent and reinforced cooperation between “capable and volun- tary” countries? What long-term strategic relations should the EU envisage with the United Kingdom, the other “major power” in European defence?

This breakfast debate will explore the solutions available for European coordination in terms of defence. This debate comes at a time when consensus now seems to have been reached on the need for a ramp-up in military resource power and when a peace-promoting European defence has been succeeded by a European defence strategy being rolled out as far as the Sahel.

32 www.universite-defense.org PLENARY SESSION

PLENARY SESSION

What Military Programming Law for France? The budgetary challenge

10:15 TUESDAY 5TH SEPTEMBER – BPC

IN THE PRESENCE OF Jean-Jacques BRIDEY, Chairman of the French Parliament’s Committee on National Defence and the Armed Forces

Christian CAMBON, Chairman of the French Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces

General François LECOINTRE, Chief of the Defence Staff

Hervé GUILLOU, Naval Group CEO

DGA - To be confirmed

LED BY Olivier ZAJEC, CEIS Associate expert, Université Lyon III

This plenary session will focus on the Military Programming Law (LPM), exploring the impact of the current strategy crisis on resources, at a time when a ramp up European defences seems essential in light of the rising threats, the consequences of Brexit, and the policies of the new U.S. administration.

Should the current LPM be revised? As it is, the LPM provides financial transparency and constitutes an engaging and constructive policy that serves as a benchmark, having been accepted by all stakeholders and allowing for action to be implemented in a realistic timeframe. The LPM is an important tool which enables financiers, manufacturers and insti- tutions to organise. Nevertheless, respect for the law appears paramount, as does the sincerity of its exercise.

Should we look beyond the usual White Paper LPM link and start to “change our thinking” by viewing the current challenges as an opportunity to optimise and reorganise in the context of a real power resurgence? What measures should be taken to ease the current challenges facing the French defence apparatus, in terms of both human and material resources, in order to uphold our credibility in a world which is increasingly dangerous and rearmed? What is the relationship between resources and the objectives they fuel for the future, for France and its allies, in order to protect territories and populations and defend interests? This debate will explore the topic of defence from all perspectives-political, operational, and industrial.

33 www.universite-defense.org POST-CONFERENCE VISIT N°1

POST-CONFERENCE VISIT N°1 TOULON NAVAL BASE French Navy Vessel Tours

At the end of the conference, 250 of you are invited to tour French navy vessels at the Toulon Naval base. This facility is one of our primary armed forces bases and involves 28,000 people. The largest industrial site in the Var region, it is also the largest employer. This naval base is home to 70% of the tonnage of the French fleet and constitutes an inter-forces unit directed toward maritime operations: shows of strength and positioning of forces using amphibious and air-sea groups, surveillance (combating drug trafficking, etc.), protecting our borders from all types of threats, and public services at sea (rescue, pollution prevention, etc.).

These tours will give you an opportunity to assess the capacities and complementarity of this equipment, how technology has evolved in the naval field in the last 40 years, and the vast scope of work required to upgrade an aircraft carrier. Lastly, to illustrate technological progress in naval operations, the ECA company will give a demonstration of surface and underwater drones.

Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier

The air-sea group built around this aircraft carrier gives France a top-level political and strategic resource. Combining autonomy of action, flexibility of use, power, mobility and endurance, this aircraft carrier is a priority means of projecting power. It can travel 1,000 km per day and spend long periods at sea due to its nuclear propulsion system. The Charles de Gaulle can carry 40 aircraft from the airborne carrier group. It is currently undergoing a mid-life overhaul to ensure it will be fully operational for the next 20 years.

Mistral amphibious assault ship

A means of coordination and rapid deployment of forces, these ships can marshal a full airborne operations force comprised of combat helicopters. Their amphibious capability, based on quick landing devices and their large carrier capacity, allows them to transport military troops from sea to land, as well as to conduct humanitarian assistance operations (citizen evacuations, natural disaster rescue).

Chevalier Paul ADF

Air defence frigates are an essential component for escorting an air-sea or amphibious group. They assist with inter-forces aerial defence in exterior theatres of operation or at maritime approaches to the homeland. Their detection and weapons systems make them fearsome fighting units.

34 www.universite-defense.org N°1 POST-CONFERENCE VISIT

Languedoc MMFRE

The multi-mission frigates, ships with various capabilities, offer greater operating capacities. They have the latest technology, most notably naval cruise missiles, a decisive strategic weapon capable of striking in the depths. Optimised for anti-submarine warfare, MMFRE’s can perform in every type of situation against land and sea-based targets. Combining endurance, autonomy, and high levels of auto- mation, they constitute, along with their Caïman navy helicopters, a linchpin for the navy of the future.

Jean de Vienne ASF

Developed in the 1970s, anti-submarine frigates are mainly designed to protect our strategic ocean-going force (FOST) and naval air and amphibious groups from the threat of submarines. They have towed sonar systems and specialised Lynx helicopters, and are equipped with powerful anti-ship and anti-aircraft capabilities. They are gradually being replaced by the MMFRE’s.

Var CSS

In heavy demand and of a former generation, the role of command and supply ships is basically to provide logistical support at sea for the warships deployed: supplies of fuel (diesel, reactor fuel), water, food, munitions, medicines and spare parts. CSS ships can re-supply 2-3 vessels at the same time.

Courbet LFF

La Fayette class frigates preserve and enforce our national interests in maritime areas. Stealth vessels, the provide support for assault forces, and protect mer- chant marine traffic, special operations or humanitarian missions. LFF’s are at the front lines in carrying out missions at sea that form part of the sea-based defences of our territory.

Rubis-class SMC

Impressive submarine chasers, these nuclear attack submarines are key to the security and support of our ocean-going fleet, as well as to protecting a naval air force at sea. Capable of quickly reaching distance theatres of operation, they can discreetly gather intelligence, deploy special forces and make use of their weaponry: torpedoes and anti-ship missiles.

35 www.universite-defense.org POST-CONFERENCE VISIT N°2

POST-CONFERENCE VISIT N°2 Naval Group, Toulon - Ollioules site The first European real-time software workshop

At Toulon-Ollioules, Naval Group designs the brains for ships

In Ollioules, at the core of the Technopôle de la Mer [Maritime Technology Centre], 1,500 Naval

Group engineers develop naval systems, the brains of the combat ships of France and its allies.

Although the image of a frigate or a submarine that springs most readily to mind is an imposing

hull bounding through the waves, Naval Group’s expertise is in both the architecture for that me-

tal structure with a futuristic design, and designing its mission system and its “intelligence”.

Fighting ships are, in fact, among the most complex objects in the world. Capable not only of crui-

sing fast and far, they can also invisibly incorporate a great number of software packages and

digital data. A frigate will thus have nearly 25 million lines of real-time code, compared to only

just over a million in a connected car!

Dive into this world of high technology in Ollioules by learning how Naval Group protects the di-

gital brains of ships from cyber-attacks. How can we keep pirates from remotely commandeering

a ship, turning it off course, or using its arms for devious purposes? What must our strategy be

to protect a ship in real-time and over time? You will discover all of this during a demonstration.

You will visit the ultra-modern command post of fighting ships: at this nerve centre, all the in-

formation captured by ships’ eyes and ears - their radar and sonar, for example - is centralised,

analysed and displayed to the sailors on easy-to-use, touch screens. That is where the mecha-

nisms underlying operations are hidden, and they contain the latest cutting-edge technology so

that, in the heat of battle, the officers can focus on the critical items and make the best decisions.

36 www.universite-defense.org N°2 POST-CONFERENCE VISIT

You will also see how Naval Group is designing the fighting ship of the future with the BELH RRA® frigate. This ship, the first of the digital era, will be able to deal with new threats, such as cyber-attacks or laser weapons. It will deploy underwater, aerial and surface drones that will extend its operating radius.

Its data centre will be able to adapt to rapid changes in the digital technology used on board and will serve to pre- dict repairs to be done before failures ever occur, thus making the ship even more available to accomplish its missions.

Lastly, you will discover how Naval Group assists sailors over the entire life cycle of their ships by mastering the short-lived technology cycles, the long maintenance times, and constant upgrading. We make the most of digital technology to increase fleet durability and ensure on-going technological superiority. That is the keystone of our activities to upgrade the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier, currently under way at the Toulon navy base.

Drawing on this “Made in France” base of expertise, Naval Group enables its clients, foremost among whom are the DGA (French General Directorate for Armament) and the French Navy to reliably deal with risks and threats, 24/7, on every sea, and to be part of the highly-restricted club of the best navies in the world.

Welcome to Ollioules, where we dream up the ships of the future!

37 www.universite-defense.org POST-CONFERENCE VISIT N°3

POST-CONFERENCE VISIT N°3 CNIM Visit to the industrial site and demonstration of the Motorised Floating Bridge (MFB)

A major employer in the Var region, with more than 700 personnel, CNIM has, since 1856, maintained to top-grade industrial site with access to the sea, located at La Seyne-sur-Mer in the bay of Tou- lon. Throughout the course of the workshops, we learn about its products and innovative systems for the defence, space, nuclear and environmental sectors. In its engineering sections, engineers are drawing up designs for the future, such as amphibious connec- tors, or the Windkeeper, a ship that will provide maintenance on maritime windmills.

You will go to Brégaillon, CNIM’s main site, by bus or on a boat crossing the bay (depending on weather and security). You will start off with a presentation of the Motorised Floating Bridge (MFB). The multi-purpose invention serves to cross bodies of water (rivers and streams, etc.) and can support MLC 80 class heavy military vehicles according to the standards of the STANA G 2012). An MFB is quick and easy to install from any banks up to 1.80 m in height. Only 33 people are required to deploy a 100-metre bridge without support

ships. These bridges can also be configured for use as ferries, and each unit can operate inde- pendently with 360° manoeuvrability.

CNIM’s MFB is currently being used by the armed forces of several countries, including France, Swit- zerland, Italy and Malaysia. An enhanced version was presented at Eurosatory in 2016. It can also be used for rescue operations after natural disasters, as in the case of a stationary bridge swept away by flood waters.

You will then move on to learn about our achievements and visit our workshops. This is where we have developed our advanced know-how in the areas of: mechanics, nuclear safety, composites, polymers, machining over-size and high-precision parts, and electron-beam welding, all for modern, multi-purpose products designed for industries of the future.

38 www.universite-defense.org N°3 POST-CONFERENCE VISIT

39 www.universite-defense.org NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

Composition of the National Defence and Armed Forces Committee

Chairman M. Jean-Philippe Ardouin La République en Marche, Charente-Maritime 3e M. Jean-Jacques Bridey La République en Marche, Val-de-Marne 7e M. Florian Bachelier La République en Marche, Ille-et-Vilaine 8e

Deputy Chairwoman and Chairmen M. Didier Baichère La République en Marche, Yvelines 1re Mme. Françoise Dumas La République en Marche, Gard 1re M. Xavier Batut La République en Marche, Seine-Maritime 10e M. Jean-Michel Jacques M. Thibault Bazin La République en Marche, Morbihan 6e Les Républicains, Meurthe-et-Moselle 4e M. Joaquim Pueyo M. Olivier Becht Nouvelle Gauche, Orne 1re Les Constructifs : républicains, UDI, indépendants, Haut- M. Charles de la Verpillière Rhin 5e Les Républicains, Ain 2e M. Christophe Blanchet La République en Marche, Calvados 4e

Secretaries Mme. Aude Bono-Vandorme M. Bruno Nestor Azerot La République en Marche, Aisne 1re Gauche démocrate et républicaine, Martinique 2e M. Ian Boucard Les Républicains, Territoire de Belfort 1re M. Jean-Pierre Cubertafon Mouvement Démocrate et apparentés, Dordogne 3e Mme. Anne-France Brunet La République en Marche, Loire-Atlantique 3e Mme. Marianne Dubois Les Républicains, Loiret 5e Mme. Carole Bureau-Bonnard La République en Marche, Oise 6e Mme. Natalia Pouzyreff M. Luc Carvounas La République en Marche, Yvelines 6e Nouvelle Gauche, Val-de-Marne 9e

M. Philippe Chalumeau Members La République en Marche, Indre-et-Loire 1re M. Damien Abad M. André Chassaigne Les Républicains, Ain 5e Gauche démocrate et républicaine, Puy-de-Dôme 5e M. Louis Aliot M. Alexis Corbière Non inscrit, Pyrénées-Orientales 2e La France insoumise, Seine-Saint-Denis 7e

M. François André M. Stéphane Demilly La République en Marche, Ille-et-Vilaine 3e Les Constructifs : républicains, UDI, indépendants, Somme 5e M. Pieyre-Alexandre Anglade La République en Marche, Français établis hors de M. Jean-François Eliaou France 4e La République en Marche, Hérault 4e

40 www.universite-defense.org NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

M. Olivier Faure Mme. Frédérique Lardet Nouvelle Gauche, Seine-et-Marne 11e La République en Marche, Haute-Savoie 2e

M. Yannick Favennec Becot M. Jean-Charles Larsonneur Les Constructifs : républicains, UDI, indépendants, La République en Marche, Finistère 2e Mayenne 3e M. Didier Le Gac M. Richard Ferrand La République en Marche, Finistère 6e La République en Marche, Finistère 3e

M. Jean-Jacques Ferrara M. Christophe Lejeune Les Républicains, Corse-du-Sud 1re La République en Marche, Haute-Saône 2e

M. Marc Fesneau M. Jacques Marilossian Mouvement Démocrate et apparentés, Loir-et-Cher 1re La République en Marche, Hauts-de-Seine 7e M. Jean-Marie Fiévet M. Franck Marlin La République en Marche, Deux-Sèvres 3e Les Républicains, Essonne 2e M. Philippe Folliot La République en Marche, Tarn 1re Mme. Sereine Mauborgne

M. Laurent Furst La République en Marche, Var 4e Les Républicains, Bas-Rhin 6e M. Philippe Michel-Kleisbauer M. Claude de Ganay Mouvement Démocrate et apparentés, Var 5e Les Républicains, Loiret 3e Mme. Patricia Mirallès M. Thomas Gassilloud La République en Marche, Hérault 1re La République en Marche, Rhône 10e Mme. Cécile Muschotti Mme Séverine Gipson La République en Marche, Var 2e Députée de l’Eure

M. Guillaume Gouffier-Cha Mme. Josy Poueyto La République en Marche, Val-de-Marne 6e Mouvement Démocrate et apparentés, Pyrénées-Atlan-

M. Fabien Gouttefarde tiques 1re La République en Marche, Eure 2e M. Gwendal Rouillard Mme. Émilie Guerel La République en Marche, Morbihan 5e La République en Marche, Var 7e Mme. Sabine Thillaye M. Christian Jacob La République en Marche, Indre-et-Loire 5e Les Républicains, Seine-et-Marne 4e Mme. Laurence Trastour-Isnart M. Loïc Kervran La République en Marche, Cher 3e Les Républicains, Alpes-Maritimes 6e

Mme. Anissa Khedher Mme. Nicole Trisse La République en Marche, Rhône 7e La République en Marche, Moselle 5e

M. Bastien Lachaud M. Stéphane Trompille La France insoumise, Seine-Saint-Denis 6e La République en Marche, Ain 4e M. Jean-Christophe Lagarde Mme. Alexandra Valetta Ardisson Les Constructifs : républicains, UDI, indépendants, Seine-Saint-Denis 5e La République en Marche, Alpes-Maritimes 4e

M. Fabien Laine M. Patrice Verchère Député des Landes Les Républicains, Rhône 8e

41 www.universite-defense.org SENATE

FRENCH SENATE

Composition of the Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces Committee

Chairman Mme. Hélène Conway-Mouret Groupe socialiste et républicain, Français établis hors de M. Christian Cambon France Les Républicains, Val-de-Marne (Ile-de-France) Mme. Joëlle Garriaud-Maylam Deputy Chairwomen and Chairmen Les Républicains, Français établis hors de France M. Cédric Perrin M. Joël Guerriau Les Républicains, Territoire de Belfort Union des Démocrates et Indépendants – UC, Loire-At- lantique (Pays de la Loire) M. Daniel Reiner Groupe socialiste et républicain, Meurthe-et-Moselle M. Alain Néri (Grand Est) Groupe socialiste et républicain, Puy-de-Dôme (Au- vergne-Rhône-Alpes) M. Xavier Pintat Les Républicains, Gironde (Nouvelle Aquitaine) Members Mme. Nathalie Goulet Union des Démocrates et Indépendants – UC, Orne M. Pascal Allizard (Normandie) Les Républicains, Calvados (Normandie)

Mme. Josette Durrieu M. Michel Billout Groupe socialiste et républicain, Hautes-Pyrénées (Oc- Groupe communiste, républicain et citoyen, Seine-et- citanie) Marne (Ile-de-France)

Mme. Michelle Demessine M. Jean-Marie Bockel Groupe communiste, républicain et citoyen, Nord Union des Démocrates et Indépendants – UC, Haut-Rhin (Hauts-de-France) (Grand Est)

M. Alain Gournac M. Michel Boutant Les Républicains, Yvelines (Ile-de-France) Groupe socialiste et républicain, Charente (Nouvelle Aquitaine) M. Gilbert Roger Groupe socialiste et républicain, Seine-Saint-Denis (Ile- M. Jean-Pierre Cantegrit de-France) Les Républicains, Français établis hors de France

M. Robert Hue M. Bernard Cazeau Rassemblement Démocratique et Social européen, Val- La République en Marche, Dordogne (Nouvelle Aqui- d’Oise (Ile-de-France) taine)

Mme. Leila Aïchi M. Pierre Charon Union des Démocrates et Indépendants – UC, Paris (Ile- Les Républicains, Paris (Ile-de-France) de-France) M. Robert del Picchia Les Républicains, Français établis hors de France

Secretaries M. Jean-Paul Émorine M. André Trillard Les Républicains, Saône-et-Loire (Bour- Les Républicains, Loire-Atlantique (Pays de la Loire) gogne-Franche-Comté)

42 www.universite-defense.org SENATE

M. Philippe Esnol M. Jeanny Lorgeoux Rassemblement Démocratique et Social européen, Yve- Groupe socialiste et républicain, Loir-et-Cher (Centre- lines (Ile-de-France) Val de Loire) M. Hubert Falco M. Claude Malhuret Les Républicains, Var (Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur) Les Républicains, Allier (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) M. Bernard Fournier Les Républicains, Loire (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) M. Jean-Pierre Masseret La République en Marche, Moselle (Grand Est) M. Jean-Paul Fournier Les Républicains, Gard (Occitanie) M. Rachel Mazuir M. Jacques Gillot Groupe socialiste et républicain, Ain (Auvergne-Rhô- La République en Marche, Guadeloupe (Guadeloupe) ne-Alpes) M. Gaëtan Gorce M. Christian Namy Groupe socialiste et républicain, Nièvre (Bour- Union des Démocrates et Indépendants – UC, Meuse gogne-Franche-Comté) (Grand Est) Mme. Sylvie Goy-Chavent Union des Démocrates et Indépendants – UC, Ain (Au- M. Philippe Paul vergne-Rhône-Alpes) Les Républicains, Finistère (Bretagne)

M. Jean-Pierre Grand Mme. Marie-Françoise Perol-Dumont Les Républicains, Hérault (Occitanie) Groupe socialiste et républicain, Haute-Vienne (Nouvelle M. Jean-Noël Guérini Aquitaine) Rassemblement Démocratique et Social européen, Bouches-du-Rhône (Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur) M. Cédric Perrin Les Républicains, Territoire de Belfort (Bour- M. Claude Haut La République en Marche, Vaucluse (Provence-Alpes- gogne-Franche-Comté) Côte d’Azur) M. Jean-Vincent Placé Mme. Gisèle Jourda Groupe socialiste et républicain, Essonne (Ile-de-France) Groupe socialiste et républicain, Aude (Occitanie) M. Yves Pozzo di Borgo M. Alain Joyandet Union des Démocrates et Indépendants – UC, Paris (Ile- Les Républicains, Haute-Saône (Bour- de-France) gogne-Franche-Comté)

Mme. Christiane Kammermann M. Henri de Raincourt Les Républicains, Français établis hors de France Les Républicains, Yonne (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté)

M. Antoine Karam M. Alex Türk La République en Marche, Guyane (Guyane) Nord (Hauts-de-France) Mme. Bariza Khiari M. Raymond Vall La République en Marche, Paris (Ile-de-France) Rassemblement Démocratique et Social européen, Gers M. Robert Laufoaulu (Occitanie) Les Républicains, Iles Wallis et Futuna (Iles Wallis et Futuna) M. André Vallini

M. Jacques Legendre Groupe socialiste et républicain, Isère (Auvergne-Rhô- Les Républicains, Nord (Hauts-de-France) ne-Alpes)

43 www.universite-defense.org PRACTICAL INFORMATION

PRACTICAL INFORMATION

Badges All participants must wear a clearly visible name badge at all times during the Summer Defence Conference. Each badge is personal: it indicates your last and first names, your entity and job title, and shows your identity photograph. It contains various information on the back, designed to make your participation easier:

The name of your hotel;

The workshops to which you will attend for both sequences (1 workshop at 14:00 and 1 workshop at 17:00)

The name of your Post-Conference visit, where appropriate.

All members of staff will be easily recognisable. Their badges will be marked “ORGANISATEUR” (i.e. “organiser”) against a red background; the organisers will also wear a CEIS orange lanyard.

When getting onto the buses departing from the hotels on both mornings of Monday 4th and Tuesday 5th September, your identity (i.e. your personal badge and a valid piece of ID) will be checked by a military woman or man, accompa- nied by a member of staff (CEIS).

During the Summer Defence Conference, the organisation will send you text message reminders at several times. You will receive reminders shortly before buses departures and before the beginning of each sequences of the programme. In order to avoid any delays, we ask that you respect previously established schedules.

On Monday 4th September, breakfast will be served at your hotel (however, be aware your time will be limited before the departure of the shuttles at 07:15). On Tuesday 5th September, breakfast will be offered on the BPC during the breakfast debate sequence.

Security The current security situation in France requires increased security measures. As the Conference will be taking place on a military naval base, we ask that you have your badge and a valid piece of ID on you at all times. Note that the badge is required to access the naval base as well as the workshop rooms in the Palais des Congrès (Convention Centre).

Do not leave your luggage unattended outside of the dedicated drop-off areas validated by the organisers. Do not hesitate to report any abandoned luggage to the organisation or security personnel.

Transportation The train for the 15th edition of the Summer Defence Conference will be departing Sunday 3rd September 2017 at 18h27 from Paris – Gare de Lyon (and will be returning to Paris on Tuesday 5th September at 18h23 from Gare de Toulon).

A special TGV chartered by the organisers will be reserved for participants. In order to access this service, you will be asked to present your SNCF pass which was sent to you by the organisation. A hot meal will be served on-board for both journeys.

Please note, however, that if you opt out of using the special TGV, the organisers will not be responsible for ensuring your transportation to Toulon and/or your return to Paris.

Shuttles will be available during the event. Please follow the instructions provided by the organisation teams. Please respect departure times and follow any instruction given the organisers.

44 www.universite-defense.org PRACTICAL INFORMATION

For security reasons, personal vehicles are not allowed access to the naval base. If you wish to travel to Toulon by your own means (personal vehicle), a meeting location to join the shuttles arranged by the organisers will be communicated at a later time.

Luggage and lost & found All luggage must be tagged with the owner’s last name, first name and phone number. Please note that organisers will not be responsible for your luggage upon your arrival in Toulon on Sunday evening.

A specific luggage tag, showing the name of your Post-Conference Visit, was given to you with your personal badge. Please attach it to your luggage upon receipt.

Luggage room services will be available on the Naval Base Tuesday 5th September. All items of luggage will be ordered according to the different visits:

Blue label: Naval Group – Ollioules

Yellow label: CNIM – La Seyne-sur-Mer

Red label: Naval Base – Toulon

White label: No visit

After the official luncheon on Tuesday 5th September, those who will be participating to either Naval Group or CNIM visits are expected to retrieve their luggage beforehand. All luggage will be left in the buses boots throughout the end of the visits, and upon arrival in Gare de Toulon for the departure of the special train.

Those who will be attending the French Navy Vessel Tours are expected to retrieve their luggage throughout the end of the visits, before embarking in the buses going to Gare de Toulon.

All luggage with white “no visit” labels are to be retrieved at the end of the official luncheon.

Any items that are forgotten during the event will be gathered in a secure area. Please consult a member of the organisation team regarding any lost items.

For items left in transportation: Olivier BIOJOUT +336 28 70 39 65

For items left at conference venues: Louis-Gonzague ADAM +336 81 93 93 44

Presse room

A press room will be set in the BPC over the course of both days, as well as in the Palais des Congrès on Monday 4th September afternoon. Note that internet connection cannot be assured on the BPC.

Press contact: Luc DERAI +336 78 70 79 69

Protection of personal data

The personal data collected for the Summer Defence Conference are limited to those necessary for organisational purposes. This information will neither be shared nor sold. Use of this data is subject to the requirements of the French Data Protection Act, which specifies the terms of data use and storage.

45 www.universite-defense.org CEIS EDITORIAL - GENERAL COMMISSIONER OF THE SUMMER DEFENCE COONFERENCES

Olivier DARRASON

President, CEIS

2017 Summer Defence Conference: the time for decisions is now

The presidential debates say it all: the French people have legitimate concerns about the ero- ding security and geopolitical landscape. The future course of the United States and NATO, Rus- sian and Turkish relations, the structural migration crisis, a weakened European Union, tensions in East Asia, instability in Africa and the Arab world… Clearly, the situation calls for bold and firm decisions. Given this context, Defence represents a legitimately bulky section of the political agendas, certainly more so than any other issue.

In this regard, the 2017 Summer Defence Conference will bring together all points of the “strategic triangle” including government decision-makers, operations leaders, and industry actors. The Conference represents a pivotal moment in the national debate concerning questions of security. The increase in the number of workshops at the event is a sign of the rising number of security challenges needing to be faced.

Now more than ever, the brave men and women who defend us on several fronts need assurance that their missions will be backed by the resources required. Despite political divides, the need for strengthening our armed forces has been acknowledged, and the debates from previous summer defence conferences have played a role in raising this awareness. Nonetheless, many questions remain unanswered regarding the timetable of this qualitative and quantitative “surge”. The next Military Planning Law must weigh both the short- and the long-term considerations by defining immediate solutions to the armed forces’ pressing need for equipment, along with more structural solutions to draw up a credible defence and security strategy for 2030.

This poses a huge challenge on both a strategic and economic level. On the strategic level, we face the challenge not only of providing our armed forces the resources needed to fulfil their assigned missions, but also of conferring on the political authority the international credibility needed for a strong defence. On the economic level, large integrative groups, the ETIs and SMEs of the Security and Defence Technological and Industrial Base are vital to the industry fabric of our territories. They make a significant contribution to restoring our trade balance, and are a testament that Europe, when it decides to make the investment, remains the land of innovation and technological efficiency.

At the forefront of the State’s strategic resources, Defence focuses on our priorities for progress in terms of research and development, dual technologies and innovation. It employs skilled specialists and a succession of highly competitive subcontractors. For future combat operations, everyone recognizes that, in this global skills economy, it is necessary to maintain expertise through political autonomy and dual projects. Now more than ever, the job of Defence is to defend jobs.

All key security and defence players will gather in Toulon, an iconic city of French military defence pride. Always within a joint-force framework, this year’s Summer Defence Conference has the honour of being hosted by the French Navy. Proac- tively preparing for the future, seeing through the “fog” of wars and threats to discern effective public policies, conveying to citizens a “desire for defence” … This is the role of the Summer Defence Conference, which demonstrate their usefulness and effectiveness a little more with each passing year. CEIS is proud to organise this forum, from defining topics to sorting logistics, and in collaboration with institutional partners, experts, journalist, public and private industry stakeholders, who have helped make the Conference a success over the last fifteen years.

A sincere thank you to the City of Toulon and the French Navy for hosting the 2017 Summer Defence Conference and for providing an interesting and dynamic environment for reflection. I hope you may all benefit from this reflexion and the discussions, which will undoubtedly be both arduous and fruitful.

46 www.universite-defense.org 2017 PARTNERS

PREMIUM PARTNER

GOLD PARTNERS

SILVER PARTNERS

47 www.universite-defense.org PARTNERS

PARTNERS’ VIEWS

3M is a group with diversified technology that pursues research on a cooperative basis in order to improve our daily lives. The company has 91,000 employees, including 8,100 research staff, who serve clients the world over, and innovation is the core of its business. It thus devotes nearly 6% of its turnover to R&D and has, to date, obtained more than 109,000 patents. 3M has been present in France since 1952, currently with 2,400 employees and 10 production and logistics sites. In the defence sector, 3M is an energetic and innovative contributor, whether for industrial maintenance or outfitting infantrymen, with special expertise in ballistic protection, passive hearing protection and electronic protection. Our integrity and observance of ethical principles are the foundation of our renown and our success at 3M, recognised by the Ethisphere institute as one of the most ethical international companies. In addition, 3M signed on to the United Nations Global Pact in 2014.

ACCENTURE

The ministry of armies faces today new challenges such as the implementation of new cybersecurity policies, the fight against terrorism or the digital transformation of armies. More than 9,000 consultants from Accenture in France and around the world support armies in 20 countries, providing consulting services and technology solutions, being field systems in operations or management systems. We are committed to bring innovation to our customers, relying particularly on our French and international research centers. Convinced that digital technologies can accelerate the transformation of the Department, our participation at the Summer Defence Conference is fully in this dynamic.

AIRBUS A European ambition for a stronger defense

Facing an unknown geostrategic and security environment surrounding its borders and inside the EU, France and its allies have decided to increase their defense budget for the coming years. In particular, this choice will enable them to obtain modern technological equipment which is essential to face up to challenges. In a constrained budgetary context, several pooling initiatives have been initiated and must be multiplied. Now driven by a strong Franco-German political will, the European Commission has proposed a European Defense Fund financed by the EU budget for the first time. This concrete European initiative will promote the development of cooperation and interoperability. It should consolidate the European defense industrial landscape. Like the various programs developed by Airbus in partnership with several countries (A400M, NH90, European MALE UAV), new large-scale projects will have to be developed at a level that more than even matters for the future of the aerospace industry: the European one.

48 www.universite-defense.org PARTNERS

JEUMONT ELECTRIC - ALTAWEST GROUP Reconciling ambitions with budget constraints

The world is experiencing a growth of military expenditures that most budgetary constrained countries have difficulties to sustain. For Europe, resolving these contradictions will require strengthened operational and industrial cooperation. Such cooperation must also be extended outside of Europe. Jeumont Electric, reference player in naval propulsions, is taking an active part in reinforcing such cooperation by participating in many programs in India, Brazil, Sweden, Korea, and more recently in Australia with the SEA 1000 program. Let’s imagine how ambitions and budget constraints can be reconciled as an echo to the action of the French Forces, which have been transforming and reinventing themselves more than any other State department.

Philippe Garelli, President

ARIANE GROUP

As prime contractor of the M51 ballistic missiles of the French Strategic Oceanic Force and the Eu- ropean launcher Ariane, ArianeGroup has inherited of almost 50 years of continuous development between military and civil programs based on a strong duality of competencies, technology, and design tools. By mastering the most advanced technologies of the entire propulsion system, our Group is also able to allow industrial sectors other than the space industry to benefit from its competences by using them for equipment or high added-value services, especially for complex and secured infrastructures. With an estimated turnover of more than 3 billion euros, ArianeGroup and its 11 subsidiaries employ 9,000 highly qualified employees sustaining the French territory and its defense industrial base. The M51 missile, commissioned in 2010 in its initial M51.1 version and in 2016 in its M51.2 version is the 5th generation of ballistic missiles of the French Strategic Oceanic Force. With the French Defence Procurement Agency (Direction Générale de l’Armement) acting as contracting authority, ArianeGroup is responsible, for the entire duration of the M51 system, of ensuring the development and production of the missile, taking part in maintenance services aboard the submarine and ultimately for proceeding with its dismantling. In 2014, the development of the future version of the missile, the M51.3, was launched.

ATOS

Atos is proud to take part in the Summer Defence Conference with its vision of the role of information in Defense policy. The requirements of modern combat make it necessary to use the potential of information technologies, in order to exploit a fast growing quantity of data and to bring about technological domination via the control of data. From detection to decision, the information chain must be optimized and secured to serve the mission : capture and processing of information, but also transmission, storage and analysis for decision making. In this context, Atos contributes to the Defense and security policy of many countries. As a major European actor, present throughout the data processing chain, Atos provides secure products and information systems. Atos products protect strategic State assets: encryption, Hoox secure smartphones, access management, border monitoring and emergency management. In France, Atos supplies the combat IS of the Army’s Scorpion program and ensures the resilience of communications for Sentinelle.

Philippe Vannier, CTO & Executive Vice President Big Data and Security Solutions

49 www.universite-defense.org PARTNERS

BABCOCK

“Preparing the future through a proactive and innovative approach” alongside the French armed forces to enable them to do best what they alone can accomplish for the Defence of the nation and

Europe; this is Babcock International Group’s ambition. For several decades, we have been supporting our partners in the preparation of their operations through maintenance repair and operation (MRO) and by contributing to the training of their staff. A leading European provider of service solutions, including support for governments and major corporations, our reputation has been built on our ability to run complex projects allowing our partners to focus on their core activity: operational preparation. A long-standing service provider to the armed forces in Europe, Babcock provides MRO for nuclear submarines, surface vessels, land vehicles and aircraft. Each year, we deliver 758,000 days of training at sea, 40,000 hours of in-flight training and over 60,000 aerial emergency operationsand provides MCO with 35,000 land vehicles, 500 aircraft and nuclear submarines. Established in 2014, Babcock Mission Critical Services is a European company specialised in search and rescue missions and in civil / public security. Faced with a deteriorated European security environment Babcock offers solutions for inland security forces including surveillance, rescue and intervention missions. It’s with great pleasure Babcock meets up with UED eager to contribute to various workshops.

CAPGEMINI

Capgemini, a French Information Systems company for 50 years, is recognized as a trusted partner by the Ministry of Armed Forces. Facing new threats, mastery of systems and data is at the heart of defense issues. To meet these challenges, Capgemini brings its digital solutions, its capacity to accelerate and secure the availability of innovations, to valorize operational data, to integrate and support defense information and communication systems. Our in-depth knowledge of the ecosystem – Ministry, Defense Industry and Public Sphere – allows us to answer to efficiency and transformation issues with the security and interoperability constraints of systems, in complex areas such as command, intelligence, cyber defense, simulation, operations processing, logistics and support.

CEA

The Military Applications Division (DAM) of the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) is in charge of Defense programs, mainly nuclear weapons, nuclear reactors for naval propulsion of the French navy submarines and aircraft carrier, and contributes to the prevention of nuclear proliferation. Since the definitive end of French nuclear tests in 1996, the guarantee of operational performance and safety of French nuclear weapons has relied on the Simulation Program. DAM develops numerical codes which reproduce the complexity of nuclear weapons functioning by high level physical models, co-designs with Atos/Bull the supercomputers setting up computations, and validates these numerical results through major experimental physics facilities, including the Megajoule La- ser. The challenge of changeover to simulation, evidenced by the nuclear warheads renewal, has been met with success.

50 www.universite-defense.org PARTNERS

CMI Defence

Europe of Defense is underway: European leaders agreed at the end of June to set up a Permanent

Structured Cooperation (PESCO) in defense, with a strong political ambition: to provide the Union with a strategic autonomy, independent of the American agenda. If, to this political will, real cooperation is added between the armed forces on joint programs of equipment and maintenance, everything is in place for a real evolution of the industrial landscape. Private enterprise must fully play its role, guaranteeing long-term action, operational efficiency and innovation; also allowing governments, in a difficult budgetary context, to focus their spending on real sovereign subjects. CMI Defence, a leader in the gun-turret segment for light armored vehicles, with its first-class technologies and services, its Belgian-French establishment and its ability to integrate its systems on all European carriers, is ready and determined to participate, alongside the European countries and industrialists, in the implementation of this PESCO and in the realization of Europe’s defense ambitions. This 15th Summer Defence Conference will be the ideal ground to nourish our common reflection on this evolution.

Jean-Luc Maurange, President

CNES

CNES has been assisting France’s armed forces in the conduct of space programmes for more than 55 years, operating their satellites and planning future space capabilities. Over the next five years,

France’s military—supported by CNES—is set to renew all of its Earth-observation and telecommunications satellites and to acquire new signals intelligence assets. At the same time, it is working on the satellites that will replace these future assets. This work involves the people at CNES, who are striving to give French industry the technologies it needs for the programmes that will give forces the means to respond to the challenges facing them over this period. This mission sits well with the agency’s signature theme for this year of “Inventing the future of space”. During the course of the 15th Defence Summer Conference, French and foreign officials will be reflecting on the future orientations of our military, and on its ambitions and resources. Taking part in this process, CNES is ready to help shape how space can continue delivering vital capabilities to combatants.

Jean-Yves Le Gall, President

CNIM

Since its founding in 1856, the history of the CNIM Group has been linked to the French defence industry. The CNIM group is a major employer of the Var Department in southern France and has maintained an industrial tool of excellence at La Seyne-sur-Mer, home to high level engineers and manufacturing teams, in all more than 700 people. With its subsidiary Bertin Technologies, CNIM is a medium-size company backed by stable family shareholders. It is a key partner for the French defence community and regional economy. Its defence offer is built around two orientations:

PROJECTION: for 30 years, CNIM has furnished bridging systems adopted by many armies throughout the world for military or civil uses, in particular to deal with natural disasters. More recently, CNIM developed the line of L-CAT, catamaran landing crafts that operate from a projection and command ship or in full autonomy. The L-CAT are known as EDA-R (Engin de débarque- ment amphibie rapide) in the French navy and have also been sold to Egypt.

51 www.universite-defense.org PARTNERS

PROTECTION: CNIM is an essential link in the chain of French deterrence. We have designed and built the four generations of missile launch tubes of the nuclear missile-launching submarine (SNLE) programme and are also a contributor to the Laser Megajoule programme.

Bertin is an emblematic player in innovation, designing and industrialising equipment for the protection of critical forces and infrastructures: optronic solutions, solutions against chemical, bio- logical, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) threats, cyber intelligence and cyberdefence for nations and operators of vital importance. In order to maintain our technological and industrial capacities at the cutting edge and continue our development, we must more than even win international markets at the same time as remaining competitive. In the context of a demanding market and increasingly stiff competition, this vision must be supported on the long term by the government and by closer collaborations with the largest French industries. We will be pleased this year to again contribute to discussions of this Summer Defence Conference, in proximity to the historical “birthplace” of our company.

Philippe Demigné, Member of the Management Board

To deal with changing risks and an increasing number of new threats, the capabilities of anticipation, command, information protection and interoperability systems are the key. Thanks to its network of experts on cybersecurity, simulation & augmented reality, embedded systems, image processing, artificial intelligence, Big Data analytics, mobility and IoT, CS supports the armed & security forces in the implementation of training and support, command and control systems with integrated decision-making support capabilities, and secure communications. This 15th edition of the Summer Defence Conference will be an opportunity to look at our latest innovations in light of future trends, in particular in the field of cybersecurity, in the fight against malicious drones, and in imagery intelligence and maritime surveillance.

DASSAULT AVIATION

Thanks to command of strategic technologies, the French armed forces can count on high-performing industry which guarantees independence of resources, without which there is no freedom of action and so no true independence. In the airborne sector, alongside the United States, France is one of the few countries to have the necessary skills to design, develop and produce combat planes. This gives France complete sovereignty in the use of armed force, both in terms of nuclear deterrent and on a conventional level, from an airbase or aircraft carrier. Airborne force provides vital backup for our air-land and air-sea operations to be deployed with the maximum amount of security for our soldiers. This means that the Rafale is in the front line for defending our country. It has demonstrated its omnirole capabilities during commitments in Afghanistan, Liby and Mali and currently during operations in the Middle East. With this aircraft, the executive has a powerful air superiority tool which, thanks to its nuclear capacities, is at the very heart of the defence of the country’s vital interests. These capabilities are supported by an industrial excellence base which takes Dassault Aviation and its Thales and Safran partners as the focal point of 500 SME-SMI who have unique know-how, which is the product of over 70 years of continuous investment in critical combat aviation technologies. Our subsidiary, which is present in all of our major regions, contributes to economic development and provides stable, high added value employment. In terms of

52 www.universite-defense.org PARTNERS

the future, developments to the Rafale in response to feedback from our armed forces, the conti- nuation of its successful export, Franco-British cooperation in the combat drone domain, cooperation between France, Germany, Italy and Spain in the MALE drone, it is essential to continue to develop and prepare for the future in all of these domains for French excellence, which is fully at the service of armed forces and their capabilities, to guarantee its long-term future and open up the way to the future combat plane in Europe. If not, the American monopoly will remain unchallenged.

DEMATHIEU BARD A committed partner of the Defence sector

Founded 156 years ago in Lorraine, Demathieu Bard is one of the key independant actors in the construction industry. And for almost as many years, the Group has been working in the Defence sector. Today we hold onto the values that have allowed us to satisfy the stakeholders of this sector: precision, innovation, longevity, reliability, modesty and pugnacity, as well as responsibility, respect for the individual and a sense of ethics. The synergy of the Group’s different kinds of expertise has also allowed it to win a certain number of tenders in the Defence sector in France and in Europe: the SAFRAN 218 project - CEA (Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission) Valduc, refuelling the Quai des Flotilles – SID (Defence Infrastructure Service) Brest, the construction of a shooting range in an urban area – SID Sissonne, of a heliport – US Air Base Landsthul-Ramstein in Germany,… We also intervene for Safran, Dassault Aviation, Airbus… This 15th Summer Defence Conference is an opportunity for us to enter into dialogue with the main political, military and manufacturing stakeholders in Defence in order to best understand future concerns.

René Simon, Chairman of the Management Board

ECA GROUP

For over 70 years, the ECA Group has developed comprehensive solutions designed for naval, land and air defence, homeland security and special forces for both French and foreign armies, government agencies or private organisations. With the development of asymmetric conflicts, threats change and the boundaries between armies and homeland security evolve. Moreover, budgetary considerations as well as ensuring the safety of these forces encourage decisions that reduce their exposure. The ECA Group meets these challenges with solutions using state-of-the-art robotics and advanced automatic control systems that multiply the strength of forces while at the same limits their exposure in high-risk areas. The ECA Group offers comprehensive and completely integrated solutions, proven in combat, and deployed by French forces for surveillance, detection, ins- pection, rapid response and counteraction missions. The robotic solutions offered by the ECA Group are based on a complete range of air, land and sea drones that can be either remote-controlled or autonomous. Interoperable, equipped with the best high-performance sensors, and able to process data in real-time, these drones are the basis for solutions used to rapidly and efficiently identify and neutralise risks. The ECA Group also offers a range of submarine systems as well as specialised equipment for ships, land vehicles and aircraft. Finally, the ECA Group supplies its customers with a set of solutions for training personnel in driving proficiency or specialised missions based on a complete range of simulators available worldwide.

Guénaël Guillerme, Managing Director

53 www.universite-defense.org PARTNERS

Engie INEO

ENGIE Ineo’s development and recognition as an industrial player has been progressively built on the steady development and acquisition of technical expertise, of the highest standards, for the benefit of the Defense and Security world, on a broad scale: Electronic warfare, secured complex communication systems, antennas and radio waves, critical services, here are a few outstanding examples of our recognized savoir-faire. Two fundamental values are the corner stone of this development strategy carried out by ENGIE Ineo: an entrepreneurial and daring innovative spirit, throughout every organizational layer. They support a medium to long-term perspective, allowing us to establish a sustainable and trustful relationship with our clients. These strategy and values are at the core of ENGIE’s strong transformation to become the leader in energy transition, through decarbonation, digitalization and decentralization with a development objective in France and abroad for our services’ activities as a whole. ENGIE Ineo thus relies on its strong technological savoir-faire to engage into this developmental effort. We are now substantially investing on the growth of our company, via key areas of activity, one of them being the Defense sector through an ambitious internal development agenda and a steady external growth program. First meaningful acquisition of this program: ICOMERA, a Swedish company, global leader in transportation systems connectivity. This states ENGIE Ineo’s determination to further develop its position in current and future critical communication technologies. This policy for technology development over time is at the heart of our strategy and you can count on our ambition and determination to maintain our industrial key player status in the Defense and Security fields.

Groupe MARCK

Groupe Marck is a French manufacturing group that designs and sells uniform, equipment and service solutions to public authorities and private companies in France and worldwide. Groupe Marck offers a global service that meets the requirements of a demanding and prestigious international clientele. Over its 150-year history, the Group has acquired and developed expertise in technical textiles, combining flexible surfaces and selling associated services. Relying on its spe- cialist subsidiaries, Groupe Marck has a unique expertise in the world of professional clothing and equipment such as design and manufacture of uniforms, headgear, trimmings and identity acces- sories (know-how is an accredited Entreprise du Patrimoine Vivant for preservation of expertise) or development and manufacture of personal protective equipment and clothing. Groupe Marck is also clothing and equipment for international defence and security forces and global contingent- owned equipment solutions that make it possible for customer countries to meet the criteria set by the United Nations for eligibility and reimbursement for Peacekeeping Operations.

Philippe Belin, President

MBDA This 15th edition of the Summer Defence Conference invites all defence community stakeholders to reflect on the aims and the means to address the increasingly numerous threats in France and in Europe over the next five years. The European Union has set itself a strategic autonomy goal that is now the core of the new defence vision. The Commission stresses that a strong European defence industry is necessary to achieve this strategic autonomy. Thus, in order to provide at a fair cost the

54 www.universite-defense.org PARTNERS

European Armed Forces with the weapons essential to their operational missions, MBDA has firmly anchored its business model in cooperation within Europe and in the determined search for ever more comprehensive industrial integration. This integration is designed to share the technological effort undertaken by several European nations, while maintaining a competitive industrial base capable of exporting more than half of its production outside its five home countries. Our order book is currently very well filled, through the development of key actions: being a partner in our home countries, promoting cooperation and industrial integration in Europe, and developing our export activities. In Europe, there is no alternative to MBDA to guarantee this sovereign access to the critical military capabilities in the field of missiles, which makes our position solid but increases our responsibilities before the European countries, and in particular France, Great Britain, Italy, Germany and Spain.

NEXEYA

For over 40 years NEXEYA has been supporting the defense sector by providing innovative solutions in the form of our tactical computers, data links, embedded information products and surveillance systems. As an intermediately sized business NEXEYA has the flexibility and agility of a smaller organization combined with the support structures, processes and fundamentals of larger companies. We are committed to quality and value in everything we do; from the development of our own products to the integration of systems, from our home customers to customers we have all over the world, from our offerings and the offerings we bring to market with our partners. NEXEYA is extremely happy to be able to contribute to the 15th Summer Defence Conference. With the changes and challenges in security and the faster pace of developments NEXEYA is ready to contribute to the innovations, priorities and alliances that benefit all involved.. We wish you an excellent Summer Defence Conference!

NEXTER “Our defense: what ambition, what means?” - The Nexter Group’s mission is to strive every day for our defense, by providing the French armed forces with artillery systems, combat armored vehicles and ammunition to meet the requirements of our armed forces and take their developments into account. All Nexter employees are proud to take part in strengthening the defense tool of France, by controlling current developments and by innovating to prepare tomorrow’s weapons over the group’s entire spectrum: protection, firing systems smart ammunition, vetronics, robotics, etc. The future military means are now taking shape in the Scorpion program, with in particular the development and production of the future army vehicles, the GRIFFON and the JAGUAR. Nexter is also an active player in the consolidation of the European terrestrial defense industry through KNDS. To meet the long-term requirements of the French armies, Nexter can now count on the effects of scale obtained by the collaboration with its German partner KMW, under the banner of KNDS, with the aim of becoming the European leader of land defense. By optimizing our innovation capacities and our control of advanced technologies, we will be stronger, together, on an increasingly competitive and aggressive world market. KNDS teams are already laying the foundations in order to develop, in the future, the products which will meet the operational requirements of the French and German armed forces, with a stimulating effect on other European forces.

Stéphane Mayer, Chief Executive Officer

55 www.universite-defense.org PARTNERS

OCEA A customized approach to maritime safety and security

French shipyard, present all around the world, OCEA is specialized for over 30 years in design, ship- building, marketing and support to aluminium vessels up to 85 meters:

Maritime Safety: to watch, monitor and secure the EEZ: river boats, fast patrol boats and offshore patrol vessels

Maritime Security: to intervene, escort and deter: interceptors and command boats

Auxiliary vessels: to know, protect and train: offshore support vessels, landing crafts and training boats

A comprehensive set of services of Integrated Logistic Support services

Our participation to the Summer Defence Conference is to strengthen our knowledge in our industry, exchange and be carefully attentive to the evolution of Defence strategic challenges for the States worldwide.

ODAS For the defense sector as in other areas, our success is due to our ability to manage seemingly contradictory concepts: do better with less, live in security and freedom, protect our nation and open it to the world, be technologically autonomous and cooperate... In this totally interconnec- ted world where information is accessible to all, we cannot make choices between a concept or the other. We have to achieve «at the same time». Those who deal «globally» will succeed: our national security needs of national means of intervention and outdoor projection; our protection can only be considered within a framework of European and international trusted alliances. The defense sector must remain a guide and a massive user of digital technology, be innovative in all technology sectors, and use the export as a lever for growth and management of our international cooperation policy. As such, ODAS, like other carriers of this bold policy, will be a very good vehicle for implementation of this strategy.

Admiral Édouard Guillaud, Chief Executive Officer

ONERA

France is today militarily engaged on many theatres of operations. Events that have affected our country since 2015 remind us that the border is sometimes difficult to establish between internal security and external security. Our adversaries adapt themselves and use their knowledge of the field to try to limit the effectiveness of our own systems. Research must therefore also fit. But this reality must not overshadow the vital work of research in the time long that we need to make to stay in the small group of nations that count militarily. Among the themes that will be discussed in the workshops during this fifteenth Summer Defence Conference, I am - as CEO of ONERA - particularly sensitive to three of them: «the modernization of nuclear deterrence», «drones and robots in the armed forces» and finally the «industrial and technological basis of defence and security». Military aerospace research is one of the determinants of the power, of the sovereignty and therefore of the freedom of action. Our current successes are the result of a continuous effort in decades. Do not forget!

Bruno Sainjon, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

56 www.universite-defense.org PARTNERS

Renault Trucks Defense

RENAULT TRUCKS Defense Group is a leading player in the field of military vehicles and wheeled security. RENAULT TRUCKS Defense develops and manufactures a full range of armored, tactical and logistics vehicles. It is a legacy supplier to the French armed forces with 25000 trucks vehicles in service. It supplies the complete 8x8 driveline of the VBCI and the special chassis of the Caesar® from Nexter Systems. RENAULT TRUCKS Defense’s customer portfolio also includes more than 65 other countries. 5,000 VAB have been sold worldwide so far, while models such as the SHERPA LIGHT 4x4 tactical vehicle have already secured their export contracts. RENAULT TRUCKS Defense provides the mobility solutions of GRIFFON and JAGUAR, high mobility vehicles for French Army SCORPION program. ACMAT Defense, created in 1947, has dozens of customers for its new range of light tactical and armored vehicles (ALTV, VLRA and BASTION), especially in Africa. PANHARD De- fense, historical provider for the French Army since World War I, a subsidiary of RENAULT TRUCKS Defense, is specialized in armored reconnaissance, tactical and liaison vehicles.

ROXEL

Roxel intends to develop offers and increase its international market share in the defence area. As well as proposing high performance products, Roxel also offers support and services through targeted cooperations to satisfy requests from numerous countries. Roxel is the European leader and world number three for propulsion of rockets and tactical missiles, and is present in all segments of the market involved with the control of key technologies. By using very modern methods (Lean-Sigma, Leadership Model, etc) Roxel is developing a continuous improvement plan to achieve ambitious goals of reactivity and competitiveness. Roxel also builds on investment and innovation to prepare for the future by researching technologies and processes currently not used with existing products, and therefore generating the best possible value for its customers.

Jacques Desclaux, Chief Executive Officer

SAFRAN

The Summer Defense Conference provides a special opportunity to pay homage to the action taken by the French armed forces. Effective coordination of the Defense community is pivotal in enabling them to take action effectively in the numerous theaters in which they operate. Research and development, production and MRO: against the backdrop of a worsening security context, defense industry players have got together to provide them and their allies with the weaponry to ensure their success. This year, the conference will focus on defense resources and issues. At the beginning of this term of office, all players seem to agree on the necessity for financial input to respond to the threats which we will probably have to deal with for a long time. This is the price, and it is by carefully identifying the relevant sources of expenditure, that we will be able to fulfill our joint mission as effectively as possible. Enjoy the conference!

Philippe Petitcolin, Chief Executive Officer and Director

57 www.universite-defense.org PARTNERS

SOPEMEA

For almost 70 years, Sopemea has been providing qualification services for the Defence sector, its main field of expertise. Initially created as a laboratory specialising in mechanical and climate testing for aerospace equipment Sopemea (Société pour le Perfectionnement des Matériels et Equi- pements Aérospatiaux [Company specialising in perfecting aerospace materials and equipment]) has extensive experience of working on major Defence programmes. Sopemea’s test services cover all the specific requirements of the Defence sector: STANAG 4370 - MIL STD 461 - MIL STD 810 - DEF STAN 0035 - GAM EG 13. Sopemea was notably responsible for drafting the French Ministry of Defence’s guidelines for taking mechanical and climate environments into account and also contributes to preparing and drafting several technical documents for various standards relating to this. The Group is a stakeholder in the CIN-EG and CEN working groups in charge of recommending the choice military standards at European level. Our engineers provide our customers with support during their test programmes. Sopemea is an active member of the GIFAS and GICAN trade associa- tions. In September 2017, Sopemea will be expanding its operations and providing its customers with test services in the United Kingdom through its new subsidiary, the PARC laboratory.

Stéphane Torrez, Chairman

Sopra StEria

The populations of the great Western democracies are showing an increasing need for security to cope with the threat of terrorism and the emergence of new sources of international tension. It seems more than ever necessary to update or strengthen defense and security means. Sopra Ste- ria is an European leader in digital transformation, with more than 40,000 employees in 20 countries, achieving a turnover of 3.7 billion Euro. It appears now as an increasingly important player in French and European defense. The systems it provides to the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Justice enable them to benefit from the latest innovations in information technology, such as artificial intelligence, Big data or IoT (Internet of things), whilst at the same time managing the cyber risks that are more and more prevalent today. The permanent evolution of risks and threats, the rapid evolution of these technologies requires constant adaptation, both in reaction and in anticipation. In this frame, we are using especially suited methods to deploy innovations in these organizations. The methods we developed to deploy innovation within large organizations are particularly suited to this context. Sopra Steria thus contributes to the transformation and modernization of Government and public services.

Laurent Giovachini, Deputy Chief Executive Officer

THALES Information dominance, the key to naval forces’ operational success at sea

Vague attempts at territorialisation of the open seas strike a blow at the preservation of freedom of navigation, guarantor, not only of maritime traffic control, but also of naval forces’ freedom to manoeuver at sea. To ensure superiority at sea, a naval armaments race is ensuing as evidenced by the multiplication of platforms and the development of breakthrough technologies.

58 www.universite-defense.org PARTNERS

Naval confrontation is becoming terribly complex, with collaborative modes of action (multi-static anti-submarine warfare, multiplatform tactical situation awareness and soon-to-come multiplatform engagement, swarming of ways and means, with the help of autonomous drones), compromising information (jamming, cyber-attack), and new weapons (hyper-velocity missiles). Operational superiority will be, above all, information dominance. Besides the essential increase in sensors’ capacities (radar, sonars, ESM), it is becoming vital to master massive flows of information, to secure its processing and its transmission. From now on, connectivity, big data processing, artificial intelligence and cyber security will be the pillars of naval forces’ success.

Patrice Caine, Chief Executive Officer

59 www.universite-defense.org ACCESSIBLE.

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