Focus Orleans Joan of Arc

HERITAGE CIRCUIT CONTENTS

4 WARS IN FRANCE At the heart of the Hundred Years War Joan’s youth

6 THE TURNING POINT FOR ORLEANS Raising the siege of Orleans The Coronation campaign

9 JOAN OF ARC’S CONDEMNATION AND GLORIFICATION Capture and trial Joan’s rehabilitation The memory of Joan

12 IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF JOAN OF ARC The historical centre Outside the centre

Réalisation Graphic Design Conceived by the City of Orleans - DES SIGNES Service Ville d’art et d’histoire studio Muchir Desclouds 2018 (Departement of City of art and history) Production in collaboration with the Centre Laure Scipion Jeanne-d’Arc (Joan of Arc Center). Ed. 2020 English translation Patrick Skipwith Crédits couverture Front cover : statue on the steps of the Impression 2 Hôtel Groslot © Jean Puyo . Imprimerie Prévost Offset JOAN OF ARC IN ORLEANS

Joan of Arc is today known throughout the world as a symbol not only of courage and freedom, but also of self-sacrifice and resistance to the invader. Her fame derives from the role she played in France, and more particularly in Orleans, during the 15th Century. The memory of her entry into Orleans is marked in the names of streets, shops, statues, ceramics, stained glass, etc. The city of Orleans honours its heroine during the Joan of Arc Festival as well as in three municipal institutions: the Fine Arts Museum, the Regional Historical and Archeological Museum and Joan of Arc’s House. This brochure provides key reading for unders- tanding this pivotal period of France’s history, as well as a circuit (centrefold) to discover the evocation of Joan of Arc in Orleans. The Fêtes de Jeanne d’Arc (Joan of Arc festival) in Orléans has been listed in the National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage since 26 February 2018. This festival, which takes place from 29 April to 8 May, has been celebrated and embraced by the people of Orléans for almost 600 years. The inclusion of the Joan of Arc festival in Orléans in the National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage enables the festival to gain recognition, to be promoted and safe- guarded for the future. This distinction emphasises the historical, cultural and anthropological importance of the festival, its transmission by the population and its continuity for years to come.

3 © Jean Puyo the kingdom’s frontier

territories occupied by the English WARS (including Aquitaine, of which they were the rightful owners) Burgundian fiefs

Royal domain (apart from the area occupied by the English) IN FRANCE Other large fiefs

Joan of Arc was born in a specific COUNTY OF HOLLAND political context: the Hundred Years War. ENGLAND ANGLETERRE

DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG Rouen Reims Paris DUCHY Vaucouleurs OF Domremy LORRAINE

Orléans The Kingdom of France in the 15th Century Chinon

Thelala kingdom’s frontièrefrontière dudu frontier royaroyaumeume

Territoriesles territoires occupied occupés by the par English les Anglais DUCHY lales frontière territoires du occupésroyaume par les Anglais OF (includingla(y(y frontière compriscompris Aquitaine, l'Aquitaine,dul'Aquitaine, royaume of which dontdont ilsils they sontsont were lesles légitimeslégitimes propriétaires)propriétaires) SAVOY les territoires occupés par les Anglais the lesrightful fiefs bourguignons owners) (ylesla frontièrecompris territoiresfiefs bourguignons l'Aquitaine,du occupésroyaume dontpar les ils Anglais sont les légitimes propriétaires) (y compris l'Aquitaine, dont ils sont les légitimes propriétaires) lesle domaineterritoires royal occupés (sauf parla partie les Anglais occupée par les Anglais) Burgundianlesle domaine fiefs bourguignons fiefs royal (sauf la partie occupée par les Anglais) les(y compris fiefs bourguignons l'Aquitaine, dont ils sont les légitimes propriétaires) les autres grands fiefs leles domaine autres grands royal (sauffiefs la partie occupée par les Anglais) Royalleles domaine fiefsdomain bourguignons royal (apart (sauf from la partiethe area occupée par les Anglais) occupiedles autres by grandsthe English) fiefs lesle domaine autres grands royal (sauffiefs la partie occupée par les Anglais) COMTÉCOMTÉ DE DE HOLLANDEHOLLANDE Otherles autreslarge fiefsgrands fiefs COMTÉ DE HOLLANDECOMTÉ DE HOLLANDE ANGLETERREANGLETERRE COMTÉ DE ANGLETERREANGLETERRE HOLLANDE SPAIN ANGLETERRE ANGLETERREANGLETERRE ANGLETERRE DUCHÉDUCHÉ ANGLETERRE DEDE LUXEMBOURGLUXEMBOURG AT THE HEART OF THE HUNDRED ANGLETERRE DUCHÉ RouenRouen DUCHÉDE YEARS WAR LUXEMBOURGDE THE BEGINNINGS OF THE WAR REIGNITING THE CONFLICT ReimsReims LUXEMBOURGDUCHÉ Rouen DE Rouen ParisParis LUXEMBOURG The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) was a par- After the death of Philip IV’s three sons, leaving ReimsVaucouleurs DUCHÉDUCHÉticularly active period in a conflict that had him wihout a male heir, the crown passed to Rouen ReimsVaucouleurs DEDE Paris LORRAINELORRAINE ParisReims DomremyDomremy DUCHÉexisted between the kingdoms of France and Philip VI of Valois, his nephew. But the daughter Vaucouleurs DUCHÉDE Paris Vaucouleurs LORRAINEEngland since 1066. The issue was the oath of of Philip IV the Fair had married Edward II, King Domremy DE VaucouleursDomremy LORRAINEDUCHÉ OrléansOrléans DEfealty that made the King of England dependent of England, by whom she had a son, Edward III. Domremy LORRAINEon the King of France for his French domains It was Edward III who, reacting to the confisca- Orléans ChinonChinon Orléans (the duchies of Normandy and Aquitaine, tion of the Duchy of Aquitaine, laid claim to the the counties of Poitou and Anjou). The kings Kingdom of France in 1340. He declared war on Chinon Orléans Chinon of England wanted to withdraw from this whe- Philip VI, already weakened by the revolt of the Chinon DUCHÉDUCHÉreupon the kings of France, to force them to take King of Navarre, Charles II the Bad, who was ano- DEDE SAVOIESAVOIE DUCHÉthe oath, confiscated their domains. Once the ther grandson of Philip IV the Fair. The descen- DUCHÉDE SAVOIEDE oath had been renewed, however, the kings of dants of Edward III and Philip VI would fight for DUCHÉSAVOIE 4 DE France rarely returned all of the lands. years for the Kingdom of France’s crown. SAVOIE

ESPAGNEESPAGNE ESPAGNE ESPAGNE ESPAGNE Joan listening to her voices, Henri Chapu, late 19th c. – early 20th c. © MBAO

A WAR WITHIN THE WAR After an initial period marked by several French defeats, notably at Crecy in 1346 and Poitiers in 1356, the conflict subsided in 1380. It began again with a new civil war between the Duke of Orleans and the Duke of Burgundy; John the Fearless, the Duke of Burgundy, had had Duke Louis of Orleans, brother of King Charles VI, assassinated. The king was mad and incapable of governing and so it was the Dauphin Charles who, to avenge his uncle, had the Duke of Burgundy assassinated in 1419. The new Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good, then made an alliance with King of England, Henry V, who had defeated the French army at Agincourt in 1415. This put Charles VII, who had become king FROM DOMREMY TO CHINON on the death of his father in 1422, in a difficult Joan left for Vaucouleurs to find Captain Robert situation, caught between the Duke of Burgundy, de Baudricourt, the only royal representative who had seized Paris in 1418, and the English, who in a region that was generally favourable to the were once again victorious in 1424 at Verneuil. Burgundians. At first reluctant, the captain never- theless had two of his men at arms, Jean de Metz JOAN’S YOUTH and Bertrand de Poulengy, escort her to Chinon HER ORIGINS where the king was residing. Joan of Arc (Jeanne d’Arc) was born in 1412 at Leaving on the 13th of February, the little band Domremy, a village dependant on the county arrived at Chinon on the 23rd. of Bar (now Lorraine) located at the edge of the Joan was received coldly at first. The French army Holy Roman Empire. Her father, Jacques d’Arc, had once again been battered at the Battle of the a farmer, was a well-off peasant with land and a Herrings and Joan, of course, had no proof of her plough pulled by draught animals. Her mother divine mission; she could only offer to demons- was Isabelle Romée. trate the veracity of the task she had been given by At the age of 13, Joan said that she had heard a voice lifting the English siege of Orleans. After six weeks from God advising her above all to be sensible and of examination at Poitiers, Charles VII finally sent obedient. When the English laid siege to Orleans Joan of Arc to join the defenders of Orleans. She in October 1428, the voice told her to meet with travelled to Tours, where she was given a suit of Charles VII, to lift the siege of the city and to conduct armour, a horse and a standard, and then to Blois the king to Rheims to have him publically crowned. where the royal army was stationed. 5 Épinal illustration, 19th c. THE TURNING POINT © Centre Jeanne-d’Arc FOR ORLEANS

The arrival of Joan of Arc raised the moral of the French troops who then routed the English from the siege of Orleans and conduc- ted Charles VII to be crowned at Rheims before beginning the reconquest.

RAISING THE SIEGE OF ORLEANS the Tourelles, the fortified turrets that closed the THE SIEGE OF ORLEANS southern end of the bridge over the Loire, and Having conquered Normandy in 1415 and then built small earthwork fortifications (bas- the Paris Basin in 1420, the English wanted to tilles) to cut the main access routes to Orleans. take Anjou, homeland of their ancestors, the Finally they bombarded the city, destroying the Plantagenets. Victories and defeats succeeded mills on the river and the Châtelet, residence of one another. On its march towards Angers in the Duke of Orleans. October 1428, the English army laid siege to Orleans. The city was protected by a surroun- JOAN’S ARRIVAL IN ORLEANS ding wall flanked by towers and encircled by Joan left Blois with a supply convoy escorted by wide ditches; its conquest would be more diffi- Marshall Sainte-Sévère and Admiral de Culant. cult than the English imagined. They first took Skirting Olivet to the south 1 , the convoy

ORLÉANS AND OF ORLÉANS ITS SURROUNDING AREA, FOREST s ier ON 29TH APRIL 1429 Road iv to Chartres h it P o Ro t ad to d Gien a S t-Jean-de-Braye and o Burgundy R Road to Paris to road Old Combleux Ch âteaudun Orléans La Loire 5 4 Chécy 3 Port St Loup or Port du Bouchet

St-Jean-le-Blanc R 2 o a d

e t s o u Sa o n l ce

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o t E

a O Le Loiret o R

S Road to Blois Olivet 1 6 Batterie Fleury de l'Ermitage voie romaine

HER MILITARY COLOURS A standard, which is a large narrow flag with two tails, and a

u pennon, a small triangular flag, were madea for Joan in Tours. te n a It was not common to entrust militaryh colours to a woman. C r a Her pennon represented an Annunciation;p it was accidently t rê burnt when Joan entered Orleans.o Her standard depicted F a rue des Fossés l Christ flanked by two angels nearde the shaft. The central part e ut carried the inscription “JhésusRo Maria”, and the two tails car- FORÊT D'ORLÉANSried the emblem of the King of France, Commander of the

army (threeRoute defleurs Paris de lys on a blue background). La Croix de Fleury

ORLÉANS, ON 29TH APRIL 1429 ENGLISH POSITIONS FRENCH POSITIONS English fortresses: fortified camps of the Fortified gates with work English of protection moved Road to Ch t forward (boulevard) Bastille Bastille S Pouër Les Tourelles and its boulevard defending de Rouen ou de Paris Clod Saint-Antoine âteaudun the bridge and captured by the English ou le Pressoir-Ars St Vincent

Bastille t du Colombier, S Marc de Londres et Porte a Gien Bastille des 12 Pairs Porte Parisie aris vi St Loup Bannier tun to P 6 rom Au Bastille de la road f Porte de Roman Croix Boissée Bourgogne N ou Buissée Porte Renart E Road to BloisBastille O t de S Laurent île aux Bœufs Motte St Antoine S Bastille de l'Ile ORLÉANS AND Charlemagne OF ORLÉANS Bastille t ITS SURROUNDING AREA, t 8 Les Tourelles Port S Loup or FOREST s S Pryvé La Loire ier ON 29TH APRIL 1429 Bd des Tourelles Port du Bouchet Road iv to Chartres h it Bastille P Bastille o Ro des Augustins 7 t t ad to S Jean le Blanc d Gien a S t-Jean-de-Braye and o Burgundy R Road to Paris to road Old Combleux Ch âteaudun Orléans La Loire Chécy reached the Loire opposite Checy 2 , on the 29th DEPARTURE OF THE ENGLISH Port St Loup of April. Boats from Orleans were to load supplies, Enthusiastic, the Bastard left for Blois to find the rest or Port du Bouchet sailing upstream with the wind and redescending of the royal army. He returned on the 4th of May and, St-Jean-le-Blanc with the current. But the wind was blowing in the in Joan’s presence, the French took the Bastille 6 R wrong direction and the boats could not reach the Saint-Loup , to the east of Orleans. On the 6th, o a d 7 point of embarkation. Joan therefore left to meet the French captured the Bastille des Augustins , e t s o the Bastard of Orleans, cousin of the king and to the south, and on the 7th they retook the u Sa o n l ce future Count of Dunois. She joined him at the Tourelles 8 following a violent assault during

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Port du Bouchet 3 and told him that she had a which Joan was wounded. The next day, the 8th o t E better adviser than he; at this moment the wind of May 1429 while a mass was being said between d a O Le Loiret o changed direction, which convinced the Bastard the two armies in line of battle, the English left R

S Road to Blois Olivet that Joan had God’s help. The convoy reached the city without a fight. The siege of Orleans was Orleans 4 where Joan would stay with Jacques lifted. Boucher, treasurer to the Duke of Orleans 5 . 7 1

THE CORONATION CAMPAIGN Gardbrace Joan was now seen by all as the person through Pauldron Breastplate whom victory was possible; her action at Orleans Plackart had boosted the moral of the French troops. The Couter Rerebrace newly galvanized army then crushed the English forces at Patay (18th of June 1429), and so ope- Vambrace Gauntlet ned the way to Rheims. The king’s coronation on the 17th of July 1429 in the presence of Joan Cuissard Fauld Poleyn confirmed the legitimacy of Charles VII in eve- Greave ryone’s eyes. Towns that had been reluctant to Sabaton submit to his authority now sent ambassadors to recognize him as king. JOAN’S ARMOUR Known as plate armour or white harness, the armour purchased for Joan was probably of mediocre quality, as indicated by the rela- tively modest sum given over for its purchase. Also, it was not intended for Joan to use it in hand to hand fighting; rather it was to protect her from arrows shot from a distance. Despite this, Joan wanted whenever possible to join in the attacks. It is thus that she was twice wounded by an arrow and once by a stone, and she finally left her armour as a votive offe- 2 ring in the Abbey church of Saint Denis. When the town of Saint Denis was retaken by the 2. Joan of Arc at the English in 1430, the armour was removed 1. L’itinéraire sacré, crowning of Charles VII, Lucien Boucher, 20th c. Maurice Denis, 1909. from the church and disappeared. 8 © MBAO © MBAO JOAN OF ARC’S CONDEMNATION AND GLORIFICATION

After being captured and sentenced to the stake, Joan was finally rehabilitated, thus entering into history and becoming a legend.

CAPTURE AND TRIAL out on the 4th and 5th HER LAST CAMPAIGNS AND HER CAPTURE of March 1450. Later it The French army, having retaken the Paris Basin was the Church, having although without being able to recover Paris, been responsible for the headed south to Berry where it seized Saint- trial and condemnation Pierre-le-Moutier before suffering a new defeat of Joan, which ordered 2 outside La Charité-sur-Loire. Joan of Arc then an official enquiry that spent the remainder of the winter at Sully-sur- was carried out from Loire before riding to Compiègne, which was the 2nd to 22nd of May 1452. Pope Calixtus III being besieged by the Duke of Burgundy. It is finally allowed a retrial which opened on the 7th there that she was captured during a sortie on of November 1455 in the cathedral Notre Dame the 23rd of May 1430. de Paris (Our Lady of Paris). The formal session repealing Joan’s sentence took place in Rouen on HER TRIAL AND CONDEMNATION the 7th of July 1456. Sold to the King of England, Joan was sent to Rouen where she was accused of heresy and TOWARDS CANONIZATION tried by an ecclesiastical court. She was charged After the French Revolution, Joan became the in particular subject of national debate between monarchists with reigniting the war. She was also accused and republicans: should she be seen as the cham- of wearing men’s clothing and her voices were pion of the King of France’s restoration or as a vic- considered as being inspired by the devil. Her tim of the priests? The start of the canonization trial lasted from the 9th of January to the 24th process in 1869, launched by Mgr Dupanloup, of May 1431. She eventually submitted, recanted Bishop of Orleans, once again revived the ten- the errors of which she was accused, and was sions. Joan of Arc was finally canonized in 1920 condemned to life imprisonment. Three days and proclaimed the second patron saint of France later, she retracted her submission. Considered in 1922. The First World War had reconciled the as a relapsed heretic (recidivist), she was burned French of all sides around the figure of Joan of alive on the Place du Vieux-Marché (Old Market Arc as a symbol of resistance to occupying forces. Place) in Rouen on the 30th of May 1431.

JOAN’S REHABILITATION

THE NULLIFICATION TRIAL 2. Stained-glass window 1. Joan of Arc illustrated When Charles VII conquered the city of Rouen on about Joan of Arc’s life, for children, the 10th of November 1449, he asked that light 1893-1895, Cathedral of Boutet de Monvel, Orleans. 1896. be shed on Joan’s trial. A first enquiry was carried © Jean Puyo © Centre Jeanne-d’Arc 9 1 2 3

THE MEMORY OF JOAN ON STAGE AND SCREEN HISTORICAL WORKS Shakespeare was the first to portray Joan on Joan’s contemporaries were struck by the young stage. She has since been a character in plays woman’s character and she is talked about in and operas in France, Germany (Schiller, 1800), several contemporary chronicles, letters and Italy (Verdi, 1845) and Russia (Tchaikovsky, 1880). other documents written during her lifetime and The cinema then took over and Joan of Arc was immediately after her death. Copies of her trial the heroine of the world’s first feature film direc- appeared a generation later; religious treatises ted by Cecil B. DeMille in 1917. Her story devoted to her are also among the first books has since been featured in some fifty printed as of 1473. She is also mentioned in 16th French, American, Italian and German and 17th century historical works and collections films. The lastest film dedicated to her devoted to illustrious men and women. She was was by Philippe Ramos in 2012. considered proof of the interest that God had for the Kingdom of France. REPRESENTATIONS The first scientific collection of the sources Statues of Joan of Arc can probably of Joan of Arc’s story was published by Jules be found in every church in France, Quicherat between 1842 and 1849. The text of the and are also common in public condemnation trial was published from 1960 to squares both in France and 1974 and that of the nullification trial from 1977 abroad (United States, Canada, to 1988. The first scholarly biography was by India, etc.). In addition, many Colette Beaune in 2004. painters have depicted episodes of her life. LITERARY WORKS Various novels have been written about Joan by authors from around the world such as Mark Twain in the United States, Hubert Montheillet 4 in Belgium, André Brink in South Africa, Thomas Keneally in Australia and Knud Dahlerup in Denmark. In France, the first novel was publi- 1. Procès de Jehanne la Pucelle (Trial of Joan of 3. Poster for the Luc Besson shed by Béroalde de Verville in 1599, and now Arc), known as the Manus- film, 1999. between two and four are published each year. crit de Soubise, 1673. © Médiathèque d’Orléans 4. Statue of Joan of Arc brought over from France 2. Poster for the opera by by Nitobe and kept at the Jules Barbier and Charles University for young women 10 Gounot, 1873. in Tokyo. 5 6

5. Medieval market 6. 29th of April, 7. Illumination THE JOAN OF ARC at Campo Santo. procession at the Porte of the cathedral. © Jean Puyo de Bourgogne. © Jean Puyo FESTIVAL © Jean Puyo On the 8th of May 1429, Joan of Arc led a spontaneous procession to thank Heaven for the departure of the English. The following year this procession was organised by the Bishop of Orleans and the Bastard of Orleans. Since then, and practically without interruption, Orleans has celebrated Joan of Arc through annual festivals that have evol- ved with time. Thus, every year since 1945 the memory of Joan has been evoked by a young woman in armour on horseback. The Joan of Arc Festival now retraces the main stages of the Maid of Orleans’s time in the city, from her arrival to the raising of the English siege, i.e. between 29th April and 8th May. The pro- gramme of festivities swings between tradition and modernity with a host of events: mediaeval festival and market, “son et lumière” on the Cathedral, Electro DJ Set, parades, concerts, etc. As a civilian, military and religious celebration all in one, the Joan of Arc Festival in Orleans is a unique event in France. For further information: www.orleans-metropole.fr 7 11 IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF JOAN OF ARC

These pages will help you discover the places that are dedicated to Joan of Arc and/or that summon up her memory. Those featured first are in the historical centre of the city, followed by places located a little further out, for those wishing to explore further afield.

THE HISTORICAL CENTRE 2 MUSÉE DES BEAUX-ARTS 1 HÔTEL GROSLOT Part of the collection in the Fine Arts Former private residence Museum reflects the success of Joan of Arc of the city’s bailiff, Jacques representations since the second half of Groslot, the building became the 19th Century. Joan had become a poli- the town hall after the French tical issue with the Republicans seeing her Revolution. It then underwent as a combatant close to the people and the many changes, both structu- Monarchists favouring her Divine mission. rally and in its interior décor. L’Entrée de Jeanne d’Arc à Orléans, (Joan of A statue of Joan in front of Arc’s entry into Orleans) painted by Jean- the building is a bronze copy Jacques Scherrer in 1887 is a prize exhibit of an original marble statue of this collection. of Princess Marie d’Orléans, daughter of King Louis- Philippe who presented the bronze to the city in 1841. The statue bears the trace of shrap- nel from a bomb that struck the cathedral in 1944. 1 The Maid of Orleans is also depicted in various decorative pieces inside the building: a bronze statuette of Princess Marie d’Orléans representing Joan of Arc after the battle of Patay, a stained glass window, a copy of Jeanne au Sacre (Joan at the Coronation) by Ingres, as well as a fireplace depicting three episodes from Joan’s life.

2. Joan of Arc’s 1. Lithograph entry into Orléans, from a drawing oil painting by by Charles Pensée, Jean-Jacques Scherrer, 2 19th c. 1887. © MBAO © MBAO 4

the Tourelles (fortified turrets). The chapel’s stained glass window was designed by Pierre Carron in 2000. Joan of Arc is shown at the top of the pointed arch. The blue lower part represents her horse and the red elements reflect the war and the flames of the stake. Bas-reliefs can also be seen on the cathedral forecourt, where they have been since 1982. They are the 3 work of Paul Belmondo, father of the French film actor. 3 CATHÉDRALE SAINTE-CROIX During her stay in Orleans, Joan would have 4 RUE JEANNE-D’ARC seen the choir of the Sainte-Croix (Holy Cross) In 1769, Mgr Jarente obtained permission to Cathedral such as it still is, but the transept build a new street across the mediaeval quar- and porch towers of her time were those of the ter, linking the cathedral to the rue Royale. The Romanesque cathedral. Inside the building, architect, François-Narcisse Pagot, drew up the 10 windows dedicated to Joan of Arc are the plans in 1824, and the street was finally opened work of the master stained-glass artists Galland in 1841. Intended to be called the rue Bourbon, it and Gibelin (1893). was renamed shortly before its completion with The cathedral’s north tower contains five bells the name of Orleans’s liberator. commissioned from Georges Bollée, bell foun- After the destruction from the 1940 bombings, der at Saint-Jean-de-Braye, a suburb of Orleans. the rue Jeanne-d’Arc (Joan of Arc Street) was They were dedicated on the 1st of May, 1898, with extended westward to the intersection between the largest, a great bell of 6 tonnes, being named the rue de la Hallebarde and the rue du Tabour. after Joan of Arc. A new square was thus created, the place du In 1926, a chapel was consecrated to Saint Joan Général-de-Gaulle, where the Maison de Jeanne by Mgr Touchet, one of the architects of her d’Arc (Joan of Arc House) is located. canonisation. He is represented praying at the foot of the statue of Joan of Arc (in white marble sculpted by Vermare, 1912) that was originally 4. Map of Orleans placed on the high alter. The pedestal’s bas relief 3. The Chapel by Charles Pensée, of St Joan of Arc. 1853. represents Joan returning from her victory at © Jean Puyo © mBAo 13 Charles Pensée, 1853 © MBAO Charles Pensée, 5 7

5 PORTE DE BOURGOGNE 7 MAISON DE JEANNE D’ARC The Bourgogne (Burgundy) gate which closed the The Joan of Arc House is the former city wall to the east was still visible in 1902. residence of Jacques Boucher, treasurer Every year the Joan of Arc Festival begins with general to the Duke of Orleans, where a commemorative procession on the evening of the Maid of Orleans stayed in April and the 29th of April, the anniversary of Joan’s arrival May 1429. Burnt down in the June 1940 at the Porte de Bourgogne. A full-scale model of bombings, the house was rebuilt between the gate is reconstructed for the occasion and the 1961 and 1965. In 1975 it was dedicated to young woman Joan of Arc is welcomed there by Joan of Arc as a museum which, in 2012, the mayor and some of the inhabitants. entered a new era. The ground floor now hosts a multimedia room with interactive terminals and a panoramic film retracing 6 MUSÉE D’HISTOIRE ET the heroin’s life. The upper floors include D’ARCHÉOLOGIE DE L’ORLÉANAIS the research and Joan of Arc documenta- The Regional Historical tion centre with some 37,000 documents and Archeological concerning the Maid of Orleans. Museum gives a chro- nological guided tour of a selection of works of art and common objects from the Renaissance to the present day. In particular it contains the Joan of Arc portrait known as

the Portrait de l’hôtel de 5. 29th of April, ville (Portrait of the City procession at the Porte Hall) by Germain Vaillant de Bourgogne. © Jean Puyo 8. Paintings on ceramic, de Guélis (1581), the by the artist Jeanne 6. Portrait of Joan Champillou, 20th century. Bannière de la ville (The © Jean Puyo City Banner) a 16th c. pain- of Arc entitled Jeanne des Echevins, 9. Equestrian statue of Joan ting representing Joan of French school, of Arc, by Denis Foyatiers, Arc, and Jeanne d’Arc au before 1581. © MBAO 8th of may 1855, 6 sacre (Joan of Arc at the place du Matroi. Coronation), a bronze by 7. Joan of Arc’s House and Watercolor by A. Durenne, The Joan of Arc Center. 20th century. 14 Antoine Bourdelle (1910). © Centre Jeanne-d’Arc © AMO - 1FI80 8 9

8 CHAPELLE NOTRE-DAME-DES-MIRACLES 10 THE 15TH CENTURY CITY WALLS To the south of the Maison de Jeanne d’Arc (Joan The city of Orleans was surrounded by a wall as of Arc House) is the church of Saint Paul. It is likely early as the 4th Century CE. This was extended in that Joan passed here because it was the parish the 14th Century to enclose the village of Dunois. church for Jacques Boucher’s mansion where At the beginning of the Hundred Years War, even she was staying. Enlarged and greatly remodelled though the city extended beyond its walls, the in the 16th Century, the church of Saint Paul was surrounding ditch was redug, the walls were burnt-out in 1940 and had to be partly demolished. repaired and various structures, bulwarks (bou- Reconstructed in 1966, it now covers only half its ori- levards) and barriers were constructed in front of ginal area. The Chapel of Our Lady of the Miracles the gates to provide defences adapted to the new was preserved despite the damage sustained. Joan techniques of warfare. of Arc is brought to mind by the ceramics of the A few parts of the Roman and Mediaeval walls Orleans artist, Jeanne Champillou: six scenes from still survive. To the east you can still see the her life are depicted on the inside, and the east face Tour Blanche (White Tower) and a section of shows Joan at the feet of a Virgin and Child. the Roman curtain wall. To the north the wall is visible in the courtyard of the former bishop’s palace and near the cathedral; the frame of the 9 PLACE DU MARTROI Martroi can be seen in the car park beneath the The place du Martroi (Martroi Square) lies just to square. To the west, sections of the mediaeval the north of the mediaeval walls of the city that wall are still visible in the rue du Cloître-Saint- Joan knew. A first statue erected there in 1804 Paul and rue de la Chèvre-qui-Danse. was the work of Edme Gois. In 1855, it was decided to move the original CONTACT DETAILS OF THE CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS statue and replace it by a monumental bronze Closed : 1st and 11 november, 25 december, 1st january, 1st et 8 may et 14 july equestrian statue by Denis Foyatier. The bas Musée des Beaux-Arts reliefs of the pedestal were done by Vital-Dubray 1, rue Fernand-Rabier - 02 38 79 21 55 and represent various scenes of Joan’s life from Tuesday to saturday : 10 a.m.- 6 p.m. Friday : 10 a.m.- 8 p.m. - Sunday: 1 p.m.– 6 p.m. her voices at Domremy to the stake at Rouen. The pedestal was damaged during the battles for Hôtel Cabu - Musée d’histoire et d’archéologie Liberation in 1944. The bas reliefs, removed in Square Abbé-Desnoyers - 02 38 79 25 60 Tuesday to sunday : 10 a.m.- 1 p.m. / 2 p.m. - 6 p.m. 1987, have been replaced by casts. The originals From october to march : Tuesday to sunday : 1 p.m. - 6 p.m. are kept in the Musée des Beaux-Arts (Fine Arts Museum). Maison de Jeanne d’Arc 3, place du Gal-de-Gaulle - 02 38 52 99 89 Tuesday to sunday : 10 a.m.- 1 p.m. / 2 p.m. - 6 p.m. From october to march : Tuesday to sunday : 2 p.m. - 6 p.m. 15 Screening every 30 min. 10

10. View of Orleans by Marc Alibert, 1995. © Centre Jeanne-d’Arc 12. The Church of St Joan of Arc. 11. Statue of Joan of Arc, © Jean Puyo by the sculptor E. Gois, 8th of may 1804, 13. Joan of art street view rue des Tourelles. from the Cathedral. 13 16 © MBAO © Jean Puyo 14 15

OUTSIDE THE CENTRE

11 RUE DES TOURELLES The statue now visible in front of 2, rue des Tourelles (Turrets street) is the original statue from the place du Martroi, which was then called place Saint-Pierre. This warrior Joan of Arc, the work of Edme Gois, was originally moved to the left-bank entrance of the pont Royal, now the THE STREETS COMMEMORATING pont George V on 27 April 1855. In 1941, it escaped JOAN OF ARC the melting down of all the metal statues, and Several streets of Orleans recall Joan of Arc and was reinstalled on 18 May 1955 at the site of the her story in their names. Other than the rue Tourelles fort. Its pedestal is that of the former Jeanne-d’Arc, there is the place Domremy (where statue of the Republic by Louis Roguet, which she was born), the rue Isabelle-Romée (Joan of had been requisitioned and melted down by the Arc’s mother), the rue Pierre-du-Lys (her brother), Germans. the place Dunois, the rues de Gaucourt, d’Illiers, On the other side of the street is a cross, put there de Lahire, de Xaintrailles (her comrades in arms), in 1967, to remind us, like the name of the street, the rue Jean-d’Aulon (her squire), the rues Croix- of the site of the old Tourelles fort. de-la-Pucelle, de Vaucouleurs, de Chinon, de Patay, de Jargeau and the quai des Tourelles. 12 ÉGLISE SAINTE-JEANNE-D’ARC The Church of St Joan of Arc was built in 1966 AND ALSO … among other modern buildings near the prison. During your peregrinations, you can push open buildings near the prison. The architects, Even church doors to discover other statues dedicated and Picard, wanted to create a building featu- to the heroine of Orleans. You will also find men- ring a new process by the stained-glass window tions and representations of Joan in the streets, maker, François Chapuis: a mur-lumière (light in shops and even in the specialities of Orleans: screen), which is a panel of translucent polyes- coffee, cotignac (a quince preserve), beer, cho- ter that can cover large areas. The building is colate, etc. designed as a spiral covered with a helicoidal wooden roof structure supported by a reinforced concrete frame. A bas relief representing Joan of 14. Cotignac, a speciality Arc decorates the facade on rue de Québec. from Orléans dating 15. Toy representing back to the Middle Ages, Joan of Arc, middle made from quince preserve. of the 19th century. © Jean Puyo © MHAO 17 ru e P Muséum ierr e 1 er -d ru e-Serbie e Mar cel n r r -P u t o e e ro P us a s 1 i t e s Médiathèque Muséum - r re e i t 1 r parc Pasteur d'Orléans Gare ign u r -d B place e e-S V ru erb - - SNCF ie t e M b l e d

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Anonymous / Chronique de l’établisement de la fête (Story of the founding of the 8th of May celebrations), 15th c.

The label Ville ou Pays The architecture and Office de tourisme - Orléans d’art et d’histoire (City or heritage events Val de Loire tourisme Area of art and history) is department, run by the (Orleans Tourist Office) attributed by the Ministry of architecture and heritage 2, place de l’Étape Culture after consultation coordinator, organises 45 000 ORLEANS with the Conseil national numerous events to allow tel. : +33(0)2 38 24 05 05 des Villes et Pays d’art et inhabitants, both young and www.tourisme- d’histoire (National council old, as well as visitors to orleansmetropole.com for cities and areas of art and discover the rich architecture history). This label is given and heritage to areas, municipalities or of the city or area, with groups of municipalities who, the help of professional recognising how important guide-lecturers. Information it is for their inhabitants to Mairie d’Orléans embrace their architecture Nearby (Orleans Town Hall) and heritage, are committed Blois, Bourges, Chinon, Direction du tourisme, to taking an active approach Loches, Tours and Vendôme de l’événementiel et to promote knowledge are designated “Villes d’art de la promotion du territoire and cultural mediation. et d’histoire” (Cities of Art Service Ville d’art et d’histoire and History). Place de l’Étape The Loire Touraine, Loire 45 000 ORLEANS Val d’Aubois and Vallée du tel. : +33(0)2 38 68 31 22 Cher et du Romorantinais www.orleans-metropole.fr regions are designated #OrleansMetropole “Pays d’art et d’histoire” (Areas of Art and History).