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Messenger Extreme Exploration
MESSENGERMESSENGER EEXTREMEXTREME EEXPLORATIONXPLORATION — Deborah Domingue, MESSENGER Deputy Project Scientist, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory The first half of 2004 has been an exciting time for planetary exploration with the successful encounter and sampling of Comet Wild 2 by Stardust, the landing of two Mars rovers, orbital operations at Mars by three spacecraft, and the arrival of Cassini at Saturn. This month we wished “Bon Voyage” to the MESSENGER spacecraft, which successfully launched from Cape Canaveral on August 3, 2004, and began its journey to the innermost planet of our solar system, Mercury. MESSENGER is a MEcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging mission that will orbit Mercury for one Earth year (beginning in March 2011) following three flybys (in January and Septem- ber 2008 and October 2009) of the planet. It will be our first return to Mercury in over 30 years! The Mariner 10 spacecraft flew past Mer- cury three times in 1974 and 1975 and collected information on less than half the planet. MESSENGER will provide the first global map of Mercury, in addition to detailed information on the composition and structure of Mercury’s crust, its geologic history, the nature of Mercury’s thin exosphere and dynamic magnetosphere, and the makeup of its core and polar materials. MERCURY:A PLACE OF EXTREMES Mercury, the planet closest to the Sun, has a highly elliptical orbit such that its distance from the Sun ranges from 46 million kilometers (29 million miles) to 70 million kilometers (43 million miles). Because of its slow rotation, Mercury’s day (sunrise to sunrise) actually lasts two Mercury years (88 Earth days of dark and 88 Earth days of daylight). -
EPL/Environmental Advocates
THE NATION NEEDS NEW YORK Each January, the state Legislature gathers for a six-month session to grapple with the pressing issues of the day and to advance public policy that will make our state a better place in which we live, work, and play. Over the years, New York has set the tone for enacting bold laws to protect the environment, to cut pollution, and to improve the health of our communities and people. In the late 1800s we enacted the forever-wild provision of the state Constitution; in the 1980s we adopted the nation’s first acid rain law and the bottle bill; and, we have the most comprehensive environmental quality review act in the nation. It is truly breathtaking what can be achieved when the Legislature focuses and commits to protecting the environment. The 1993 session is a prime example of what is possible – in that year, agreements were forged to enact the Long Island Pine Barrens Protection Act, the Environmental Protection Fund, and the Clean Air Compliance Act! We chose an image for this year’s cover that depicts all that is at-risk if our leaders fail. For sure we have made enormous progress that we don’t want to lose. But, community character continues to be challenged by overdevelopment, we struggle to provide safe water for drinking, and we have too many people exposed to air pollution that can make them sick. As we bear witness to what is shaping up as the most anti-environment federal government (Congress and the Administration sharing this equally), the question for all New Yorkers is: are our leaders ready to embrace the challenge and demonstrate to the nation how strong environmental laws and standards lead to the progress and prosperity we all need? 2 EPL/Environmental Advocates is one of the first TABLE OF organizations in the nation formed to advocate for the future of a state’s environment and the health of its citizens. -
EDITED PEDIGREE for SASKIA's DREAM (GB)
EDITED PEDIGREE for SASKIA'S DREAM (GB) Green Desert (USA) Danzig (USA) Sire: (Bay 1983) Foreign Courier (USA) OASIS DREAM (GB) (Bay 2000) Hope (IRE) Dancing Brave (USA) SASKIA'S DREAM (GB) (Bay 1991) Bahamian (Bay mare 2008) Reprimand Mummy's Pet Dam: (Bay 1985) Just You Wait SWYNFORD PLEASURE (GB) (Bay 1996) Pleasuring (GB) Good Times (ITY) (Chesnut 1989) Gliding 4Sx5S Northern Dancer, 5Sx5S Never Bend, 5Sx5D Nearctic, 5Dx5D Tudor Minstrel SASKIA'S DREAM (GB), won 3 races (5f. - 7f.) from 3 to 5 years and £19,972 and placed 25 times. 1st Dam SWYNFORD PLEASURE (GB), won 9 races from 4 to 7 years and £83,474 and placed 38 times; Own sister to RASHBAG (GB) and SUGGESTIVE (GB); dam of 3 winners: SASKIA'S DREAM (GB), see above. BEE BRAVE (GB) (2010 f. by Rail Link (GB)), won 1 race at 2 years and £3,881; also won 2 races in U.S.A. at 4 years, 2014 and £73,227 and placed twice. PETSAS PLEASURE (GB) (2006 g. by Observatory (USA)), won 2 races at 3 and 5 years and £13,017 and placed 14 times. Warrendale (GB) (2011 f. by Three Valleys (USA)), placed twice at 2 years. Hidden Treasures (GB) (2013 f. by Zoffany (IRE)). She also has a yearling colt by Equiano (FR). 2nd Dam PLEASURING (GB), placed twice at 2 and 3 years; dam of 8 winners: SUGGESTIVE (GB) (g. by Reprimand), won 9 races from 3 to 8 years and £265,398 including Woodford Reserve Criterion Stakes, Newmarket, Gr.3, Bank of Scotland John of Gaunt Stakes, Haydock Park, L., Mcarthurglen City of York Stakes, York, L. -
New York State Senate Bill S4461
COMMUNITY BOARD ELEVEN BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN 1664 PARK AVENUE NEW YORK, NY 1 0035 TEL: 212- 831- 8929 FAX: 212- 369- 3571 www.cb11m.org Nilsa Orama Chair Angel D. Mescain District Manager March 23, 2021 Honorable Andrew Cuomo Governor of New York State NYS State Capitol Building Albany, NY 12224 Re: New York State Senate Bill S4461 Dear Governor Cuomo, Community Board 11 supports Senate Bill S4461, which enacts The New Deal For CUNY. This legislation restores free tuition and establishes minimum staff-to-student ratios for mental health counselors, academic advisors and full-time faculty at CUNY over a period of five years. The State’s current practice of funding CUNY with yearly tuition hikes has left CUNY vastly underfunded and left CUNY’s student body without the support they need to succeed. Waiving tuition and establishing minimum staff-to-student ratios would reestablish CUNY as an engine for social and economic mobility for low-income New Yorkers and people of color. Communities like ours in East Harlem were disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our economic recovery from the COVID crisis relies on A New Deal for CUNY. This landmark legislation will transform New York's education system, economy and society, positioning us to recover stronger and better from this crisis. Investment in CUNY is a key to a just future for New York. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any further questions. Sincerely, Nilsa Orama Chair Community Board 11 cc: Hon. Brian Benjamin, New York State Senate (via email) Hon. José M. -
A Brief History of Magnetospheric Physics Before the Spaceflight Era
A BRIEF HISTORY OF MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS BEFORE THE SPACEFLIGHT ERA David P. Stern Laboratoryfor ExtraterrestrialPhysics NASAGoddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,Maryland Abstract.This review traces early resea/ch on the Earth's aurora, plasma cloud particles required some way of magneticenvironment, covering the period when only penetratingthe "Chapman-Ferrarocavity": Alfv•n (1939) ground:based0bservationswerepossible. Observations of invoked an eleCtric field, but his ideas met resistance. The magneticstorms (1724) and of perturbationsassociated picture grew more complicated with observationsof with the aurora (1741) suggestedthat those phenomena comets(1943, 1951) which suggesteda fast "solarwind" originatedoutside the Earth; correlationof the solarcycle emanatingfrom the Sun's coronaat all times. This flow (1851)with magnetic activity (1852) pointed to theSun's was explainedby Parker's theory (1958), and the perma- involvement.The discovei-yof •solarflares (1859) and nent cavity which it producedaround the Earth was later growingevidence for their associationwith large storms named the "magnetosphere"(1959). As early as 1905, led Birkeland (1900) to proposesolar electronstreams as Birkeland had proposedthat the large magneticperturba- thecause. Though laboratory experiments provided some tions of the polar aurora refleCteda "polar" type of support;the idea ran into theoreticaldifficulties and was magneticstorm whose electric currents descended into the replacedby Chapmanand Ferraro's notion of solarplasma upper atmosphere;that idea, however, was resisted for clouds (1930). Magnetic storms were first attributed more than 50 years. By the time of the International (1911)to a "ringcurrent" of high-energyparticles circling GeophysicalYear (1957-1958), when the first artificial the Earth, but later work (1957) reCOgnizedthat low- satelliteswere launched, most of the importantfeatures of energy particlesundergoing guiding center drifts could the magnetospherehad been glimpsed, but detailed have the same effect. -
Podolak Multifunctional Riverscapes
Multifunctional Riverscapes: Stream restoration, Capability Brown’s water features, and artificial whitewater By Kristen Nicole Podolak A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor G. Mathias Kondolf, Chair Professor Louise Mozingo Professor Vincent H. Resh Spring 2012 i Abstract Multifunctional Riverscapes by Kristen Nicole Podolak Doctor of Philosophy in Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning University of California, Berkeley Professor G. Mathias Kondolf, Chair Society is investing in river restoration and urban river revitalization as a solution for sustainable development. Many of these river projects adopt a multifunctional planning and design approach that strives to meld ecological, aesthetic, and recreational functions. However our understanding of how to accomplish multifunctionality and how the different functions work together is incomplete. Numerous ecologically justified river restoration projects may actually be driven by aesthetic and recreational preferences that are largely unexamined. At the same time river projects originally designed for aesthetics or recreation are now attempting to integrate habitat and environmental considerations to make the rivers more sustainable. Through in-depth study of a variety of constructed river landscapes - including dense historical river bend designs, artificial whitewater, and urban stream restoration this dissertation analyzes how aesthetic, ecological, and recreational functions intersect and potentially conflict. To explore how aesthetic and biophysical processes work together in riverscapes, I explored the relationship between one ideal of beauty, an s-curve illustrated by William Hogarth in the 18th century and two sets of river designs: 18th century river designs in England and late 20th century river restoration designs in North America. -
The CCNY Physics Department Newsletter Volume 12 Fall 2019 - Spring 2021
CCNY PHYSICS The CCNY Physics Department Newsletter Volume 12 Fall 2019 - Spring 2021 Features CCNY Physics Club Wins Awards Quantum Computing and CCNY Physics Planetariums in a Pandemic 2 CCNY Physics Department Newsletter Welcome to the 2019-2021 CCNY Physics Department Newsletter. It has been quite a year, but our department has re- mained strong and devoted to both our students and our research programs. We’ve had a newsletter for a number of years, but this year we decided to spruce it up a bit and give all these hardworking faculty, staff, and students a nice record of the past year’s accom- plishements. Going foward, we will be releasing the newsletter in the fall of each year. So, enjoy this issue, and look forward to another in a few months. PHYSICS CLUB REMAINS VIBRANT, WINS AWARDS The CCNY Physics Club bustles with activity whether students are meeting face-to-face on campus, or associat- ing virtually abiding COVID-19 guidelines, and garners awards for their exemplary education and outreach activi- ties. First, the awards! Awards The 2020 Physics Club Execitives: Prof. Franco (Advisor), Michael Gaziani, Jireh Garcia, The Physics Club has recently garnered two major Lisa Chan, Matthew Kubikowski national awards. The Club, a chapter of the Society of is lauded for its vigorous STEM outreach program for un- Physics Students (SPS) received an Outstanding Chap- derprivileged elementary and middle school students. The ter Award from the SPS National Office for 2020. The Chapter runs this outreach program in partnership with designation, given to fewer than 15 percent of all SPS inner city schools and community groups, such as, Ham- chapters at colleges and universities in the United States ilton Grange Middle School, PS 325 Elementary School, and internationally, recognizes the CCNY chapter’s suc- America Scores, the New York Math Academy, the Bridge cessful “Physics Month” activities between October and Golf Foundation and the Eagle Academy of Harlem. -
State Senate District Town/City/Counties NYSNA
NYSNA-Endorsed State Senate District Town/City/Counties Candidates There are no NYSNA-endorsed 1 Brookhaven candidates in this district There are no NYSNA-endorsed 2 East Northport candidates in this district There are no NYSNA-endorsed 3 Suffolk candidates in this district 4 Suffolk Phil Boyle (Rep) 5 Nassau, Suffolk Jim Gaughran (Dem) 6 Nassau County Kevin Thomas (Dem) 7 Nassau County Anna Kaplan (Dem) 8 Seaford John Brooks (Dem) 9 Long Beach, Hempstead Todd Kaminsky (Dem) 10 Queens James Sanders, Jr. (Dem) 11 Queens John Liu (Dem) 12 Queens Michael Gianaris (Dem) 13 Queens Jessica Ramos (Dem) 14 Queens Leroy Comrie (Dem) 15 Queens Joe Addabbo (Dem) 16 Queens Toby Ann Stavisky (Dem) There are no NYSNA-endorsed 17 Kings candidates in this district 18 NYC Julia Salazar (Dem) 19 Kings Roxanne Persaud (Dem) 20 Kings Zellnor Myrie (Dem) 21 Kings Kevin Parker (Dem) 22 Kings Andrew Gounardes (Dem) 23 Kings Diane Savino (Dem) 24 Kings Andrew Lanza (Rep) 25 Kings Velmanette Montgomery (Dem) 26 Kings Brian Kavanagh (Dem) 27 NYC Brad Hoylman (Dem) 28 NYC Liz Krueger (Dem) 29 NYC José M. Serrano (Dem) 30 NYC Brian Benjamin (Dem) 31 Bronx Robert Jackson (Dem) 32 Bronx Luis Sepúlveda (Dem) 33 Bronx Gustavo Rivera (Dem) 34 Bronx Alessandra Biaggi (Dem) Yonkers, Greenburgh, Andrea Stewart-Cousins (Dem) WhIte PlaIns, SCarsdale & 35 New RoChelle 36 Bronx/Mt. Vernon Jamaal Bailey (Dem) 37 Rye City Shelley Mayer (Dem) 38 WestCheter David Carlucci (Dem) 39 Orange/RoCkland/Ulster James Skoufis (Dem) 40 WestCheter Terrence Murphy (Rep) 41 Hyde Park Sue Serino (Rep) 42 Middletown Jen Metzger (Dem) 43 Halfmoon Aaron Gladd (Dem) 44 Albany, Rensselaer Neil Breslin (Dem) ClInton, Essex, FranklIn, There are no NYSNA-endorsed St. -
New York State Legislature Public Hearing Calendar
Andrea Stewart-Cousins Carl E. Heastie Temporary President of the Speaker Senate and Majority Leader New York State Assembly New York State Senate NEW YORK STATE LEGISLATURE PUBLIC HEARING CALENDAR For Immediate Release: October 21, 2019 Oct. 23 Joint – Assembly Standing Committee on Insurance Chair: Assembly Member Kevin A. Cahill and Assembly Standing Committee on Local Governments Chair: Assembly Member Fred W. Thiele, Jr. Public Hearing: Municipal Health Insurance Alternatives and Affordability Place: Roosevelt Hearing Room C, Legislative Office Building, 2nd Floor, Albany, New York Time: 11:00 A.M. Contact: Felicia Harris (518) 455-4311 Media Contact: Assembly Press Office (518) 455-3888 ORAL TESTIMONY BY INVITATION ONLY Oct. 23 Joint – Senate Standing Committee on Health Chair: Senator Gustavo Rivera and Assembly Standing Committee on Health Chair: Assembly Member Richard N. Gottfried Public Hearing: The New York Health Act Place: The Bronx Library Center, 310 East Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, New York Time: 10:00 A.M. Contact: Carolyn Sheridan (518) 455-2889; Cynthia Jacobson (518) 455-4311 Media Contact: Carolyn Sheridan (518) 455-2889; Assembly Press Office (518) 455-3888 ORAL TESTIMONY BY INVITATION ONLY Oct. 24 Senate Standing Committee on Codes Chair: Senator Jamaal T. Bailey Co-Sponsors: Senator Luis R. Sepulveda, Senator Brian A. Benjamin, Senator Alessandra Biaggi, Senator Brad Hoylman, Senator Velmanette Montgomery, Senator Zellnor Myrie, Senator Kevin S. Parker, Senator Jessica Ramos, Senator Gustavo Rivera, Senator Julia Salazar, and Senator Jose M. Serrano Public Hearing: Policing (S3695), repeals provisions relating to personnel records of police officers, firefighters, and correctional officers Place: Van Buren Hearing Room A, Legislative Office Building, 2nd Floor, Albany, New York Time: 10:00 A.M. -
Lecture 17: the Solar Wind O Topics to Be Covered
Lecture 17: The solar wind o Topics to be covered: o Solar wind o Inteplanetary magnetic field The solar wind o Biermann (1951) noticed that many comets showed excess ionization and abrupt changes in the outflow of material in their tails - is this due to a solar wind? o Assumed comet orbit perpendicular to line-of-sight (vperp) and tail at angle ! => tan! = vperp/vr o From observations, tan ! ~ 0.074 o But vperp is a projection of vorbit -1 => vperp = vorbit sin ! ~ 33 km s -1 o From 600 comets, vr ~ 450 km s . o See Uni. New Hampshire course (Physics 954) for further details: http://www-ssg.sr.unh.edu/Physics954/Syllabus.html The solar wind o STEREO satellite image sequences of comet tail buffeting and disconnection. Parker’s solar wind o Parker (1958) assumed that the outflow from the Sun is steady, spherically symmetric and isothermal. o As PSun>>PISM => must drive a flow. o Chapman (1957) considered corona to be in hydrostatic equibrium: dP = −ρg dr dP GMS ρ + 2 = 0 Eqn. 1 dr r o If first term >> than second €=> produces an outflow: € dP GM ρ dv + S + ρ = 0 Eqn. 2 dr r2 dt o This is the equation for a steadily expanding solar/stellar wind. € Parker’s solar wind (cont.) dv dv dr dv dP GM ρ dv o As, = = v => + S + ρv = 0 dt dr dt dr dr r2 dr dv 1 dP GM or v + + S = 0 Eqn. 3 dr ρ dr r2 € € o Called the momentum equation. € o Eqn. 3 describes acceleration (1st term) of the gas due to a pressure gradient (2nd term) and gravity (3rd term). -
Primary Years Academy Newsletter
Primary Years Academy Newsletter Issue No. 31 Week of 04/16/2018 IB Coordinator’s Corner Hello PYA Families, As part of our professional practice, we reflect on the work we have done and make changes that ***Please SAVE The DATE*** will make this program stronger and better for Testing Starts (Schedule Attached) our students. The International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) does the same thing. The 4/26 50/50 Day—Parent Presentation 6:00 pm IBO has been in the process of reviewing and assessing all of the Primary Years Programs and will be making a few changes to the program in general, in the coming year. We will keep all of our PYA stakeholders informed of the changes as we learn about them. We are looking forward to growing as a school to give our students the best place to learn and grow themselves! Have you heard about our upcoming mission to the Sun? To better under- stand our star’s weather, NASA is sending Parker Solar Probe to orbit the Sun’s atmosphere for the next (nearly) seven years. The probe is equipped Hola familias PYA, with a four-inch carbon composite shell, which will protect the vessel as it Como parte de nuestra práctica profesional, re- travels at record-breaking speeds (450,000 MPH!) through temperatures as flexionamos sobre el trabajo que hemos realiza- hot as 2,550 degrees Fahrenheit. do y realizamos cambios que harán que este Information gathered from this mission will help scientists predict solar programa sea más sólido y mejor para nuestros weather and improve advanced warning systems to safeguard Earth’s tech- estudiantes. -
Walter Elsasser in Mind
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES W A L T E R M . E LSASSER 1904—1991 A Biographical Memoir by H A R R Y RU BIN Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1995 NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS WASHINGTON D.C. WALTER M. ELSASSER March 20, 1904–October 14, 1991 BY HARRY RUBIN ALTER ELSASSER WAS TRAINED as a theoretical physicist Wand made several important contributions to funda- mental problems of atomic physics, including interpreta- tion of the experiments on electron scattering by Davisson and Germer as an effect of de Broglie’s electron waves and recognition of the shell structure of atomic nuclei. Circum- stances later turned his interests to geophysics, where he had important insights about the radiative transfer of heat in the atmosphere and fathered the generally accepted dy- namo theory of the earth’s magnetism. He devoted a major part of the last fifty years of his life to developing a theory of organisms, concentrating on the basic features that dis- tinguish between living and inanimate matter, and he pro- duced four books on the subject. While his contribution to biology was not widely acknowledged, he felt it would even- tually be seen as his major scientific achievement. BACKGROUND AND YOUTH Walter was born in Mannheim, Germany, the older of two children of Maurice and Johanna Elsasser. His sister, Maria, was three years younger than him. His grandparents were prosperous Jewish merchants, but his father was a law- 103 104 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS yer who was caught up in the great wave of assimilation and both parents became nonpracticing Protestants.