Downloaded from (152)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Downloaded from (152) STUDIES TOWARD THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE ORIGIN OF ASSEMBLY ON CUCUMBER NECROSIS VIRUS RNA AND ENCAPSIDATION OF HOST RNA by KANKANA GHOSHAL B.Sc., Surendranath College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India, 2003 M.Sc., University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India, 2005 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Plant Science) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) December 2015 © Kankana Ghoshal, 2015 Abstract Assembly is one of the major steps in the virus multiplication cycle. Recognition of viral RNA by coat protein (CP) is one means to ensure specific packaging of viral RNA over host RNA for the production of infectious virus particles. Viral RNAs possess specific sequences and/or structures [origin of assembly sequences (OASs)] which serve as high-affinity binding sites for the CP. In this thesis, I aimed to identify the OAS of Cucumber necrosis virus (CNV). Serendipitously, it was found that besides viral RNA, CNV also encapsidates host RNAs albeit to a lower level (~0.1%). Therefore, I extended my research to characterize the host RNAs present in CNV virions and in virus-like particles (VLPs) formed during agro- infiltration with CP. Characterization of encapsidated RNAs showed that both CNV virions and VLPs contained a variety of host RNA species, the most predominant being chloroplast encoded RNAs. Remarkably, certain retrotransposon or retrotransposon-like sequences were among the most efficiently encapsidated nuclear encoded RNAs, indicating that CNV virions may possibly serve as a vehicle for horizontal transmission of retrotransposons to new hosts and thereby significantly influence genome evolution. To my knowledge, this is the first report of a plant virus encapsidating retrotransposon-like sequences and complements the recent findings that Flock house virus, a small icosahedral insect virus, also encapsidates retrotransposons. Interestingly, analysis of the relative encapsidation efficiency of CP mRNA in VLPs was found to be high, indicating that the CNV CP ORF may contain an OAS(s). ii Towards the identification of an OAS in CNV RNA, a 1.2 kb segment encompassing the 3’ terminus of the replicase ORF and 800 nt of the CP ORF was found to stimulate encapsidation of heterologous chimeric viral RNA during co-infection with CNV. However, smaller portions of this region failed to facilitate encapsidation. Interestingly, two chimeric viral RNAs expressing CNV CP were efficiently encapsidated suggesting that the CP ORF may contain an OAS(s). This result raises the possibility that the microenvironment where virus replication and encapsidation occurs may play a role in the specificity of encapsidation, supporting the involvement of multiple factors in the specificity of CNV RNA assembly. iii Preface The research work of this thesis was conducted in Dr. D’Ann Rochon’s lab at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC), Summerland, British Columbia, Canada from January 2010 to August 2015 by the candidate. A list of manuscripts that are either published or in preparation are mentioned below which have resulted from the work of this thesis. The contribution of the candidate is mentioned below. Chapter 1: Literature review The candidate wrote the chapter and Dr. D’Ann Rochon provided editorial support. Chapter 2: Encapsidation of host RNAs by Cucumber necrosis virus coat protein both during agro-infiltration and infection was modified from the manuscript: Ghoshal, K., Theilmann, J., Reade, R., Maghodia. A., and Rochon, D. (2015) Encapsidation of host RNAs by Cucumber necrosis virus coat protein both during agro-infiltration and infection. J. Virol. Accepted manuscript posted online doi:10.1128/JVI.01466-15 The candidate and Dr. D’Ann Rochon designed the research. The candidate conducted agro-infiltration, virus inoculation, extraction of total leaf RNA (TLR), virions, VLPs and virion RNA, Northern blot analyses, Western blot analyses, Next Generation RNA sequencing analyses of VLP-RNAseq and CNV-RNAseq1 and Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR). Dr. D’Ann Rochon performed the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analyzed the CNV- iv RNAseq2 data. Jane Theilmann assisted the candidate in RT-PCR and ddPCR. Ron Reade made pCNVCPpBin(+) construct. Dr. Ajay Maghodia conducted the N-terminal peptide sequencing. The candidate wrote the manuscript and Dr. D’Ann Rochon supervised the work and manuscript preparation and provided editorial support. Chapter 3: Identification and characterization of the OAS on CNV RNA, a version of this chapter along with additional experiments is anticipated to be prepared for publication. Anticipated author list: Ghoshal, K., Reade, R., Theilmann, J. and Rochon, D. The candidate and Dr. D’Ann Rochon designed the research. The candidate conducted cloning, agro-infiltration, virus inoculation, extraction of TLR, virions, VLPs and virion RNA, Northern blot analyses, semi-quantitative RT- PCR and ddPCR. Dr. D’Ann Rochon performed TEM. Ron Reade and Jane Theilmann assisted the candidate in cloning and ddPCR, contributing to approximately 5-10% of the research. The candidate wrote the chapter and Dr. D’Ann Rochon provided editorial support. Chapter 4: General discussion The candidate wrote the chapter and Dr. D’Ann Rochon provided editorial support. v Table of Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... ii Preface ...................................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. ix List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. x List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... xiii Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................... xvi Dedication ............................................................................................................................... xix Chapter 1: Literature review ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Overview of the multiplication cycle of plant positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses ...................................................................................................... 3 1.3 A brief overview of virus particle structure and assembly mechanisms of viral RNA .......................................................................................................... 6 1.3.1 Monopartite helical viruses: Structure and assembly mechanisms .......... 6 1.3.2 Monopartite icosahedral viruses: Structure and assembly mechanisms .. 7 1.4 Factors involved in assembly of viral RNA .................................................... 10 1.4.1 Electrostatic interactions ........................................................................ 10 1.4.2 Origin of assembly sequence (OAS) ...................................................... 14 1.4.3 Amino acid sequences on CPs that participate in viral RNA interaction ............................................................................................... 16 1.4.4 Replication coupled encapsidation and the microenvironment of assembly .................................................................................................. 17 1.4.5 Physical size constraints ......................................................................... 20 1.5 Detailed discussion of OAS(s) ........................................................................ 20 1.5.1 Helical viruses ........................................................................................ 21 1.5.1.1 Single OAS................................................................................. 21 1.5.1.2 Multiple OASs ........................................................................... 22 1.5.2 Icosahedral viruses ................................................................................. 23 1.5.2.1 Single OAS................................................................................. 23 1.5.2.2 Multiple OASs ........................................................................... 25 1.5.3 Viruses with no apparent OAS ............................................................... 32 1.6 Packaging profile of virions versus virus-like particles (VLPs) ..................... 33 1.7 Cucumber necrosis virus (CNV) ..................................................................... 34 1.7.1 Biology, genome organization and virus particle structure ................... 34 1.7.2 CNV multiplication cycle ...................................................................... 37 1.7.3 Structure and assembly of CNV ............................................................. 40 1.8 Objectives .......................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Differential Segregation of Nodaviral Coat Protein and RNA Into Progeny Virions During Mixed Infection with FHV and Nov
    Virology 454-455 (2014) 280–290 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Virology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yviro Differential segregation of nodaviral coat protein and RNA into progeny virions during mixed infection with FHV and NoV Radhika Gopal, P. Arno Venter 1, Anette Schneemann n Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA article info abstract Article history: Nodaviruses are icosahedral viruses with a bipartite, positive-sense RNA genome. The two RNAs are Received 30 December 2013 packaged into a single virion by a poorly understood mechanism. We chose two distantly related Returned to author for revisions nodaviruses, Flock House virus and Nodamura virus, to explore formation of viral reassortants as a 27 January 2014 means to further understand genome recognition and encapsidation. In mixed infections, the viruses Accepted 3 March 2014 were incompatible at the level of RNA replication and their coat proteins segregated into separate Available online 21 March 2014 populations of progeny particles. RNA packaging, on the other hand, was indiscriminate as all four viral Keywords: RNAs were detectable in each progeny population. Consistent with the trans-encapsidation phenotype, Flock House virus fluorescence in situ hybridization of viral RNA revealed that the genomes of the two viruses co-localized Nodamura virus throughout the cytoplasm. Our results imply that nodaviral RNAs lack rigorously defined packaging Mixed infection signals and that co-encapsidation of the viral RNAs does not require a pair of cognate RNA1 and RNA2. Viral assembly & RNA encapsidation 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Viral reassortant Introduction invaginations of the outer membrane of the organelle (Kopek et al., 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Virus Particle Structures
    Virus Particle Structures Virus Particle Structures Palmenberg, A.C. and Sgro, J.-Y. COLOR PLATE LEGENDS These color plates depict the relative sizes and comparative virion structures of multiple types of viruses. The renderings are based on data from published atomic coordinates as determined by X-ray crystallography. The international online repository for 3D coordinates is the Protein Databank (www.rcsb.org/pdb/), maintained by the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB). The VIPER web site (mmtsb.scripps.edu/viper), maintains a parallel collection of PDB coordinates for icosahedral viruses and additionally offers a version of each data file permuted into the same relative 3D orientation (Reddy, V., Natarajan, P., Okerberg, B., Li, K., Damodaran, K., Morton, R., Brooks, C. and Johnson, J. (2001). J. Virol., 75, 11943-11947). VIPER also contains an excellent repository of instructional materials pertaining to icosahedral symmetry and viral structures. All images presented here, except for the filamentous viruses, used the standard VIPER orientation along the icosahedral 2-fold axis. With the exception of Plate 3 as described below, these images were generated from their atomic coordinates using a novel radial depth-cue colorization technique and the program Rasmol (Sayle, R.A., Milner-White, E.J. (1995). RASMOL: biomolecular graphics for all. Trends Biochem Sci., 20, 374-376). First, the Temperature Factor column for every atom in a PDB coordinate file was edited to record a measure of the radial distance from the virion center. The files were rendered using the Rasmol spacefill menu, with specular and shadow options according to the Van de Waals radius of each atom.
    [Show full text]
  • Emerging Viral Diseases of Fish and Shrimp Peter J
    Emerging viral diseases of fish and shrimp Peter J. Walker, James R. Winton To cite this version: Peter J. Walker, James R. Winton. Emerging viral diseases of fish and shrimp. Veterinary Research, BioMed Central, 2010, 41 (6), 10.1051/vetres/2010022. hal-00903183 HAL Id: hal-00903183 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00903183 Submitted on 1 Jan 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Vet. Res. (2010) 41:51 www.vetres.org DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2010022 Ó INRA, EDP Sciences, 2010 Review article Emerging viral diseases of fish and shrimp 1 2 Peter J. WALKER *, James R. WINTON 1 CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, Victoria, Australia 2 USGS Western Fisheries Research Center, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, Washington, USA (Received 7 December 2009; accepted 19 April 2010) Abstract – The rise of aquaculture has been one of the most profound changes in global food production of the past 100 years. Driven by population growth, rising demand for seafood and a levelling of production from capture fisheries, the practice of farming aquatic animals has expanded rapidly to become a major global industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosquito-Borne Viruses and Suppressors of Invertebrate Antiviral RNA Silencing
    Viruses 2014, 6, 4314-4331; doi:10.3390/v6114314 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses Review Mosquito-Borne Viruses and Suppressors of Invertebrate Antiviral RNA Silencing Scott T. O’Neal, Glady Hazitha Samuel, Zach N. Adelman and Kevin M. Myles * Fralin Life Science Institute and Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (S.T.O.); [email protected] (G.H.S.); [email protected] (Z.N.A.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-540-231-6158. External Editor: Rollie Clem Received: 19 September 2014; in revised form: 28 October 2014 / Accepted: 31 October 2014 / Published: 11 November 2014 Abstract: The natural maintenance cycles of many mosquito-borne viruses require establishment of persistent non-lethal infections in the invertebrate host. While the mechanisms by which this occurs are not well understood, antiviral responses directed by small RNAs are important in modulating the pathogenesis of viral infections in disease vector mosquitoes. In yet another example of an evolutionary arms race between host and pathogen, some plant and insect viruses have evolved to encode suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). Whether or not mosquito-borne viral pathogens encode VSRs has been the subject of debate. While at first there would seem to be little evolutionary benefit to mosquito-borne viruses encoding proteins or sequences that strongly interfere with RNA silencing, we present here a model explaining how the expression of VSRs by these viruses in the vector might be compatible with the establishment of persistence.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cucumber Leaf Spot Virus P25 Auxiliary Replicase Protein Binds and Modifies the Endoplasmic Reticulum Via N-Terminal Transmembrane Domains
    Virology 468-470 (2014) 36–46 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Virology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yviro The Cucumber leaf spot virus p25 auxiliary replicase protein binds and modifies the endoplasmic reticulum via N-terminal transmembrane domains Kankana Ghoshal a, Jane Theilmann b, Ron Reade b, Helene Sanfacon b,D’Ann Rochon a,b,n a University of British Columbia, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 b Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, 4200 Hwy 97, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0 article info abstract Article history: Cucumber leaf spot virus (CLSV) is a member of the Aureusvirus genus, family Tombusviridae. The auxiliary Received 10 June 2014 replicase of Tombusvirids has been found to localize to endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroxisomes or Returned to author for revisions mitochondria; however, localization of the auxiliary replicase of aureusviruses has not been determined. 28 June 2014 We have found that the auxiliary replicase of CLSV (p25) fused to GFP colocalizes with ER and that three Accepted 13 July 2014 predicted transmembrane domains (TMDs) at the N-terminus of p25 are sufficient for targeting, Available online 16 August 2014 although the second and third TMDs play the most prominent roles. Confocal analysis of CLSV infected Keywords: 16C plants shows that the ER becomes modified including the formation of punctae at connections Aureusvirus between ER tubules and in association with the nucleus. Ultrastructural analysis shows that the Auxiliary replicase cytoplasm contains numerous vesicles which are also found between the perinuclear ER and nuclear Endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
    [Show full text]
  • Betanodavirus and VER Disease: a 30-Year Research Review
    pathogens Review Betanodavirus and VER Disease: A 30-year Research Review Isabel Bandín * and Sandra Souto Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía-Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 20 December 2019; Accepted: 4 February 2020; Published: 9 February 2020 Abstract: The outbreaks of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV), represent one of the main infectious threats for marine aquaculture worldwide. Since the first description of the disease at the end of the 1980s, a considerable amount of research has gone into understanding the mechanisms involved in fish infection, developing reliable diagnostic methods, and control measures, and several comprehensive reviews have been published to date. This review focuses on host–virus interaction and epidemiological aspects, comprising viral distribution and transmission as well as the continuously increasing host range (177 susceptible marine species and epizootic outbreaks reported in 62 of them), with special emphasis on genotypes and the effect of global warming on NNV infection, but also including the latest findings in the NNV life cycle and virulence as well as diagnostic methods and VER disease control. Keywords: nervous necrosis virus (NNV); viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER); virus–host interaction; epizootiology; diagnostics; control 1. Introduction Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), otherwise known as viral nervous necrosis (VNN). The disease was first described at the end of the 1980s in Australia and in the Caribbean [1–3], and has since caused a great deal of mortalities and serious economic losses in a variety of reared marine fish species, but also in freshwater species worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • ICTV Code Assigned: 2011.001Ag Officers)
    This form should be used for all taxonomic proposals. Please complete all those modules that are applicable (and then delete the unwanted sections). For guidance, see the notes written in blue and the separate document “Help with completing a taxonomic proposal” Please try to keep related proposals within a single document; you can copy the modules to create more than one genus within a new family, for example. MODULE 1: TITLE, AUTHORS, etc (to be completed by ICTV Code assigned: 2011.001aG officers) Short title: Change existing virus species names to non-Latinized binomials (e.g. 6 new species in the genus Zetavirus) Modules attached 1 2 3 4 5 (modules 1 and 9 are required) 6 7 8 9 Author(s) with e-mail address(es) of the proposer: Van Regenmortel Marc, [email protected] Burke Donald, [email protected] Calisher Charles, [email protected] Dietzgen Ralf, [email protected] Fauquet Claude, [email protected] Ghabrial Said, [email protected] Jahrling Peter, [email protected] Johnson Karl, [email protected] Holbrook Michael, [email protected] Horzinek Marian, [email protected] Keil Guenther, [email protected] Kuhn Jens, [email protected] Mahy Brian, [email protected] Martelli Giovanni, [email protected] Pringle Craig, [email protected] Rybicki Ed, [email protected] Skern Tim, [email protected] Tesh Robert, [email protected] Wahl-Jensen Victoria, [email protected] Walker Peter, [email protected] Weaver Scott, [email protected] List the ICTV study group(s) that have seen this proposal: A list of study groups and contacts is provided at http://www.ictvonline.org/subcommittees.asp .
    [Show full text]
  • Meta-Transcriptomic Detection of Diverse and Divergent RNA Viruses
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.141184; this version posted June 8, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Meta-transcriptomic detection of diverse and divergent 2 RNA viruses in green and chlorarachniophyte algae 3 4 5 Justine Charon1, Vanessa Rossetto Marcelino1,2, Richard Wetherbee3, Heroen Verbruggen3, 6 Edward C. Holmes1* 7 8 9 1Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and 10 Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, 11 Sydney, Australia. 12 2Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical 13 Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. 14 3School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. 15 16 17 *Corresponding author: 18 Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and 19 Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, 20 The University of Sydney, 21 Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. 22 Tel: +61 2 9351 5591 23 Email: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.141184; this version posted June 8, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of Betanodavirus in Wild Caught Fry Milk Fish, Chanos Chanos, (Lacepeds 1803)
    Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 47 (08), August 2018, pp. 1620-1624 Detection of betanodavirus in wild caught fry milk fish, Chanos chanos, (Lacepeds 1803) 1S.N.Sethi*, 1K.Vinod , 1N.Rudhramurthy ,2M. R. Kokane & 3P.Pattnaik 1Madras Research Centre of CMFRI, Molluscan Fisheries Division, 75, R. A. Puram, Chennai-28, India 2Central Institute of Fisheries Nautical and Engineering Training, Royapuram, Chennai, India 3 Visakhapatnam Research Centre of CMFRI, Molluscan Fisheries Division, Visakhapatnam-03, A.P., India [Email: [email protected]] Received 16 August 2016; revised 28 November 2016 Betanoda virus was detected in wild caught milk fish fry (Chanos chanos) exhibiting Beta noda virus was detected in wild caught milk fish fry (Chanos chanos) showing typical clinical symptoms and signs of viral nervous necrosis (VNN)/ Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy, (VER) from the bank of Matchlipattinam, Andhra Pradesh, India during March 2014. Mortality of these fry was observed within a few days after stocking and attained 100 % in next few days. The larvae infected by the virus showed typical swimming behavior which included positioning in a vertical manner with a whirling type movement; sinking to the bottom, darting or swimming in a corkscrew fashion; belly-up at rest, abnormal body coloration (pale or dark) and over inflation of swim bladder. Severe pathological changes in the form of vacuolation and necrosis in brain and other organs such as spinal cord, and retina of the eyes further confirmed the infection by this virus. The earliest occurrence of diseases was less than 30 days of post-hatch, less than 35 mm total length.
    [Show full text]
  • Packaging of Genomic RNA in Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Viruses: a Complex Story
    viruses Review Packaging of Genomic RNA in Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Viruses: A Complex Story Mauricio Comas-Garcia 1,2 1 Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Sierra Leona 550 Lomas 2da Seccion, 72810 San Luis Potosi, Mexico; [email protected] 2 Department of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Chapultepec 1570, Privadas del Pedregal, 78295 San Luis Potosi, Mexico Received: 14 February 2019; Accepted: 8 March 2019; Published: 13 March 2019 Abstract: The packaging of genomic RNA in positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses is a key part of the viral infectious cycle, yet this step is not fully understood. Unlike double-stranded DNA and RNA viruses, this process is coupled with nucleocapsid assembly. The specificity of RNA packaging depends on multiple factors: (i) one or more packaging signals, (ii) RNA replication, (iii) translation, (iv) viral factories, and (v) the physical properties of the RNA. The relative contribution of each of these factors to packaging specificity is different for every virus. In vitro and in vivo data show that there are different packaging mechanisms that control selective packaging of the genomic RNA during nucleocapsid assembly. The goals of this article are to explain some of the key experiments that support the contribution of these factors to packaging selectivity and to draw a general scenario that could help us move towards a better understanding of this step of the viral infectious cycle. Keywords: (+)ssRNA viruses; RNA packaging; virion assembly; packaging signals; RNA replication 1. Introduction Nucleocapsid assembly and the RNA replication of positive-sense single-stranded RNA [(+)ssRNA] viruses occur in the cytoplasm.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence to Support Safe Return to Clinical Practice by Oral Health Professionals in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Repo
    Evidence to support safe return to clinical practice by oral health professionals in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: A report prepared for the Office of the Chief Dental Officer of Canada. November 2020 update This evidence synthesis was prepared for the Office of the Chief Dental Officer, based on a comprehensive review under contract by the following: Paul Allison, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Raphael Freitas de Souza, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Lilian Aboud, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Martin Morris, Library, McGill University November 30th, 2020 1 Contents Page Introduction 3 Project goal and specific objectives 3 Methods used to identify and include relevant literature 4 Report structure 5 Summary of update report 5 Report results a) Which patients are at greater risk of the consequences of COVID-19 and so 7 consideration should be given to delaying elective in-person oral health care? b) What are the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 that oral health professionals 9 should screen for prior to providing in-person health care? c) What evidence exists to support patient scheduling, waiting and other non- treatment management measures for in-person oral health care? 10 d) What evidence exists to support the use of various forms of personal protective equipment (PPE) while providing in-person oral health care? 13 e) What evidence exists to support the decontamination and re-use of PPE? 15 f) What evidence exists concerning the provision of aerosol-generating 16 procedures (AGP) as part of in-person
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of the Nodamura Virus RNA Dependent RNA
    University of Texas at El Paso DigitalCommons@UTEP Open Access Theses & Dissertations 2015-01-01 Characterization of the Nodamura virus RNA dependent RNA polymerase and Formation of RNA Replication Complexes in Mammalian Cells Vincent Ulysses Gant University of Texas at El Paso, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd Part of the Biochemistry Commons, Molecular Biology Commons, and the Virology Commons Recommended Citation Gant, Vincent Ulysses, "Characterization of the Nodamura virus RNA dependent RNA polymerase and Formation of RNA Replication Complexes in Mammalian Cells" (2015). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 1047. https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd/1047 This is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NODAMURA VIRUS RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE AND FORMATION OF RNA REPLICATION COMPLEXES IN MAMMALIAN CELLS VINCENT ULYSSES GANT JR. Department of Biological Sciences APPROVED: Kyle L. Johnson, Ph.D., Chair Ricardo A. Bernal, Ph.D. Kristine M. Garza, Ph.D. Kristin Gosselink, Ph.D. German Rosas-Acosta, Ph. D. Jianjun Sun, Ph.D. Charles Ambler, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School Copyright © By Vincent Ulysses Gant Jr. 2015 Dedication I want to dedicate my dissertation to my beautiful mother, Maria Del Carmen Gant. My mother lived her life to make sure all of her children were taken care of and stayed on track. She always pushed me to stay on top of my education and taught me to grapple with life.
    [Show full text]