Year in Review 2019
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Why Are Gender Reforms Adopted in Singapore? Party Pragmatism and Electoral Incentives* Netina Tan
Why Are Gender Reforms Adopted in Singapore? Party Pragmatism and Electoral Incentives* Netina Tan Abstract In Singapore, the percentage of elected female politicians rose from 3.8 percent in 1984 to 22.5 percent after the 2015 general election. After years of exclusion, why were gender reforms adopted and how did they lead to more women in political office? Unlike South Korea and Taiwan, this paper shows that in Singapore party pragmatism rather than international diffusion of gender equality norms, feminist lobbying, or rival party pressures drove gender reforms. It is argued that the ruling People’s Action Party’s (PAP) strategic and electoral calculations to maintain hegemonic rule drove its policy u-turn to nominate an average of about 17.6 percent female candidates in the last three elections. Similar to the PAP’s bid to capture women voters in the 1959 elections, it had to alter its patriarchal, conservative image to appeal to the younger, progressive electorate in the 2000s. Additionally, Singapore’s electoral system that includes multi-member constituencies based on plurality party bloc vote rule also makes it easier to include women and diversify the party slate. But despite the strategic and electoral incentives, a gender gap remains. Drawing from a range of public opinion data, this paper explains why traditional gender stereotypes, biased social norms, and unequal family responsibilities may hold women back from full political participation. Keywords: gender reforms, party pragmatism, plurality party bloc vote, multi-member constituencies, ethnic quotas, PAP, Singapore DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2016892369 ____________________ Netina Tan is an assistant professor of political science at McMaster University. -
331KB***Administrative and Constitutional
(2016) 17 SAL Ann Rev Administrative and Constitutional Law 1 1. ADMINISTRATIVE AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAW THIO Li-ann BA (Oxon) (Hons), LLM (Harvard), PhD (Cantab); Barrister (Gray’s Inn, UK); Provost Chair Professor, Faculty of Law, National University of Singapore. Introduction 1.1 In terms of administrative law, the decided cases showed some insight into the role of courts in relation to: handing over town council management to another political party after a general election, the susceptibility of professional bodies which are vested with statutory powers like the Law Society review committee to judicial review; as well as important observations on substantive legitimate expectations and developments in exceptions to the rule against bias on the basis of necessity, and how this may apply to private as opposed to statutory bodies. Many of the other cases affirmed existing principles of administrative legality and the need for an evidential basis to sustain an argument. For example, a bare allegation of bias without evidence cannot be sustained; allegations of bias cannot arise when a litigant is simply made to follow well-established court procedures.1 1.2 Most constitutional law cases revolved around Art 9 issues. Judicial observations on the nature or scope of specific constitutional powers were made in cases not dealing directly with constitutional arguments. See Kee Oon JC in Karthigeyan M Kailasam v Public Prosecutor2 noted the operation of a presumption of legality and good faith in relation to acts of public officials; the Prosecution, in particular, is presumed “to act in the public interest at all times”, in relation to all prosecuted cases from the first instance to appellate level. -
Annex B (Pdf, 314.38KB)
ANNEX B CABINET AND OTHER OFFICE HOLDERS (1 May 2014 unless stated otherwise) MINISTRY MINISTER MINISTER OF STATE PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARIES PMO Prime Minister's Office Mr Lee Hsien Loong Mr Heng Chee How (Prime Minister) (Senior Minister of State) Mr Teo Chee Hean #@ Mr Sam Tan ^*# (Deputy Prime Minister and (Minister of State) Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs) Mr Tharman Shanmugaratnam #@ (Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Finance) Mr Lim Swee Say @ Mr S Iswaran # (Minister, PMO, Second Minister for Home Affairs and Second Minister for Trade and Industry) Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien #@ (Minister, PMO, Second Minister for Environment and Water Resources and Second Minister for Foreign Affairs) FOREIGN AFFAIRS, SECURITY AND DEFENCE Defence Dr Ng Eng Hen Dr Mohamad Maliki Bin Osman # (Minister of State) Mr Chan Chun Sing # (Second Minister) Foreign Affairs Mr K Shanmugam # Mr Masagos Zulkifli # (Senior Minister of State) Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien #@ (Second Minister) Home Affairs Mr Teo Chee Hean #@ Mr Masagos Zulkifli # (Deputy Prime Minister) (Senior Minister of State) Mr S Iswaran # (Second Minister) Law Mr K Shanmugam # Ms Indranee Rajah # (Senior Minister of State) ECONOMICS Trade and Industry Mr Lim Hng Kiang Mr Lee Yi Shyan # (Senior Minister of State) Mr S Iswaran #+ Mr Teo Ser Luck # (Second Minister) (Minister of State) Finance Mr Tharman Shanmugaratnam #@ Mrs Josephine Teo # (Deputy Prime Minister) (Senior Minister of State) Transport Mr Lui Tuck Yew Mrs Josephine Teo # A/P Muhammad Faishal bin -
170702Mindmap Copy
Who said what Numerous allegations have been made in the ongoing feud between Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and his siblings, from misuse of power to a conict Against Lee Hsien Loong of interest in preparing the late Mr Lee Kuan Yew’s last will. Insight charts the Against Teo Chee Hean • Allegation: PM Lee misused his claims and accusations in the dispute over the fate of 38, Oxley Road. • Allegation: Committee focused power to prevent the house from solely on challenging validity of being demolished demolition clause in Mr Lee’s will PM’s response: Denied the DPM Teo’s response: Not true that “baseless” allegations, will refute committee bent on preventing them in a ministerial statement in demolition of the house Parliament tomorrow • Allegation: Committee did not • Allegation: PM Lee made disclose options in prior exchanges, contradictory statements about only identied members and its their father’s wishes and the house terms of reference when “forced in public and private into the daylight” Ms Indranee Rajah’s DPM Teo’s response: Nothing response: Notes that secret about committee; it is like Mr Lee Kuan Yew’s numerous other committees last will specically Cabinet sets up to consider specic accepts and Against Ho Ching Against K. Shanmugam issues acknowledges that DPM Tharman Allegation: Has a pervasive Allegation: Conict of interest demolition may not take place. • • Shanmugaratnam’s inuence on government, well being on ministerial committee, response: Cabinet has beyond her job scope having advised the late Mr Lee and • Allegation: Did not challenge the numerous committees family about the house last will in court when probate was on whole range of granted • Allegation: Removed the late Mr Mr Shanmugam’s response: issues, to help think Lee’s items from house without PM’s response: Wanted to avoid a Calls the claim ridiculous; says through difcult choices approval; represented the Prime public ght that would tarnish the nothing he said precluded him from Minister’s Ofce despite not family name serving in committee. -
Lee Kuan Yew Continue to flow As Life Returns to Normal at a Market at Toa Payoh Lorong 8 on Wednesday, Three Days After the State Funeral Service
TODAYONLINE.COM WE SET YOU THINKING SUNDAY, 5 APRIL 2015 SPECIAL EDITION MCI (P) 088/09/2014 The tributes to the late Mr Lee Kuan Yew continue to flow as life returns to normal at a market at Toa Payoh Lorong 8 on Wednesday, three days after the State Funeral Service. PHOTO: WEE TECK HIAN REMEMBERING MR LEE KUAN YEW SPECIAL ISSUE 2 REMEMBERING LEE KUAN YEW Tribute cards for the late Mr Lee Kuan Yew by the PCF Sparkletots Preschool (Bukit Gombak Branch) teachers and students displayed at the Chua Chu Kang tribute centre. PHOTO: KOH MUI FONG COMMENTARY Where does Singapore go from here? died a few hours earlier, he said: “I am for some, more bearable. Servicemen the funeral of a loved one can tell you, CARL SKADIAN grieved beyond words at the passing of and other volunteers went about their the hardest part comes next, when the DEPUTY EDITOR Mr Lee Kuan Yew. I know that we all duties quietly, eiciently, even as oi- frenzy of activity that has kept the mind feel the same way.” cials worked to revise plans that had busy is over. I think the Prime Minister expected to be adjusted after their irst contact Alone, without the necessary and his past week, things have been, many Singaporeans to mourn the loss, with a grieving nation. fortifying distractions of a period of T how shall we say … diferent but even he must have been surprised Last Sunday, about 100,000 people mourning in the company of others, in Singapore. by just how many did. -
Michael Green QC, Fountain Court
Finance, Property and Business Litigation in a Changing World 25-26 April 2013 Supreme Court Auditorium Organisers: Finance, Property and Business Litigation in a Changing World Plenary Session 1: Finance Litigation Chairperson Mr Alvin Yeo SC , WongPartnership LLP Speakers Ms Geraldine Andrews QC, Essex Court Chambers Mr Peter de Verneuil Smith, 3Verulam Buildings Mr Hri Kumar Nair SC, Drew & Napier LLC FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES LITIGATION Geraldine Andrews Q.C. Essex Court Chambers The 2008 financial crisis Sept-Oct 2008 – the eye of the storm • 7th Sept - Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae effectively nationalized by US Government. • 14th Sept - Merrill Lynch shotgun wedding to Bank of America amidst fears of liquidity crisis • 15th Sept - Lehman Bros filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy protection. Periodically thereafter various of its subsidiaries did the same, including, on 3 Oct, LBSF, the dedicated subsidiary for derivative transactions. • 17th Sept - AIG, the USA䇻s largest insurer, was bailed out by US Govt with a loan of $85bn (insufficient funds to meet its CDS insurance obligations) Geraldine Andrews QC, Essex Court Chambers FINANCE, PROPERTY AND BUSINESS LITIGATION IN A CHANGING WORLD Sept-Oct 2008 – the eye of the storm • 17th Sept – Lloyds TSB takes over HBOS following a run on HBOS shares • 25th Sept – Washington Mutual sold to JP Morgan Chase for $1.9bn. • 3 Oct – US Congress approves 700bn bailout of the banks – the biggest financial rescue in US history. • 6-10 Oct - The worst week for the global stock market for 75 years. The Dow Jones index lost 22.1%, its worst week on record. Geraldine Andrews QC, Essex Court Chambers FINANCE, PROPERTY AND BUSINESS LITIGATION IN A CHANGING WORLD Sept-Oct 2008 – the eye of the storm • 7 Oct - Icelandic banking system collapses • 11 Oct Highest volatility day recorded in the 112 year history of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. -
The Candidates
BT INFOGRAPHICS GE2015 The candidates Bukit Batok Sengkang West SMC SMC Sembawang Punggol East GRC SMC Hougang Marsiling- SMC Yew Tee GRC Nee Soon GRC Chua Chu Kang AngAng Mo MoKio Kio Holland- Pasir Ris- GRC GRCGRC Bukit Punggol GRC Timah Hong Kah GRC North SMC Tampines Bishan- Aljunied GRC Toa Payoh GRC East Coast GRC Jurong GRC GRC West Coast GRC Marine Parade Tanjong Pagar GRC GRC Fengshan SMC FOUR-MEMBER GRC Jalan Besar Chua Chu Kang MacPherson SMC GRC (Estimated no. of electors: 119,848) Mountbatten SMC PEOPLE’S PEOPLE’S ACTION PARTY POWER PARTY Gan Kim Yong Goh Meng Seng Low Yen Ling Lee Tze Shih Pioneer Yuhua Bukit Panjang Radin Mas Potong Yee Chia Hsing Low Wai Choo SMC SMC SMC SMC Pasir SMC Zaqy Mohamad Syafarin Sarif East Coast SIX-MEMBER GRC FIVE-MEMBER GRC FOUR-MEMBER GRC SINGLE-MEMBER CONSTITUENCY (SMC) (Estimated no. electors: 99,015) PEOPLE’S WORKERS’ SIX-MEMBER GRC FIVE-MEMBER GRC ACTION PARTY PARTY Jessica Tan Daniel Goh Ang Mo Kio Aljunied Nee Soon Lee Yi Shyan Gerald Giam (Estimated no. of electors: 187,652) (Estimated no. of electors: 148,024) (Estimated no. of electors: 132,200) Lim Swee Say Leon Perera Maliki Bin Osman Fairoz Shariff PEOPLE’S THE REFORM WORKERS’ PEOPLE’S PEOPLE’S WORKERS’ Holland-Bukit Timah ACTION PARTY PARTY PARTY ACTION PARTY ACTION PARTY PARTY (Estimated no. of electors: 104,397) Ang Hin Kee Gilbert Goh Chen Show Mao Chua Eng Leong Henry Kwek Cheryl Denise Loh Darryl David Jesse Loo Low Thia Kiang K Muralidharan Pillai K Shanmugam Gurmit Singh Gan Thiam Poh M Ravi Faisal Abdul Manap Shamsul Kamar Lee Bee Wah Kenneth Foo Intan Azura Mokhtar Osman Sulaiman Pritam Singh Victor Lye Louis Ng Luke Koh PEOPLE’S SINGAPORE ACTION PARTY DEMOCRATIC PARTY Koh Poh Koon Roy Ngerng Sylvia Lim Yeo Guat Kwang Faishal Ibrahim Ron Tan Christopher De Souza Chee Soon Juan Lee Hsien Loong Siva Chandran Liang Eng Hwa Chong Wai Fung Bishan-Toa Payoh Sembawang Sim Ann Paul Ananth Tambyah Pasir Ris-Punggol (Estimated no. -
1—Singapore Communitarianism and the Case for Conserving 377A
Singapore Journal of Legal Studies [2008] 347–394 “DON’T EVER TAKE A FENCE DOWN UNTIL YOU KNOW THE REASON IT WAS PUT UP”1—SINGAPORE COMMUNITARIANISM AND THE CASE FOR CONSERVING 377A Yvonne C. L. Lee∗ A rare parliamentary petition which sought the repeal of section 377A of the Penal Code that criminalises acts of gross indecency between male adults, was presented and debated in Parliament in October 2007. This article critically examines the constitutional law dimension and issues in relation to the 377A debate in Singapore. It highlights the primary jurisprudential thrust of the competing arguments and assumptions. It advances and defends the communitarian case for preserving 377A which the author argues is both normatively desirable and empirically reflective of existing Singapore law and policy. With particular regard to the Singapore context, it reflects on how democratic societies should address questions of law and profound moral disagreement, the importance of civil debate, and whether the legislative or judicial forum is most appropriate for making decisions on morally controversial questions. I. 377A: The Hart-Devlin Debate Redux For only the second time in Singapore history,2 a petition was presented to Parliament on 22 October 2007, by a nominated Member of Parliament (‘MP’)3 calling for the repeal of section 377A of the Penal Code4 (‘377A’). This prohibits all acts of gross indecency, such as homosexual sodomy, in public or private, between two adult ∗ LL.M. (Michigan), LL.B. (NUS); Attorney & Counsellor (New York State), Advocate & Solicitor (Singapore); Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, National University of Singapore. I thank several colleagues for our lively exchanges on this issue. -
Koh Keow Neo and Others V Chee Johnny and Others
Koh Keow Neo and Others v Chee Johnny and Others [2004] SGHC 94 Case Number : Suit 715/2002 Decision Date : 06 May 2004 Tribunal/Court : High Court Coram : Lai Siu Chiu J Counsel Name(s) : Edwin Tay and Peter Ezekiel (Edwin Tay and Co) for first to eighth, and 11th to 79th plaintiffs; Alvin Yeo SC, Chou Sean Yu and Vanessa Lim (Wong Partnership) for first to fifth defendants; Harry Elias SC, Michael Palmer, Howard Chen and Lynette Chew (Harry Elias Partnership) for sixth and eighth to tenth defendants Parties : Koh Keow Neo — Chee Johnny Contract – Intention to create legal relations – Whether informal updates sent to flat owners reflected intention to enter into legal relationship Contract – Misrepresentation act – Negligent misrepresentation – Whether actionable misrepresentation made out – Section 2 Misrepresentation Act (Cap 390, 1994 Rev Ed) Equity – Fiduciary relationships – Duties – Ambit of duty owed to principal by gratuitous agent Tort – Negligence – Duty of care – Whether relationship of sufficient proximity established between gratuitous agent and principal 6 May 2004 Judgment reserved. Lai Siu Chiu J: 1 This suit revolves around a privatisation exercise, which went wrong, of Bedok Reservoir HUDC Estate (“the Estate”). The estate was privatised on 1 February 2000 and is now known as Waterfront View Condominium The background 2 The Estate comprises of 583 flats in 13 blocks built by the Housing and Development Board (“HDB”), as a phase Ш HUDC estate in the 1980s. The abbreviation “HUDC” stands for Housing & Urban Development Corporation Pte Ltd. HUDC estates were built in the 1970s to cater to the housing needs of a “sandwich” class of Singaporeans, whose income overqualified them for ownership of HDB flats but was insufficient to enable them to purchase private housing. -
Major Visits to Chile of Singaporean Authorities
Major visits to Chile of Singaporean authorities Date Authority Purpose 1979 Director of the Department of Trade Trade Misión (August) Ridzwan Dzafir 1989 Prime Minister Official Visit (October) Goh Chok Tong 2001 Minister for Trade and Industry Trade Misión BG George Yeo 2008 Prime Minister Official Visit Lee Hsien Loong 2011 Non-Resident Ambassador to Chile Meeting with Under-Secretary for Cheong Yip Seng Treasury 2019 Non-Resident Ambassador to Chile Prepare the Official Visit Prime Minister Siak Ching Lee (Nov. 2019) 2019 Minister of Trade and Industry APEC Ministers' Meeting (APEC Chile) Chan Chun Sing Senior Parliamentary Secretary Education APEC Women's Ministerial Meeting and Social and Family Development Faishal Ibrahim Minister in the Prime Minister's Office and Ministerial Finance APEC Second Minister for Finance and Education Indranee Rajah Deputy Secretary (Development) of High-Level Meeting on Health Matters Ministry of Health Dr Benjamin Koh Major visits to Singapore from Chilean authorities Date Authority Purpose 1979 Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs Official Visit (May) Enrique Valdés 1980 General Director of the Ministry of Strength the bilateral relation and (October) Foreign Affairs, Javier Blanes promote closer commercial ties 1991 General Director of International Affairs Attracting investment and strategy Augusto Aninat towards to the Asia-Pacific 1996 President of the Republic Official Visit Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle 2004 President of the Republic Official Visit Ricardo Lagos Escobar 2009 Commander-in-Chief of the -
New Cabinet Full
BT Infographics The new Cabinet and other office holders PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICE Prime DPM and Coordinating DPM and Coordinating Coordinating Minister Minister, PMO Minister, PMO Minister Minister for Minister for Economic for Infrastructure and Ng Chee Meng, 49 Indranee Rajah, 55 Lee Hsien Loong, 66 National Security and Social Policies Minister for Transport Teo Chee Hean, 63 Tharman Shanmugaratnam, 61 Khaw Boon Wan, 65 DEFENCE HOME AFFAIRS FOREIGN AFFAIRS FINANCE LAW TRANSPORT NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Minister Heng Swee Keat, 57 Minister Minister Second Minister Minister Second Minister Minister Second Ng Eng Hen, 59 K Shanmugam, Minister Vivian K Shanmugam, Minister Khaw Boon Wan, 65 Lawrence Minister 59 Josephine Balakrishnan, 57 59 Indranee Wong, 45 Desmond Teo, 49 Rajah, 55 Lee, 41 I Senior Minister of State (until June 30 I Senior Minister of State I Senior Minister Mohamad Maliki Bin 2018) Lam Pin Min, 48 of State I Senior Parliamentary Osman, 52 Heng Chee How, 56 Secretary I Senior Minister of State I Minister of State I Minister of State I Senior Minister Amrin Amin, 39 Janil Puthucheary, 45 Zaqy Mohamad, 43 I Senior Minister Sam Tan, 59 Second Second of State of State I Senior Parliamentary I Senior Parliamentary Minister Minister Edwin Tong, 48 I Senior Parliamentary I Senior Parliamentary Mohamad Maliki Bin Secretary Secretary Lawrence Indranee (with effect from Secretary Secretary Osman, 52 Sun Xueling, 39 Tan Wu Meng, 43 Wong, 45 Rajah, 55 July 1 2018) Baey Yam Keng, 47 Sun Xueling, 39 MANPOWER TRADE AND INDUSTRY HEALTH EDUCATION -
The Postcolonial Problem for Global Gay Rights
Scholarly Commons @ UNLV Boyd Law Scholarly Works Faculty Scholarship 2014 The Postcolonial Problem for Global Gay Rights Stewart Chang University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, and the Sexuality and the Law Commons Recommended Citation Chang, Stewart, "The Postcolonial Problem for Global Gay Rights" (2014). Scholarly Works. 1109. https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub/1109 This Article is brought to you by the Scholarly Commons @ UNLV Boyd Law, an institutional repository administered by the Wiener-Rogers Law Library at the William S. Boyd School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE POSTCOLONIAL PROBLEM FOR GLOBAL GAY RIGHTS Stewart Chang* A BSTRACT.......................................................... 309 INTRODUCTION . ................................................... 310 I. FRAMING GLOBAL GAY RIGHTS IN THE POSTCOLONIAL STATE: DECOLONIZATION, ILLIBERAL PRAGMATISM, AND SINGAPORE'S AMBIVALENT RELATIONSHIP WITH N EOLIBERALISM ........................................... 317 II. THE LEGAL HISTORY OF 377A AND THE WESTERNIZED CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGE ............................. 324 III. THE LIM MENG SUANG DECISION: READING ANTI- NEOLIBERAL INTENT INTO THE 2007 PARLIAMENTARY D EBATES.................................................. 328 IV. THE EMPIRE STRIKES BACK: THE AFTERIMAGES OF IMPERIALISM IN THE ANTI-NEOCOLONIAL RETENTION OF 377A................................................... 336 V. REVISITING TRADITIONAL VALUES IN THE 2007 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES: A NEW HOPE? . 344 ABSTRACT As the United States and Europe have progressed to the issue of same-sex marriage,countries that are still working through antecedent issues, such as the decriminalization of anti-sodomy laws, are regarded by internationalgay rights advocates as lagging behind the times.