Cloak and Swagger: Understanding Data Sensitivity Through the Lens of User Anonymity
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A Fine-Grained Spatial Cloaking Scheme for Privacy-Aware Users in Location-Based Services
A Fine-Grained Spatial Cloaking Scheme for Privacy-Aware Users in Location-Based Services Ben Niu∗, Qinghua Li†, Xiaoyan Zhu∗ and Hui Li∗ ∗National Key Laboratory of Integrated Networks Services, Xidian University, China †Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, AR, USA ∗[email protected], †[email protected], ∗{xyzhu, lihui}@mail.xidian.edu.cn Abstract—In Location-Based Services (LBSs) mobile users technique is very popular and can be deployed to real smart- submit location-related queries to the untrusted LBS server phones easily. Such schemes either minimize the cloaking to get service. However, such queries increasingly induce pri- region [8], [7] to reduce the system overhead, or maximize vacy concerns from mobile users. To address this problem, we propose FGcloak, a novel fine-grained spatial cloaking scheme the cloaking region [9], [14], [16] to provide better privacy. for privacy-aware mobile users in LBSs. Based on a novel use In trusted anonymization server-based schemes, a query is of modified Hilbert Curve in a particular area, our scheme submitted to the LBS server via a trusted third-party server effectively guarantees k-anonymity and at the same time provides (e.g., location anonymizer [4], [6]), which enlarges the queried σ larger cloaking region. It also uses a parameter for users location into a bigger cloaking region covering k − 1 other to make fine-grained control on the system overhead based on the resource constraints of mobile devices. Security analysis and users to achieve k-anonymity. In this way, the untrusted LBS empirical evaluation results verify the effectiveness and efficiency server cannot identify the user’s real location. -
Location Sharing Without the Central Server. a Peer-To-Peer Model for Location Sharing Services
Location sharing without the central server. A peer-to-peer model for location sharing services Dmitry Namiot Lomonosov Moscow State University Faculty of Computational Math and Cybernetics Moscow, Russia e-mail: [email protected] Abstract — This paper describes a new model for sharing often implicitly located in order to provide communication location info for mobile users. This approach can operate services (for example, route phone calls). without the need for disclosing identity info to third party Some papers mentioned also so-called unintended servers. It could be described as a safe location sharing model. recipients [3]. For example, we can mention accidental The proposed approach creates a special form of distributed recipient, illegal recipient and law enforcement. database that splits location info and identity information. In Interesting also, that in the most cases talking about LBS this distributed data store identity info is always saved locally. we assume that for a given system, the infrastructure It eliminates one of the main concerns with location-based provider needs to be trusted. In other words the need for systems – privacy. This paper describes a model itself as well as sharing location data with infrastructure providers is non- its implementation in the form of HTML5 mobile web discussable. application. In the most cases location sharing is implemented as the Keywords-lbs;mobile;HTML5;geo-coding;location sharing. ability for the mobile user (mobile phone owner) write down own location info in the some special place (special mobile application). I. INTRODUCTION But it means of course, that user must be registered in this service (download some special application). -
Cloud Computing and Related Laws
Cloud Computing and Related Laws Law Offices of Salar Atrizadeh Online Privacy In general, privacy falls under two categories: 1. Corporate privacy 2. Personal privacy Corporate Privacy . It concerns the protection of corporate data from retrieval or interception by unauthorized parties . Security is important for protection of trade secrets, proprietary information, and privileged communications . The failure to maintain confidentiality can result in a loss of “trade secret” status . See Civil Code §§ 3426 et seq. Corporate Privacy . The recent trends in outsourcing have increased the risks associated with “economic espionage” . In fact, manufacturers should be cautious when transferring proprietary technology to overseas partners because foreign governments sponsor theft . See 18 U.S.C. §§ 1831 et seq. (e.g., economic espionage, theft of trade secrets) Helpful Policies . Identify and label confidential information . Restrict access to confidential information . Use encryption – e.g., truecrypt.org, axantum.com . Use firewall and secure username/password . Use software that detects trade secret theft – e.g., safe-corp.biz . Include warnings in privileged correspondence (e.g., “this email contains privileged communications”) Helpful Policies . Provide computers without hard drives + Prohibit use of removable storage (e.g., flash drives) . Audit employee computers . Prohibit and/or monitor external web-based email services . Execute Confidentiality and Non-disclosure Agreements . Execute Computer-Use Policies Personal Privacy . Constitution . Federal: Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures . State: California Constitution, under Art. I, § 1 recognizes right to individual privacy . Federal computer crimes . Electronic Communications Privacy Act – 18 U.S.C. §§ 2510 et seq. Privacy Act – 5 U.S.C. § 552a . Computer Fraud and Abuse Act – 18 U.S.C. -
Statement on Internet Search Engines by the Spanish Data
Statement on Internet Search Engines Spanish Data Protection Agency 1st December 2007 1. The importance of search engines in information society Technology developments have opened up new possibilities of creating and accessing information on the Internet, and this situation requires that we consider the repercussions of technology on the rights of individuals—in principle, such repercussions are neutral. The Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) has taken the initiative of analysing the privacy policies of the largest global companies providing search engine services on the Internet. To this end it collected information from Google, Microsoft and Yahoo!, said information being completed via meetings with the global privacy controllers of these corporations in Europe and the United States. We must underscore the huge importance, owing to the volume of data that is processed and the characteristics of that processing, of search engine services on the Internet (hereinafter, search engines), the main function of which is to provide lists of results relating to a search, such as addresses and files stored on web serves, by entering key words, thus arranging all of the information available on the Internet and making it more accessible. In addition, search engines usually provide customised services, allowing people to register by giving an email address and a password.1 In Spain, the fact that these are sensitive issues was shown by the recent appearance of the Director of the AEPD before the Constitutional Commission of the Congress on 28th -
Privacy Seminar 2
14-2-2014 Dan Perjovschi Privacy Seminar 2. Privacy: an overview Jaap-Henk Hoepman Digital Security (DS) Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands @xotoxot // [email protected] // www.cs.ru.nl/~jhh Dan Perjovschi, 2007 Jaap-Henk Hoepman // Radboud University Nijmegen // 14-2-2014 // Privacy: an overview 2 Privacy Dimensions the right to be let alone relational privacy informational privacy / what is privacy self determination according to you? corporeal privacy locational/spatial privacy privacy spheres Jaap-Henk Hoepman // Radboud University Nijmegen // 14-2-2014 // Privacy: an overview 3 Jaap-Henk Hoepman // Radboud University Nijmegen // 14-2-2014 // Privacy: an overview 4 Don’t confuse these concepts! 7 types of privacy privacy of ● the person, security privacy ● behaviour and action, ● personal communication, ● data and image, ● thoughts and feelings, ● location and space, and data protection ● association (including group privacy). Finn, R.L., Wright, D., and Friedewald, M.: Seven types of privacy. CPDP 2012 Clarke, R.: Introduction to Dataveillance and Information Privacy, and Definitions of Terms, 1997 Jaap-Henk Hoepman // Radboud University Nijmegen // 14-2-2014 // Privacy: an overview 5 Jaap-Henk Hoepman // Radboud University Nijmegen // 14-2-2014 // Privacy: an overview 6 1 14-2-2014 Different definitons Contextual integrity The right to be let alone ● [Warren & Brandeis, 1890] Informational self-determination: The right to determine for yourself when, how and to what extend information about you is communicated to others -
Location Cloaking for Location Privacy Protection and Location Safety Protection Ge Xu Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2010 Location cloaking for location privacy protection and location safety protection Ge Xu Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Xu, Ge, "Location cloaking for location privacy protection and location safety protection" (2010). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 11628. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/11628 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Location cloaking for location privacy protection and location safety protection by Ge (Toby) Xu A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Computer Science Program of Study Committee: Ying Cai, Major Professor Ahmed Kamal Leslie Miller Wallapak Tavanapong Wensheng Zhang Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2010 ii DEDICATION To my parents and my wife - Without whose love and support I would not have been able to complete this work iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................... v ABSTRACT ....................................... vi CHAPTER1. Introduction .............................. 1 CHAPTER2. Relatedwork .............................. 4 2.1 Regulation and policy-based approaches for location dataprotection . 4 2.2 AnonymoususesofLBSs............................ 6 2.3 Non-locationexposureusesofLBS . ... 10 2.4 Trajectoryperturbation . ... 11 2.5 Trajectoryanonymization. ... 12 2.6 Privacy-aware opportunistic sensing and monitoring . ............ 13 2.7 Anonymousroutinginadhocnetworks . -
User Density and Spanal Cloaking Algorithm
QUICK DESIGN GUIDE QUICK TIPS (--THIS SECTION DOES NOT PRINT--) User Density and SpaNal Cloaking Algorithm SelecNon: (--THIS SECTION DOES NOT PRINT--) This PowerPoint 2007 template produces a 36”x48” professional poster. Improving Privacy ProtecNon of Mobile Users This PowerPoint template requires basic PowerPoint It will save you valuable time placing titles, subtitles, text, and (version 2007 or newer) skills. Below is a list of graphics. MaBhew Chan, Computer Info. Sys. Dept, Boro of ManhaBan Comm. College, CUNY commonly asked questions specific to this template. Hassan Elsherbini, Department of Computer Science, College of Staten Island, CUNY If you are using an older version of PowerPoint some Use it to create your presentation. Then send it to Xiaowen Zhang, Department of Computer Science, College of Staten Island, CUNY template features may not work properly. PosterPresentations.com for premium quality, same day affordable printing. Using the template ABSTRACT We provide a series of online tutorials that will guide you through the poster design process and answer your poster production questions. Verifying the quality of your graphics Data sharing and privacy protection of mobile users have always been a challenge Go to the VIEW menu and click on ZOOM to set your View our online tutorials at: to research and development, as well as commercial and enterprise deployment of preferred magnification. This template is at 100% the size of the final poster. All text and graphics will http://bit.ly/Poster_creation_help the Global Positioning System (GPS) and location-based mobile applications. The (copy and paste the link into your web browser). be printed at 100% their size. -
Universal Location Referencing and Homomorphic Evaluation of Geospatial Query
1 Universal Location Referencing and Homomorphic Evaluation of Geospatial Query Asma Aloufi, Peizhao Hu, Hang Liu, and Sherman S. M. Chow Abstract—Location data is an important piece of contextual information in location-driven features for geosocial and pervasive computing applications. In this paper, we propose to geo-hash locations using space-filling curves, which are dimension reduction techniques that preserve locality. The proposed location referencing method is agnostic to specific maps or precoded location models and can effectively preserve users’ location privacy based on user preferences. We employ post-quantum-secure encryption on location data and privacy preferences to minimize the risk of data leakage. We also design three algorithms to homomorphically compute geospatial queries on the encrypted location data without revealing either user locations or user preferences. One of the three proposed algorithms reduces the multiplicative depth by more than half; thus, significantly speeding up homomorphic computations. We then present a prototype of the proposed system and algorithms using a somewhat homomorphic encryption scheme and our optimization techniques. A systematic evaluation of the prototype demonstrates its utility in spatial cloaking. Index Terms—Location privacy, Geohashing, Spatial cloaking, Homomorphic encryption F 1 INTRODUCTION location of identification [11], and solutions based on statisti- cal privacy, which obfuscate location data but allow statistical Location data is an enabler in location-based services (LBS) computation [12]. A trusted server is required in many of these and applications (apps), such as social network apps and dating solutions to perform anonymization, obfuscation, or resolution apps [1], [2]. The position of a user or the user’s proximity to reduction via spatial cloaking [13], [14]. -
Spatial Cloaking Algorithm for Location Privacy Preservation
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 4, April-2014 619 ISSN 2229-5518 Spatial Cloaking algorithm for location privacy preservation. Suchita R. Shastry, Dr. A. B. Bagwan, Department of Computer Engineering, University of Pune. Abstract -Location based Servers (LBS) include services to identify a location also responsible for answering the queries, may disclose user’s sensitive information. Mobile users expect to access services relevant to their locations, and also want preserve their privacy without disclosing their exact location. The spatial cloaking method provides way the where the location of the user get blurred. Location Anomymizing Server (LAS) is trusted third party which cloaks the user’s location and sends to LBS. Peer to peer network (P2P), communication between the peers becomes time consuming and communication overhead. In this paper we have proposed the method where instead of communicating with peers, user directly communicates with LBS. Also mobile client is directly communicating with LBS without the interference of third party trusted server, location Anonymizing server (LAS). In this paper, we have presented two algorithms where first algorithm which where the LBS provide the direct list of in ascending order. The second algorithm for query processing generates the region of different shapes. Hence adversary cannot disclose the user’s exact location. Index terms -Location Based Service (LBS), Location Anonymizing Server (LAS), Privacy Preserving, Spatial Cloaking, k- anonymity. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1. INTRODUCTION Wi-Fi access points. A LBS database server provides 1.1 Location Based Services tailored and personalized services to users in GPS-enabled mobile phones and palm-tops, has lead to accordance with their precise location information. -
Thesis.Pdf (2.311Mb)
Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education c Google or privacy, the inevitable trade-off Haydar Jasem Mohammad Master’s thesis in Media and documentation science … September 2019 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 The problem ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research questions ..................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Keywords ................................................................................................................... 2 2 Theoretical background ...................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Google in brief ........................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Google through the lens of exploitation theory .......................................................... 4 2.2.1 Exploitation ................................................................................................ 4 2.2.2 The commodification Google’s prosumers ................................................ 5 2.2.3 Google’s surveillance economy ................................................................. 7 2.2.4 Behaviour prediction .................................................................................. 8 2.2.5 Google’s ‘playbor’ -
Location Privacy with Road Network Mix-Zones
Location Privacy with Road network Mix-zones Balaji Palanisamy, Ling Liu, Kisung Lee, Aameek Singh† and Yuzhe Tang College of Computing, Georgia Tech †IBM Research - Almaden Abstract— Mix-zones are recognized as an alternative and the location privacy of mobile clients [13], [2]. complementary approach to spatial cloaking based approach to Location privacy is a particular type of information privacy. location privacy protection. Mix-zones break the continuity of According to [5], location privacy is defined as the ability to location exposure by ensuring that users’ movements cannot be traced while they reside in a mix-zone. In this paper we provide prevent other unauthorized parties from learning one’s current an overview of various known attacks that make mix-zones on or past location. In LBSs, there are conceivably two types of road networks vulnerable and illustrate a set of counter measures location privacy − personal subscriber level privacy and corpo- to make road network mix-zones attack resilient. Concretely, we rate enterprise-level privacy. Personal subscriber-level privacy categorize the vulnerabilities of road network mix-zones into must supply rights and options to individuals to control when, two classes: one due to the road network characteristics and user mobility, and the other due to the temporal, spatial and why, and how their location is used by an application. With semantic correlations of location queries. For instance, the timing personal subscriber-level privacy, each individual has liberties information of users’ entry and exit into a mix-zone provides to “opt in” and “opt out” of services that take advantage information to launch a timing attack. -
The Problem of the Human Flesh Search Engine
ONLINE PRIVACY AND ONLINE SPEECH: THE PROBLEM OF THE HUMAN FLESH SEARCH ENGINE Weiwei Shen* I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 268 II. THE HUMAN FLESH SEARCH ENGINE AND THE WANG FEI CASE ...................................................................................... 272 A. Why the Human Flesh Search Engine Is Popular in China ................................................................................ 272 B. The Wang Fei Case .......................................................... 276 III. BALANCING PRIVACY AND FREE SPEECH ................................ 282 A. Privacy in the Digital Age................................................ 285 B. Speech: Moving from the Offline World to the Online World ............................................................................... 286 C. Speech about Private Individuals and of Private Concern vis-a-vis Speech about Public Officials and of Public Concern ................................................................ 289 IV. REPERCUSSIONS AND REMEDIES IN AMERICAN LAW .............. 293 A. Various Repercussions Against Victims in the Human Flesh Search Engine ........................................................ 293 B. Torts Remedies in American Law .................................... 294 V. POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR REGULATING THE HUMAN FLESH SEARCH ENGINE ..................................................................... 299 VI. CONCLUSION..........................................................................