CHARACTERISATION STUDY

BILSTON CORRIDOR AREA ACTION PLAN EXTENSIONS

May 2013

Paul Quigley Landscape Archaeologist Archaeology

CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 4

2.0 METHODOLOGY ...... 6

3.0 EXTENSIVE AREA ASSESSMENT ...... 7

3.1 Introduction 3.2 Bradley Inner 3.3 Bradley Outer 3.4 Hilton Trading Estate 3.5 Lunt - East 3.6 Lunt - Estate 3.7 Lunt – West 3.8 Lunt - Road 3.9 North of High Street 3.10 Thompson Ave 3.11 Wellington Road

4.0 INTENSIVE AREA ASSESSMENT ...... 41

4.1 Introduction 4.2 Bradley Canal Character Zone

5.0 SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS ...... 52

6.0 MAPS ...... 53

7.0 REFERENCES ...... 57

8.0 ANNEXES ...... 58

Annexe 1: Anchor Category Definitions Annexe 2: Anchor Buildings and Sites Annexe 3: Other Heritage Assets

TABLES: Table 1: Character Zones by Number of Anchor Buildings & Sites

Front Cover: The view from Upper Bradley towards

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Acknowledgements

This study benefited from the comments and suggestions from a number of individuals. Especially in relation to the history of Bradley, the comments made by Ron Davies, Reverend Raphael Duckett and John Goalby have been very useful. Thanks are also due to Black Country Memories Club for helping me publicise the study and to the Canal and River Trust for providing information on their assets in Bradley. Lastly, I am also grateful for the comments made by colleagues at City Council Historic Environment Team, Mike Shaw and Sue Whitehouse. Responsibility for any errors in the report lies squarely with the author. Additional photographs used in the report have been kindly provided by Wolverhampton Archives and Local Studies.

Paul Quigley Landscape Archaeologist

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the study

1.1.1 The characterisation study was commissioned by Wolverhampton City Council Planning Services to guide regeneration in the area covered by the Bilston Corridor Area Action Plan (AAP).

1.1.2 The study arises from extensions to the boundary of the Bilston Corridor AAP. These extensions came about after the original study of the historic character of the area had already been completed (in 2009). This study adds to the 2009 findings and informs the final AAP.

1.1.3 The study aims to assess the historic character and local distinctiveness of the area. It also makes recommendations to make sure that any heritage assets (i.e. buildings of historic importance or interest, or which add to the character of the area) are taken into account in any redevelopment.

1.2 The Study Areas

1.2.1 A plan of the five separate study areas is shown in Figure 1. This also illustrates the distribution of land-use according to the Black Country Historic Landscape Characterisation, a desk-based survey of the area based on 2000 data. It shows that the five areas are all on the edge of a broad swathe of industrial land extending South West from Wolverhampton city centre, the transformation of the latter being the basis of the Bilston Corridor AAP.

Figure 1 The Study Areas (Outlined in Black) Showing Land Use Patterns in 2000 (Source: Black Country Historic Landscape Characterisation)

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1.2.2 The study areas are essentially residential in broad character, with the exception of Hilton Trading Estate which, as its name implies, has its origins in a 20th century industrial development.

1.2.3 Two of the study areas are immediately adjacent to the boundaries of the Bilston Town Centre Conservation Area and another (Bradley, the southernmost) has, at the time of writing, part of its area within a proposed Conservation Area. There is one statutorily listed building within the study areas.

1.3 The Structure of the Report

1.3.1 Following details of the way in which this study has been conducted (Section 2), the report describes the findings of an extensive area assessment (Section 3) covering all the study areas with the exception of part of Bradley. This exception is instead subject of a more detailed intensive area assessment (described in Section 4).

1.3.2 Section 5 provides some concluding remarks while Section 6, 7 and 8 contain further more detailed information in the form of maps, references, and annexes.

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2.0 METHODOLOGY

2.1.1 The study was based on that used by CgMs in 2009 which, in turn, was based on an approached developed by English Heritage for use in Housing Market Renewal Areas.

2.1.2 The study can be broken down into five key phases as follows.

2.1.3 A desk-based assessment was carried out to consult the substantial amount of information which already existed (as either primary or secondary sources) for the study areas in terms of history, heritage and local character. This included consultation of the Wolverhampton Historic Environment Record as well as historic and modern mapping.

2.1.4 At the same time a process of advance consultation took place with selected individuals and organisations with an interest in the area. Individuals contacted included: Ron Davies, Rev. Raphael Duckett, John Goalby, and Tom Larkin. Organisations contacted included: Black Countries Memories Club and Bilston Historical Society. In addition, a contribution was made to events arranged to consult on the AAP at St. Martin’s Church, Bradley (on 7 February 2013) and Bilston Town Hall (on 15 February 2013).

2.1.5 An extensive area assessment was carried out over the study areas involving note-taking and photography in the field. The areas were analysed in terms of a set of Character Zones and this allowed the identification of an area where intensive area assessment would be beneficial.

2.1.6 Intensive area assessment was conducted in one selected Character Zone.

2.1.7 A report-writing phase included the creation of digital mapped records in a GIS (Geographic Information System) of Character Zones, Anchor Buildings and Sites and Heritage Assets. The definition of Anchor Buildings and Sites is the one adopted for the CgMs study in 2009 (referred to above). A summary of the definitions is included in Annexe 1 of this report, but a longer discussion of the three categories is included in the first part of the CgMs report, which is available on the Wolverhampton City Council website (see Section 7.0 below).

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3.0 EXTENSIVE AREA ASSESSMENT

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 For the purposes of the study, the Extensive Area Assessment divided the five study areas into eleven Character Zones. The map below illustrates the location of all Character Zones.

Figure 2 Map of Character Zones

3.1.2 The boundaries of these Character Zones were drawn in relation to their generalised character. They are generally co-terminous with groups of existing polygons created by the Black Country Historic Landscape Characterisation (BCHLC). The exceptions to this are in cases where the boundary of one of the study areas itself bisected a BCHLC polygon or where new information has necessitated a modification of the interpretation of the surviving landscape arrived at by the BCHLC (which is based on the landscape as it existed in 2000).

3.1.3 The scope of this study allowed for one Character Zone to be the subject of an Intensive Area Assessment. The Extensive area Assessment identified that Intensive Area Assessment would be appropriate in Bradley Canal Character Zone. The basis of this decision is explained in Section 4, taking account of the number of Anchor Buildings and Sites within each area (see Table 1 below).

3.1.4 The distribution of Anchor Buildings and Sites is detailed in Table 1 below. There are no Category 1 Buildings and all of the Category 1 Sites are in one the three Bradley Character Zones, as illustrated by Figure 2. As a result of its selection for Intensive Area Assessment, Bradley Canal Character Zone is discussed in Section 4.0.

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3.1.5 The selection of one Character Zone for Intensive Area Assessment within the terms of this study should not be understood to imply that the remaining Character Zones would not benefit from further investigation.

Table 1: Character Zones by Number of Anchor Buildings & Sites

Category of Anchor Building or Site: Character Zone 1 2 3 Total Bradley Canal 3 7 - 10

Bradley Inner 1 3 1 5

Bradley Outer 1 3 - 5 Nth of Bilston High St - 12 2 14 Lunt West - 7 3 10 - Wellington Road - 7 7 Thompson Ave - 1 - 1 Hilton Trading - - - - Lunt East ------Lunt Estate Lunt Willenhall Rd - - - -

3.1.6 Each Character Zone identified is briefly summarised below, each summary detailing elements of the local built environment that make a positive contribution to its character and/or which could serve as an ‘anchor for regeneration and redevelopment proposals.

3.1.7 Each of the Zone summaries includes a plan showing its boundaries.

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Figure 3 Category 1 Anchor Sites in Bradley

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3.2 Bradley Inner

Figure 4 Walter Road, Bradley 3.2.1 This Zone is largely an area of interwar council housing and a locally-listed municipal park. Unlike most of Bradley the housing is contemporary with the streets and has not been replaced. The northern end of the Zone includes remnants of the 19th century townscape and the site of the former Anglican Church.

Historic Context and Archaeological Potential 3.2.2. The Zone falls almost entirely within the land owned by Wilkinson in the late c18 (hence ‘Wilkinson Avenue’) and during that time was generally put to industrial use. It is some of the land in Bradley most recently developed for (first use as) housing. 3.2.3. The area’s previous industrial associations show themselves in the fabric of the surviving landscape: slag left from the local iron industry exists in the mounds underneath Coronation park (and the nearby Wilkinson primary school grounds), in a retaining wall, (reputedly) in the materials used to build the interwar housing on Wilkinson Avenue, and the foundations of the church building. Figure 5 Bradley before the demolition of St Martin's Church 3.2.4 There are seven records already on the Wolverhampton HER. However it is recommended that the following two features are also included in the HER: Route alignment (A2); Garden (A30)

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Existing Designations 3.2.5 There are no statutorily listed buildings in the Zone and no part of the area is designated as a conservation area. Coronation Park (originally Memorial Park) is a locally listed structure. 3.2.6 There are three other buildings on the Wolverhampton HER: St Martin’s Church; the Edwardian house Innisfallen; and the Victorian houses at 24-26 King Street.

Other Buildings and Sites (Categories 1-3) 3.2.7 St Martin’s Church (14) Now used as a church the building was for a long time used as a school and is contemporary with the now demolished church built in 1866. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL593/

Figure 6 St Martin's Church in 2013

3.2.8 24-26 King Street (13) Large Victorian semis retaining many original features, mouldings, stained glass window lights etc. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL632/ Google Street View: http://goo.gl/maps/h2Ble

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3.2.9 Innisfallen, 32 King Street (12) A large Edwardian detached house retaining many original features. It was listed in 1916 as the residence of the Bradley-born science fiction author Walter Hughes. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL633/

Figure 7 Innisfallen

3.2.10 Coronation Park, Wilkinson Avenue (11) Established by Bilston Council in 1920, now locally listed. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL742/

3.2.11 Clinker Retaining Wall, Wilkinson Avenue (15) A high retaining wall on the edge of Coronation Park adds distinctive local character to the street.

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Figure 8 Clinker Retaining Wall, Wilkinson Avenue

Recommendations 3.2.12 Any development of the area should seek to retain and/or enhance the surviving industrial remains which enrich the area’s distinctive character and emphasise the important Eighteenth and Nineteenth century local history. 3.2.13 Particularly in the case of the south of the Character Zone, any future development should be preceded by an archaeological assessment of the potential for significant deposits relating to the Eighteenth century iron industry and the residence of John Wilkinson.

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3.3 Bradley Outer

Figure 9 Late Twentieth Century Housing in Bradley

3.3.1 This Zone contains all of the post-war twentieth century housing built in the area. The majority of the properties were built as council houses. The Zone is distinguished from the area of generally older housing to its east and, beyond that the more open landscape of the Bradley Arm Canal. 3.3.2 The south of the Zone contains the slopes of Upper Bradley, itself one of the highest points in the south-west of Wolverhampton and the surrounding Black Country (see cover image). This area contains a 20th century cemetery, open land and the remains of a disused railway.

Historic Context and Archaeological Potential 3.3.3. Most of the housing was built on a pre-existing network of streets originating in the 19th century or earlier. Although most of the area has historically been part of Bilston, a section of the south and west of the Zone Figure 10 the Former Queens Picture House (Wolverhampton Archives & would have been Local Studies) transferred from Coseley during local government re-organisation. This would have included much of the settlement of Daisy Bank.

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3.3.4 There are eight records already on the Wolverhampton HER. However it is recommended that the following four features are also included in the HER: Property boundary (A3); Former Railway (A4), Residence of J Wilkinson (A14); Ironworkers’ housing (A44).

Existing Designations 3.3.5 There are no statutorily listed buildings in the Zone and no part of the area is designated as a conservation area. The triangle snooker club (formerly Queens Picture House) on Highfields Road is a locally listed structure. 3.3.6 There are two other surviving structures on the Wolverhampton HER: 50 Hall Green Street and 24 Baker Road.

Other Buildings and Sites (Categories 1-3) 3.3.7 Open Space, Brierley Lane / Daisy Street (16) A large area of green space most of which is a south-facing slope of open land currently used for grazing. In its west the space incorporates a tree lined area which was the north-south route of the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton railway. The space provides walking routes through the Zone as well as high panoramas of the landscape to the south and west.

Figure 11 Open Space, Daisy Street

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3.3.8 Former Queens Picture House (17) A former cinema in red brick and terra-cotta. Built as The Queen's Picture house, it opened in 1921 and ceased to show films during the summer of 1964. Bingo sustained the building until it became The Triangle Snooker Club. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL619/

Figure 12 The Former Queens Picture House in 2013

3.3.9 126 Highfields Road (Proposed 12) This building appears to have been present on all four editions of the Ordnance Survey County Series, suggesting mid nineteenth century origins. Google Street View http://goo.gl/maps/oTAId

Figure 13 126 Highfields Road

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3.3.10 Methodist Church Hall, Hall Green Street (19) Labelled as a Sunday school on maps in the first half of the twentieth century, the building appears to originate in the last couple of decades of the nineteenth century. The more modern chapel next door is the location of the surviving cast iron pulpit made by John Wilkinson in the eighteenth century, moved from the older chapel building (on the same site) when the latter was demolished. Google Street View http://goo.gl/maps/YRoS1

Figure 14 Methodist Church Hall, Hall Green Street

Recommendations 3.3.11 Particularly in the case of the central part of the Character Zone, any future development should be preceded by an archaeological assessment of the potential for significant deposits relating to the residence of John Wilkinson. 3.3.12 In the case of the open space between Brierley Lane and Daisy Street there is much potential for improving its recreational and visual amenity. In particular, the frontage to Brierley Lane (below, left) and linking more tangibly to the route of the former railway, which continues to the north as a walkway (below, right).

Figure 16 Brierley Lane, North Side Figure 15 The Former Railway, West of Daisy Street

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3.4 Hilton Trading Estate

Figure 17 The Entrance to the Estate on Hilton Road

3.4.1 This Zone contains an industrial estate established in the mid-20th century on former colliery land. The road is at the western edge of the Zone—the eastern part of the Zone is rough, open land and the southern section consists of playing fields.

Historic Context and Archaeological Potential 3.4.2. The Zone was previously within a large expanse of former extractive land lying between Parkfield and collieries. 3.4.3 There is one record relating to this Zone already on the Wolverhampton HER. However it is recommended that the following five features are also included in the HER: Clay pits (two) (A41 & A42); Tramways (three) (A39, A43 & A52).

Existing Designations 3.4.4 There are no statutorily or locally listed buildings in the Zone and no part of the area is designated as a conservation area. 3.4.5 There are also no surviving buildings or above-ground structures on the Wolverhampton HER.

Other Buildings and Sites (Categories 1-3) 3.4.6 There were no buildings or sites identified in categories 1, 2 or 3.

Recommendations 3.4.7 The Zone contains the former routes of several industrial tramways. Any future development should be preceded by an archaeological assessment of the potential for surviving archaeology.

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3.5 Zone 32 - Lunt East

Figure 18 Houses on Wrenbury Drive 3.5.1 This Zone contains a mixture of (mostly) 21st century housing and open land. It is bounded by Lane in the north, the interwar Lunt Estate in the west and the A463 (and associated pedestrian/cycleway) along its south-eastern edge. A community centre lies in the far south of the Zone and an area of water (above) in its centre.

Figure 19 Children Playing on in the 1920s (Wolverhampton Archives & Local Studies)

Historic Context and Archaeological Potential 3.5.2 The Zone has played an important part in the industrial history of Bilston (and to a lesser extent Willenhall, just beyond its northern boundary). In the 19th century extractive and other industries were characteristic of the area and left a substantial legacy of waste in the local environment, really only now being reclaimed for more positive uses in the 21st century.

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3.5.3 At the start of this study no archaeological features were recorded in the Wolverhampton HER for this area. However it is recommended that the following nine features are also included in the HER: Clay pits (two) (A18 & A20); Willenhall Branch Canal (A19); Tramways (Three) (A21, A24 & A28); Barn Farm colliery (A22); Pottery works (A23); The Lunt colliery (A25)

Existing Designations 3.5.4 There are no statutorily or locally listed buildings in the Zone and no part of the area is designated as a conservation area. 3.5.5 There are also no surviving buildings or above-ground structures on the Wolverhampton HER.

Other Buildings and Sites (Categories 1-3) 3.5.6 There were no buildings or sites identified in categories 1, 2 or 3.

Recommendations 3.4.7 Any future development should be preceded by an archaeological assessment of the potential for significant deposits relating to the former Branch Canal.

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3.6 Zone 33 - Lunt Estate

Figure 20 Interwar housing in 2013 3.6.1 This Zone contains a large housing estate built by Bilston Urban District Council in the 1920s and 1930s. Some of the original housing has been replaced and that which remains has had its appearance substantially altered.

Historic Context and Archaeological Potential 3.6.2. The Zone has a history of coal extraction followed by, in the late 19th century as an area of allotment gardens (reflected in some of the surviving street names). 3.6.3. The municipal housing represents one of the first large council estates in the area, and also one of the first to face the challenge of re-using derelict colliery land. 3.6.4 At the start of this study no archaeological features were recorded in the Wolverhampton HER for this area. However it is recommended that the following feature is included in the HER: Tramway (A26).

Existing Designations 3.6.5 There are no statutorily or locally listed buildings in the Zone and no part of the area is designated as a conservation area. There are also no surviving buildings or above-ground structures on the Wolverhampton HER.

Figure 21 Lunt Road in the 1970s (Wolverhampton Archives & Local Studies)

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Other Buildings and Sites (Categories 1-3) 3.6.4 There were no buildings or sites identified in categories 1, 2 or 3.

Recommendations 3.6.5 It is recommended that any new housing in the Zone should complement the form and materials of the existing stock.

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3.7 Lunt West

Figure 22 Fraser Street 3.7.1 This Zone includes the oldest developed part of the four Lunt Character Zones and the part closest to the centre of Bilston (to the south west). It is bounded by the line of Mount Pleasant/Willenhall Road in the north, the Black Country Route in the south and the Lunt Estate to the east. Most of the area is residential streets with more open land provided by the grounds of two schools and, in the south, the premises of Bilston Town football club.

Historic Context and Archaeological Potential 3.7.2. The existing routes were substantially added to by the cross of Edwardian streets (Ashley Street / Fraser Street) and their surviving terraced properties. A further interwar street (Newbolt Road) of council houses and four cul-de-sacs off Beckett Street increased the housing stock in the later twentieth century. 3.7.3 There are ten records already on the Wolverhampton HER. However it is recommended that the following two features are also included in the HER: Tramway (A27); Berold Cottages (A31)

Existing Designations 3.7.4 There are no statutorily listed buildings in the Zone and no part of the area is designated as a conservation area. Two pub buildings are locally listed: The Oak and Ivy on Oxford Street and the Samson and Lion on Newbolt Road.

3.7.5 There are three other surviving buildings which appear on the Wolverhampton HER: numbers 59, 68-80, and 77-81 Mount Pleasant; and 33 and 33a Ashley Street.

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Other Buildings and Sites (Categories 1-3) 3.7.6 The Oak and Ivy Public House, Oxford Street (21) An inter-war brick-faced public house in a prominent position at the entrance to Bilston town centre. Locally listed. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL5689/

Figure 23 The Oak and Ivy Public House

3.7.7 The Samson and Lion Public House (20) A modest inter-war pub, badly altered by rendering and plastic windows. It retains an attractive pedimented entranceway. Locally listed, now disused. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL5695/

Figure 24 The Samson and Lion Public House

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3.7.8 77-81 Mount Pleasant (22) A two-storey shop in red brick with a later two-, and large single-storey extension alongside Newbolt Road. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL520/

Figure 25 77-81 Mount Pleasant

3.7.9 Terrace, Ashley Street (24) Early twentieth century terraced housing retaining many original features Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collec tions/getrecord/WOHER_MBL636/

3.7.10 68-80 Mount Pleasant (23) A row of late nineteenth century terraced houses built to suit a corner site. Shows an imaginative use of gables for decoration. Some have lost their original windows and front Figure 26 Terraced Housing on Ashley Street doors. A pleasant group with some value, albeit diminished by alterations Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL649/

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3.7.11 59 Mount Pleasant (25) End terrace which retains all of its original fittings, stained glass top lights etc., including an oval, stained glass, leaded hall light on the Ashley Street wall in a very prominent position. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/coll ections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL65 0/

3.7.12 Boundary walls, fence and gate piers, Fraser Street/Ashley Street (27) (Pictured at the top of section 3.7) Google Street View http://goo.gl/maps/th2Ve

3.7.13 Clinker Boundary Walls, Queen Street and Beckett Street (29 & 28) Iron slag walls add to the character Figure 27 59 Mount Pleasant of local streets. The former is probably interwar, while the larger is larger and probably older. Google Street Views http://goo.gl/maps/DxN5r http://goo.gl/maps/Fhmqg

Figure 29 Clinker Wall, Queen Street Figure 28 Clinker Wall, Beckett Street

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3.7.14 Berold Cottages (26) A pair of early 20th century houses which add positively to the character of the frontages on Beckett Street. Google Street View http://goo.gl/maps/ftTxG

Figure 30 Berold Cottages, Beckett Street

Recommendations 3.7.15 Future development of the Zone should aim to preserve and enhance the two locally-listed public houses, particularly the Samson and Lion which should be brought back into use.

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3.8 Lunt - Willenhall Road

Figure 31 Willenhall Road 3.8.1 Centred on the intersection of two relatively old routes (Willenhall Road and Darlaston Lane), this Zone is unusual among the residential areas considered in this study in so far as it consists of exclusively private-sector development. The buildings are largely interwar semi-detached and detached properties—a small minority were added in the later 20th century.

Historic Context and Archaeological Potential 3.8.2. In 1900 this Zone contained no buildings at all, consisting of two routes through a landscape of old colliery shafts and extractive waste. Indeed early 19th century maps mark the north of the area as The Waste (although this may have different, medieval significance). Historically this area would have straddled the parish boundary between Bilston and Willenhall. Willenhall Road and Darlaston Lane are names associated with the area’s reinvention for residential purposes – these routes were previously Cold Lane and Throttle Goose Lane respectively. 3.8.3 There are no records for this Zone on the Wolverhampton HER.

Existing Designations 3.8.4 There are no statutorily or locally listed buildings in the Zone and no part of the area is designated as a conservation area. There are also no surviving buildings or above-ground structures on the Wolverhampton HER.

Other Buildings and Sites (Categories 1-3) 3.8.5 There were no buildings or sites identified in categories 1, 2 or 3.

Recommendations 3.8.6 It is recommended that any new housing in the Zone should complement the form and materials of the existing stock.

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3.9 North of Bilston High Street

Figure 32 Looking North on Tadmore Close

3.9.1 This Zone is bounded by Hickman Park in the North West, the cutting used by the Midland Metro line in the north (including the Crescent station) and Wolverhampton Street in the South West. 3.9.2 The street layout is generally from the 19th century, but in the south of the Zone the Victorian streets have been replaced in the late 20th century and a network of pleasant, tree-lined walkways provide access to the post-war housing, much of which is Council-built.

Historic Context and Archaeological Potential 3.9.3 Although some elements of the landscape have earlier origins (notably the route of Wolverhampton Street) the 19th century was most important in forming the older elements of this area. Hickman Park itself was an early 20th century addition. 3.9.4 There are ten records already on the Wolverhampton HER.

Existing Designations 3.9.5 No part of the Zone is currently designated as a conservation area but there is one statutorily listed building: the early 19th century house Hatherleigh (pictured below) which also has a building at the rear which may have been an associated brewery.

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Other Buildings and Sites (Categories 1-3) 3.9.6 Hatherleigh (38) A two storey listed house dating from the 1820s with a possible former brewery surviving at the rear. Map location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/coll ections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL4 98/

3.9.7 Bethesda Chapel (37) Large building occupying a corner position. Now New Life Fellowship. Map location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/coll Figure 33 Hatherleigh ections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL5 92/

Figure 34 Former Bethesda Chapel

3.9.8 Sikh Temple (36) A former school and head teachers house. Built as St Edwards Schools in 1858. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL602/

Figure 35 Guru Nanak Gurdwara

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3.9.9 Offices, Wolverhampton Street (35) Two-storey interwar offices connected to the adjoining foundry. A very characterful moulding around the main entrance Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL610/

Figure 36 Offices on Wolverhampton Street

3.9.10 Industrial Building, Green Croft (34) Three-storey industrial building in reinforced concrete with red brick panels. Visible from several parts of the Character Zone. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL615/

Figure 37 Industrial Building, Greencroft

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3.9.11 Unemployment Exchange, Broad Street (33) A two-storey building in red brick with reconstituted stone doorways and detailing. Built in 1930 with the G P O style of that period, it was originally a Ministry of Labour employment exchange. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL627/

Figure 38 Former Employment Exchange

3.10.12 Rose Villas, Broad Street (32) Two-storey terraced houses in red brick built on a corner site. Retains many original features and has a very striking and unusual tower on the Shale/ Broad Street corner. It appears on a map of 1880s. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/colle ctions/getrecord/WOHER_MBL646 /

Figure 39 Rose Villas

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3.9.13 St Edwards Nursery, Wolverhampton Street (31) Former infants school in brick, built in late nineteenth century Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL784/

Figure 40 St Edwards Nursery

3.9.14 Clinker walls, Broad Street (42 and 43) Iron slag walls possibly contemporary with the establishment of Hickman Park in the early twentieth century—the latter being one of its retaining walls. Google Street View http://goo.gl/maps/b86GU and http://goo.gl/maps/Hp6FU

Figure 41 Clinker Walls on Broad Street

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3.9.15 35 Shale Street (39) Late nineteenth century terraced house with arched vehicular access from Shale Street implying an industrial use of the out buildings at the rear. Census records do not provide details of what this might have been. Google Street View http://goo.gl/maps/ccjgV

Figure 42 35 Shale Street

3.9.16 Bilston Council Houses, Shale Street (40) Six pairs of semi-detached ‘parlour type’ houses, built by Bilston Urban District as part of its programme of post-war reconstruction in the period 1945-60. Believed to be locally distinctive and may have links to the use by Bilston Council of Austrian modernist architects. Similar to locally listed properties on Lawley Road and to those on the north side of Bradley Lane and east side of Great Bridge Road (all outside the geographic scope of this study). Google Street View http://goo.gl/maps/FSfY3

Figure 43 Bilston Council Houses, Shale Street

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3.9.17 Industrial Building, Wolverhampton Street (41) Surviving frontage of industrial building, which historic mapping suggest is probably Edwardian. Adds character to the appearance of Wolverhampton Street. The rear of the building appears to have been substantially altered. Marked Metalcast (Bilston) Ltd. Google Street View http://goo.gl/maps/yPJPZ

Figure 44 Industrial Building, Wolverhampton Street

Recommendations 3.9.18 Although no Category 1 Anchor Buildings/Sites have been identified within this Character Zone it nevertheless contains a wide range of important buildings and structures which give the Zone a rich character, much of which relates to the Zone’s development in the 19th and early/mid 20th century. In ‘Hatherleigh’ it also includes the only listed building in any of the eleven Zones considered in this study. 3.9.19 Any development should preserve or enhance these buildings and structures for their heritage value and/or the character they bring to the Zone.

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3.10 Thompson Ave

Figure 45 Thompson Avenue Open Space 3.10.1 This Zone incudes an area of open space and allotment gardens adjacent to the line of the Birmingham Road. The surrounding housing (which backs on to the open land) was, in general, built as council stock from the 1920s onwards.

Historic Context and Archaeological Potential 3.10.2. This area was previously colliery land until the creation of the route of the Birmingham Road prompted its redevelopment in the 1920s. The housing in the east of the Zone is later – possibly late 1930s or 1940s. 3.10.3 There are two records relating to this Zone already on the Wolverhampton HER. However it is recommended that the following two features are also included in the HER: Tramways (A37 & A38).

Existing Designations 3.10.4 There are no statutorily or locally listed buildings in the Zone and no part of the area is designated as a conservation area. 3.10.5 There are also no surviving buildings on the Wolverhampton HER, although the (now demolished) Black Horse Public House in the south of the Zone had been recorded. The open land and allotments are recorded on the HER.

Other Buildings and Sites (Categories 1-3) 3.10.6 There were no buildings or sites identified in categories 1, 2 or 3.

Recommendations 3.10.7 It is recommended that any new housing in the Zone should complement the form and materials of the existing stock.

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3.11 Wellington Road

Figure 46 The South Side of Wellington Road 3.11.1 This small Zone incudes the south side of Wellington Road, the principle road route into Bilston Town Centre from Wolverhampton. The Zone stretches for more than 500m between Broad Street in the west and Proud’s Lane in the east and backs on to the cutting occupied by the Midland Metro line.

Historic Context and Archaeological Potential 3.11.2 This section of Wellington Road was built as part of a new approach to Bilston from Wolverhampton sometime between 1816 and 1834, bypassing Bilston High Street and markets. Most of the surviving buildings are late 19th Figure 47 Health Clinic, Wellington Road (Wolverhampton century. Archives & Local Studies)

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Existing Designations 3.11.3 There are no statutorily listed buildings in the Zone and no part of the area is designated as a conservation area. The former health clinic at the junction with Proud’s Lane (archive image above) is a locally listed building. 3.11.5 Aside from the Wellington Road itself, there are two other surviving structures on the Wolverhampton HER: 4-8 and 13 Wellington Road.

Other Buildings and Sites (Categories 1-3) 3.11.4 Lyndale, 13 Wellington Road (47) A two-storey, late nineteenth century detached house and former doctor’s surgery. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL645/ Google Street View http://goo.gl/maps/TPQGo

3.11.5 4-8 Wellington Road (46) A terrace of three two-storey shops, present on the Ordnance Survey map of the 1880s. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL962/

Figure 48 4-8 Wellington Road

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3.11.8 Former Heath Clinic, Wellington Road (45) Signed as Bilston Community Association this corner property was built in the late 1930s as a health clinic (see archive picture above). Architects were Lyons, Israel & Ellis. Locally listed. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL1050/

Figure 49 Former Health Clinic, Proud's Lane/Wellington Road

3.11.9 146 Wellington Road (48) Large, late nineteenth century two-story house in a prominent corner position (with Broad Street). Brick with upper part rendered. Adds considerably to the Victorian character of this part of Wellington Road. Boundary walls and brick out building may be contemporary. Google Street View http://goo.gl/maps/9GDt2

3.11.10 110-144 Wellington Road (49) A terrace of late nineteenth century houses with bay windows over two storeys. Google Street View http://goo.gl/maps/Tk98h

Figure 50 100-144 Wellington Road

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3.11.11 42-48 Wellington Road (50) A terrace of four three-storey properties which appear to date from the mid nineteenth century—they are present on a map of the 1880s. Their imposing position and original features add much to the character of Wellington Road and Arthur Street. Google Street View http://goo.gl/maps/E1stv

Figure 51 24-38 Wellington Road

3.11.13 24-38 Wellington Road (51) Terrace of late nineteenth century houses dating from the 1880s or 90s. (Pictured above, at start of 3.11) Google Street View http://goo.gl/maps/h72ut

Recommendations 3.11.14 Although small in area, this Zone includes several buildings of historic interest and which add significant character to the Wellington Road, although the condition of some of them is not necessarily good. This Zone abuts the Bilston Town Centre Conservation Area to the South West. The southern end of the Zone (including Anchor Buildings 45, 46, 47, 50 and 51 should be assessed for inclusion within the Conservation Area.

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4.0 INTENSIVE AREA ASSESSMENT

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 The Intensive Area Assessment represents a more detailed description of one Character Zone identified during the Extensive Area Assessment as having both heritage value and a sensitivity to change.

4.1.2 The Character Zone—Bradley Canal--is described below under the following headings: • Summary Description • Historical Background • Architectural and historic character • Townscape value • Archaeological potential • Existing designations • Anchor Buildings and Sites (Categories 1-3) • Negative features • Sensitivity to change • Recommendations • Recommendations for designation

4.1.3 The images shown represent identified anchor buildings and sites as well as the wider Character Zone.

4.2 Bradley Canal Character Zone

Figure 52 Bradley Arm Canal at Wilkinson Avenue

Summary Description 4.2.1 In terms of the development of the Black Country (and the wider ), this area is of huge historical importance, containing as it does part of the original route of the Birmingham Canal and the location of metal furnaces owned by John Wilkinson in the 18th century. The Wilkinson furnaces were a key stage in the story of the area’s economic and technological development.

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Specifically they were influential in the growth of the Black Country iron industry, an activity which defined the area’s character. 4.2.2 The Zone has a plan of almost 2km in length extending from Pothouse Bridge in the north to the city boundary with in the south. The common feature throughout the Zone is the route of the Birmingham Canal. Much of the area is green space but it also contains a small amount of housing, a pub, a school, industrial buildings, and a canal maintenance facility. 4.2.3 The Extensive area Assessment identified that more intensive study of the Bradley Canal Character Zone would be appropriate. The basis of this decision was each Zone’s historic significance, local distinctiveness, townscape value and sensitivity to change, taking account of the number of Anchor Buildings and Sites within each area (see Table 1 above). 4.2.4 The Zone has clear historical significance in particular in relation to the surviving section of the canal. In terms of local distinctiveness, the Bradley Arm Canal is a key part of the Black Country canals – the densest network of artificial waterways in . Furthermore, its associated features within Zone are now rare within the local context. Figure 53 The Boundary of the Bradley Canal Character Zone 4.2.5 The Zone’s townscape value is in its public open space, providing a positive setting for canal-related structures and surrounding housing. Its sensitivity to change is represented by the potential redevelopment of employment land within the Character Zone. Figure 54 Part of Yates' Map of (1775) Showing the Approximate Location of Bradley Canal Character Zone

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4.2.6 The southern part of the Zone contains a substantial length of filled canal. This represents part of the original route of the Birmingham Canal as well as branches from it. The restoration of this route has been subject of discussion among canal heritage groups. (The full original route of the Bradley Arm Canal can be seen here http://blackcountryhistory.org/collect ions/getrecord/WOHER_MBL4622 together with a branch here http://blackcountryhistory.org/collect ions/getrecord/WOHER_MBL5628/)

Historical Background 4.2.7 By the time the route of the Birmingham Canal was cut through Figure 55 The Map of Bilston Liberty of 1799 the area in 1770, this part of Bradley showing the Northern Part of the Character Zone was already established as an (Details in the southern part of the Zone are not shown as this was historically part of Coseley) important industrial landscape, notably through the development of iron making under the ownership of John Wilkinson. 4.2.8 The canal, when it came, looped around the contours of the local topography –the surviving straighter section of the canal between Pothouse Bridge and Bradley Pumping Station was excavated as a later revision to the route—at some point between 1808 and 1832. The canal basin at the centre of the Character Zone is the last remnant of the older mainline route which the straightening works replaced. 4.2.9 Yates Map of Staffordshire shows two road routes traversed the canal Figure 56 Bilston and Bradley, 1808 (within the Character Zone) on its construction in the late 18th century. Pothouse Bridge is the only one which survives as a modern canal crossing, the canal under (what is now) Bradley Lane having been filled. 4.2.10 The section of the Birmingham Canal which is now filled (most of which is south of Bradley Lane) appears to have been closed in the period 1966- 1974. Figure 57 Industrial Buildings, Cross Street

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4.2.11 The present industrial site in the South West of the Character Zone owes its current form to the interwar development of Bradley Bridge Tube Works but has older origins as the site of Batman’s Hill Iron Works.

Architectural and Historic Character 4.2.12 The present Character of the Zone – based on canalside open green space is a product of the reclamation of former industrial areas in the second half of the twentieth century. Although this period saw the loss of the southern section of the canal, it was also during this time that the ‘reclamation’ of the land for (largely) recreational use. The use of the depot at Bradley by British waterways (and now the Canals and River Trust) from the 1960s has probably been important in the survival of both the Bradley Arm Canal itself and the related infrastructure within the present Trust property, including what is arguably the last surviving canal basin in Bilston. 4.2.13 Aside from the canal-related structures, the remaining buildings date from the mid–to-late twentieth century. The most recent development in the Character Zone is the reconstruction of Wilkinson Primary School.

Townscape Value 4.2.14 The Zone has a generally open feel, heightened by the continuation of the green space into the land beyond its southern boundary (much of which is in the neighbouring local authority of Sandwell). 4.2.15 Although the Bradley Arm canal provides the focus of the northern half of the Zone, its relationship with the surrounding buildings is mixed. The relatively recent development of Loxdale Sidings (adjoining the study area) is specifically designed to refer to the canal and maximise its visual amenity. By contrast the interwar properties on the opposite bank take little account of the positive potential of the waterway.

Figure 58 Buildings on Loxdale Sidings are built to overlook the waterway

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Figure 59 On its western bank, interwar properties faces away from the canal 4.2.16 Properties beyond the boundaries of the south and south-east of the Zone do not necessarily display any attempt to use the visual amenity of the open space, although they are overlooked by the (higher) route of the now disused canal.

Figure 60 Housing bordering the south-east corner of the Character Zone

Archaeological Potential 4.2.17 In terms of the development of the Black Country (and the wider industrial revolution in Britain), this area is of historical importance, containing as it does the location of iron furnaces owned by John Wilkinson in the 18th century and part of the original route of the Birmingham Canal. The state of preservation of the filled section of the canal south of Bradley Lane is unknown. 4.2.18 There are fifteen records already on the Wolverhampton HER. However it is recommended that the following ten features are also included in the HER: Figure 61 Pothouse Bridge Incline (A1); Route alignment (A2); Canal bridge (two) (A7 & A8); Colliery (A9); Tramway (A10); Clay pit (A11); Branch canal (A29); c19 Housing, Rose Street (A45); Ironworkers’ housing (A46)

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Existing Designations 4.2.19 There are currently no statutorily or locally listed buildings in the Zone and no part of the area is designated as a conservation area. However, the proposed Bilston Canal Conservation Area would include the route of the Birmingham Canal within the Zone, and Pothouse Bridge (in the far north of the Zone) has also been recommended for local listing. 4.2.20 There is one other surviving structure on the Wolverhampton HER: the canal pumping station (see below).

Figure 62 The Canal at Loxdale Sidings Other Buildings and Sites (Categories 1-3) 4.2.21 Pothouse Bridge, Salop Street/Loxdale Street (4) Largely rebuilt but preserving its original form, the bridge carries Salop Street over the Bradley Arm Canal. The recent historic environment appraisal recommended it for local listing. 4.2.22 Bradley Arm, Old Birmingham Canal (1); This includes a navigable section of the canal network north of Bradley Lane. The contribution to the appearance and heritage of the site has been recognised by the recommendation elsewhere to include it in the Bilston canal Network Conservation Area. However it is recommended here that the full length of the filled section, the southernmost part of which is included in a wider public open space should be included in the Conservation Area (see Recommendations).

Map Locations: Bradley Arm Canal http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL4622

Figure 63 Bradley Pumping Station

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4.2.23 Bradley Pumping Station (5) A single storey canalside building with a smaller extension. It includes a chimney and cast iron windows. It appears on 25" Ordnance Survey maps of 1887, 1903 and 1919 as Bradley Pumping Engine and on a similar map of 1938 as Bradley Pumping House. 1955 maps show it as barge works. Map Location: http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/WOHER_MBL318/

4.2.24 Spoil (Slag) Heap (6) This is first mapped in its current form in the 1930s, a result of the reorganisation of the surrounding landscape (ie. the creation of Wilkinson Avenue and associated housing). However it appears to the legacy of a larger feature originating in the 19th century or earlier. Its proximity to the site of a Wilkinson blast furnace suggests it may have 18th century origins. Its survival provides a strong element of character and link to the area’s past.

Figure 64 Spoil Heap in the Grounds of Wilkinson Primary School

4.2.25 The Old Bush Public House (7) An inn appears at this location on the Ordnance Survey first and second editions, but the footprint and style of the existing building suggests it has twentieth century origins. The building is a local landmark and adds character to this stretch of Cross Street /Bradley Lane.

Figure 65 The Old Bush Public House, Cross Street

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4.2.26 Canal Bridge, Loxdale Sidings (10) The original bridge probably came into existence around the 1820s when the change to the canal route turned its original route into a branch (which the bridge then allowed the towpath to cross). Its modified form provides substantial character to this part of the canal and, owing to the bend in the canals route, is very visible from the towpath.

Figure 66 Canal Bridge, Loxdale Sidings

4.2.27 Bradley Workshop Basin Bridge (8) and Basin (9) The original 1770 route of the Birmingham Canal was bypassed in the period 1808-1832 and part of its original route was left to become the canal basin within the former British Waterways depot at Bradley. It is likely that the towpath bridge which survives as a pair of Blue brick abutments was built around 1817, although it shows evidence of having been modified several times since then. It is of significant heritage value being an unusual survivor. Although not a purpose-built structure, the basin is also now a rare example of its type and an even rarer example of a canal basin in operation. The basin represents some of the last remains of the infrastructure which served Wilkinson’s iron furnaces during his lifetime.

Figure 67 Oblique aerial view (from the West) of the Bradley Canal Arm, Basin, Towpath Bridge (remains) and (on the right) Pumping Station (image: Google Maps)

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Figure 68 Surviving Towpath Bridge Abutments

4.2.28 Open Space, Bradley Lane / Peter Avenue (2) A mostly grassed area of 5.5ha bounded by housing in the north, east and west. Pedestrian access is from Bradley Lane (shown) and Peter Avenue. Part of the western boundary has been formed by the old line of the Birmingham Canal and is now a fenced industrial site. The area contains playing fields it its northern part and a rough grassed area to the south, used for the grazing of tethered horses. The area forms a continuous open space with a grassed area in Sandwell, beyond the southern boundary of the Character Zone.

Figure 69 Looking West over the Open Space, South of Bradley Lane

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Figure 70 View Looking North over the Open Space. the Former Route of the Birmingham Canal is at the Top of the Slope on the Left of the Picture

4.2.29 Open Space, Loxdale Sidings / Bradley Lane (3) A grassed and wooded area of just over 3 ha alongside the surviving stretch of the Bradley Arm Canal. The area is accessible from Loxdale sidings and Bradley Lane and partly encloses the maintenance depot operated by the Canals and Rivers Trust.

Figure 71 Looking North over the Open space, Loxdale Sidings in the Background

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Negative Features 4.2.30 With the exception of the Old Bush public house and the small number of residential properties, the sites fronting on to Bradley Lane/Cross Street present an unattractive façade to the street, often incorporating steel and or concrete fencing. 4.2.30 The re-routing of the towpath around the outside perimeter of the canal maintenance facility creates an unfortunate discontinuity in the view of the waterway.

Sensitivity to Change 4.2.31 The Character Zone is outside the Figure 72 A View of the Open Space (Loxdale Sidings) from Regeneration Corridors Bradley Lane identified by the Black Country Joint Core Strategy, sitting as it does between Bilston Urban Village (just to the north of the Zone) and the Regeneration Corridors of Coseley// and Loxdale-. Nevertheless, the employment land within the Character Zone (and its sensitive location on the former route of the Birmingham Canal) may undergo change in the medium to long term.

Recommendations 4.2.32 Any development of this area should make positive use of the surviving canal and its associated structures. The proposed Bilston Canal Conservation Area refers to the open space at Loxdale Sidings as optional inclusion. On the basis that the area provides a positive setting for the canal as well as significant character features such as the spoil heap (detailed above) incorporated within it, it is also recommended that the grounds of Wilkinson School be included in the new Conservation Area.

4.2.33 Proposals for the Bilston Canal Conservation Area also include the entire length of the filled section of the canal within the Character Zone. However it is recommended here that the public open space at Bradley Lane/Peter Avenue should also be included in the Conservation Area.

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5.0 SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

5.1 This study considered five extensions to the area of the Bilston Corridor Area Action Plan (AAP). It has assessed the historic character and local distinctiveness of these areas and identified significant buildings and sites which should be taken into account in any future development.

5.2 The Bilston Corridor AAP covers an area of primarily (and historically) industrial land between Wolverhampton and Bilston. In so far as the five separate extensions can be characterised together, they represent residential areas on the edge of the swathe of industrial land which the Corridor represents. The two largest extensions by area, Bradley and The Lunt, contain fragments of nineteenth century townscape but also include significant areas of post-1919 housing.

5.3 The study has identified more than fifty significant (‘Anchor’) buildings and sites. In a partial measure of the distribution of surviving historic character, these tended to be concentrated in six out of the eleven Character Zones identified during the assessment. The six Zones were accounted for by three in Bradley and, in addition, the three Zones in closest proximity to the historic and commercial centre of Bilston.

5.4 In addition to the Anchor buildings and sites, the study also identified an additional 30 or so previously unrecorded Heritage Assets, these being largely archaeological features which were highlighted by the desk-based scrutiny of relevant historic maps.

5.5 A particular feature of this study has been an Intensive Area Assessment of the Bradley Canal Character Zone, a two kilometre-long stretch of landscape including a navigable part of the Bradley Arm canal and filled section of the same waterway. This area includes ten Anchor buildings and sites, including the canal itself. In addition, the Zone features other canal infrastructure - the remains of three canal bridges, a working basin and pumping station, in part the vestiges of a wider, older, more complex canal network. It is recommended that the significant open spaces next to the canal within this Zone are incorporated into the proposed Bilston Canal Conservation Area.

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6.0 MAPS

Figure 73 Anchor Buildings & Sites in Bradley Character Zones

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Figure 74 Anchor Buildings & Sites in Lunt Character Zones

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Figure 75 Anchor Buildings & Sites in Character Zones SE of Hickman Park

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Figure 76 Anchor Buildings & Sites in Thompson Avenue Character Zone

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7.0 REFERENCES

Black Country History website. Available: http://www.blackcountryhistory.org.uk Birmingham Canal Mainline, Bradley Arm and Wyrley and Canal Historic Environment Appraisal - Consultation Draft. Available: http://www2.wolverhampton.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/BB93DABF-216E-419B-B98D- 0E5F70CE3BF1/0/BilstonCanalsHistoricEnvironmentAppraisalPart2medres.pdf British Waterways (undated) Rapid Heritage Assessment – Bradley Workshop Basin Bridge. CgMs (2009) Characterisation Study of Wolverhampton Area Action Plan Areas –Bilston Corridor AAP, On behalf of Wolverhampton City Council Ref: 10376. Available in two parts: http://www.wolverhampton.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=1550&p=0; http://www.wolverhampton.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=1551&p=0. Dean, R. (2008) Historical Map of the Birmingham Canals (3rd ed.) Metropolitan Borough Council, Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council, , and Wolverhampton City Council. (2011) Black Country Core Strategy. Available http://blackcountrycorestrategy.dudley.gov.uk/ Distinctly Black Country website. Available: http://distinctlyblackcountry.org.uk Quigley, P (2009) The Black Country: An Historic Landscape Characterisation First Report. Black Country Archaeology Service. Available: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-939- 1/dissemination/pdf/BCHLC_FullRpt.pdf Quigley, P (2011) Wilkinson Primary School Bradley, Wolverhampton, – An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Shill, R (2010) Bradley Loop Birmingham Canal Navigation Society (BCNS) website. Available: http://www.bcnsociety.co.uk/?archive=1&id=39&term=bradley Wessex Archaeology (2005) All Saints and Blakenhall Community Development Area Wolverhampton, West Midlands - Detailed Historic Landscape Characterisation. Available: http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/files/59220_All%20Saints%20and%20Blakenhall.pdf Wolverhampton City Council. (2008) Local List - A Brief Guide and Summary of the City of Wolverhampton Local List of Buildings, Parks, Gardens and Archaeological Sites of Special Historic Interest. Wolverhampton City Council Wolverhampton Historic Environment Record Wolverhampton History and Heritage website. Available: http://www.historywebsite.co.uk/ Wolverhampton City Council, Black Country Historic Landscape Characterisation. Available: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/blackcountry_hlc_2009/

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8.0 ANNEXES Annexe 1: Anchor Category Definitions Anchor Definition Examples May Include Category 1 Buildings or sites of sufficient Canal corridors heritage value and appropriate Important open spaces size or scale to act as potential Areas of well-preserved late 19th catalysts for schemes of century/early 20th century housing regeneration and redevelopment (e.g. those in Park Village) to emerge around them. Could be Structures such as the Goodyear expected to add character and to Clock Tower which have a help maintain or create a sense of significant visual impact and could place in promoting proposals for be a focal point in promoting regeneration and redevelopment schemes of enhancement, in their locality. redevelopment and regeneration.

2 Buildings or sites which are of Public Houses smaller size and scale and for this Small Chapels or Schools reason are less likely to act in Other buildings of a more intimate themselves as catalysts for or modest scale (e.g. locally listed regeneration and redevelopment. Paget Arms Public House and the Such buildings may, however, still Clinic on Park Lane be of significant heritage value (indeed most will have clear architectural or historic interest), contribute positively to their surroundings and help to create a sense of place.

3 Buildings or sites of townscape Wolverhampton Central Mosque value. These do not necessarily Science Park building have to be of heritage value Could include public open space (although they may be) but must where it makes a positive make a positive contribution to contribution to townscape and/or streetscape, either by virtue of has public amenity value. their architectural quality, design features or location.

Source: CgMs (2009) Characterisation Study of Wolverhampton Area Action Plan Areas – Bilston Corridor AAP, On behalf of Wolverhampton City Council Ref: 10376

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Annexe 2: Anchor Buildings & Sites This is a list of Anchor buildings and sites within or intersecting the study area, sorted alphabetically by Character Area. The definition of the term ‘Anchor building/site’ is detailed in Annexe 1. There are 51 buildings and sites on the list. The columns are as follows: Ref – Identifier of the building or site; Character Area – the area in which the building or site is located; Heritage Asset – description; Designation – the current level of protection/recognition; Pre-recorded – whether the asset was recorded prior to the current study in the Wolverhampton Historic Environment Record; HER—its corresponding identifier in the Wolverhampton Historic Environment Record; Bldg/Site — whether the feature should be regarded as an anchor building or site; and Cat. (Category) — the category of anchor building or site. NB. Details of entries on the Wolverhampton Historic Environment Record can be found on www.blackcountryhistory.org.uk.

Ref Character Area Name of Anchor building or site Designation Pre HER Anchor Cat. -recorded 1 Bradley Canal BRADLEY ARM; OLD BIRMINGHAM CANAL CA* Yes 7373 Site 1 2 Bradley Canal OPEN SPACE, BRADLEY LA / PETER AVENUE - Site 1 3 Bradley Canal OPEN SPACE, LOXDALE SIDINGS / BRADLEY LANE - Site 1 4 Bradley Canal POTHOUSE BRIDGE; BRADLEY LL*, CA* Yes 10955 Site 2 5 Bradley Canal BRADLEY PUMPING STATION, BRADLEY LANE CA* Yes 2094 Bldg 2 6 Bradley Canal SPOIL (SLAG) HEAP - Site 2 7 Bradley Canal THE OLD BUSH PUBLIC HOUSE, CROSS STREET - Bldg 2 8 Bradley Canal BRADLEY WORKSHOP BASIN BRIDGE, ~1817 CA* Bldg 2 9 Bradley Canal BRADLEY WORKSHOP CANAL BASIN CA* Site 2 10 Bradley Canal POTHOUSE JUNCTION BRIDGE CA* Bldg 2 11 Bradley Inner CORONATION/MEMORIAL PARK, WILKINSON AVE LL Yes 6452 Site 1 12 Bradley Inner INNISFALLEN; 32 KING ST - Yes 5356 Bldg 2 13 Bradley Inner 24-26 KING ST - Yes 5355 Bldg 2 14 Bradley Inner SCHOOL; ST MARTIN'S CHURCH CENTRE; SLATER ST - Yes 5319 Bldg 2 15 Bradley Inner CLINKER RETAINING WALL, WILKINSON AVENUE - Site 3

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16 Bradley Outer OPEN SPACE, BRIERLEY LA / DAISY ST (incl former railway) - Site 1 17 Bradley Outer FORMER QUEENS PICTURE HSE; HIGHFIELDS RD - Yes 5343 Bldg 2 18 Bradley Outer HOUSE, 126 HIGHFIELDS ROAD - Bldg 2 19 Bradley Outer METHODIST CHURCH HALL - Bldg 2 20 Lunt West The Samson & Lion, Newbolt Road LL Yes 13833 Bldg 2 21 Lunt West The Oak and Ivy, Oxford Street, Bilston LL Yes 13827 Bldg 2 22 Lunt West 59 MOUNT PLEASANT / ASHLEY ST - Yes 5372 Bldg 2 23 Lunt West 68-80 MOUNT PLEASANT / ETRURIA WAY - Yes 5371 Bldg 2 24 Lunt West TERRACE; ASHLEY ST - Yes 5359 Bldg 2 25 Lunt West MOUNT PLEASANT BAKERY; 77-81 MOUNT PLEASANT - Yes 4785 Bldg 2 26 Lunt West Edwardian Houses, Berold Cottages 1909 - Bldg 2 27 Lunt West Boundary Walls, Fence, and Gate Piers - Site 3 28 Lunt West Clinker Boundary Wall, Beckett Street - Site 3 29 Lunt West Clinker Boundary Wall, Queen Street - Site 3 30 Nth of High Street Building rear of 10 Broad Street, Bilston - Yes 13412 Bldg 2 31 Nth of High Street ST EDWARDS NURSERY; WOLVERHAMPTON ST - Yes 6743 Bldg 2 32 Nth of High Street ROSE VILLAS; 72-78 BROAD ST / SHALE ST - Yes 5369 Bldg 2 33 Nth of High Street UNEMPLOYMENT EXCH.; BROAD ST / THE CRESCENT - Yes 5350 Bldg 2 34 Nth of High Street INDUSTRIAL BUILDING; GREEN CROFT / ARTHUR ST - Yes 5339 Bldg 2 35 Nth of High Street OFFICES ETC.; 93 WOLVERHAMPTON ST / SHALE ST - Yes 5334 Bldg 2 36 Nth of High Street SIKH TEMPLE (FO ST EDWARDS SCHOOL); ARTHUR ST - Yes 5327 Bldg 2 37 Nth of High Street BETHESDA CHAPEL; BROAD ST/ALICE ST, BILSTON - Yes 5318 Bldg 2 38 Nth of High Street HATHERLEIGH; 10 BROAD ST SL (II) Yes 4607 Bldg 2 39 Nth of High Street House, 35 Shale Street - Bldg 2 40 Nth of High Street Bilston Council Houses, ~late 1940s - Bldg 2 41 Nth of High Street Industrial Building - Bldg 2

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42 Nth of High Street Clinker wall - Site 3 43 Nth of High Street Clinker wall - Site 3 44 Thompson Ave Kent Rd Rec/ Pond La Park & allotments/ Phoenix Park - Yes 13684 Site 2 45 Wellington Road FO HEALTH CLINIC; WELLINGTON RD LL Yes 8628 Bldg 2 46 Wellington Road 4-8 WELLINGTON RD - Yes 6964 Bldg 2 47 Wellington Road LYNDALE; 13 WELLINGTON RD - Yes 5368 Bldg 2 48 Wellington Road 146 WELLINGTON ROAD - Bldg 2 49 Wellington Road 110-144 WELLINGTON ROAD - Bldg 2 50 Wellington Road 42-48 WELLINGTON ROAD - Bldg 2 51 Wellington Road 24-38 WELLINGTON ROAD - Bldg 2

*Recommended Abbreviations: CA=Conservation Area; LL=Locally listed; SL (ii)=Statutorily Listed (Grade II).

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Annexe 3: Other Heritage Assets These are identified Heritage Assets within or intersecting the study area which are not otherwise among the Anchor buildings and sites in Annexe 2. The list includes any building, structure, site or other feature which is recorded or is worthy of being recorded in the Historic Environment Record (HER). There are 64 Heritage Assets on the list, 32 of which were already recorded at the start of the study.

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The columns in this list are as follows: Ref – Identifier of Heritage Assets (where the Asset was recorded on the HER this number is the existing identifier); Character Area – the area in which the Asset is located; Name of Heritage Asset – description; Type – Assets are categorised as Structures if there are known to be surviving remains, otherwise they are locations – often with archaeological potential; Designation – the current level of protection/recognition, if any; Pre-recorded – whether the asset was recorded prior to the current study. Details of entries on the Wolverhampton Historic Environment Record can be found on www.blackcountryhistory.org.uk.

Ref Character Area Name of Heritage Asset Type Designation Pre -recorded 13723 Bradley Canal B’ham Canal, Old Main Line (now filled) - - Yes 10993 Bradley Canal EARLY IRONWORKING BRADLEY SURVEY; ADMIN NO. - - Yes 10793 Bradley Canal (ROLLING) MILL & FORGE; N OF BRADLEY LANE - - Yes 10792 Bradley Canal HALLFIELDS FURNACE; BRADLEY - - Yes 10788 Bradley Canal B’ham Canal - ORIGINAL LINE (IE LOOP N OF LEES TERR) - - Yes 10784 Bradley Canal BRADLEY WORKS; BRADLEY - - Yes 10768 Bradley Canal BATMAN’S HILL IRONWKS, PETER AVE; - - Yes 10650 Bradley Canal REGENT IRON WKS (TUPPE & CO); S OF POTHOUSE BR. - - Yes 10648 Bradley Canal TURLEY'S WORKS, BILSTON - - Yes 5704 Bradley Canal WILKINSON'S MIDDLE WORKS, BRADLEY LANE - - Yes 2561 Bradley Canal WILKINSON’S WORKS: DOMINANT NUMBER - - Yes 2095 Bradley Canal BRADLEY COLLIERY; BRADLEY LANE - - Yes A1 Bradley Canal INCLINE - - A2 Bradley Canal ROUTE ALIGNMENT, PARTIALLY PRESERVED Structure - A7 Bradley Canal CANAL TOWPATH BRIDGE - - A8 Bradley Canal BRIERLEY CANAL BRIDGE - - A9 Bradley Canal COLLIERY - - A10 Bradley Canal TRAMWAY - - A11 Bradley Canal CLAY PIT - -

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A29 Bradley Canal BRANCH CANAL, DISUSED BY OS 1st EDITION - - A45 Bradley Canal c19 HOUSING, ROSE STREET, BATMAN’S HILL - - A46 Bradley Canal POSSIBLE c18 IRON WORKERS’ HOUSING, CROSS ST - - 10790 Bradley Inner ST MARTIN'S CHURCH (SITE); KING ST; BRADLEY - - Yes 8747 Bradley Inner SETTLEMENT; BRADLEY - - Yes 8731 Bradley Inner MOAT (HALL FIELDS); S OF LORD ST; BRADLEY - - Yes A30 Bradley Inner GARDEN, POSSIBLE RESIDENCE OF J WILKINSON - - 10786 Bradley Outer POTTERY; SW OF POTHOUSE BRIDGE; BRADLEY - - Yes 10777 Bradley Outer MEDIEVAL PARK; BRADLEY - - Yes 5385 Bradley Outer 50 HALL GREEN ST - - Yes 5383 Bradley Outer DAISYBANK & BRADLEY STN. (SITE); OFF HALL GRN ST - - Yes 4783 Bradley Outer GWEN'S STORES, 24 BAKER RD. Structure - Yes 2599 Bradley Outer FO CHAPEL & CAST IRON PULPIT; HALL GREEN ST Structure - Yes A3 Bradley Outer PROPERTY / PARISH BOUNDARY - - A4 Bradley Outer FORMER RAILWAY (OXFORD, WORCESTER & W’TON) Structure - A14 Bradley Outer HOUSE, POSSIBLE RESIDENCE OF J WILKINSON - - 13182 Hilton Trading GKN Research Laboratories, Birmingham New Road. - (was LL) Yes A39 Hilton Trading Tramway - - A41 Hilton Trading Clay Pit - - A42 Hilton Trading Clay Pit - - A43 Hilton Trading Tramway - - A52 Hilton Trading Tramway - - A18 Lunt East Clay Pit - - A19 Lunt East Willenhall Branch Canal (1803-1953) - - A20 Lunt East Clay Pit - - A21 Lunt East Tramway - -

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A22 Lunt East Barn Farm Colliery - - A23 Lunt East Pottery Works (Possibly Wards http://goo.gl/hbl2K) - - A24 Lunt East Tramway - - A25 Lunt East Lunt Colliery - - A28 Lunt East Tramway - - A26 Lunt Estate Tramway - - 13419 Lunt West Plan unit, Bilston: W of Bridge Street, Sth of Fraser St - - Yes 13416 Lunt West Plan unit, South of Bridge Street, Bilston - - Yes 8740 Lunt West SITE OF CUSTOMARY TENEMENT (PERRYS) - - Yes 5810 Lunt West SETTLEMENT - CA Yes 5323 Lunt West BILSTON UDC FRASER ST SCHOOL; FRASER ST - - Yes 5322 Lunt West HOLY TRINITY R C PRIMARY SCHOOL; QUEEN ST - - Yes A27 Lunt West Tramway - - 13489 Nth of High Street Plan component: Wolverhampton Street, Bilston - - Yes 13168 Nth of High Street 5-27 High Street, Bilston - - Yes 13788 Thompson Ave The Black Horse Public House, Thompson Ave - - Yes A37 Thompson Ave Tramway - - A38 Thompson Ave Tramway - - 13659 Wellington Road Wellington Road Structure - Yes

Abbreviations: CA=Conservation Area; LL=Locally listed; SL (ii)=Statutorily Listed (Grade II).

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Black Country Archaeology Service Education and Enterprise Wolverhampton City Council Civic Centre, St Peter's Square Wolverhampton WV1 1RP t 01902 555625 e [email protected]