Givewell Metrics Report – 2018 Annual Review
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Effective Altruism William Macaskill and Theron Pummer
1 Effective Altruism William MacAskill and Theron Pummer Climate change is on course to cause millions of deaths and cost the world economy trillions of dollars. Nearly a billion people live in extreme poverty, millions of them dying each year of easily preventable diseases. Just a small fraction of the thousands of nuclear weapons on hair‐trigger alert could easily bring about global catastrophe. New technologies like synthetic biology and artificial intelligence bring unprece dented risks. Meanwhile, year after year billions and billions of factory‐farmed ani mals live and die in misery. Given the number of severe problems facing the world today, and the resources required to solve them, we may feel at a loss as to where to even begin. The good news is that we can improve things with the right use of money, time, talent, and effort. These resources can bring about a great deal of improvement, or very little, depending on how they are allocated. The effective altruism movement consists of a growing global community of peo ple who use reason and evidence to assess how to do as much good as possible, and who take action on this basis. Launched in 2011, the movement now has thousands of members, as well as influence over billions of dollars. The movement has substan tially increased awareness of the fact that some altruistic activities are much more cost‐effective than others, in the sense that they do much more good than others per unit of resource expended. According to the nonprofit organization GiveWell, it costs around $3,500 to prevent someone from dying of malaria by distributing bed nets. -
Givedirectly
GiveDirectly GiveDirectly provides unconditional cash transfers using cell phone technology to some of the world’s poorest people, as well as refugees, urban youth, and disaster victims. They also are currently running a historic Universal Basic Income initiative, delivering a basic income to 20,000+ people in Kenya in a 12-year study. United States (USD) Donate to GiveDirectly Please select your country & currency. Donations are tax-deductible in the country selected. Founded in Moved Delivered cash to 88% of donations sent to families 2009 US$140M 130K in poverty families Other ways to donate We recommend that gifts up to $1,000 be made online by credit card. If you are giving more than $1,000, please consider one of these alternatives. Check Bank Transfer Donor Advised Fund Cryptocurrencies Stocks or Shares Bequests Corporate Matching Program The problem: traditional methods of international giving are complex — and often inefficient Often, donors give money to a charity, which then passes along the funds to partners at the local level. This makes it difficult for donors to determine how their money will be used and whether it will reach its intended recipients. Additionally, charities often provide interventions that may not be what the recipients actually need to improve their lives. Such an approach can treat recipients as passive beneficiaries rather than knowledgeable and empowered shapers of their own lives. The solution: unconditional cash transfers Most poverty relief initiatives require complicated infrastructure, and alleviate the symptoms of poverty rather than striking at the source. By contrast, unconditional cash transfers are straightforward, providing funds to some of the poorest people in the world so that they can buy the essentials they need to set themselves up for future success. -
Cost-Effectiveness of District-Wide Seasonal
Diawara et al. Malar J (2021) 20:128 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03653-x Malaria Journal RESEARCH Open Access Cost-efectiveness of district-wide seasonal malaria chemoprevention when implemented through routine malaria control programme in Kita, Mali using fxed point distribution Halimatou Diawara1* , Patrick Walker2, Matt Cairns3, Laura C. Steinhardt4, Fatou Diawara1, Beh Kamate5, Laeticia Duval2, Elisa Sicuri2, Issaka Sagara1, Aboubacar Sadou6, Jules Mihigo7, Erin Eckert8, Alassane Dicko1 and Lesong Conteh9 Abstract Background: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a strategy for malaria control recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2012 for Sahelian countries. The Mali National Malaria Control Programme adopted a plan for pilot implementation and nationwide scale-up by 2016. Given that SMC is a relatively new approach, there is an urgent need to assess the costs and cost efectiveness of SMC when implemented through the routine health system to inform decisions on resource allocation. Methods: Cost data were collected from pilot implementation of SMC in Kita district, which targeted 77,497 children aged 3–59 months. Starting in August 2014, SMC was delivered by fxed point distribution in villages with the frst dose observed each month. Treatment consisted of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine once a month for four consecutive months, or rounds. Economic and fnancial costs were collected from the provider perspective using an ingredients approach. Efectiveness estimates were based upon a published mathematical transmission model calibrated to local epidemiology, rainfall patterns and scale-up of interventions. Incremental cost efectiveness ratios were calculated for the cost per malaria episode averted, cost per disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted, and cost per death averted. -
October 26, 2014
Animal Charity Evaluators Board of Directors Meeting Type of Meeting: Standard Monthly Meeting Date: October 26, 2014 In attendance: Chairperson: Simon Knutsson Treasurer: Brian Tomasik Secretary: Rob Wiblin Board Member: Sam BankmanFried Board Member: Peter Singer Board Member: S. Greenberg Executive Director: Jon Bockman Absent: Quorum established: Yes 1. Call to order: SK called the meeting to order at 9:05 am PST 2. Important questions document 1. In the philosophy document (and in the important questions document and the strategy plan, which refer to it): a. Edit the part about veganism, which can be seen as a method for benefiting animals rather than a vision or a philosophical position. b. Edit the part about wild animal suffering. The challenge is to balance bringing up an important idea with making a good impression on those who are not already aware of it or interested in it. Some board members think that we have been giving it too much space in these documents and others think it warrants that level of space because of the importance of the issue. i. Could interview others about wild animal suffering or invite them to guest blog about it. c. Improve general writing quality based on the comments from the board. 2. Consider writing a report that is as objective as possible on the important questions. 3. PS can help getting academics interested in effective animal activism. a. Has a contact at the Animal Studies Initiative at NYU – maybe this person could organize a conference b. Researchers studying persuasion might be interested (ACE or PS can encourage them) 4. -
Evidence-Based Policy Cause Area Report
Evidence-Based Policy Cause Area Report AUTHOR: 11/18 MARINELLA CAPRIATI, DPHIL 1 — Founders Pledge Animal Welfare Executive Summary By supporting increased use of evidence in the governments of low- and middle-income countries, donors can dramatically increase their impact on the lives of people living in poverty. This report explores how focusing on evidence-based policy provides an opportunity for leverage, and presents the most promising organisation we identified in this area. A high-risk/high-return opportunity for leverage In the 2013 report ‘The State of the Poor’, the World Bank reported that, as of 2010, roughly 83% of people in extreme poverty lived in countries classified as ‘lower-middle income’ or below. By far the most resources spent on tackling poverty come from local governments. American think tank the Brookings Institution found that, in 2011, $2.3 trillion of the $2.8 trillion spent on financing development came from domestic government revenues in the countries affected. There are often large differences in the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of social programs— the amount of good done per dollar spent can vary significantly across programs. Employing evidence allows us to identify the most cost-effective social programs. This is useful information for donors choosing which charity to support, but also for governments choosing which programs to implement, and how. This suggests that employing philanthropic funding to improve the effectiveness of policymaking in low- and middle-income countries is likely to constitute an exceptional opportunity for leverage: by supporting the production and use of evidence in low- and middle-income countries, donors can potentially enable policy makers to implement more effective policies, thereby reaching many more people than direct interventions. -
1% Initiative in the City of Zurich
Effective Altruism Foundation Using evidence to fight poverty The 1% initiative by the Effective Altruism Foundation The initiative Theory of change Effective T $90M per year C altruism Evidence-based A for effective P movement policy making M I charities How can we fight global poverty on a political level? A unique growth opportunity is offered by Switzerland's direct democracy, wherein anyone can ask for a legally binding vote on any topic – simply by Counterpropos Media reports collecting signatures on a popular initiative. al passes Initiative passes on the initiative and effective E altruism The Effective Altruism Foundation has just launched one such M O initiative in the city of Zurich, asking for 1% of the city's budget to be C T U donated to highly effective global health charities. The city's budget O Parliament Significant amounts to about USD 9 billion, which means the city would makes sociopolitical potentially donate USD 90 million per year to highly effective counterproposal support charities. Support from We believe the initiative presents an extraordinary funding T U Collect 3,000 charities, P Media relations opportunity for donors interested in meta-charities, due to its T signatures U politicians and fundraising and movement-building potential. O parties S E I T Propose Fundraising Position paper, I V I legislation > EUR 90’000 FAQ, etc $9 billion x 1% = $90 million per year $30 million T Zurich’s budget Annual funding for Adjustments Total expected C A effective charities value of initiative More likely Less likely Fundraising benefits The base rate for popular initiatives passing is about 11%. -
2018 ▶ Do Not Enter Social Security Numbers on This Form As It May Be Made Public
OMB No. 1545-0047 Form 990 Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax Under section 501(c), 527, or 4947(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code (except private foundations) 2018 ▶ Do not enter social security numbers on this form as it may be made public. Department of the Treasury Open to Public Internal Revenue Service ▶ Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information. Inspection A For the 2018 calendar year, or tax year beginning01/01 , 2018, and ending12/31 , 20 18 B Check if applicable: C Name of organization CENTRE FOR EFFECTIVE ALTRUISM USA INC D Employer identification number Address change Doing business as 47-1988398 Name change Number and street (or P.O. box if mail is not delivered to street address) Room/suite E Telephone number Initial return 2054 UNIVERSITY AVE SUITE 300 510-725-1395 Final return/terminated City or town, state or province, country, and ZIP or foreign postal code Amended return BERKELEY, CA, 94704 G Gross receipts $ 10,524,715 Application pending F Name and address of principal officer: Amy Labenz H(a) Is this a group return for subordinates? Yes ✔ No 2054 UNIVERSITY AVE SUITE 300, BERKELEY, CA 94704 H(b) Are all subordinates included? Yes No I Tax-exempt status: ✔ 501(c)(3) 501(c) ( ) ◀ (insert no.) 4947(a)(1) or 527 If “No,” attach a list. (see instructions) J Website: ▶ www.centerforeffectivealtruism.org H(c) Group exemption number ▶ K Form of organization: ✔ Corporation Trust Association Other ▶ L Year of formation: 2013 M State of legal domicile: NJ Part I Summary 1 Briefly describe the organization’s mission or most significant activities: Effective altruism is a growing social movement founded on the desire to make the world as good a place as it can be, the use of evidence and reason to find out how to do so, and the audacity to actually try. -
Whether and Where to Give1 (Forthcoming in Philosophy and Public Affairs)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository 1 Whether and Where to Give1 (Forthcoming in Philosophy and Public Affairs) Theron Pummer University of St Andrews 1. The Ethics of Giving and Effective Altruism The ethics of giving has traditionally focused on whether, and how much, to give to charities helping people in extreme poverty.2 In more recent years, the discussion has increasingly focused on where to give, spurred by an appreciation of the substantial differences in cost- effectiveness between charities. According to a commonly cited example, $40,000 can be used either to help 1 blind person by training a seeing-eye dog in the United States or to help 2,000 blind people by providing surgeries reversing the effects of trachoma in Africa.3 Effective altruists recommend that we give large sums to charity, but by far their more central message is that we give effectively, i.e., to whatever charities would do the most good per dollar donated.4 In this paper, I’ll assume that it’s not wrong not to give bigger, but will explore to what extent it may well nonetheless be wrong not to give better. The main claim I’ll argue for here is that in many cases it would be wrong of you to give a sum of money to charities that do less good than others you could have given to instead, even if 1 I am extremely grateful to Derek Parfit, Roger Crisp, Jeff McMahan, and Peter Singer for extremely helpful feedback and encouragement. -
Against 'Effective Altruism'
Against ‘Effective Altruism’ Alice Crary Effective Altruism (EA) is a programme for rationalising for the most part adopt the attitude that they have no charitable giving, positioning individuals to do the ‘most serious critics and that sceptics ought to be content with good’ per expenditure of money or time. It was first for- their ongoing attempts to fine-tune their practice. mulated – by two Oxford philosophers just over a decade It is a posture belied by the existence of formidable ago–as an application of the moral theory consequential- critical resources both inside and outside the philosoph- ism, and from the outset one of its distinctions within ical tradition in which EA originates. In light of the undis- the philanthropic world was expansion of the class of puted impact of EA, and its success in attracting idealistic charity-recipients to include non-human animals. EA young people, it is important to forcefully make the case has been the target of a fair bit of grumbling, and even that it owes its success primarily not to the – question- some mockery, from activists and critics on the left, who able – value of its moral theory but to its compatibility associate consequentialism with depoliticising tenden- with political and economic institutions responsible for cies of welfarism. But EA has mostly gotten a pass, with some of the very harms it addresses. The sincere ded- many detractors concluding that, however misguided, its ication of many individual adherents notwithstanding, efforts to get bankers, tech entrepreneurs and the like to reflection on EA reveals a straightforward example of give away their money cost-effectively does no serious moral corruption. -
EA Course: Overview and Future Plans
EA Course: Overview and Future Plans Note: I encourage you to first read the One Page Summary at the bottom and then skip to the sections you’re interested in. ❖ Background ❖ Goals ➢ For the class ➢ For the club ➢ Ideal student ❖ Class Structure ➢ Basics ➢ Giving games ➢ Final project ➢ Potential changes ❖ Course Content ❖ Advertising and Recruiting ❖ Speakers ❖ Financial Management ➢ Banking ➢ Sources of Money ➢ Financial management issues ■ Communication Issues ■ Payment Issues ■ Reimbursement Issues ➢ Potential changes ❖ Website ❖ Final Project ➢ Goals ➢ Winning project ➢ Potential changes ❖ Evidence of Impact ➢ Collection ➢ Outcomes ➢ Potential changes ❖ Future Plans ❖ Funding Goals ❖ One Page Summary Background ● Oliver Habryka and I taught a studentled class (“DeCal”) during the Spring 2015 semester at UC Berkeley called The Greater Good, on effective altruism ● The class was taught under the banner of Effective Altruists of Berkeley, a student organization we founded the previous semester ● Overall, I think it was a success and satisfied most of our initial goals (details below) Goals ● Goals for the class: ○ Primarily, we wanted to recruit people for our newly created Effective Altruists of Berkeley club ■ Having to engage with/debate EA for a semester beforehand would allow people to really understand if they wanted to become involved in it ■ It would also allow them to contribute to the club’s projects without having to be given a whole lot of background first ■ We also felt that going through a class together first would -
OFTW's 2020 Annual Report
August 2020 One for the World Annual Report [email protected] Executive Summary Introduction Current state of play | Performance | Lessons learnt | Outstanding questions Financial Metrics Donations in Year | Impact Snapshot | Recruitment | Donor Retention & Activation | Chapter Performance Our Growth FY20 & FY21 Financials | School Expansion | Our Partners Looking Ahead The Next Year | Lessons Learnt | Outstanding Questions | SWOT Analysis Our Charities Charity selection process | Our charities FY21 Strategy | July 2020 Dear Friends and Supporters Welcome to OFTW’s 2019/2020 annual report! I’m going to be honest - it’s a little hard to know what to say about this year. On the one hand, the world was turned upside down by coronavirus and our operating model was suddenly no longer viable. Then the Black Lives Matter protests brought home the searing consequences of social injustice in the US and elsewhere, and our passionate volunteers were understandably moved to get involved. One for the World HQ hasn’t met face-to-face since March and I was personally unable to move to the US as planned and now find myself in Berlin, waiting to see when American visas become available again. However, in amongst these extraordinary, unprecedented times, One for the World continues to offer thousands of genuinely heart-warming reminders that, together, we can revolutionize charitable giving to end extreme poverty. Our wonderful, passionate, relentless chapter leaders brought 750 new pledgers onboard in the Fall semester alone. Our inspiring members contributed $312k to the world’s most cost-effective charities (a 40% year-on-year increase). 42 new chapters started the setting up process during a global pandemic. -
Dana Pāramī (The Perfection of Giving)
Dana Pāramī (The Perfection of Giving) Miss Notnargorn Thongputtamon Research Scholar, Department of Philosophy and Religion, Faculty of Arts, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India [email protected] Received Dec 14,2018; Revised Mar 4, 2019; Accepted May 29, 2019 ABSTRACT Every religion in the world likes to teach that charity is important. This is the case with Buddhism also. The Buddha describes the three central practices as Dana (generosity), Sila (morality) and Bhavana (meditation). Bhikkhu Bodhi writes, “the practice of giving is universally recognized as one of the most basic human virtues”, and Susan Elbaum Jootle confirms that it is a basis of merit or wholesome kamma and when practiced in itself, it leads ultimately to liberation from the cycle of repeated existence”. Buddhists do not seek publicity for charity. But it is the practice of the vehicle of great enlightenment (mahābodhiyāna) to improve their skillfulness in accumulating the requisites for enlightenment. We now undertake a detailed explanation of the Dana Pāramī. Keywords: Dana (generosity), Bhavana (meditation), Sila (morality) 48 The Journal of The International Buddhist Studies College What are the Pāramis? For the meaning of the Pāramīs, the Brahmajāla Sutta explains that they are the noble qualities such as giving and etc., accompanied by compassion and skillful means, untainted by craving and conceit views (Bhikkhu Bodhi, 2007). Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche renders “pāramīs” into English as “transcendent action”. He understands “transcendent action” in the sense of non-egocentric action. He says: “Transcendental” does not refer to some external reality, but rather to the way in which we conduct our lives and perceive the world – either in an egocentric way or non-egocentric way.