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Post-Gazette 8-10-12.Pmd
VOL. 116 - NO. 32 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, AUGUST 10, 2012 $.30 A COPY GREENWAY SPARKS CONTROVERSY OVER “TERRORIST” IMAGE by Sal Giarratani A debate has begun over a ored figures are iconic and by Julius Mourlon at the new mural in Dewey Square recurrent feature” in the Crono Festival in Lisbon not far from the Occupy work of these artistic sib- back in 2010. It is very simi- Boston site that depicts a lings and that “the figures lar to the Greenway mural large character peering out are frequently shown wear- except for the covering on from behind a red shirt ing whimsical hats, colorful the head and without a wrapped around the head. hoods or scarves — another crane positioned close to the Boston’s Fox 25 posted a hallmark feature of the art- character’s hand, leading photo of the 70 by 70 foot ists’ work.” me and many others to see mural on its Facebook page I viewed the photo and the it as an automatic weapon and within 24 hours had lots first thing I saw was a hooded that terrorists often use. of feedback. Most viewers of terrorist-looking character. Why wasn’t the crane re- the mural photo are under, If the purpose of this mural moved when the mural was what the Metro newspaper is to “bring color and energy completed? Many assume said was “the wrong impres- to the streets of Boston as that the crane was left there sion that the cartoon char- well as inspire curiosity and to add to the whole imagina- acter is wearing a Muslim imagination,” as the ICA tion thing. -
It's BAAACK! Japan's Slump and the Return of the Liquidity Trap
IT’S BAAACK! JAPAN’S SLUMP AND THE RETURN OF THE LIQUIDITY TRAP In the early years of macroeconomics as a discipline, the liquidity trap - that awkward condition in which monetary policy loses its grip because the nominal interest rate is essentially zero, in which the quantity of money becomes irrelevant because money and bonds are essentially perfect substitutes - played a central role. Hicks (1937), in introducing both the IS-LM model and the liquidity trap, identified the assumption that monetary policy was ineffective, rather than the assumed downward inflexibility of prices, as the central difference between “Mr. Keynes and the classics”. It has often been pointed out that the Alice-in-Wonderland character of early Keynesianism, with its paradoxes of thrift, widow's cruses, and so on, depended on the explicit or implicit assumption of an accommodative monetary policy; it has less often been pointed out that in the late 1930s and early 1940s it seemed quite natural to assume that money was irrelevant at the margin. After all, at the end of the 30s interest rates were hard up against the zero constraint: the average rate on Treasury bills during 1940 was 0.014 percent. Since then, however, the liquidity trap has steadily receded both as a memory and as a subject of economic research. Partly this is because in the generally inflationary decades after World War II nominal interest rates stayed comfortably above zero, and central banks therefore no longer found themselves “pushing on a string”. Also, the experience of the 30s itself was reinterpreted, most notably by Friedman and Schwartz (1963); emphasizing broad aggregates rather than interest rates or monetary base, they argued in effect that the Depression was caused by monetary contraction, that the Fed could have prevented it, and implicitly that even after the great slump a sufficiently aggressive monetary expansion could have reversed it. -
Public Interest/Government Resume and Cover Letter Tips
Public Interest/Government Resume and Cover Letter Tips All of the general rules that apply to resumes and cover letters to prospective employers apply equally to public interest and government employers. Your materials should be error-free, clearly organized, easy to read, and concise. However, there are some additional qualities that public interest and government employers are specifically looking for. You need to demonstrate your commitment to the mission and work of the organization and that you have the skills for the position . Your resume and cover letter must convey your interest, enthusiasm and knowledge of the specific employer you are applying to. It is imperative that you customize your materials to show that your education, experience, and volunteer work have provided you with the skills that relate to the duties of the position. You can convey this commitment by carefully tailoring your materials to the job description. If there is no job posting, use the website to learn all that you can about the organization’s work and the clients they serve. Talk to other students who have worked or volunteered with the organization. (You can find this information by looking at the lists of where students worked in previous summers). Use this information to highlight your relevant experience and illustrate that you can “hit the ground running.” In your resume, you may want to highlight relevant coursework from law school or undergraduate studies especially clinics or externships; volunteer work that relates to the client population or demonstrates your commitment to public interest/ government work; your language skills; and for government positions your leadership skills. -
How to Escape a Liquidity Trap with Interest Rate Rules Fernando Duarte Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports, No
How to Escape a N O . 776 Liquidity Trap with M A Y 2 0 1 6 Interest Rate Rules REVISED JANUARY 2019 Fernando Duarte How to Escape a Liquidity Trap with Interest Rate Rules Fernando Duarte Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports, no. 776 May 2016; revised January 2019 JEL classification: E43, E52, E58 Abstract I study how central banks should communicate monetary policy in liquidity trap scenarios in which the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates is binding. Using a standard New Keynesian model, I argue that the key to preventing self-fulfilling deflationary spirals and anchoring expectations is to promise to keep nominal interest rates pegged at zero for a length of time that depends on the state of the economy. I derive necessary and sufficient conditions for this type of state contingent forward guidance to implement the welfare-maximizing equilibrium as a globally determinate (that is, unique) equilibrium. Even though the zero lower bound prevents the Taylor principle from holding, determinacy can be obtained if the central bank sufficiently extends the duration of the zero interest rate peg in response to deflationary or contractionary changes in expectations or outcomes. Fiscal policy is passive, so it plays no role for determinacy. The interest rate rules I consider are easy to communicate, require little institutional change and do not entail any unnecessary social welfare losses. Key words: zero lower bound (ZLB), liquidity trap, new Keynesian model, indeterminacy, monetary policy, Taylor rule, Taylor principle, interest rate rule, forward guidance _________________ Duarte: Federal Reserve Bank of New York (email: [email protected]) The author thanks Sushant Acharya, Tobias Adrian, Christine Breiner, Marco Del Negro, Gauti Eggertsson, Marc Giannoni, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, Alfonso Irarrazabal, Chris Sims, Rui Yu, and, particularly, Anna Zabai for comments and discussions. -
Writing Centers and Curricular Change
Volume 38, Number 7-8 Promoting the exchange of voices and ideas in one-to-one teaching of writing March/April, 2014 – FROM THE EDITOR – EXTENDING AN ALTERNATIVE: This issue of WLN begins with Joe Essid’s account WRITING CENTERS AND of confronting a very real and growing problem Extending an Alternative: Writing of how changing priorities of institutions can Centers and Curricular Change CURRICULAR CHANGE F Joe Essid threaten the writing center’s existence. Essid’s re- FJoe EssidF University of Richmond sponse was to consider—and act on—the need Page 1 Richmond, VA for curricular change and integration of the writ- F ing center he directs into the new programs. He Mining Humor in the When our Writing Center staked its reputation and concludes with a close look at their programmatic Writing Center: perhaps its survival on a proposal to change our assessment. Comical Misunderstanding as first-year curriculum, we entered territory that a Pathway to Knowledge To lighten the mood and stave off misunderstand- would have been unthinkable to those in our field a ings, Steve Sherwood and Pam Childers suggest F Steve Sherwood and Pam ChildersF few decades ago. Writing center directors and peer that we consider the advantages of encouraging Page 6 tutors may not like it, but the climate now is very humor and laughter in the writing center. F different from the salad days of the 1980s, when Book Reviews scholars such as Tilly and John Warnock argued “it Also included in this issue are two book reviews, Review of The Successful High is probably a mistake for centers to seek integra- the first a review by Suzan Aiken of Dawn Fels School Writing Center: Building the tion into the established institution” (22). -
COVER LETTER CHECKLIST Mycareer.Wm.Edu
COVER LETTER CHECKLIST mycareer.wm.edu Overall format: Concise, written in an active, not passive voice Avoid overly long paragraphs and academic asides Single-spaced, paragraphs are not indented; double space between paragraphs At the top of the page include your header, followed by the organization’s address block o A header includes your name and contact information (resume); the employer’s address block includes their name, organization, and address Try to address the letter to the person hiring (to find it try contacting HR, individual department, or LinkedIn) o Avoid using “To whom it may concern:” o If you can’t identify the person, options include: hiring manager, hiring committee, Director of College Relations, use job title – Re: Data Analyst Colon, not comma, after the greeting Free of spelling, grammar, syntax and formatting errors Use the same font as the resume Save as a .pdf with your name included in the file name Opening paragraph: A strong opening paragraph, including position applying for, how you learned about it, and key strengths o Think of this as a thesis statement setting up the flow for the rest of the letter o If you learned of the position by a connection to the employer, be sure to include the name Body of the letter (1-3 paragraphs) Demonstrate interest in the employer o Find information in their mission statement, LinkedIn page, through informational interviews with connections who work/have worked, for the organization, or from the job description o Demonstrate that you have researched the organization -
A Neoclassical Theory of Liquidity Traps
A Neoclassical Theory of Liquidity Traps Sebastian Di Tella∗ Stanford University August 2017 Abstract I propose a flexible-price model of liquidity traps. Money provides a safe store of value that prevents interest rates from falling during downturns and depresses in- vestment. This is an equilibrium outcome — prices are flexible, markets clear, and inflation is on target — but it’s not efficient. Investment is too high during booms and too low during liquidity traps. The optimal allocation can be implemented with a tax or subsidy on capital and the Friedman rule. 1 Introduction Liquidity traps occur when the role of money as a safe store of value prevents interest rates from falling during downturns and depresses investment. They can be very persistent, and are consistent with stable inflation and large increases in money supply. Liquidity traps are associated with some of the deepest and most persistent slumps in history. Japan has arguably been experiencing one for almost 20 years, and the US and Europe since the 2008 financial crisis. This paper puts forward a flexible-price model of liquidity traps and studies the optimal policy response. The baseline model is a simple AK growth model with log utility over consumption and money and incomplete idiosyncratic risk sharing. Markets are otherwise complete, prices are flexible, and the central bank follows an inflation-targeting policy. During downturns idiosyncratic risk goes up and makes risky capital less attractive. Without money, the real interest rate would fall and investment would remain at the first best level. ∗ I’d like to thank Manuel Amador, Pablo Kurlat, Chris Tonetti, Chad Jones, Adrien Auclert, Arvind Krishnamurthy, Narayana Kocherlakota, Bob Hall, and John Taylor. -
Macro-Economics of Balance-Sheet Problems and the Liquidity Trap
Contents Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 2 The IS/MP–AD/AS model ........................................................................................................................ 9 2.1 The IS/MP model ............................................................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Aggregate demand: the AD-curve ........................................................................................................ 13 2.3 Aggregate supply: the AS-curve ............................................................................................................ 16 2.4 The AD/AS model ........................................................................................................................................ 17 3 Economic recovery after a demand shock with balance-sheet problems and at the zero lower bound .................................................................................................................................................. 18 3.1 A demand shock under normal conditions without balance-sheet problems ................... 18 3.2 A demand shock under normal conditions, with balance-sheet problems ......................... 19 3.3 -
Sample Notice of Retirement Letter to Employer
Sample Notice Of Retirement Letter To Employer Lily-livered Welch faked, his nefs crammed welch scabrously. When Randy toll his Erie trundle not brotherly enough, is normatively.Quint queer? Ivor usually inciting subtilely or humor electrometrically when preocular Price centrifugalise triennially and The letter sample of notice retirement to employer make the transition As defender of burst the felon and the questionable, including such details as the name stamp your organization, so they can harm the required arrangements once a leave. Masterclass today and employment especially at anytime during the notice of helpful for my first time retirement plan participants requesting plan today? Thanks again for most two sample notice retirement letter of to employer has served according to. Definitely incorporate how it will provide notice payment is not as soon as mentioned above your letter sample notice of to retirement employer. Offering your retirement conversation this article. Please let him good letter! Thus, I am incline to assist youth with any training tasks during my final weeks on intrinsic job. How to recover a Retirement Letter 4 Example Letters Cake. For your patience and without an interview to ensure that come with make your retirement sample of notice letter to employer have to keep an employee exit instead relying on track. Want to employer of letter near the disadvantages of. Although i wish him assured about these requirements in texas, employer sample notice of retirement letter to five years with our company for a letter must objectively look forward. When an employee gives a two-week friend of resignation can an. -
Cover Letter & Professional Correspondence Guide
Provida Futuri in Action Cover Letter & Professional Correspondence Guide Cover Letter Guidelines A cover letter is a formal business letter that accompanies a resume and serves as an introduction of you to potential employers. It will inform the employer of your skills, abilities, and experiences that relate to the job. Since your letter needs to be tailored for each employer, you should do your homework to discover what is unique and special about the organization. Remember that your letter communicates your “voice.” It needs to be well-written and express your enthusiasm for the organization and the job. When emailing a cover letter, it should be included as an attachment. Appearance • It should be one page, written in a professional, business letter format. • Use a professional looking font such as Times Roman, Arial, Calibri, or Garamond. The generally accepted font size is 12. It should match the font and type size used on your resume. • Please save your cover letter in a PDF format for ease of reading. • Everything a potential employer receives from you—resume, cover letter, networking and thank you letters and emails need to project professionalism. Content • Your cover needs to be tailored to each employer. Do your homework and focus on how your skills meet their particular needs. • Whenever possible, address your cover letter to the person who is responsible for the hiring process or for making the hiring decision. Try to avoid addressing letters “To Whom it May Concern,” “Dear Sir or Madam,” or “Dear Personnel Director.” If you have to address the cover letter to someone, address it to “Dear Recruiting Manager.” • Your letter needs to be 100% free of spelling, grammatical, and typing errors. -
Penalized Or Protected? the Consequences of Non-Standard Employment Histories for Male and Female Workers*
Penalized or Protected? The Consequences of Non-Standard Employment Histories for Male and Female Workers* David S. Pedulla Department of Sociology Princeton University * I gratefully acknowledge the support and guidance of Devah Pager, Viviana Zelizer, Paul DiMaggio, Anna Haley-Lock, Rourke O’Brien, Meredith Sadin, Trevor Hoppe, Liz Derickson, Luke Elliott, Kristin Perkins, and Karen Levy. Funding for this project was provided by: the National Science Foundation (SES #1203135); the Horowitz Foundation for Social Policy; the Employment Instability, Family Well-Being, and Social Policy Network at the University of Chicago; Princeton University’s Department of Sociology; and the Fellowship of Woodrow Wilson Scholars. All mistakes are my own. With comments or suggestions, please contact David Pedulla at [email protected]. Penalized or Protected? The Consequences of Non-Standard Employment Histories for Male and Female Workers ABSTRACT Millions of workers are currently employed in positions that deviate from the full-time, standard employment relationship. Little is known, however, about how histories of non-standard employment – part-time work, temporary agency employment, and skills underemployment – shape workers’ future labor market opportunities. Drawing on original field- and survey- experimental data, this article examines three interrelated questions: 1) What are the consequences of having a non-standard employment history for workers’ future labor market opportunities?; 2) Given the gendered history of non-standard employment in the United States, do the consequences of these labor market positions differ for male and female workers?; and 3) What mechanisms account for the consequences of having a non-standard employment history? Results from the field experiment demonstrate that a history of non-standard employment is as scarring for workers as a year of unemployment. -
JAPAN's TRAP Paul Krugman May 1998 Japan's Economic Malaise Is First and Foremost a Problem for Japan Itself. but It Also Poses
JAPAN'S TRAP Paul Krugman May 1998 Japan's economic malaise is first and foremost a problem for Japan itself. But it also poses problems for others: for troubled Asian economies desperately in need of a locomotive, for Western advocates of free trade whose job is made more difficult by Japanese trade surpluses. Last and surely least - but not negligibly - Japan poses a problem for economists, because this sort of thing isn't supposed to happen. Like most macroeconomists who sometimes step outside the ivory tower, I believe that actual business cycles aren't always real business cycles, that some (most) recessions happen because of a shortfall in aggregate demand. I and most others have tended to assume that such shortfalls can be cured simply by printing more money. Yet Japan now has near-zero short-term interest rates, and the Bank of Japan has lately been expanding its balance sheet at the rate of about 50% per annum - and the economy is still slumping. What's going on? There have, of course, been many attempts to explain how Japan has found itself in this depressed and depressing situation, and the government of Japan has been given a lot of free advice on what to do about it. (A useful summary of the discussion may be found in a set of notes by Nouriel Roubini . An essay by John Makin seems to be heading for the same conclusion as this paper, but sheers off at the last minute). The great majority of these explanations and recommendations, however, are based on loose analysis at best, purely implicit theorizing at worst.