Barnstaple Western Bypass Barnstaple North Devon

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BARNSTAPLE WESTERN BYPASS BARNSTAPLE NORTH DEVON

ARCHAEOLOGICAL WATCHING BRIEF AND RECORDING OF SEAWALL

For

HALCROW GROUP LTD

on behalf of

EDMUND NUTTALL LTD

CA REPORT: 05076

AUGUST 2005

BARNSTAPLE WESTERN BYPASS BARNSTAPLE NORTH DEVON

ARCHAEOLOGICAL WATCHING BRIEF AND RECORDING OF SEAWALL

CA PROJECT: 1896 CA REPORT: 05076

Author: David Cudlip

Approved: Cliff Bateman

Signed: …………………………………………………………….

Issue: 03 Date: 19 September 2005

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

CONTENTS

SUMMARY...... 4

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 5

The site ...... 5 Archaeological background...... 6 Aims ...... 10 Methodology ...... 10 Watching Brief Methodology ...... 11

3. RESULTS ...... 12

Area A1 (Fig. 3)...... 12 Area A2 (Fig. 4 and 8b)...... 13 Area B1 (Fig. 3)...... 13 Area B2 ...... 13 Area B3 ...... 14 Area B4 (Fig. 5)...... 14 Area C1 (Fig. 5) ...... 14 The Finds ...... 15 The Biological Evidence...... 15

4 DISCUSSION...... 15

5. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 16

6. REFERENCES ...... 16

APPENDIX 1: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS...... 18

APPENDIX 2: THE ARCHIVE...... 19

2 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:50,000) Fig. 2 Areas of archaeological potential (1:12,500) Fig. 3 Areas A1 and B1: Observed groundworks (1:2500) Fig. 4 Area A2: Observed groundworks (1:2500) Fig. 5 Areas B4 and C1: Observed groundworks (1:5000) Fig. 6 Area A1: Seawall elevation (1:50) Fig. 7a Area A1: Photograph of seawall facing north Fig. 7b Area A1: Photograph of seawall facing east Fig. 8a Area A1: Photograph of seawall facing west Fig. 8b Area A2: Photograph of salt marsh facing east

3 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

SUMMARY

Site Name: Barnstaple Western Bypass Location: Barnstaple, North Devon NGR: SS 5480 3390 to SS 5580 3140 Type: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall Date: February to July 2005 Location of Archive: Museum of Barnstaple and North Devon Site Code: BBD 05

An archaeological watching brief and recording of a seawall was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology (CA) during groundworks associated with the construction of a bypass and associated structures at Barnstaple, North Devon.

A number of post-medieval features were recorded during groundworks, and a portion of the Barnstaple seawall was recorded in advance of its demolition.

4 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Between February and July 2005 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological watching brief and recording of a seawall for Halcrow Group Ltd, on behalf of Edmund Nuttall Ltd, during groundworks associated with the construction of the Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon (Fig. 1).

1.2 The programme of archaeological recording was carried out in compliance with condition 4 of the planning consent, which was put in place to ensure that adequate archaeological investigation and recording was undertaken prior to and during the construction of the bypass.

1.3 The archaeological fieldwork was carried out in accordance with an Archaeological Design prepared by Halcrow Group Ltd (Halcrow 2004), and approved by Devon County Council. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and Guidance for an Archaeological Watching Brief issued by the Institute of Field Archaeologists (1999), Standard and Guidance for the Archaeological Recording of Standing Buildings or Structures (IFA 1999) and Recording Historic Buildings, A Descriptive Specification (RCHME 1996).

The site

1.4 The proposed Barnstaple Western Bypass runs from the A361 Braunton Road at Pottington (NGR SS 5480 3390), across the River Taw and the B3233 to the A39 immediately west of the Exeter to Barnstaple railway line (NGR SS 5580 3140) (see Fig. 2). The scheme proposes a single, two-lane carriageway, four new junctions, a bridge across the River Taw, link roads, cycleways, pathways, underpasses, and other associated structures. The majority of the bypass will be formed on embankments with a single cutting to the west of Barnstaple railway station through Sticklepath Hill.

1.5 The underlying geology of the area is mapped as basal conglomerate of the Carboniferous (Geological Survey 1979).

5 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

Archaeological background

1.6 An Environmental Statement (ES) supporting the planning application for the proposed development was submitted in April 1999. This contained a section on Cultural Heritage (CBA 1997) supported by a Supplementary Report on Archaeological Assessment and Planned Evaluation (CBA / Wessex Archaeology 1999). The Supplementary Report identified several Areas of Archaeological Potential, graded A-C within the road corridor (see Fig. 2):

A – Areas in which evidence for past environments, in both geological and human time, and remains of human activity associated with the present and former courses of the river, may exist

A1 – present and former saltmarshes on the north bank of the River Taw A2 – present and former saltmarshes on the south bank of the River Taw

B – Areas of previously recorded archaeological interest in which there is the potential for further significant archaeological evidence to survive

B1 – site of the former medieval farmstead at Pottington B2 – site of possible medieval and later quays and wharves around Pottington Point and Rolle Quay B3 – the medieval and later town and castle of Barnstaple, and, in the context of the proposed road scheme, particularly the medieval and later castle quay B4 – site of medieval and post-medieval settlement at Pill, Lake; site of Bronze Age activity

C – Specific archaeological and historical features which have the potential to offer limited archaeological information

C1 – all historic landscape features (field boundaries, ditches, drainage systems, ridge and furrow, roads and droveways etc. recorded to the south of Sticklepath Hill running south to Pill and Lake

1.7 The Supplementary Report recommended a programme of further evaluation comprising:

Stage 1 (non-intrusive works) Foreshore survey of the north and south banks of the River Taw Geophysical survey south and west of the railway station Attendance and monitoring of further geotechnical investigations

6 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

Stage 2 (intrusive works) Evaluation trenching Archaeological boreholes

1.8 The results of these investigations are summarised below. Full details can be found in the Archaeological Design (Halcrow 2004) and the individual reports produced by Wessex Archaeology (WA) and GSB Prospection (GSB).

The foreshore survey 1.9 On the northern bank and foreshore of the River Taw features comprising a slipway with adjacent boathouse and mooring posts, two hulks and the northern, post- medieval seawall were recorded within 50m of the survey corridor. Of these features only the seawall was likely to be subject to disturbance by the proposed groundworks. No finds or features of archaeological importance were noted on the southern bank of the river (WA 2003a).

The geophysical survey 1.10 The geophysical survey investigated nine areas south of Barnstaple railway station (Areas C1 and B4). Within C1 the possible remains of field systems and lynchets were identified but could not be dated. In Area B4, possible field systems, ditches and pits were noted, probably of medieval or post-medieval date (GSB 2000).

Monitoring of geotechnical investigations 1.11 The monitoring of these works revealed no deposits of archaeological significance (WA 2000).

Trial trenching 1.12 The mechanical excavation of 28 evaluation trenches was undertaken between the B3233 in the north and the A39 to the south (corresponding with Areas C1 and B4). Throughout Area C1 undated field boundaries, drainage features and isolated postholes were identified. Significant archaeological remains were concentrated towards the south of the route, in the vicinity of Little Pill Farm in Area B4. These comprised subsoil layers containing flint scatters of Late Mesolithic worked flint and quantities of medieval pottery, a hollow way containing 17th century pottery, organic- rich deposits representing the fill of a relict east-flowing tributary of the Taw and an abraded sherd of possible Bronze Age pottery (WA 2004).

7 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

Archaeological Boreholes (Auger Survey) 1.13 The auger survey examined two areas of archaeological potential (Areas A1 and A2) encompassing three different landscape zones; the valley side north of the river, the floodplain south of the river and the northern and southern foreshores. The identified sedimentary sequence comprised a major Pleistocene sand and gravel terrace on the lower slopes of the valley side in Area A1 and a Holocene sequence., Radiocarbon determination of the upper levels of the Holocene sequence indicates the deposits are Late Iron Age or later and therefore precludes the possibility of prehistoric sites within the upper 5m of the valley sediments (WA 2003b).

Archaeological Mitigation 1.14 Following completion of the Stage 1 and 2 evaluation works, and based upon the results of these preliminary works, WA undertook additional archaeological recording in advance of the construction of the bypass. Within Area B4, these works comprised recording the relict watercourse, the Mesolithic flint scatter and the hollow way (see WA 2005 for details).

8 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

2. SCOPE OF CURRENT WORKS

2.1 In addition to the mitigation detailed above a programme of archaeological recording was to be undertaken during the initial construction phase for the bypass. The scope of these works comprised:

Recording of the seawall on the northern foreshore Watching brief during topsoil stripping Post-excavation works

2.2 Table 1 below summarises the proposed mitigation works for each of the areas of potential as agreed following consultation between Halcrow, Devon County Council and Wessex Archaeology.

Area of Initial Present Initial Present Timing Archaeological Development Development Mitigation Mitigation Potential Impact Impact Response Response A1 Bridge pier; Bridge pier; Recording of Recording of Pre- embankment embankment seawall seawall and construction with topsoil with topsoil watching brief for seawall retained in-situ strip on areas of and during ground topsoil strip for stripping watching brief A2 Bridge pier; Bridge pier; NONE Watching brief During topsoil embankment limited areas on areas of strip on made of topsoil topsoil ground stripping in stripping advance of where ground embankment previously on made undisturbed ground B1 Embankment Embankment Watching brief Watching brief During topsoil with topsoil with removal only if topsoil on area of strip retained in-situ of topsoil strip required topsoil strip B2 NONE NONE NONE N/A N/A B3 NONE NONE NONE N/A N/A B4 Embankment Embankment Watching brief Watching brief During topsoil with topsoil with topsoil strip strip and local strip and local bulk bulk excavation excavation C1 Embankment Embankment Watching brief Watching brief During topsoil with topsoil with topsoil strip strip strip throughout throughout

Table 1: Mitigation strategy

9 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

Aims The Seawall 2.3 The aim of the monitoring of the seawall was to:

(i) preserve by record the existing sea wall and to aid the walls subsequent reinstatement.

The Watching Brief

2.4 The aims of the watching brief work were to: (i) observe and record all ground breaking activity and to make a record of deposits including negative evidence and the extent and nature of construction works. (ii) make a written, drawn and photographic record of any archaeological structures, features or deposits (including retrieval of environmental and economic indicators preserved therein) directly affected by the construction activity.

Methodology Recording of the Seawall 2.5 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) undertook a photographic record of the seawall prior to and during dismantling. The photographic record consists of monochrome prints/negatives and colour transparencies taken with a 35mm standard format SLR camera. Digital photographs were also taken to supplement the photographic record. The photographic record includes: (i) General view or views of the sea wall. (ii) Detailed coverage of the walls’ appearance to include any detail, structural or decorative, which is relevant to the design development and use of the structure and which does not show adequately on general photographs. (iii) The walls’ relationship to its setting. (iv) Appropriate record photographs to illustrate the dismantling work in progress and any details of the walls’ construction that were not evident prior to demolition.

2.6 In addition to the photographic record a measured record drawing and written record of the structure was made. All structural units of the wall are labelled in relation to the measured record drawing of the structure. During the dismantling works a programme of archaeological monitoring was maintained by the attendant archaeologist. The monitoring included contingency for further measured and photographic records to be made of details of the walls’ construction not evident prior to demolition. All structural units of the wall were retained and placed in safe storage in a location agreed with the Contractor.

10 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

Watching Brief Methodology

2.7 The archaeological works undertaken at this stage were:

Observation following the progress of the Contractor by a professional archaeologist. Investigation of archaeological remains.

Observation 2.8 CA observed the removal of topsoil, subsoil, made-ground, and superficial geological deposits undertaken by the contractor in Areas A1, A2, B1, B4 and C1.

2.9 The attendant archaeologist was empowered by Halcrow and Devon County Council to release areas devoid of archaeological deposits to the contractor on a daily basis in order that the stripped surface could be rolled in preparation for construction works. Where archaeological remains were identified they were fenced to protect them from construction traffic.

Investigation 2.10 Discovered archaeological remains were characterised as ‘minor’ or ‘significant’ by the attendant archaeologist, with provision to record minor sites immediately with minimal disruption to the construction process. The attendant archaeologist was instructed to report any potentially significant archaeological discoveries to the contractor’s Environmental Manager, who would inform the contractor and the Employer’s Agent.

2.11 The archaeological watching brief followed the Standard and Guidance for an Archaeological Watching Brief issued by the Institute of Field Archaeologists (1999). Written, graphic and photographic records were compiled in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Excavation Recording Manual (1996). Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other samples from Archaeological Sites (2003). All features and spoil were visually scanned for artefacts in accordance with CA Technical Manual 3: Treatment of Finds Immediately After Excavation (1995).

2.12 A site archive shall be prepared that conforms to Appendix 3 of ‘Management of Archaeological Projects’ (English Heritage 1991, ‘MAP2’). The archive will cover all

11 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

finds, samples and records (drawn, written, photographic and electronic) collected and produced during the works. The archive will be fully catalogued, indexed and internally consistent. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the finds and site archive will be deposited with the Museum of Barnstaple and North Devon. In the interim the archive will be stored at CA’s office at Kemble, Gloucestershire.

3. RESULTS

3.1 This section provides an overview of the fieldwork results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts appear in Appendix 1. When the context number is discussed in the text it is shown in parentheses. For ease of reference the results are discussed in area order according to Table 1 (Section 2.2 above).

Seawall (Fig. 6. 7a, 7b and 8a).

3.2 The hand dismantling of the seawall (401) revealed that it was built as a revetment against mud cliff (402). The wall was constructed of randomly coursed local stone, a maximum of two courses wide, bonded with limestone mortar, and was a maximum of 2.45m in height. The western 15m of the recorded seawall was orientated east to west before turning through approximately 135 degrees to run south-west to north- east (see Figs. 7a, 7b and 8a).

3.3 The north-eastern section of the wall survived to a height of 5.05m AOD, with evidence for an extant coping course of local stone suggesting that this was its original construction height. Elsewhere along its alignment the seawall typically survived to a height of 4.5m AOD and was capped by, and often rendered with, modern concrete. No other features or deposits of archaeological interest were recorded during the removal of the wall, and no artefactual material predating the modern period was recovered.

Area A1 (Fig. 3)

3.4 The works in this area comprised the mechanical stripping of a rugby pitch and disused BMX track, and the removal of a length of seawall by hand.

Rugby pitch and BMX track

12 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

3.5 The rugby pitch was sited within the north of Area A1. Turf line and topsoil in this area (600) were mechanically excavated to a depth of 0.3m below the present ground level (BPGL) revealing silty clay subsoil (601) throughout. No archaeological deposits or features were recorded and no artefactual material predating the modern period was recovered.

3.6 At the southern limit of Area A1 modern concrete and tarmac hard standing (300), associated with the former BMX track, were removed to an arbitrary depth of 0.3m BPGL revealing modern make up (301). No deposits or features of archaeological significance were recorded and no artefactual material predating the modern period was recovered.

Area A2 (Fig. 4 and 8b)

3.7 Mechanical stripping of the saltmarsh at the northern extent of Area A2 was undertaken to a depth of 0.4m BPGL revealing alluvial clay (701), overlain by 0.1m of vegetation (700). Further to the south a limited area of topsoil stripping revealed alluvial clays (10001) overlain by topsoil (10002). No deposits or features of archaeological significance were recorded and no artefactual material predating the modern period was recovered.

Area B1 (Fig. 3)

3.8 The initial construction of a haul road throughout Area B1 was undertaken without recourse to topsoil stripping, with road stone being imported and laid directly on top of the in-situ topsoil. A subsequent mechanical topsoil strip was carried out along a 35m wide corridor immediately to the west of this haul road (see Fig 3 for location and extent). This revealed topsoil (200) immediately sealing subsoil (201) at a depth of 0.3m BPGL. No deposits or features of archaeological significance were recorded and no artefactual material predating the modern period was recovered.

Area B2

3.9 No archaeological intervention was required in this area.

13 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

Area B3

3.10 No archaeological intervention was required in this area.

Area B4 (Fig. 5)

3.11 Throughout the majority of Area B4, intrusive groundworks associated with advanced Statutory Undertakers had truncated the original soil profiles prior to CA’s attendance. A limited topsoil strip along the route of a construction haul road was monitored revealing topsoil (500) immediately sealing silty clay subsoil (501) at a depth of 0.2m BPGL. Within a limited area in the south-west of Area B4, excavation was undertaken to the top of natural clay substrate (502), which was revealed 0.35m BPGL overlain by subsoil (501); this was in turn sealed by topsoil (500). No deposits or features of archaeological significance were recorded and no artefactual material predating the modern period was recovered.

Area C1 (Fig. 5)

3.12 Within an area of road cutting through Sticklepath Hill (Chainage 2100 to 2400) the mechanical excavations were archaeologically observed to the top of natural clay and shale substrate (105), which was typically revealed at a depth of 0.5m BPGL. These natural deposits were overlain by subsoil (102), which in turn was sealed by topsoil (101). A north-east to south-west aligned linear ditch (112) and associated bank (113) were recorded at Chainage 2290 (NGR SS 5559 3336) forming a continuation of an extant hedge bank immediately beyond the western limit of the road corridor.

3.13 Throughout the southern section of Area C1 (Chainage 2400 to 2990) the road corridor was typically stripped to a depth of 0.4m BPGL. Due to variations in the depth of subsoil (102), natural clay substrate (103) was revealed only sporadically within this stripped area.

3.14 An irregular shaped pit (104) was cut into the natural substrate at Chainage 2590 (NGR SS 5567 3223). It contained burnt stone and clinker within silty clay matrix (103) and was sealed by the subsoil (102). No datable remains were recovered from this feature.

14 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

3.15 Three linear ditches (106, 108, and 110) were recorded cutting subsoil (102) (see Fig. 5 for locations). Associated with each ditch were remnant hedge banks (107, 109, and 111) respectively. All were aligned north-east to south-west and formed continuations of extant hedgerows immediately beyond the western boundary of the bypass corridor. These features were immediately sealed by topsoil (101). No other features or deposits of archaeological significance were recorded and no artefactual material predating the modern period was recovered.

The Finds

3.16 No artefactual material predating the modern period was observed during the current works. Consequently no artefactual material has been retained.

The Biological Evidence

3.17 Although considered for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2, no deposits were sampled during the course of this evaluation due to the risk of modern contamination and indeed the paucity of archaeological features predating the post-medieval period.

4 DISCUSSION

4.1 The programme of archaeological recording identified no significant archaeological remains within the area of observed groundworks. Undoubtedly the limited nature of the groundworks, with the exception of the road cutting in the north of Area C1, which were largely restricted to the removal of topsoil has reduced the ability to identify archaeological features.

4.2 However, the paucity of artefactual material retrieved during the watching brief from within the topsoil and the low archaeological potential of the road corridor in general, as highlighted by the preceding programme of archaeological investigations, is perhaps indicative that few if any major archaeological sites will have been missed during the current works.

15 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

4.3 Of the recorded archaeological features, the majority are post-medieval field boundaries that are also visible as extant earthworks beyond the road corridor. Pit (104) remained undated although its position within the stratigraphic sequence, being the only feature sealed by subsoil, may indicate that it is of some antiquity.

4.4 The hand dismantling of the seawall (401) on the northern foreshore of the River Taw indicates that the wall was constructed as a revetment against the mud cliffs.

5. CA PROJECT TEAM

5.1 Fieldwork was undertaken by David Cudlip and Allen Wright. This report was compiled by David Cudlip. The illustrations were prepared by Lorna Gray and Elizabeth Hargreaves. The archive has been compiled by David Cudlip, and prepared for deposition by Ed McSloy. The project was managed for CA by Cliff Bateman and Neil Holbrook.

6. REFERENCES

BGS (British Geological Survey) 1979 Geological Map of The United Kingdom (South) 3rd edition Solid 1:625,000 series

Halcrow Group Limited 2004: Barnstaple Western Bypass Archaeological Design Report December 2004

CBA (Chris Blandford Associates) 1997 Barnstaple Western Bypass and Urban Relief Road Stage 4, Environmental Statement. Phase A: Volume 2, Part 2; Cultural Heritage. Unpublished client report W144-R01-EA

CBA/WA (Chris Blandford Associates/Wessex Archaeology) 1999 Barnstaple Western Bypass Environmental Assessment: Archaeological Assessment and Planned Evaluation Supplementary Report. Unpublished client report

GSB (GSB Prospection) 2000 Geophysical Survey Report 2000/06, Barnstaple Western Bypass. Unpublished client report

16 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

WA (Wessex Archaeology) 2000 Barnstaple Western Bypass: Archaeological Observation of Site Investigations. Unpublished client report 46972.01

WA 2003a Barnstaple Downstream Bridge and Western Bypass: Archaeological Foreshore Survey. Unpublished client report 53757.01

WA 2003b Barnstaple Downstream Bridge and Western Bypass: Geoarchaeology of the Alluvium of the Taw Valley West of Barnstaple. Unpublished client report 53746.01 WA 2004 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Devon: Archaeological Evaluation Report. Unpublished client report 53746.01

WA 2005 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Devon: Archaeological Excavation Assessment and Updated Archaeological Design. Unpublished client report 56500.01

17 Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief and Recording of Seawall © Cotswold Archaeology

APPENDIX 1: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

AREA A1 Rugby Pitch 600 Turf and topsoil 0.3m deep 601 Silty clay subsoil at limit of excavation BMX Track 300 Hard standing 0.3m deep 301 Modern make up at limit of excavation Seawall 401 Random coursed seawall 2.3m high 402 Mud cliff AREA A2 Salt Marsh 700 Salt tolerant vegetation 0.1m deep 701 Humic dark brown clay 0.4m to limit of excavation Turning Circle 1000 Topsoil 0.25m deep 1001 Subsoil at limit of excavation AREA B1 200 Topsoil 0.3m deep 201 Subsoil at limit of excavation AREA B4 500 Topsoil 0.2m deep 501 Silty clay subsoil 0.3m deep 502 Natural substrate at limit of excavation AREA C1 101 Topsoil 0.3m deep 102 Silty clay subsoil 0.2m deep 103 Fill of pit 104 104 Cut of pit 105 Natural clay substrate 106 Ditch cut 107 Bank 108 Ditch cut 109 Bank 110 Ditch cut 111 Bank 112 Ditch cut 113 Bank 114 Ditch fill of 106 115 Ditch fill of 108 116 Ditch fill of 110 117 Ditch fill of 112

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APPENDIX 2: THE ARCHIVE

A Site Archive shall be prepared that conforms to Appendix 3 of ‘Management of Archaeological Projects’ (English Heritage 1991, ‘MAP2’). The archive shall cover all finds, samples and records (drawn, written, photographic and electronic) collected and produced during the works. The archive shall be fully catalogued, indexed and internally consistent.

The site archive shall conform with the requirements of the receiving museum and the Guidelines For The Preparation Of Excavation Archives For Long-Term Storage (Walker K, UKIC Archaeology Section Sponsored By The Museums And Galleries Commission), Standards In The Museum Care Of Archaeological Collections (Museums And Galleries Commission 1992) And The Selection, Retention And Dispersal Of Archaeological Collections; Guidelines For Use In England, Wales And Northern Ireland (The Society Of Museum Archaeologists 1993). The Museum of Barnstaple and North Devon have been approached to curate the archive generated from these works. In the interim, the archive will be stored at CA offices at Kemble, Gloucestershire

Description Quantity Context sheets 32

Trench recording sheets 8 Photographs: colour slides 71 Photographs: black and white 64 Photographs: digital 113 Drawings: plans 1 Drawings: section 1

19 Reproduced from the 2004 Ordnance Survey Landranger map with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office N c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeological Trust AL50196A

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COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY

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(P a t h in ) Dra

Issues

Drai

7760 Issues Sinks Sinks Sinks Collects 5558 Spreads Sinks Issues

Issues Sinks

rra a iin n

D r a i n

Issues

PILL LANE Pond

Sinks Sinks Issues Issues

SS 0 100m

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY site areas of previously recorded B archaeological interest in which PROJECT TITLE areas in which evidence for there is the potential for further Barnstaple Western Bypass, A past environments in both significant archaeological Barnstaple, North Devon geological and human time evidence to survive and remains of human activity FIGURE TITLE associated with the present specific archaeological and Areas of archaeological potential and former courses of the C historic features which have the river may exist potential to offer limited archaeological information SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. 1:12,500@A4 1896 2 Pon d 650

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with the permission of 5555505 Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office N c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeological Trust AL50196A

700

Sinks

BRA UN TON RO AD

Issues 750

DRIVE

GTON

POTTIN 800 B1

850

900

335 950

1000

Drain

1050

1100

Photographs 7a, 7b, 8a & 8b 1150

A1 1200

Water n High Mea

1250 SS 0 250m site COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY observed topsoil strip 1300 PROJECT TITLE road built over in situ topsoil Barnstaple Western Bypass, observed seawall removed Barnstaple, North Devon FIGURE TITLE area in which evidence for past area of previously recorded Areas A1 and B1: A1River Taw environments in both geological and B1 archaeological interest in which human time and remains of human there is the potential for further Observed groundworks activity associated with the present and significant archaeological SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. former courses of the river may exist - evidence to survive - site of present and former saltmarshes on the former medieval farmstead at 1:2500@A4 1896 north bank of the River Taw Pottington 3 Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office N c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeological Trust AL50196A 1350 Water 550 Mean High

Water Mean High

1400

1450

1500

330 MHW

M HW MHW

1550

M ean High

W at er

Drain 1600

rain

Drain 1650

Drain

rain D

rain D 1700

Drain

rain D A2

1750 Drain Drain

550

450

1800 500

400

1850 350

300 1900

250 CLEVE ROAD

1950 El Sub Sta

200 SSSS 0 250m

150

2000 STICKLEPATH HILL 100 COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY

HIGH WALL site PROJECT TITLE 50

High Wall Barnstaple Western Bypass, observed topsoil strip Barnstaple, North Devon 2050 area in which evidence for past FIGURE TITLE A2 environments in both geological and Area A2: Observed groundworks human time and remains of human activity associated with the present and former courses of the river may exist - present and former saltmarshes on the SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. 2100 south bank of the River Taw 1:2500@A4 1896 4 TE TH

STICKLEPA

Drain

1950 Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with the permission of 560

Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office

S XI

TA N c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeological Trust AL50196A

TA X I M TA X

I ea

TA IS AX X T TH HILL I n H TA X ig I

e 2000 r

2050

2100

2150

STICKLEPATH COURT

2200

2250

2300

ditch

e 112 an H

2350 h

e r

n High

2400 Mea

Taw

lk ditch a h W

t er ou

S 110 Riv 2450

2500

2550 pit

ELIZABETH DRIVE 104

Spring 2600

EW ROAD 2650 DR C1

ditch MHW 108 2700 320 Drain

lk a

2750 at

High

Sinks

W MH 2800 ditch 106

2850 Drain

in 2900 Dra

M e a n H ig h W at e r

2950

D rain

Drain 3000 Drain

Well

Dra 3050 in

B4 Mea

n High D rain Wat

S er e v e n B ret h re n B a n k (Path 3100 )

Issues

D rain 3150 7760

5558

3200 Drain SS Pond 0 500m 3250

siteSinks Sinks Issues Issues COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY observed topsoil strip PROJECT TITLE archaeological feature Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon area of previously recorded specific archaeological and FIGURE TITLE B4 archaeological interest in which C1 historic features which have the there is the potential for further potential to offer limited Area B4 and C1; significant archaeological archaeological information - all evidence to survive - site of historic landscape fetaures Observed groundworks medieval and post-medieval recorded to the south of SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. settlement at Pill, Lake; site Sticklepath Hill running to of Bronze Age activity Pill and Lake 1:5000@A4 1896 5 W E 5m AOD

SW NE

stone red cement obscured

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY

PROJECT TITLE Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon FIGURE TITLE South facing elevation of sea wall SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. 0 5m 1:50@A3 1896 6 7a

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY 7a Area A1 seawall, facing north PROJECT TITLE Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon FIGURE TITLE 7b Area A1 seawall, facing east Photographs

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. n/a 1896 7 8a

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY 8a Area A1 seawall, facing west PROJECT TITLE Barnstaple Western Bypass, Barnstaple, North Devon FIGURE TITLE 8b Area A2 salt marsh, facing north Photographs

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. n/a 1896 8