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Durham E-Theses Durham E-Theses The Old Testament exegesis of Lancelot Andrewes, William Laud and John Cosin, as representative of the 'Caroline Divines' Gray, Melvyn Dixon How to cite: Gray, Melvyn Dixon (2007) The Old Testament exegesis of Lancelot Andrewes, William Laud and John Cosin, as representative of the 'Caroline Divines', Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1823/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 E OLD TESTAMENT EXEGESIS OF LANCELOT ANDREWES, [LLIAM LAUD AND JOHN COSIN, AS REPRESENTATIVE OF THE `CAROLINE DIVINES' MELVYN DIXON GRAY The copyright of this thesis rests with the author or the university to which it was submitted. No quotation from it, or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author or university, and any information derived from it should be acknowledged. Ph.D. 2007 07 JUN2007 VOLUME I M. D. Gray: The Old Testament Exegesis of Lancelot Andrewes, William Laud and John Cosin, as representative of the `Caroline Divines'. (Abstract) Andrewes's `XCVI Sermons' provide evidence of the style, exegetical methods and beliefs which were to become characteristic of the school which followed him, known collectively as the `Caroline divines'. The sermons are `witty', with high-flown language mixed with homely illustrations, colloquial expressions and explanation of Hebrew terms. The humour is sometimes, not always, donnish. His exegetical methods are here examined, and his keenness on `authorities' (Bible, Fathers, rabbis, et al). He reads the Old Testament always in the light of the New, often demonstrating typology of Christ, New Testamentevents and Christian doctrine. There is far less Old Testament material in Laud and Cosin, yet enough to show their dependence on Andrewes as they deal with the themes of order, Divine Right, the monarch as Supreme Governor of the Church, the people's duty, and apologetic against both Rome and the Puritans. All three produced private prayers which have been much used (though only Cosin's were intended for the use of others). These display remarkable dependence on the Old Testament, especially Psalms. They all treat of the Decalogue too (Andrewes devoting a work to it). We seehow in their different circumstances,in the 1630sand 1660s,Laud and Cosin were able to put Caroline principles into practice. On Old Testament exegesis, The Puritans are shown to have much in common with the Carolines, as are the `Rationalists', and their divergences are discovered. A chapter is devoted to Hebrew and allied scholarship before and during the Seventeenth Century, so as to describe the academic foundation of Andrewes, Laud, Cosin et al., and the linguistic and other tools (e.g. rabbinics) available to them. Conclusions include the acknowledgementof a wide spectrumof belief on both `sides', together with the considerable agreementbetween them (especially on Old Testament exegesis) and observationson the vexed question of how far the Carolines were innovators. CONTENTS page INTRODUCTION 8 .................................................................................................... CHAPTER 1: LANCELOT ANDREWES: SERMONS (style and method) BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 12 ................................................................................................................... STYLE Andrewes 15 the preacher........................................................................................................................ Use language 17 of .................................................................................................................................. divisions 22 Construction: ....................................................................................................................... 24 Construction: other techniques........................................................................................................... Versions 27 .............................................................................................................................................. knowledge 29 Biblical ............................................................................................................................. Linguistic 30 competence ........................................................................................................................ 34 Extra-Biblical sources......................................................................................................................... METHOD debt 37 His to previous schools............................................................................................................... 39 Mediaeval exegesis............................................................................................................................. The Fathers 40 ......................................................................................................................................... 41 Typology ........................................................................................................................ 42 Rabbinic exegesis............................................................................................................................... New Testament 44 The ............................................................................................................................ Literalism 45 ............................................................................................................................................ CHAPTER 2: LANCELOT ANDREWES: SERMONS (content) Typology Christ 49 of .............................................................................................................................. 52 Anti-types ........................................................................................................................................... The Old Testament 52 ................................................................... ....................... a,. 2 Historical typology: Israel England 54 and ............................................................................................. War 55 ..................................................................................................................................................... Rebels 56 ................................................................................................................................................. Monarchy divine 59 and right .................................................................................................................. Anarchy 62 ............................................................................................................................................ 64 ...... and order ..................................................................................................................................... Bishop King 66 and ................................................................................................................................. Supreme Governor the Church 70 of ....................................................................................................... Monarch Church: identity interests 73 and of .......................................................................................... Englishness 75 ......................................................................................................................................... Doctrine 76 .............................................................................................................................................. Epilogue(s) 78 .......................................................................................................................................... CHAPTER 3: WILLIAM LAUD NOTE 80 BIOGRAPHICAL .................................................................................................................. Andrewes 82 The disciple of ................................................................................................................... SERMONS: Style 85 and texts ..................................................................................................................................... The Divine Right Kings 89 of .................................................................................................................. Church State:the King SupremeGovernor both 93 and of ..................................................................... Order 95 - and obedience........................................................................................................................ TEXTS AND VERSIONS: Versions 99 .............................................................................................................................................. Hebrew, Septuagint
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