Elliptical Cross Training

E5 OWNERʼS MANUAL ELLIPTICAL CROSS TRAINING Proper ergonomics transform workouts Critical ergonomic factors When it comes to elliptical cross trainers, the newest and While biomechanics are integral in developing elliptical cross fastest growing category of fitness equipment, all definitely trainers, ergonomics is really where the rubber hits the road. are not created equal. Anyone can step onto several Ergonomics is the science of adapting external conditions to different machines and quickly realize that each has its own suit individuals, or in this case, using biomechanical analysis very distinct motion and feel, unlike other fitness equipment to build the best feeling elliptical cross trainers to satisfy such as treadmills and stationary bikes. exercisers and deliver results. An elliptical cross trainer is a unique combination of a stair The essential ergonomic factors for elliptical cross trainers climber and a cross-country ski machine, requiring the feet all contribute to its motion or feel, and exercisers should to follow an elliptical motion that typically goes forward or evaluate the following when choosing equipment: reverse. Some units also include arms that engage the upper body as well. The advantage of these total-body machines Stride length - Either extreme, long or short, can cause is that they require on upright, weight bearing position in hyperextension in the hip joint in the forward motion as a natural, closed kinetic chain while training all the bodyʼs well as unnatural, forced hip flexion when going in reverse, major muscle groups - including the gluteals, hamstrings, and both can cause discomfort. The optimal stride length quadriceps, calves, lats, chest, deltoids, biceps, and triceps of 18.5”, should comfortably accommodate the majority of - which, worked together, result in maximum calorie burn and individuals in both forward and reverse motion. distinguishes ellipticals from virtually all other cardiovascular equipment. Stride angle / height - This refers to the shape of the actual ellipse, whether it is more circular or oblong. It should not Quality elliptical machines foster a smooth, natural, low- feel too vertical like a stair climber of cycle or too flat like a impact cardiovascular workout that challenges everyone cross-country skier. The result is a natural, comfortable ride from beginners to elite athletes. Studies have shown that that optimally engages all major lower body muscles. compared to other exercises, total body elliptical cross trainers require significant oxygen consumption and result in Stride width / pedal spacing - The wider the space high caloric expenditure for efficient, effective workouts. between the pedals, the greater the hips shift laterally during Also, total body machines that disperse the exercise the movement, which can create lower back pain. In addition, throughout enable exercisers to work at higher intensities a wide stance feels distinctly unnatural, since people walk without actually perceiving greater exertion. and run with their feet and legs close together. It is easy to see why these machines are tremendously Pedal acceleration - Anyone who has tried several brands popular, but before investing in an elliptical cross trainer, it is of ellipticals immediately notices the difference in how critical to evaluate its overall feel. quickly and smoothly the pedals move. Some are faster on the downstroke and drag on the upswing, others have The importance of biomechanics a “kick” on the upswing that unnaturally propels the pedals Biomechanics, which is the study of human movement, is an and can throw exercisers off balance. Without steady pedal important consideration for any piece of fitness equipment, acceleration, the result is an uncomfortable and potentially but even more so with the elliptical cross trainer due to the unsafe movement. complexity and variance of its movement. For the optimum workout, the machine must fit the exerciser; individuals Inertia - Inertia deals with the amount of effort it requires to should never be required to adapt their posture, position of get the pedals moving. With too much inertia, it is difficult to movement pattern to fit a piece of equipment. Elliptical get the machine going, but once started, momentum kicks in cross trainers ideally should simulate how the body naturally and relieves exercisers of significant effort, which takes away moves for people of various shapes and sizes. from the workout. The motion on an elliptical cross trainer should replicate Pedal articulation - In most elliptical machines, the ankle movements like walking or running, which involve similar joint engages in dorsi flexion on the downstroke and plantar biomechanics. Engineers therefore must consider flexion on the upstroke. Excessive plantar flexion leads to numerous factors to make the exercise biomechanically transient paresthesia, a “numb toe” condition due to correct while eliminating unnatural alignment of excessive, compression of nerves in the foot, and extreme dorsi flexion repetitive stress or torque. can limit knee and hip extension, which are essential for a complete range of motion. On most elliptical cross trainers, the biomechanical analysis is as follows: the body moves in a linear direction through Upper body pivot point and range of motion - Unlike flexion and extension at numerous joints in the sagittal treadmills, stationary cycles and stair climbers, many plane, including the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle. elliptical cross trainers engage the upper body in movements Machines with arms may also include a minimal amount of that should be synchronized with leg motion. Arm handles radial and ulnar deviation in the frontal plane at the wrist should simulate natural shoulder and arm flexion and joint. Also, in total body units, the erector spinae may en- extension as seen in walking or running, and that excessive gage in a bit of rotation in the transverse plane throughout radial or ulnar deviation may cause wrist discomfort. the range of motion. 2 HEART RATE TRAINING Heart Rate Training Maximizes Advances in fitness equipment Premium cardiovascular machines feature technology that Performance facilitates accurate heart rate monitoring using telemetry or During exercise, the heart beat, or pulse rate, is a valuable hand sensors. With telemetry, exercisers wear a chest strap, gauge of intensity level - the more vigorous the workout, the and the machine wirelessly picks up the heartʼs signal and faster the heart must pump to deliver oxygen rich blood to displays the heart rate on the console. Some manufacturers hard working muscles. Research shows that exercising in also offer hand sensors that exercisers grip to get a heart target heart rate zones is the best way to improve rate reading. Because muscle contraction interference can cardiovascular health while preventing under-training which cause erratic readings with hand sensors, telemetry is minimizes results, as well as over-training and risking injury generally more accurate. or burnout. Essentially, it amounts to smarter, more effective workouts. Some fitness equipment also offers pre-designed programs that take the guesswork out of heart rate training by keeping Cardiovascular exercise should be performed at 55% to 90% exercisers at predetermined heart rate zones. For example, of oneʼs maximum heart rate (MHR), one way to determine in a workout that requires 80% MHR, the machine picks up your MHR is by using the following equation: 220-age=MHR. the heart rate from the exerciserʼs chest strap and Or by using a chart: automatically varies resistance levels so the user maintains the proper intensity. The advantage is that exercisers donʼt have to continually monitor and readjust to ensure that they are at the appropriate level because the machine does it for them. These programs also provide valuable variety, enhance motivation and help improve performance. Technology boost heart rate monitoring Heart rate can be measured by palpating an artey and counting the beats. But even simpler is using a heart monitor, which consists of a strap worn around the chest that picks up the heartʼs electric signal and a wristband receiver that displays the number of beats. Quality monitors are nearly as accurate as clinical EKGʼs. The first heart rate monitor was developed in 1977 as a training tool for the Finnish National Cross Country Ski Team. During the 1980s, heart rate monitoring became more popular with athletes, as they saw its effectiveness in enhancing their performance. Endurance athletes like elite runners, competitive cyclists, and even Olympic athletes have attested to better overall results due to heart rate training. 3 IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS Save these instructions Assembly Failure to follow any of the following safety instructions may If you have elected to assemble this product yourself, result in injury or serious health problem: please read and follow each of the steps in the enclosed assembly instructions. It is recommended that assembly •Use this exercise product only as intended and be performed by an authorized retailer. If you have any described in this Ownerʼs Manual. questions regarding any part or function of your E5, contact Do not use attachments not recommended by the your retailer. manufacturer. •Never drop or insert any object into any opening, or Moving your E5 Your E5 has a pair of transport wheels built into the front on the Pedal Arm Guide Rails. foot. It is easy to move your E5 by picking up the back end and rolling it on the front wheels. •Do not place fingers, feet or any other object into or near the moving parts. Placement in your home •Never turn foot pedals, pedal arms or crank by It is important that you place your E5 in a comfortable and hand. inviting room. Your E5 is designed to use minimal floor space. Many people will place their E5 facing the TV or a •To avoid entanglement and possible injury, do not picture window. To make exercise a desirable daily activity expose hands or arms to the drive mechanism. for you the E5 should be in attractive setting. •Do not dismount the E5 until the pedals are at a complete stop.

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