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Novembre 2011 PRO NATURA NOVARA ONLUS GRUPPO MALACOLOGICO NOVARESE Gianfranco Vischi ([email protected]) n. 12 – Novembre 2011 LA CYPRAEA GUTTATA UNA REGINA TRA LE CYPREE Paolo Cesana In malacologia, per gli appassionati, le conchiglie sono tutte belle, c'è chi predilige le Cypree, chi gli spinosi Muricidi o Spondylidi, chi i Conidi e cosi via...ce n'è per tutti i gusti, ma a tal proposito, uno può dire: c'è gusto e gusto, ma di fronte alla Cypraea (o meglio alla Perisserosa) guttata (Gmelin, 1791) nessuno può negare di essere di fronte a una splendida conchiglia, anche per chi (e sono pochi) non prediligono le Cypree. Gli Schilder, nel 1961 la inserirono nel genere Erosaria, ma anche se affine ad esse, Meyer la ripropose al genere originale coniato da Iredale nel 1930, e cioè Perisserosa come nuovo genere, a giustificare oltre la bellezza unica, anche dal punto di vista genetico, un genere a se stante. Veniamo ora alla descrizione. La Perisserosa guttata, è una splendida cypraea inconfondibile, di forma ovale-romboidale, con le estremità rostrate, ornate dalla tipica dentellatura marginale colorata delle parenti simili del genere Erosaria. Il dorso è di un nocciola-arancio, splendidamente vistoso e segnato da lacune maculari circolari bianche. La base, a sfondo bianco è coloratissima, è marcata da lunghi denti rosso scuro che la tratteggiano interamente, e risalgono attraverso un ampia macchia basale dello stesso colore dei denti, lungo i margini callosi bianchi; a proposito dei margini callosi, la forma filippina estremamente callosa è appunto detta (senza appartenenza a sottospecie) come ''guttata bicallosa''. La misura della guttata nominale varia dai 35 ai 77 mm. (in media 50 - 70). Il suo areale è il Pacifico occidentale, lungo le coste fino alle Filippine, Melanesia, Vietnam, Giappone, fino a toccare le coste del Queensland, dove vive in anfratti rocciosi, tra i 20 e i 150 m. di fondale. Sono note poche sottospecie (o forse solo variazioni geografiche secondo alcuni). Una di queste è la guttata surinensis (Raybaudi, 1978) caratterizzata da nicchio più piccolo e ovale, con la base quasi interamente coperta dalla macchia scura basale, la quale interrompe la dentatura che, analogamente alla forma tipica, riprende all'esterno della base e risale sui bordi abbondantemente. Il suo dorso è in genere più scuro della forma tipica, con maculature bianche più piccole e fitte. La lunghezza varia tra i 35 e i 65 mm. (in media 40 - 55). E' forma tipica dell' oceano Indiano, dalle Maldive alla Thailandia, Malacca e baia del Bengala (dove è chiamata come forma '' surinensis bengalensis' ). Vive a grandi profondità, in genere oltre il centinaio di metri. Infine la ''forma giapponese'' fino al Mar della Cina, è invece detta guttata azumai. Ha in genere colorazione più pallida delle altre forme, anch'essa con le caratteristiche macchiette bianche; anche la base è generalmente di colorazione più pallida, la sua lunghezza è in media tra i 40 e i 65 mm. Per concludere, ora basta ammirare le splendide immagini allegate di queste stupende conchiglie, e capirete il perché le ho chiamate '' regine tra le Cypree ''. 1 2 Cyp. Guttata surinensis bengalensis 3 Cyp. Guttata azumai La Superfamiglia Conoidea tra passione e pazienza (5-2011) Alberto Assi Gentili collezionisti ed appassionati continuiamo il percorso intrapreso inserendo così altre specie: il “Conus medoci”, il “Conus ammiralis” , il “Conus bengalensis” ed il “Conus algoensis”. Ripetiamo sempre che l’approccio con le specie sarà di natura estremamente semplificata per non ripetere ciò che le numerose pubblicazioni già riportano in maniera esaustiva, ma si rappresenteranno le loro varietà le quali saranno nominate con (v) anche se questa denominazione non è contemplata dal codice per la Nomenclatura Zoologica ICZN 4° edizione in vigore ma serve per distinguere le varietà stesse (si spera che, come in botanica, i ranghi tassonomici vengano riconosciuti fino alla forma ed alla varietà !!). Conus medoci (Lorenz, 2004) Conoidea - conidae puncticuliinae - dendroconus - medoci Il dendroconus medoci è presente lungo le coste del Madagascar. Rispetto all’olotipo in figura vi sono una forma e 5 varietà: La (f) “armeniaca” presenta una colorazione particolarmente ocra e bande grossolane. La forma è presente in tutta l’area geografica di riferimento. La (v) “brown band” presenta bande ben definite marroni. Questa varietà è presente in tutta l’area geografica di riferimento. La (v) “brown fuzzy band” presenta bande sfuocate ma marroni. Questa varietà è presente in tutta l’area geografica di riferimento. La (v) “fuzzy band” presenta bande sfuocate. Questa varietà è presente in tutta l’area geografica di riferimento. La (v) “large band” presenta fasce di colore molto grandi. Questa varietà è presente in tutta l’area geografica di riferimento. La (v) “purple band” presenta bande rosa/viola. Questa varietà è presente in tutta l’area geografica di riferimento. 4 dendroconus medoci – Olotipo - MNHN medoci (f) armeniaca medoci (v) brown band medoci (v) fuzzy band medoci (v) brown fuzzy band 5 medoci (v) large band medoci (v) purple band Conus ammiralis (Linnaeus, 1758) Conoidea - conidae coninae - leptoconus - ammiralis ammiralis Il leptoconus ammiralis ammiralis è diffuso e presente nell’area indo pacifica ed in particolare tra la Thailandia, l’Australia e le is. Filippine. Generalmente non arriva oltre la Regione Indiana tranne la sottospecie “pseudocedonulli” che è presente lungo la fascia costiera dell’Est Africa. Sono presenti intorno ai 2 - 240 metri di profondità. Rispetto al Lectotipo in figura vi sono 2 sottospecie, 3 forme e 5 varietà diffuse: La (ssp) “blainvillii” presenta una colorazione caratteristica. La diffusione è nel mar della Cina. La (ssp) “pseudocedonulli” presenta anch’essa una colorazione caratteristica. La diffusione è lungo le coste Est dell’Africa escluso il Madagascar. La (f) “abbreviata” presenta una colorazione caratteristica. La diffusione è in tutta l’area di riferimento. La (f) “architalassus” presenta una colorazione caratteristica e granulata. La diffusione è in tutta l’area di riferimento. La (f) “temnes” presenta una colorazione caratteristica. La diffusione è nell’area Australiana. La (f) “temnes (v) “dark” presenta la colorazione caratteristica ma scura. La diffusione è nell’area Australiana. La (v) “bandless” presenta l’assenza della banda alla 3/4. La diffusione è in tutta l’area di riferimento. La (v) “dark” presenta una colorazione particolarmente scura. La diffusione è in tutta l’area di riferimento. La (v) “dark bandless” presenta una colorazione particolarmente scura e l’assenza della banda alla 3/4. La diffusione è in tutta l’area di riferimento. La (v) “smooth granulose” presenta una colorazione simile alla (f) “abbreviata” ma granulare. La diffusione è in tutta l’area di riferimento. 6 leptoconus ammiralis blainvillii - Olotipo leptoconus ammiralis ammiralis Lectotipo - LSL leptoconus ammiralis pseudocedonulli ammiralis ammiralis (f) abbreviata Tipo di Esempio Olotipo MNHN ammiralis ammiralis (f) architalassus 7 ammiralis ammiralis (f) temnes ammiralis ammiralis (f) temnes (v) dark ammiralis ammiralis ammiralis ammiralis (v) (v) dark bandless ammiralis ammiralis (v) dark bandless ammiralis ammiralis (v) smooth granulose 8 Conus bengalensis (Okutani, 1968) Conoidea - conidae coninae - cylinder - bengalensis Il cylinder bengalensis è molto diffuso e presente nella zona del Golfo del Bengala tra India e Thailandia. E’ presente tra i 50 ed i 130 metri di profondità. Rispetto al tipo di esempio in figura vi sono 3 varietà: La (v) “dark” presenta una colorazione scura. La diffusione è in tutta l’area di riferimento. La (v) “reticulose” presenta un pattern a reticolo fitto. La diffusione è in tutta l’area di riferimento. La (v) “yellow” (detta anche “golden”) presenta una colorazione giallo/oro. La diffusione è particolareggiata lungo le coste della Thailandia/Is. Andamane. cylinder bengalensis bengalensis (v) dark Tipo di esempio 9 bengalensis (v) reticulose bengalensis (v) yellow Conus algoensis (Sowerby I&II, 1834) Conoidea - conidae puncticuliinae - sciteconus - algoensis Lo sciteconus algoensis è diffuso lungo le coste del Sudafrica. Si trova intorno ai 45 metri di profondità. Rispetto al Lectotipo in figura vi sono 3 forme e 3 varietà: La (v) “light pattern” ha una colorazione complessiva chiara rispetto al lectotipo che è scura. La diffusione è in tutta l’area geografica di riferimento. La (v) “white” ha l’assenza del pattern rispetto al lectotipo. La diffusione è in tutta l’area geografica di riferimento. La (f) “agulhasi” non presenta pattern ed ha una banda superiore caratteristica.. La diffusione è limitata alla costa Atlantica. La (f) “scitulus” ha una banda superiore caratteristica ed una superficie con pattern scuro. La diffusione è in tutta l’area geografica di riferimento. La (f) “scitulus” (v) “light brown” ha una banda superiore caratteristica ed una superficie con pattern chiaro. La diffusione è in tutta l’area geografica di riferimento. La (f) “simplex” è simile alla (f) “scitulus” ma allungata. La diffusione è limitata alla costa sciteconus algoensis - Lectotipo Atlantica. NHM 10 algoensis (v) light pattern algoensis (v) white algoensis (f) agulhasi - Olotipo ZMUA algoensis (f) scitulus algoensis (f) scitulus (v) light brown algoensis (f) simplex 11 Famiglia CERIONIDAE Generi 24 - Specie 600 Silvano Minuto Sono conchiglie terrestri polmonate endemiche delle isole tropicali dell’Atlantico occidentale: sud della Florida, Bahamas, Grandi Antille, Isole Cayman,
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