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If Laughter Is the Best Medicine…Then Its Time to Utilize Nitrous Oxide As Self- Administered Analgesia in Childbirth” Prepared by Kerry Dixon • a Birthcenter

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If Laughter Is the Best Medicine…Then Its Time to Utilize Nitrous Oxide As Self- Administered Analgesia in Childbirth” Prepared by Kerry Dixon • a Birthcenter Sources for “If laughter is the best medicine…then its time to utilize nitrous oxide as self- administered analgesia in childbirth” Prepared by Kerry Dixon • A BirthCenter. (n.d.)[Pronox machine image]. Retrieved from http://www.abirthcenter.com/ • Administration of Nitrous Oxide in Oxygen: Nitronox® or Entonox® [Perinatal Services BC]. (2011). British Columbia, Canada. • American College of Nurse-Midwives. (2010). Nitrous oxide for labor analgesia. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 55, 292– 296. doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2010.03.003 • American Society of Anesthesiologists. (2012, October 13). [Woman getting an epidural]. Retrieved from http://www.latinohealthzone.com/language-barrier- blocks-epidural • American Society of Anesthesiologists. (n.d.). Types of Pain Relief in Labor and Delivery. Retrieved from http://www.lifelinetomodernmedicine.com/Anesthesia- Topics/Types-of-Pain-Relief-in-Labor-and-Delivery.aspx • Ania’s Life. Birth: Nitrous vs Nothing.[Image of woman using nitrous in labor.] Retrieved from http://anialife.wordpress.com. • Artofmakingababy, E. @. (2012, March 8). [Thumbs up with an epidural]. Retrieved from http://prebabyblog.com/2012/03/birth-story-part-2/ • Baby Future [Personal photograph taken in Riverton, New Zealand]. (2010). • Baby Hayley and parents [Personal photograph taken in Tuatapere, New Zealand]. (2010). • Baby Jarryl [Personal photograph taken in Invercargill, New Zealand]. (2010). • Baby Nikau and Mum Izzy [Personal photograph taken in New Zealand]. (2010). • Baby Rowan and parents [Personal photograph taken in New Zealand]. (2010). • Baby Widemu King with parents [Personal photograph taken in New Zealand]. (2010). • Baby Zane [Personal photograph taken in Tuatapere, New Zealand]. (2010). • Baron, A. (n.d.). The Little Medic's Blog [Rugby player receiving entonox for pain control]. Retrieved from http://littlemedic.org/ankle-fractures-rugby/ • Bennett, J. (2012, January 31). [Poster of nitrous and Well’s portrait]. Retrieved • from http://wendellhowe.blogspot.com/2012_01_01_archive.html • Beverages and Health. (2014). [Pouring carbonated water into a glass]. Retrieved from http://beveragesandhealth.com/is-carbonated-water-bad-for-you/ • [Birth pool image]. (2013, February). Retrieved from http://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pain-relief-during-labour • Bishop, J. (2008, June). Nitrous Oxide During Labor. Lecture presented at Annual ACNM Convention in Boston. • Bishop, J. (2014). Nitrous Oxide for Labor Pain: Expanding the Options for Women. Lecture presented at Oregon Health Sciences University in Oregon. • Bishop, J.T. (2007, May-June). Administration of nitrous oxide in labor: expanding the options for women. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 52(3):308-9. 1 • Black & White drawing of Klikovich's machine]. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.duodecimlehti.fi/web/guest/haku;jsessionid=5B274AF5352214F0F1F 9433DA7A80D04?p_p_id=Article_WAR_DL6_Articleportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0 &_Article_WAR_DL6_Articleportlet_p_frompage=uusinnumero&_Article_WA R_DL6_Articleportlet_viewType=viewArticle&_Article_WAR_DL6_Articleport let_tunnus=duo98052 • BOC a member of the Linde Group. (n.d.). ENTONOX and pain management training for healthcare personnel [Video file]. United Kingdom. Retrieved from http://ecatalog.bochealthcare.co.uk/en/category/Services/Training/Gas+therapy+tr aining/ENTONOX+and+pain+management+training/product- 1_741_712_1182_1269/page.html • Bond, C. (2009, September). Pain Management: Nitrous Oxide Administration via Nitrous Mixer [PDF]. Christchurch, New Zealand: Canterbury District Health Board. • C. (2014, August 21). Stand and Deliver [Black & White photo of woman using entonox by beside]. Retrieved from http://gasandairblog.com/category/birth/ • Caton, D., Frölich, M. A., & Euliano, T. Y. (2002). Anesthesia for childbirth: Controversy and change. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 186(5), S25-S30. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9378(02)70180-4 • Childbirth Connection. (2013, June 24). Why Is the National U.S. Cesarean Section Rate So High? Retrieved from http://www.childbirthconnection.org/article.asp?ck=10456 • Colles, C. (2014, September 19). [Entonox mouthpiece]. Retrieved from http://passyourmessage.com/2014/09/19/first-aid-training/ • Compressed Gas Association. (n.d.). Nitrous oxide fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cganet.com/n20guidelines.php • Copeland, C. (2010). Nitrous Oxide Analgesia for Child Birth. Retrieved from http://www.pregnancy.org/article/nitrous-oxide-analgesia-child-birth • [The gas is piped in from somewhere in the bowels of the hospital and is mixed 50/50 with oxygen. From New Zealand]. (2008). Retrieved from http://expatmidwife.wordpress.com/page/8/ • Dames, B. L., & McGlothlin, J. D. (1994). Controlling Exposures to Nitrous Oxide During Anesthetic Administration (USA, Center for Disease Control & Prevention, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/94-100/ • Declercq, E. R., Corry, M. P., Sakala, C., Applebaum, S., & Herrlich, A. (2013). Listening to Mothers: III Pregnancy and Birth. New York: Childbirth Connection, May 2013. • [Drawing of placenta and fetus]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta • Drury, P. E. (n.d.). R.J. Minnett, 1889-1974: Pioneer Of Obstetric Analgesia [Scholarly project]. Retrieved from http://www.evolve360.co.uk/Data/10/Docs/13/13Drury.pdf • Epidural Anesthesia. (2014). Retrieved from http://americanpregnancy.org/labor- and-birth/epidural/ 2 • Feldhusen, A. E. (2000). The History of Midwifery and Childbirth in America: A Time Line Prepared by Adrian E. Feldhusen, Traditional Midwife. Retrieved from http://www.midwiferytoday.com/articles/timeline.asp • Getty Images. (2006, December 13). [Woman using Minnitt's Gas & Air machine]. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6196072.stm • Gifford, E. E. (n.d.). Horace Wells Discovers Pain-free Dentistry. Retrieved from http://connecticuthistory.org/horace-wells-discovers-pain-free-dentistry/ • Godsmiracle123 (Director). (2009). The Birth of Baby Willow [Motion picture on You-tube]. United Kingdom. • Gramatky, H. (2012). Anesthesia History [Painting of Dr. Horace Wells inhaling nitrous oxide in 1844]. Retrieved from http://www.choosegha.com/anesthesia/history.html • Gutierrez, R. (2004, December 8). [Jenn with an epidural]. Retrieved from http://www.mexicanpictures.com/headingeast/2004/12/jenns-labor.html • Hampshire Hospitals. (n.d.). [Entonox use while on a birth ball]. Retrieved from http://www.hampshirehospitals.nhs.uk/our-services/a-z-departments-and- specialities/m/maternity-services/basingstoke-and-north-hampshire-maternity- services/delivery-suite/how-will-i-cope-with-the-labour/entonox-(gas-and- air).aspx • Helmenstine, A. M. (2011). Nitrous Oxide or Laughing Gas [3 dimensional model of N2O]. Retrieved from http://chemistry.about.com/b/2013/07/27/how-to-make- nitrous-oxide-or-laughing-gas.htm • Holmes, R. (2009). Davy on the Gas. In The Age of Wonder: The Romantic Generation and the Discovery of the Beauty and Terror of Science. New York: Pantheon. • [Hospital use of nitrous image]. (2015, May 13). Retrieved from http://www.ktvb.com/story/news/health/2015/05/13/nitrous-oxide-labor-laughing- gas/27257817/ • [How to make nitrous oxide image]. (2015, September 9). Retrieved from http://www.unitednuclear.com/nitrous.htm • http://www.amnestyusa.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/deadlydelivery.pdf (pp. 1-154, Rep.). (2010). London: Peter Benenson House. • [Janelle Worrell using entonox in labor]. (2012, April 13). Retrieved from http://www.handbag.com/baby-bag/advice/a462874/pregnancy-prep-pain-relief- explained.html • Jaslow, D., & Lemecha, D. (2007, February 1). Prehospital Pharmacology: Nitrous Oxide | EMSWorld.com. Retrieved from http://www.emsworld.com/article/10322118/prehospital-pharmacology-nitrous- oxide • Jay, M. (n.d.). “O, Excellent Air Bag”: Humphry Davy and Nitrous Oxide. Retrieved from http://publicdomainreview.org/2014/08/06/o-excellent-air-bag- humphry-davy-and-nitrous-oxide/ • Jenkinson, R. (n.d.). [Woman in labour holding entonox face mask]. Retrieved from http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/290250/view 3 • John Whitridge Williams [Digital image]. (2010, May 5). Retrieved from http://birthstory.net/tag/baltimore/ • Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/joseph-priestley-discovers-oxygen • Joseph Priestly House. (2014). About Joseph Priestly. Retrieved from http://www.josephpriestleyhouse.org/learn/about-joseph-priestley/ • Kidspot. (2013). [Fear and Labour Cycle]. Retrieved from http://www.birth.com.au/factors-influencing-labour-pain-perceptions-and- choices-for-pain-relief/fears-and-labour#.VCzLHOfB0ao • King, T. L. (2011). From forgotten to mainstream: How a nurse- midwife’s commitment to nitrous oxide changed practice. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 56(6), 541–542. doi:10.1111/ j.1542-2011.2011.00131.x • Klomp, T., Van Poppel, M., & Jones, L. (2012, September). Inhaled analgesia for pain management in labour. doi: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews • Korda, I. (n.d.). [Illustration: Technique of manual removal of the placenta]. Retrieved from http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/data/kafedra/internal/ginecology2/classes_stud/en/med /lik/ptn/Obstetricsandgynecology/6year/05.Obstetrichemorrhagesinthefirsttermofp regnancy.htm • Lavender-flowers-uses [Digital image]. (2014, June 30). Retrieved from http://www.ecrugby.com/lavender-flowers-uses/lavender-flowers-uses/ • Likis, F. E., Andrews, J. A., Collins, M.
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