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Tangled! Congolese Provincial Elites in a Web of Patronage
Researching livelihoods and services affected by conflict Tangled! Congolese provincial elites in a web of patronage Working paper 64 Lisa Jené and Pierre Englebert January 2019 Written by Lisa Jené and Pierre Englebert SLRC publications present information, analysis and key policy recommendations on issues relating to livelihoods, basic services and social protection in conflict-affected situations. This and other SLRC publications are available from www.securelivelihoods.org. Funded by UK aid from the UK Government, Irish Aid and the EC. Disclaimer: The views presented in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the UK Government’s official policies or represent the views of Irish Aid, the EC, SLRC or our partners. ©SLRC 2018. Readers are encouraged to quote or reproduce material from SLRC for their own publications. As copyright holder SLRC requests due acknowledgement. Secure Livelihoods Research Consortium Overseas Development Institute (ODI) 203 Blackfriars Road London SE1 8NJ United Kingdom T +44 (0)20 3817 0031 F +44 (0)20 7922 0399 E [email protected] www.securelivelihoods.org @SLRCtweet Cover photo: Provincial Assembly, Lualaba. Lisa Jené, 2018 (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0). B About us The Secure Livelihoods Research Consortium (SLRC) is a global research programme exploring basic services, livelihoods and social protection in fragile and conflict-affected situations. Funded by UK Aid from the UK Government’s Department for International Development (DFID), with complementary funding from Irish Aid and the European Commission (EC), SLRC was established in 2011 with the aim of strengthening the evidence base and informing policy and practice around livelihoods and services in conflict. -
Organized Crime and Instability in Central Africa
Organized Crime and Instability in Central Africa: A Threat Assessment Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: +(43) (1) 26060-0, Fax: +(43) (1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org OrgAnIzed CrIme And Instability In CenTrAl AFrica A Threat Assessment United Nations publication printed in Slovenia October 2011 – 750 October 2011 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Organized Crime and Instability in Central Africa A Threat Assessment Copyright © 2011, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Acknowledgements This study was undertaken by the UNODC Studies and Threat Analysis Section (STAS), Division for Policy Analysis and Public Affairs (DPA). Researchers Ted Leggett (lead researcher, STAS) Jenna Dawson (STAS) Alexander Yearsley (consultant) Graphic design, mapping support and desktop publishing Suzanne Kunnen (STAS) Kristina Kuttnig (STAS) Supervision Sandeep Chawla (Director, DPA) Thibault le Pichon (Chief, STAS) The preparation of this report would not have been possible without the data and information reported by governments to UNODC and other international organizations. UNODC is particularly thankful to govern- ment and law enforcement officials met in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Uganda while undertaking research. Special thanks go to all the UNODC staff members - at headquarters and field offices - who reviewed various sections of this report. The research team also gratefully acknowledges the information, advice and comments provided by a range of officials and experts, including those from the United Nations Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, MONUSCO (including the UN Police and JMAC), IPIS, Small Arms Survey, Partnership Africa Canada, the Polé Institute, ITRI and many others. -
A Functional View of Linguistic Meaning
SWAHILI FORUM 22 (2015): vi-viii REVIEW Le swahili de Lubumbashi. Grammaire, textes, lexique [The Swahili from Lubumbashi. Grammar, texts, lexicon]. Aurélia Ferrari, Marcel Kalunga, and Georges Mulumbwa. 2014. Paris: Editions Karthala, 226 pp., ISBN 978-2-8111- 1130-4. Swahili is one of the four national languages of the Democratic Republic of Congo, together with Ciluba, Kikongo and Lingala, spoken by many millions mainly located in the eastern provinces. This interesting volume, appeared amongst the recent contributions to the Karthala series “Dictionnaires et Langues” (Dictionaries and Languages) directed by Henri Tourneux, is devoted 1 to a specific variety of Congolese Swahili, i.e. the Swahili of Lubumbashi , an originally vehicular and hexogen language which, as a result of the colonial language policy (Fabian 1986), has increasingly been spoken among urban residents, principally, but not exclusively, in oral 2 communication and performance , thus entering an ongoing process of vernacularisation and becoming the first language for a part of the population of the Katangese region. The work is a result of the collaboration between Aurélia Ferrari, specialist in emerging African language varieties, presently lecturer at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and two scholars from the DRC, experts in Swahili and Bantu languages, namely Marcel Kalunga, professor at the Universities of Lubumbashi and Kalemie, and Georges Mulumbwa, senior assistant in linguistics at the University of Lubumbashi. The book consists of three parts, the first -
Democratic Republic of the Congo Eortcrepublic Democratic Ftecongo the Of
Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Main objectives Reintegration and Resettlement (DDRRR) and the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP) in cooperation with UNDP, the ssist local authorities to improve the national UN Observer Mission in DRC (MONUC) and the Asystem of asylum; help to increase awareness World Bank. of refugees’ rights within the Government and civil society; promote and facilitate the repatriation in safety and dignity of Rwandan and Burundian refu- Impact gees respectively, as well as the voluntary repatria- tion of Angolan refugees; prepare and organize the • UNHCR signed tripartite agreements for the repa- repatriation of Sudanese and Congolese refugees triation of DRC refugees from the Central African when conditions in their home countries have Republic (CAR) and the Republic of the Congo improved sufficiently; ensure that all refugees who (RoC). Some 2,000 DRC refugees (20 per cent of wish to remain in the Democratic Republic of the the refugee population) returned home from Congo (DRC) enjoy international protection; pro- CAR. Nearly 350 RoC refugees (representing vide international protection and humanitarian some five per cent of the refugee population) assistance to residual groups and urban refugees to were repatriated. help them to become self-reliant; support initiatives for Demobilization, Disarmament, Repatriation, UNHCR Global Report 2004 142 • In total, UNHCR in DRC assisted some 28,000 Working environment people to return home (over 20,000 of them Angolans). From eastern DRC, the Office repatri- ated more than 8,000 Rwandans who were scattered in the provinces of North and South The context Kivu. -
Democratic Republic of Congo (Drc), Lubumbashi Survey
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (DRC), LUBUMBASHI SURVEY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is a country located in Central Africa with a short Atlantic Ocean coastline. Neighboring countries include Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, and Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. The geography includes active volcanoes near the city of Goma, mountains in the east, and lowlands around the Congo River that experience seasonal flooding. The government system is a Republic. The Head of State is the President, and the head of government is the prime minister. The DRC has a mixed economic system which includes a variety of private freedoms, combined with centralized economic planning and government regulation. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a member of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The Democratic Republic of Congo’s population was estimated by the United Nations at 80,744,319 in December 2016, 39.2% of which resides in urban areas. The population density is 35 people per square kilometer. About 250 languages are spoken with French remaining as the official language and is the universal medium for business. Among the many African languages, Kikongo, Tshiluba Lingala and Kiswahili are the other languages most commonly used. OPPORTUNITIES The country presents a lot of trade and investment opportunities for Zimbabwean businesses because of its huge population, untapped resources and prospects for growth in areas such as Agriculture, Mining, Pharmaceutical, Manufacturing, Engineering and Tourism. -
Democratic Republic of Congo
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO 350 Fifth Ave 34 th Floor New York, N.Y. 10118-3299 http://www.hrw.org (212) 290-4700 Vol. 15, No. 11 (A) - July 2003 I hid in the mountains and went back down to Songolo at about 3:00 p.m. I saw many people killed and even saw traces of blood where people had been dragged. I counted 82 bodies most of whom had been killed by bullets. We did a survey and found that 787 people were missing – we presumed they were all dead though we don’t know. Some of the bodies were in the road, others in the forest. Three people were even killed by mines. Those who attacked knew the town and posted themselves on the footpaths to kill people as they were fleeing. -- Testimony to Human Rights Watch ITURI: “COVERED IN BLOOD” Ethnically Targeted Violence In Northeastern DR Congo 1630 Connecticut Ave, N.W., Suite 500 2nd Floor, 2-12 Pentonville Road 15 Rue Van Campenhout Washington, DC 20009 London N1 9HF, UK 1000 Brussels, Belgium TEL (202) 612-4321 TEL: (44 20) 7713 1995 TEL (32 2) 732-2009 FAX (202) 612-4333 FAX: (44 20) 7713 1800 FAX (32 2) 732-0471 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] “You cannot escape from the horror” This story of fifteen-year-old Elise is one of many in Ituri. She fled one attack after another and witnessed appalling atrocities. Walking for more than 300 miles in her search for safety, Elise survived to tell her tale; many others have not. -
Democratic Republic of Congo Democratic Republic of Congo Gis Unit, Monuc Africa
Map No.SP. 103 ADMINISTRATIVE MAP OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO GIS UNIT, MONUC AFRICA 12°30'0"E 15°0'0"E 17°30'0"E 20°0'0"E 22°30'0"E 25°0'0"E 27°30'0"E 30°0'0"E Central African Republic N N " " 0 0 ' Sudan ' 0 0 ° ° 5 5 Z o n g oBangui Mobayi Bosobolo Gbadolite Yakoma Ango Yaounde Bondo Nord Ubangi Niangara Faradje Cameroon Libenge Bas Uele Dungu Bambesa Businga G e m e n a Haut Uele Poko Rungu Watsa Sud Ubangi Aru Aketi B u tt a II s ii rr o r e Kungu Budjala v N i N " R " 0 0 ' i ' g 0 n 0 3 a 3 ° b Mahagi ° 2 U L ii s a ll a Bumba Wamba 2 Orientale Mongala Co Djugu ng o R i Makanza v Banalia B u n ii a Lake Albert Bongandanga er Irumu Bomongo MambasaIturi B a s a n k u s u Basoko Yahuma Bafwasende Equateur Isangi Djolu Yangambi K i s a n g a n i Bolomba Befale Tshopa K i s a n g a n i Beni Uganda M b a n d a k a N N " Equateur " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° Lubero ° 0 Ingende B o e n d e 0 Gabon Ubundu Lake Edward Opala Bikoro Bokungu Lubutu North Kivu Congo Tshuapa Lukolela Ikela Rutshuru Kiri Punia Walikale Masisi Monkoto G o m a Yumbi II n o n g o Kigali Bolobo Lake Kivu Rwanda Lomela Kalehe S S " KabareB u k a v u " 0 0 ' ' 0 Kailo Walungu 0 3 3 ° Shabunda ° 2 2 Mai Ndombe K ii n d u Mushie Mwenga Kwamouth Maniema Pangi B a n d u n d u Bujumbura Oshwe Katako-Kombe South Kivu Uvira Dekese Kole Sankuru Burundi Kas ai R Bagata iver Kibombo Brazzaville Ilebo Fizi Kinshasa Kasongo KasanguluKinshasa Bandundu Bulungu Kasai Oriental Kabambare K e n g e Mweka Lubefu S Luozi L u s a m b o S " Tshela Madimba Kwilu Kasai -
Case 1:19-Cv-03737 Document 1 Filed 12/15/19 Page 1 of 79
Case 1:19-cv-03737 Document 1 Filed 12/15/19 Page 1 of 79 TERRENCE COLLINGSWORTH (DC Bar # 471830) International Rights Advocates 621 Maryland Ave NE Washington, D.C. 20002 Tel: 202-543-5811 E-mail: [email protected] Counsel for Plaintiffs UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ________________ JANE DOE 1, Individually and on behalf of Proposed Class Members; JOHN DOE 1, Individually and on behalf of Proposed Class Members; JOHN DOE 2, Individually and on behalf of Proposed Class Members; JENNA ROE 3, Individually and on behalf of Proposed Class Members; JAMES DOE 4, Individually and on Case No. CV: behalf of Proposed Class Members; JOHN DOE 5, Individually and on behalf of Proposed Class Members; JENNA DOE 6, Individually and on CLASS COMPLAINT FOR behalf of Proposed Class Members; INJUNCTIVE RELIEF AND JANE DOE 2, Individually and on DAMAGES behalf of Proposed Class Members; JENNA DOE 7, Individually and on behalf of Proposed Class Members; JURY TRIAL DEMANDED JENNA DOE 8, Individually and on behalf of Proposed Class Members; JOHN DOE 9, Individually and on behalf of Proposed Class Members; JENNA DOE 10, Individually and on behalf of Proposed Class Members; JENNA DOE 11, Individually and on behalf of Proposed Class Members; JANE DOE 3, Individually and on behalf of Proposed Class Members; JOHN DOE 12, Individually and on 1 Case 1:19-cv-03737 Document 1 Filed 12/15/19 Page 2 of 79 behalf of Proposed Class Members; and JOHN DOE 13, Individually and on behalf of Proposed Class Members; all Plaintiffs C/O 621 Maryland Ave. -
Musebe Artisanal Mine, Katanga Democratic Republic of Congo
Gold baseline study one: Musebe artisanal mine, Katanga Democratic Republic of Congo Gregory Mthembu-Salter, Phuzumoya Consulting About the OECD The OECD is a forum in which governments compare and exchange policy experiences, identify good practices in light of emerging challenges, and promote decisions and recommendations to produce better policies for better lives. The OECD’s mission is to promote policies that improve economic and social well-being of people around the world. About the OECD Due Diligence Guidance The OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas (OECD Due Diligence Guidance) provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. The OECD Due Diligence Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. It is one of the only international frameworks available to help companies meet their due diligence reporting requirements. About this study This gold baseline study is the first of five studies intended to identify and assess potential traceable “conflict-free” supply chains of artisanally-mined Congolese gold and to identify the challenges to implementation of supply chain due diligence. The study was carried out in Musebe, Haut Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo. This study served as background material for the 7th ICGLR-OECD-UN GoE Forum on Responsible Mineral Supply Chains in Paris on 26-28 May 2014. It was prepared by Gregory Mthembu-Salter of Phuzumoya Consulting, working as a consultant for the OECD Secretariat. -
An Inventory of Fish Species at the Urban Markets of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
FISHERIES AND HIV/AIDS IN AFRICA: INVESTING IN SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS PROJECT REPORT | 1983 An inventory of fi sh species at the urban markets of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mujinga, W. • Lwamba, J. • Mutala, S. • Hüsken, S.M.C. • Reducing poverty and hunger by improving fisheries and aquaculture www.worldfi shcenter.org An inventory of fish species at the urban markets of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mujinga, W., Lwamba, J., Mutala, S. et Hüsken, S.M.C. Translation by Prof. A. Ngosa November 2009 Fisheries and HIV/AIDS in Africa: Investing in Sustainable Solutions This report was produced under the Regional Programme “Fisheries and HIV/AIDS in Africa: Investing in Sustainable Solutions” by the WorldFish Center and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), with financial assistance from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This publication should be cited as: Mujinga, W., Lwamba, J., Mutala, S. and Hüsken, S.M.C. (2009). An inventory of fish species at the urban markets in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo. Regional Programme Fisheries and HIV/AIDS in Africa: Investing in Sustainable Solutions. The WorldFish Center. Project Report 1983. Authors’ affiliations: W. Mujinga : University of Lubumbashi, Clinique Universitaire. J. Lwamba : University of Lubumbashi, Clinique Universitaire. S. Mutala: The WorldFish Center DRC S.M.C. Hüsken: The WorldFish Center Zambia National Library of Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Cover design: Vizual Solution © 2010 The WorldFish Center All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational or non-profit purposes without permission of, but with acknowledgment to the author(s) and The WorldFish Center. -
The Current Situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 103(6), 2020, pp. 2168–2170 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-1169 Copyright © 2020 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Perspective Piece COVID-19: The Current Situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo Carl Agisha Juma,1† Nestor Kalume Mushabaa,2† Feruzi Abdu Salam,1,3† Attaullah Ahmadi,4*† and Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III5,6† 1Global Health Focus Africa, Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of Congo; 2Department of Gaenecology, University of Goma, Goma, The Democratic Republic of Congo; 3Health Maintenance Organization in Africa, Goma, The Democratic Republic of Congo; 4Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan; 5Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; 6Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines (Open University), Los Baños, Philippines Abstract. COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease that has affected all African countries including the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Formidable challenges limit precautionary measures which were instituted by the government to curb the pandemic. Insufficient COVID-19 testing laboratories, limited medical and personal protective equipment, and an inadequate number of health workers leave the country ill-equipped in the fight against the pandemic. Lack of assistance from the government to those who lost their jobs due to lockdown forced these individuals to go outside to find provisions, thus increasing the spread of the virus. Moreover, the fragile healthcare system is overburdened by civil conflicts and other epidemics and endemics amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The conflicts have led to thousands of deaths and hundreds of thousands of displacements and deprived many people of basic health services. -
Growing Greener Cities in the Democratic Republic of Congo
How a project for development of urban and peri-urban horticulture in five cities is helping to grow 150 000 tonnes of vegetables a year supply fresh, nutritious produce to 11.5 million urban residents build sustainable livelihoods for 16 000 small-scale market gardeners generate jobs and income for 60 000 people in the horticulture value chain The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. All rights reserved. FAO encourages the reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale